Health - Parenting Hub

Expert Advice from Bonitas Medical Fund

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 9 of your pregnancy

At week 9 of your pregnancy, you’re probably more aware than ever of your growing baby inside of you, as the first two months of pregnancy are now behind you. You may be dealing with a variety of different pregnancy symptoms as your baby slowly grows bigger. Your baby at week 9 At 9 weeks in, your baby is looking more human, with mini arms and legs developing, and the tail which was initially present is slowly disappearing. Your baby is now the size of a grape or a cherry and her facial features are also becoming more prominent. At week nine your baby is also becoming more active and beginning to move around. However, you won’t be able to see or feel this just yet – but it’ll be visible on ultrasound. If you’re struggling with painful breasts, a maternity or sports bra can offer you more support and help alleviate some of your uncomfortableness. When your body becomes more used to your pregnancy hormones, it’s likely that some of your pain may ease, but throughout your pregnancy, it’s a good idea to find clothes that you feel comfortable in. How you’re feeling at 9 weeks At nine weeks you may be feeling a variety of emotions, alongside the many other pregnancy symptoms, such as morning sickness, which peaks at around week 9. Your symptoms may be particularly difficult to deal with if you’re still keeping your pregnancy quiet from your colleges and friends, but if you are struggling emotionally open up to your partner or health care provider. Things to keep in mind At this point, it may be a good idea to chat to your doctor about possibly restructuring your exercise routine. It could be a good time to start incorporating prenatal yoga or pilates as these activities help you get ready for labour and childbirth. Staying active is also a great way to keep healthy during your pregnancy, but depending on what activities you did before getting pregnant, you may need to think about adjusting your training program.

March 8, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 8 of your pregnancy

It’s week 8 of your pregnancy and your baby is beginning to look more like a little human. You’ll probably be feeling many of the first-trimester pregnancy symptoms but you shouldn’t be showing just yet, so enjoy your flat figure while it lasts! Your body at week 8 Even if you don’t outwardly look pregnant, you’re definitely feeling it. Your first trimester brings morning sickness (not just in the morning!), tender breasts, fatigue, pregnancy cramps and a heightened sense of smell. Dealing with morning sickness and fatigue its important that you remember to stick to a healthy lifestyle. Eating well, exercising often and trying to make sure you get enough sleep. It’s important that you take prenatal vitamins during this time as well. Where your baby is at Your baby is now roughly the size of a bean or a raspberry. They are becoming more distinctly human, developing arms and legs. Their digestive system also develops around this time. If you get an ultrasound you may notice that your baby has a disproportionate body, with a large head – this is because the upper body develops faster than the lower. However, in 32 weeks time, your baby will be a normal-sized little-human. Things to remember Your first prenatal check-up around this time, where you may have blood tests and an early ultrasound to check your baby’s growth and heart rate. If you have lots of questions for your doctor it is a good idea to write them down, so you don’t forget when you arrive – especially if this is your first pregnancy. During the first trimester, you are at higher risk for a miscarriage. It is estimated that 1 in 8 women experience miscarriages, often before they realise they are pregnant. Signs of a miscarriage are cramping and pain in the lower back and abdomen, as well as light spotting to heavy bleeding. If you suspect miscarriage, it is important that you contact your doctor so that they can help you during this time.

March 1, 2024

World Hearing Day

World Hearing Day is an annual event organised by the World Health Organization (WHO). Held on 3 March, it’s a global campaign to raise awareness around the prevention of hearing loss and the importance of hearing health and ear care. To help create more awareness, Bonitas Medical Fund is offering free online hearing screening for all South Africans, over the age of 18. Hearing loss is an under-diagnosed medical condition that significantly impacts the physical and mental health of those who have any degree of hearing difficulty. Disabling hearing loss is often called the ‘invisible epidemic.’ It affects more than three million South Africans and over 1.5 billion people globally. With the theme ‘Changing mindsets: Let’s make ear and hearing care a reality for all!’ World Hearing Day emphasises the significance of early identification and interventions in preventing hearing loss. Hearing is vital in that it connects individuals to their surroundings, enabling communication, learning and social interaction. Yet millions of people, worldwide, face hearing challenges which can impact their quality of life. Free online hearing test ‘Last year we partnered with hearConnect and introduced a free online hearing screener for members on our website,’ says Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer of Bonitas Medical Fund. ‘Through this partnership we have extended this functionality and made it available to all South Africans.’ How it works The online, validated, speech-in-noise hearing test, uses the latest in audiological technology combined with the highest standards of clinical expertise. Go to https://www.bonitas.co.za/hearing-screening and, in just two minutes, you can test your hearing status. All you need is access to a computer or your mobile, headphones or earphones, a quiet area and then you’re all set to take the test. Post the test If the screening test indicates you are experiencing hearing loss, hearConnect is available to guide you through the next steps. Alternatively, make an appointment with an audiologist, consult your GP and/or visit the nearest clinic. What causes hearing loss? Hearing loss can come about as you age or as a result of loud noises, illnesses and disease, genetics and trauma (contact sport). Other factors, such as too much earwax, also reduce your ability to hear. Hearing loss repercussions One of the biggest concerns associated with hearing loss, when it is not treated properly, is the long-term impact it has on the quality of life. Prevention and early detection are important, after all, hearing is the foundation for speech and language development, as well as learning and communication. There are many challenges associated with hearing loss. These include language development that impacts our ability to read, write, spell and concentrate. It affects social skills resulting in isolation, depression, loneliness, cognitive impairment, unemployment and an increased risk of dementia. World Hearing Day underscores the need for accessible and affordable hearing care services and encourages everyone to prioritise their hearing health. ‘As a medical scheme we know that patients with untreated hearing loss experience more inpatient stays compared to those without hearing loss,’ says Callakoppen. ‘There is a 17% increased risk of emergency department visits, readmissions and rate of hospitalisation as well as longer hospital stays. ‘Our partnership with hearConnect includes a full audiology benefit management programme on selected plans for our members to ensure they maintain ear health. This includes a follow up with ongoing treatment steps if hearing loss is detected.’

March 1, 2024

Key facts about Cholera

South Africa had recorded at least 46 suspected cholera cases in the first month of 2024. According to the Minister of Health, three of these cases were due to cross-border travel. With these outbreaks making headline news, Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund has put together eight key facts about cholera. Researchers have estimated that each year there are around 1.3 to 4.0 million reported cases of cholera, resulting in between 21 000 to 143 000 deaths. However, general consensus is that this is under-estimated because of low reporting and limited laboratory services. What is Cholera? Cholera is an acute diarrhoea disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It can either be mild or without symptoms or severe and life-threatening if left untreated. Who is at risk? The highest at-risk populations are more often in underdeveloped countries where poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene practices contribute to its spread, especially in areas with limited access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities. Cholera can be endemic or epidemic. A cholera-endemic area is where confirmed cholera cases were detected but not brought in from somewhere else. A cholera outbreak/epidemic can occur in both endemic countries and in countries where cholera does not regularly occur. How is it spread? It is primarily spread through contaminated water and food. Ingesting water or food contaminated with faeces containing the bacterium can lead to infection. It is not likely that cholera is spread directly from one person to another. What are the symptoms? The symptoms of cholera typically include profuse watery diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration. In severe cases, rapid fluid loss can lead to electrolyte imbalances, muscle cramps and shock. Without prompt treatment, severe dehydration can be fatal within hours. How long before you show symptoms? It takes between 12 hours and 5 days for a person to show symptoms – which could include acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. How serious is it? According to the World Health Organization (WHO) only around 25% of infected persons become symptomatic. Of these, 10 – 20% experience severe disease. How do you treat Cholera? Cholera can be effectively treated with rehydration therapy, which involves replacing lost fluids and electrolytes. This can be orally – in non-severe cases – or via intravenous fluids for more severe cases. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to shorten the duration of illness and reduce the severity of symptoms. Immediate treatment in an outbreak is essential which is not always the case in poverty -stricken areas. Can you prevent Cholera? Yes, you can, it involves improving sanitation and hygiene practices, ensuring access to clean water, and promoting proper food handling and preparation. Measures such as boiling, filtering or treating water with chlorine tablets can help reduce the risk of contamination. Additionally, practising good hand hygiene, especially before eating or preparing food, can help prevent the spread of the disease. A global strategy on cholera control was launched in 2017: ‘Ending cholera: a global roadmap to 2030’, had a target to reduce cholera deaths by 90% as well as timely access to healthcare services during outbreaks. Remember, your GP should be your first port of call for all your healthcare needs. Bonitas believes there needs to be coordination of care and encourages you to see your GP who can refer you to a specialist or auxiliary provider as and if the need arises.

February 28, 2024

Talking about HPV and cervical cancer

The theme for 2024 Cervical Cancer Awareness is, ‘Learn. Prevent. Screen.’ South Africa has a high rate of cervical cancer which has been attributed to the fact that not enough women are screened regularly. Screening can detect early changes in the cervix, which can be treated and may save your life. Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund, gives the low down on cervical cancer – caused by persistent infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), why it is essential to screen for the virus and the development of a vaccine to help prevent it. Why a vaccine against HPV? HPV infects the cells of the cervix and, in some cases, the virus can persist – leading to abnormal changes in the cells that may eventually become cancerous. Over 99% of all cervical cancers are caused by persistent infection of high-risk types of HPV, including HPV-16 and HPV-18. ‘For this reason, we have expanded our preventative care benefits to include the HPV vaccine across all plans, to help prevent cervical cancers,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘As recommended by The World Health Organization (WHO), this is 2 doses for females aged 9 to 14 years and 3 doses for females aged 15 to 26 years per lifetime’. Screening for HPV and cervical cancer Screening is also essential to mitigate the risk of developing cervical cancer. Screening aims to identify cervical cell changes and detect early cervical cancers before they cause symptoms. Two screening tests help with detection: Pap test (Pap Smear) Cervical cancer is usually a slow-growing cancer that may not have immediate symptoms but can be found with regular pap smear tests (a procedure in which cells are scraped from the cervix and looked at under a microscope). The test looks for cell changes (pre-cancers) in the cervix that may progress to cancer if not treated. HPV test Looks for the virus, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18 that cause 90% of cervical cancers. It is recommended that between the ages of 21 and 65, women should have a pap smear every two years and, from the age of 30 onwards, a pap smear and HPV test can be done every 5 years. Signs and symptoms The symptoms of the HPV virus can include: Lesions on the genital area as well as darker lesions on other parts of the body, to painful bumps on your upper limbs and skin growths on the balls of the feet and heels. Staging of cervical cancer Just like other cancers, cervical cancer is graded according to the severity. From in situ, which means it hasn’t spread to nearby tissue, through stage one: It’s still in the original organ and is small. If it progresses it spreads to the surrounding lymph nodes and, in the most severe form, the cancer has metastasized to surrounding tissues and other lymph nodes. As cervical cancer develops, the following may occur: Abnormal bleeding, for example bleeding after sex Pelvic pain unrelated to the menstrual cycle Heavy or unusual discharge Increased urinary frequency Pain during urination ‘Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women after breast cancer,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘Yet it has a good chance of being cured, if diagnosed at an early stage and treated promptly. Which is why, it’s important to have regular pap smears to detect any changes in the cervix and to vaccinate young girls to protect them against possible HPV infection.’

February 26, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week seven of your pregnancy

By now you probably know that you’re pregnant, but some moms only find out during this week or later. Even if you haven’t started looking outwardly pregnant, there is a good chance you’re definitely feeling it, with the likes of fatigue and morning sickness. Your baby is going rapidly day-to-day, with continued brain and body development for the next 33 weeks. Where your body is at This week you’ll likely be feeling some or all of the symptoms generally experienced during the first trimester of pregnancy. It’s important throughout your pregnancy that you maintain a healthy lifestyle, even if doing so feels tough at times. Eating the correct foods and taking prenatal vitamins will ensure that your baby gets the correct nutrients from you. It is important to remember that during pregnancy your needs will change, so you should keep this in mind when tailoring your diet. Miscarriage and ectopic pregnancies are both serious complications that can happen during early pregnancy. Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of the foetus before week 20, unfortunately, this is not reversible and is usually due to abnormal development. Ectopic pregnancy often shows around 7 weeks and is when the fertilised egg implants outside of the uterus. Unfortunately, neither complication can be reversed, and losing a baby early in pregnancy is likely to be very traumatic for the mom-to-be and family. It’s important that you seek medical and psychological support if you are struggling post ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage. What your baby is doing Your baby is now the size of a blueberry but is shaped more like a tadpole than a human, however, their tail is getting smaller and will soon disappear. At this point, your baby has continued to develop limbs, facial features, spinal cord and lungs, heart and kidney.

February 19, 2024

Advice from the experts

10 MYTHS ABOUT DEPRESSION

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, says it is important to understand the facts about depression to dispel myths and misconceptions that can prevent people from seeking help. “Depression (major depressive disorder) is a serious mental health condition that, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), affects more than 264 million people globally,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “Despite its prevalence, there are many myths and misconceptions about depression that can make it difficult for people to understand and seek help.” Affinity Health explores 10 common myths about depression and provides accurate information to help dispel these misconceptions. Myth: Depression is Just Sadness Fact: While sadness is a common symptom of depression, it is not the only one. Depression can also cause feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and emptiness, as well as physical symptoms like fatigue, insomnia, and changes in appetite. Myth: Depression is a Personal Weakness or Character Flaw Fact: Depression is a medical condition caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and biological factors. It is not a personal weakness or a reflection of character. Myth: Depression is a Choice Fact: People with depression cannot simply choose to be happy or snap out of it. Depression requires treatment and support. Myth: Depression is not a Serious Illness Fact: Depression can have significant impacts on a person’s mental and physical health, as well as their relationships and ability to function in daily life. Myth: Only Weak People Get Depressed Fact: Depression can affect anyone, regardless of their strength or resilience. In fact, many people who experience depression are highly accomplished and successful. Myth: Depression is a Normal Part of Ageing Fact: While depression can occur at any age, it is not a normal part of ageing. Older adults, however, may be at higher risk for depression due to factors like loneliness, financial difficulties, chronic pain, and lack of purpose or meaning. Myth: Talking About Depression Makes it Worse Fact: Talking about depression can help people to feel understood and supported and reduce feelings of social isolation and shame. Myth: Depression is Just Like Sadness, and it Will Pass Fact: Sadness is a normal emotion everyone experiences during stressful or sombre times. Life events such as losing a loved one, financial troubles, or job loss can trigger sadness. However, sadness often passes with time, but depression persists, affecting daily life. Myth: Medication is The Only Treatment for Depression Fact: While medication can be an effective treatment for depression, it is not the only option. Therapy, lifestyle changes, and other types of support can also help manage depression. Myth: Once Someone is Cured of Depression, they will Never Experience it Again Fact: Depression is a chronic mental illness that can recur throughout a person’s life. While treatment can help to manage symptoms, it is important for people to continue to prioritise their mental health and seek support as needed. Need Help? If you believe you are suffering from depression, talk to your healthcare provider, who can assist with a treatment plan. Alternatively, contact The South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG) at (011) 234-4837 during office hours or 0800 456 789 (24-hour helpline). About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health insurance provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to always give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

May 12, 2023

Discover the power of targeted nutrition with JSHealth: Your Guide to optimal health and wellness

JSHealth is not just another supplement brand. JSHealth offers unique, nutritionally formulated products designed for specific health needs such as skin health, mild stress and anxiety, and bloating. The range of products is simple and easy to navigate, with each formula’s name reflecting its purpose. The brand’s philosophy centers on quality, with ingredients in each formula chosen by a team of experts to ensure efficacy and optimal dosages. This Australian-made brand has total control over the quality of ingredients, combination, and dosage. A few hero products from the range includes: JSHealth Mild Anxiety + Stress Tablets 60’s (R699.00) The Mild Anxiety + Stress formula is designed to help reduce the occurrence of symptoms of mild anxiety, and relieve symptoms of stress and nervous tension, based on traditional Western herbal medicine with a special combination of rejuvenating adaptogens, herbs, antioxidants, and vitamins. Passionflower is traditionally used in western herbal medicine to help reduce the occurrence of symptoms of mild anxiety, stress, and nervous tension, relieve irritability, and calm and soothe the nerves. Ashwagandha is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine as a rejuvenating tonic. It is an adaptogen to help the body adapt to stress and relieves feelings of general malaise and debility. Vitamin B5 supports cognitive and mental function. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that reduces free radicals formed in the body. JSHealth Detox + Debloat Tablets 60’s (R699.00) One formula inspired by a double-benefit approach for the digestive system and the liver is designed to support your confidence and nourish your health from the inside out. Fennel is traditionally used in Western herbal medicine to decrease, reduce and relieve abdominal bloating and distention. Turmeric is traditionally used in Western herbal medicine to relieve digestive discomfort, support liver health and is an antioxidant. Milk thistle is traditionally used in Western herbal medicine to support natural cleansing and detoxification. JSHealth Hair + Energy Formula 30’s/60’s (from R499.00) Hair + Energy supports hair health and growth (when dietary intake is inadequate), plus maintains energy levels, with Iodine from an exclusive blend of JS Health Kelp™ and Zinc. It also maintains hair thickness and strength in females. Iodine maintains and supports hair health (when dietary intake is inadequate). It maintains and supports energy levels and body metabolism, as well as thyroid gland function and thyroid hormones. Zinc helps maintain normal healthy hair, skin and nails. JSHealth Skin + Digestion Formula 60’s (R699.00) Did you know that the gut and skin are linked? This formula targets both. Think of Skin + Digestion as an inside-out tool for skin health, which works to relieve the symptoms of acne, pimples and more. At the same time, it relieves digestive discomfort, it is based on traditional Western herbal medicine, and supports gastrointestinal health. This comprehensive formula also helps support collagen production. Zinc relieves symptoms of acne, pimples and minor skin eruptions. Burdock is traditionally used in Western herbal medicine to relieve minor skin eruptions and symptoms of mild eczema and dermatitis. Vitamins B2 and C maintain and support skin health. Turmeric is traditionally used in Western herbal medicine to relieve digestive discomfort and promote bile secretion. JSHealth Vitality X + Collagen (R999.00) Vitality X + Collagen is our signature inner beauty powder. This unique blend harnesses the benefits of sustainably-sourced Marine Collagen enhanced with a unique combination of ingredients for skin health and vitality. The Marine Collagen peptides are activated through the hydrolysation process for high absorption. Marine collagen supports collagen formation, skin integrity and structure, skin hydration and elasticity in females and maintains collagen health. JSHealth Vitamins is available at selected Clicks stores and online at www.clicks.co.za

May 12, 2023

WHAT IS SENSORY PROCESSING DISORDER?

Adequate awareness, interpretation and use of sensory information is the cornerstone of all learning and behaviour. Some sensory deficits are easy to recognise, such as poor vision or hearing. Other difficulties are less easy to interpret, as they may result from difficulty with processing stimuli through movement, touch, pressure, position and gravity receptors. Some children may have adequate hearing, smell and eyesight but have trouble with using visual, auditory and olfactory information for function. Sensory Integration is the organisation of sensations for use. The brain locates, sorts and orders sensations- somewhat as a traffic officer directs moving cars. This enables interpretation of our surroundings and helps us form adaptive responses that form the foundation for behaviour and learning. When the flow of sensations is disorganised every second of one’s life can be like a rush hour traffic jam! Messages get jumbled and some don’t reach their destination at all. Improving sensory integrative functioning is like inserting traffic lights that order and control streams of traffic, organising the tangle of cars and roads, and helping the child predict what to do when the traffic gets really bad. School environments can be overwhelming to children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) due to the enormous quantity and variability of incoming sensations. Common difficulties experienced by children with SPD include delayed development of activities of daily living (such as going to the toilet, putting on shoes), delayed milestones, poor fine motor coordination, poor gross motor coordination, poor posture, restlessness, clumsiness, difficulty socialising, anxiety and low self confidence, poor concentration and attention, poor impulse control, avoidance of play ground, very rough play, very active, very labile, slow work speed, difficulty learning letters and numbers, poor handwriting, difficulty with spatial orientation, difficulty following instructions, distractibility. These are only some of the problems that are most frequently experienced by children with minor or major sensory integrative difficulties. Each child’s symptoms, behaviour and academic ability is different. A closer look at how our senses process information: Vision Organ-Eyes Must be able to detect light and movement Must be able to follow moving objects Must be able to focus on one object Must be able to work together or separately (usually 1 eye dominant Visual processing Transmission of visual input to Occipital lobe in brain where information is interpreted. Manipulate visual concepts (figure ground, visual closure, spatial relations, position in space, form constancy) Integrate visual information with movement (Eye hand coordination, visual motor speed, copying) Filter and ignore non-pertinent, non-threatening information. Hearing Organ- Outer ear, middle ear (ear drum, ossicles), inner ear (Cochlear) Must be able to detect sound Must be able to interpret sound into meaningful information Must be able to accommodate according to noise Auditory processing Transmission of sound to Temporal Lobe and formation of adaptive response Discrimination between loud and soft/high and low/far and near Speech and language reception and expression Filter and ignore non-pertinent, non-threatening information Integration with movement impulses (semi-circular canals in inner ear) Connection with arousal and attention levels Position and movement Organ- muscles & joints Proprioceptive processing Transmission of information about position and movement of our bodies to the brain stem and cerebellum Automatic adjustment of posture and appropriate contraction/relaxation of muscles Enables subconscious awareness of the position of our limbs in space, and therefore provides foundation for any coordinated movement for function. Predicts self-orientation, self-awareness and in many cases interest and satisfaction in tasks. Gravity, Head Movement & Balance Organ- Semi-circular canals and otoliths in inner ear Vestibular processing Transmission of information about vibration and gravity (Otoliths), movement, acceleration and position of the head (Semicircular canals) to the brain stem, cerebellum and cerebrum. Interpretation of exactly where we are in relation to gravity, how fast we are going, and in what direction. Enable subconscious adjustments needed for balance, posture and movement Interaction and integration with all other impulses travelling up and down the spinal cord. Major influence on emotional and social responses, self regulation, arousal and concentration, self esteem, anxiety etc Types of sensory responses High threshold- need more sensory information than others to experience the same sensation. Child may present as lethargic, disinterested, weak, and spaced out (low registration). Child may present as very active, have poor motor planning, touches things, moves/spins/jumps etc., likes heavy blankets/tight clothing, inattentive, restless, rough during play. Both types are associated with poor body concept, difficulty with fine and gross motor skills, poor self-confidence. Low threshold- are more easily stimulated by sensory stimuli, need less input than others to experience same sensations. Child may present as anxious, avoidant, difficulty eating, poor motor planning, dislike of being messy, behaviour deteriorates in noisy environments, dislike of change, difficulty with attention and concentration, tantrums Common categories of SPD Dyspraxia Bilateral Integration and Sequencing Visual Praxis Modulation (Over-responsive/Under-responsive) What to do for kids with SI difficulties: Be patient. Kids with SPD take longer to develop thing even though their cognitive function may be normal. Allow more time for individuals with SPD to complete tasks (including going to the toilet, understanding a new concept etc.,) within appropriate classroom boundaries. Help them deal with frustrations and difficulties experienced as a result of SPD. Children with SPD often appear naughty, aggressive, oppositional and disengaged and are often associated with hyperactivity. These behaviours are the outcome of deregulation on an electro-chemical level in the brain. Use positive reinforcement for desired behaviours, and accommodations to make the environment more user-friendly’ to the SPD child. Provide a space that is quiet, dark and uncluttered for SPD kids to utilise as a regulatory tool. Explain that this is not a time-out space which is associated with bad behaviour, but a way to help our brains organise themselves again. Tents work well or you can use a desk with a blanket over it or a quiet room. Provide ample opportunity for movement. Engage SPD kids in taking messages, moving furniture, handing out books etc. Encourage SPD kids to engage in active play during break times. Seat SPD kids in the least distracting place in the classroom.

May 9, 2023

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF GLAUCOMA IN CHILDREN?

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, investigates the indicators of glaucoma in children so that parents and caregivers can recognise the illness and seek treatment as soon as possible. “Glaucoma is the leading cause of preventable and irreversible blindness worldwide,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “While the condition is often associated with older adults, it can also affect children, and early detection is key to preventing vision loss.” What is Glaucoma? Glaucoma develops when the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain, is damaged. Increased pressure in the eye, known as intraocular pressure, is often the source of this damage. As a result, the patient’s vision gradually deteriorates, eventually leading to blindness if left untreated. Sadly, there is no cure for glaucoma, but early detection and treatment can help slow down or prevent vision loss. Therefore, regular eye exams are crucial, especially for those at a higher risk of developing the condition. What Are the Risk Factors of Glaucoma? Glaucoma risk factors include age, family history, high eye pressure, and certain medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. In children, glaucoma often results from an underlying medical condition or genetic disorder. Signs of Glaucoma in Children In infants and young children, glaucoma can be difficult to detect because children may not be able to communicate their symptoms. However, there are some signs that parents and caregivers can look for, including: Cloudy or enlarged eyes: One of the most common signs of glaucoma in infants is an enlargement of one or both eyes. The affected eye may also appear cloudy or hazy. Excessive tearing: Children with glaucoma may experience excessive tearing, even when they are not crying. This can be a sign of increased pressure in the eye. Sensitivity to light: Children with glaucoma may be sensitive to light, which can cause discomfort or pain. They may also squint or close their eyes in bright light. Redness in the eye: Redness in the eye can be a sign of many eye conditions, including glaucoma. If a child’s eye appears red or bloodshot, it’s essential to have it evaluated by an eye doctor. Cloudy cornea: The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped tissue at the front of the eye. The cornea may become cloudy or opaque in some cases of childhood glaucoma. Poor vision: As glaucoma progresses, it can cause vision loss. In young children, this may manifest as a lack of interest in visual stimuli, delayed development of visual skills, or difficulty tracking objects. How is Glaucoma Diagnosed and Treated? If you suspect your child may have glaucoma, it’s vital to have them evaluated by an eye doctor as soon as possible. The doctor will perform a comprehensive eye exam, which may include measuring the pressure in the eye, evaluating the optic nerve, and examining the cornea. If glaucoma is diagnosed, treatment will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of the damage to the optic nerve. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to lower the pressure in the eye. In other cases, surgery may be necessary to improve fluid flow in the eye. Prevention and Management of Glaucoma While there is no guaranteed way to prevent glaucoma, there are some steps that parents and caregivers can take to help reduce the risk of vision loss. These include: Scheduling regular eye exams for children, especially if they have a family history of eye disease or other risk factors for glaucoma. Being vigilant for signs of eye problems, such as excessive tearing, redness, or cloudiness in the eye. Encouraging children to wear protective eyewear, such as goggles or sunglasses, when participating in sports or other activities that could lead to eye injury. Ensuring that children take any medications as prescribed and attend all scheduled medical appointments. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health insurance provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our range of healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to always give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

May 9, 2023

Cellphones, social media and your child’s mental wellbeing

Smartphones and tablets are here to stay. In fact, these devices are becoming an integral part of our future and the careers our children will eventually choose. We don’t want to deprive them from participating in the digital world, but as parents, we are concerned about the impact of cell phones, social media, and their online interactions on our children’s mental wellbeing. Also, parents sometimes get stuck thinking about our children as the innocent toddlers and kids they were. The harder reality that we are faced with is that, even when we think they are ‘innocence impersonated’, they are subjected to an amount of peer-pressure and they participate in an online world that we cannot fully comprehend. Our children are exposed to an environment where they are constantly inundated with new apps, new online friends (who they have or have not met), new information and a new way of balancing their digital activity and reality. Although we believe we can relate, we still talk about their “digital” and their “real” lives. The fact is that growing up in this age, children don’t have this distinction. To them, digital is part of their real lives. Let’s sit with that for a bit… Most tweens and teenagers go through a phase of getting stuck in their minds rather than talk about everything. When they encounter events that bother them, whether in person or online, their first port of call may not be their parents. They fear that when they speak up about difficult situations and their parents try to intervene (or interfere), that the situation will get worse. This could happen when they are being bullied or cyberbullied or when they have seen content that their minds can’t really deal with at that age. They may also encounter content such as pornography or sexting that cause them to feel guilt and shame, but remaining curious to engage even more. A significant number of children who are being cyberbullied or are exposed to inappropriate content online unfortunately turn to self-harm as a coping technique. At their age, we can not expect them to have all the emotional tools to help them open up a conversation about how they are feeling and reaching out to someone who can help them. Especially when they are feeling vulnerable and afraid. Sometimes self-harm could lead to suicidal ideation, which is the most scary thought for us, as their parents. When our children are exposed to these situations, they need our help more than ever. They need advice from parents or caregivers to guide them on this journey. But for parents, not knowing when or how this happens means that we can’t protect their minds or their thoughts and unless they talk to us about it, we seldom have any way of knowing. Some parents keep a close eye on all the devices in the home, but with all our time constraints, it is so easy to miss something small that could lead to a bigger issue. Now, more than ever, we have to spend time building better and closer relationships with our children, to ensure they know that we are their safe space. We have to create a space to have conversations about the difficult topics like pornography, sexting, self-harm and bullying, to name a few. We also have to ensure that we have the information at hand to discuss actual difficult situations they encounter, rather than hypothetical scenarios. Where our guidance actively influences the content they search for, post and like on social media. Where we have the opportunity to guide them on who they accept as friends or which messages on chats they react to and more importantly, how they respond. If you are a parent who would really like to know what’s going on in your child’s online conversations, without invading their privacy, join FYI play it safe today. FYI play it safe will send you an alert when your child is exposed to potentially harmful situations. Go to www.fyiplayitsafe.com and start your 7-day free trial.

May 8, 2023

YOGA AND PILATES FOR PREGNANT MOMS

Staying active during your pregnancy is another important way of staying healthy. Not only is exercise good for you physically, but it helps relieve stress, improve sleep and boost your mood. However, being pregnant, especially later on in your pregnancy, means that you’ll need to consider what exercise you’re doing. Contact and high-risk sports are a no-no, but if you are looking for a way to stay fit, prenatal yoga and pilates could be your answer. Why yoga and pilates? Prenatal yoga and pilates can help you strengthen your body, stop excess weight gain and help prepare your body for childbirth. Both are low impact and can be adjusted to suit you and your growing baby. During your pregnancy, you may experience backache, aching legs and abdominal pain. Providing nothing serious is wrong, yoga and pilates can help alleviate pain through strengthening your body. Prenatal yoga and pilates classes are specifically tailored to expecting moms, so should be completely safe unless you are recommended otherwise. Getting ready for birth Not only can these practices help reduce stress and anxiety, but they can also help you during childbirth. The combo of stretching and strengthening your body should mean that your body is more equipped to deal with the stress of labour and birth. Strong core and pelvic will help support your spine and help you during birth. Joining prenatal yoga and pilates classes will help you connect with other expecting moms and, a professional can guide you through which poses are best for you throughout your pregnancy. Not only can yoga help you physically, but the breathing techniques you’ve learnt can help calm and focus you during labour. Is there anything I should be cautious of or avoid? Although good for you, there are still certain yoga and pilates poses and exercises that you should avoid during your pregnancy. If you are new to yoga and pilates, most studios offer prenatal classes for beginners, and, if you are practising already you can probably continue with most of your practice, just let your instructor know you’re expecting – they can help you modify your routine. Things to be cautious of are hot yoga, full inversions (poses on your head), deep twists and exercises that cause you to crunch your abdominal cavity. Your body is in constant flux as your baby develops, meaning some days you’ll feel energised whereas otherwise will leave you feeling drained. Because of this, it’s important that you are aware of how your body is feeling while practising. If you notice anything unusual or painful it’s best to chat with your doctor.

May 8, 2023

FIVE COMMON TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, explains eating disorders are severe mental health conditions that can significantly impact a person’s physical and emotional well-being. Understanding the different types of eating disorders and their symptoms is essential in recognising and seeking help for these conditions. “Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions that can significantly impact a person’s physical and emotional well-being,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “There are several eating disorders, each with unique symptoms and challenges.” Affinity Health explores five of the most common types of eating disorders. Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, despite being underweight. People with anorexia nervosa may restrict their food intake, engage in excessive exercise, and engage in other behaviours to control their weight. They may also have a distorted body image and see themselves as overweight even when dangerously thin. Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviours such as vomiting, laxative use, or excessive exercise. People with bulimia nervosa may also use other behaviours to control their weight, such as fasting or strict dieting. Binge Eating Disorder Binge eating disorder is characterised by recurrent episodes of binge eating without purging behaviours. During these episodes, people with binge eating disorder may feel out of control and eat large amounts of food even when not hungry. They may also eat secretly and feel guilty or ashamed after a binge episode. Orthorexia Nervosa Orthorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by an obsession with eating “healthy” or “pure” foods. People with orthorexia nervosa may become overly preoccupied with the quality of their food, avoiding foods they perceive as “unhealthy” or “impure.” This can lead to a restrictive and inflexible diet, resulting in nutritional deficiencies and other health problems. Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterised by persistent food intake avoidance or restriction. People with ARFID may avoid certain foods due to sensory issues, fear of choking or vomiting, or lack of interest in food. This can lead to significant weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, and other health problems. Signs And Symptoms of Eating Disorders Signs and symptoms of eating disorders can vary depending on the specific type of disorder, but there are some common signs and symptoms to look out for: Dramatic weight loss or weight gain Obsession with food and weight Preoccupation with body shape and size Distorted body image Restricted eating habits or avoidance of certain foods Binge eating or purging behaviours Excessive exercise Mood swings or irritability Social withdrawal or isolation Physical symptoms such as stomach pain, constipation, or dental problems Treatment for Eating Disorders Treatment for eating disorders typically involves a combination of medical and psychological interventions. The specific treatment plan will depend on the individual’s needs and the type and severity of the eating disorder. Medical interventions may include nutritional counselling, medication management, physical health and weight monitoring. Psychological interventions may include therapy, such as cognitive-behavioural or family-based therapy, to address underlying emotional and psychological issues contributing to the eating disorder. Support groups and self-help resources may also be helpful in the recovery process. In some cases, inpatient or residential treatment may be necessary to provide intensive support and monitoring. “It is important to seek professional help from a qualified mental health provider if you or someone you know is experiencing signs or symptoms of an eating disorder. With proper treatment and support, recovery from an eating disorder is possible,” concludes Hewlett. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading provider of health insurance, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

May 3, 2023

Preterm Labour

Although most moms pregnancies last 40 weeks (your baby will have spent 38 weeks in your uterus) sometimes birth can begin prematurely. If you go into labour anytime between week 20 and 37 is known as preterm labour. A baby delivered before this is known as miscarrige, and anytime after week 37 is considered normal. If you suspect you’re going into labour early it’s critical that you contact your doctor as quickly as possible so that they can assist you. Ideally your baby needs to stay in your uterus until full term, but even if your baby is premature (sometimes called a preemie) they can still go on to lead a healthy life. Here are the signs of preterm labour, how you can try prevent it and what to do if you think that your baby might be coming early. How to decrease your risk of preterm labour There are some things that increase your risk of going into premature labour – however, that being said, just because your risk factors are low, you aren’t guaranteed not to go into preterm labour. Firstly, throughout your pregnancy staying healthy is critical. Smoking, drinking and recreational drug use are all activities that increase your risk of preterm labour (amongst other things). Good nutrition and prenatal care is a key aspect of a healthy pregnancy and baby. Other risk factors include, having more than one baby in your uterus, short intervals between pregnancies and having had another baby preterm. There are certain infections and chronic conditions that can also contribute to preterm labour. Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, depression, chronic kidney or heart disease or infections can all lead to preterm labour and birth. Signs and symptoms that you may be experiencing preterm labour Controlling what you can, keeping a healthy pregnancy lifestyle and maintaining good prenatal care are not guarantees for your baby’s timely arrival. However, spotting preterm labour early means that you’ll be able to receive treatment as quickly as possible. Backache and pressure in your lower belly (almost as if your baby is pushing down) as well as bell cramps and contractions are all signs of premature labour. These contractions are different to Braxton Hicks contractions as they are regular. Other signs include a change in your vaginal discharge to watery or bloody, or even experiencing a gush of fluid from your vagina. What happens if I go into preterm labour? If you suspect preterm labour let your doctor know right away. Once you have alerted your doctor they’ll give you medication to stop the birth or slow down your labour. How close you are to your due date will impact on how they decide to treat you. You may be given medication to slow or stop your contractions, as well as medication that will help your babies lungs mature and grow, as if they are born preterm they may not work on their own. If your baby is born preterm it is likely they’ll need special care from the hospital as they are at higher risk of health complications. However, even if your baby is preemie they can still go on to live a healthy life.

May 2, 2023

How Probiotics Can Help Reduce Airway Swelling In Children With Allergic Asthma

Allergic asthma in children is a common condition, but don’t let it dampen your child’s spirits! With the right treatment and management plan that includes medications, lifestyle changes, and probiotics, your little one can continue to play, run, and enjoy life to the fullest. Probiotics, the “good” bacteria found in fermented foods and supplements, may help reduce the symptoms of allergic asthma in children. Studies suggest that probiotics can resolve inflammatory events, which may lead to a decrease in asthma symptoms and fewer asthma attacks,1 so your child can breathe easily and live life to the max! What is allergic asthma? Allergic asthma is a kind of asthma caused by allergens such as dust mites, mould, pet dander, and pollen.2a When a child who suffers from allergic asthma is exposed to an allergen, the airways in their body become irritated and restricted, making it harder for the child to breathe.2b This inflammation can also contribute to increased mucus production as well as swelling of the airways, both of which further exacerbate the symptoms.2c What are probiotics? Probiotics are living bacteria that are identical to the helpful microbes found in the human gastrointestinal tract. When consumed in sufficient amounts, they can positively impact health.3 An ever-growing body of research suggests that probiotics may help in the microbiome alterations associated with asthma, thereby avoiding or lowering the severity of this respiratory ailment.4 How can probiotics help allergic asthma? Probiotics have been shown to rebalance immune response, repair dysbiosis, and mitigate airway inflammation, reducing airway inflammation and swelling in children with allergic asthma.5 Probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium infantis (a “friendly” strain of bacteria), may also improve the effectiveness of asthma medication and reduce the need to use rescue inhalers.6 Probiotics are considered generally safe for children, although it is essential to note that some children may be allergic to certain strains of probiotics.7 It is also important to note that probiotics are not a substitute for conventional asthma treatment and should be used in conjunction with regular asthma medication. If you are considering giving your child probiotics for their allergic asthma, it is crucial to speak with your paediatrician first. They can help you determine which probiotic strains are most likely to be beneficial for your child and advise you on the appropriate dosage. How Reuterina® junior and Reuterina® Vit D can help your child Reuterina® offers a wide range of products for people of all ages, including Reuterina® junior8 and Reuterina® Vit D9. Reuterina junior ® helps restore and maintain a healthy balance of intestinal flora in children, thereby improving the function thereof.10 Reuterina junior ® is an effective therapy to help decrease the incidence of airway infections in children and reduce the number of absent days from school.11 Reuterina® Vit D drops balance gut flora and build healthy immunity.12 L.reuteri Protectis® has immunomodulatory effects and prevents pathogens from multiplying in the gut. Combined with immune-strengthening Vitamin D, it can provide protection from infections and contribute to better overall well-being.13 The Reuterina® family of probiotics are available from selected Dis-Chem and Clicks stores and independent pharmacies nationwide. For more information, visit: https://reuterina.co.za/ and join the conversations on Instagram and Facebook. References and product legals available on request. | 025 ZA Reut 022023

May 2, 2023

Top Tips for new moms getting the nutrients they need when breastfeeding

When your baby relies on you and your precious breast milk to provide the essential nutrients they need to help them grow and give them the best start in life, it is crucial you are eating healthily. Finding the time and the energy to eat properly when you have a new baby to care for can be challenging, so here are a few helpful tips:

April 28, 2023

Why vitamin D matters for babies, tots and mothers

When asked what the most important vitamin to promote a healthy immune system is, most people will automatically say vitamin C. Praised for decades for its ability to help fight colds and flus, develop and repair tissue, heal wounds and maintain healthy bones, cartilage and teeth, this powerhouse vitamin takes centre stage in every supplement aisle. If you were told you could take only one supplement for the rest of your life, we can almost guarantee that the majority of people would choose vitamin C. For decades, we have relied on it almost solely to improve our health.

April 25, 2023

How to practice good oral hygiene with braces

Braces are the answer to a number of dental concerns: They are worn to straighten teeth for aesthetic reasons, to fix bite issues, to correct over-or under-bites, to help solve speech impediments and fix issues like overcrowded or spacing issues. Whether worn for cosmetic or structural issues, braces may take some getting used to and you will have to adapt your daily oral hygiene routine to ensure you keep them clean. Practicing good oral hygiene is essential at every stage of your life, not only to keep your teeth looking their best, but also to avoid the formation of plaque, cavities and gum disease. You should brush your teeth twice a day, floss daily and visit your dentist for a check-up every six months. When you have braces, you need to step up your regime and be even more diligent about your daily dental hygiene practices. It may take a little longer to brush and floss with braces, but the extra effort is well worth it – when your braces come off, you’ll have a beautiful, healthy smile. Your oral hygiene routine won’t change much when you get braces – you’ll still need to brush and floss, however, you’ll have to adapt your technique. Braces are a little more difficult to keep clean as there are plenty of little nooks and crannies for food to get stuck in. Brushing and flossing correctly will ensure all food and bacteria is removed. Be sure to do both thoroughly, even if it becomes a little time-consuming. Brushing It is inevitable that some food may get stuck in your braces when you eat. That is why it is important to increase the number of times you brush from twice per day, to after every meal. This will ensure that food particles are removed promptly, helping avoid the formation of plaque and bad breath. If you find yourself in a situation where brushing after a meal isn’t possible, rinse your mouth thoroughly with some water to remove food particles that may have collected in or on the braces. Whether you use an electric or manual toothbrush is entirely up to you. Start with your top teeth. Hold your toothbrush at a 45 degree angle against the top of your braces, and gently brush in small circular movements. Brush the inside of your top teeth and repeat the process on your bottom teeth. Flossing Flossing is the only way to clean between the teeth and along the gum line. An easy and effective way to remove plaque around dental braces and improve gum health is to use a Waterpik® Water Flosser. It is clinically proven more effective than dental floss for people with braces, plus it’s a lot easier to use too. Water flossing is fast and easy and leaves your mouth feeling great – cleaner teeth, healthier gums. Its patented pulsating action removes plaque and debris from hard-to-reach areas deep between teeth and below the gum line where traditional brushing and flossing can’t reach. This makes the Waterpik® water flosser ideal for implants and essential for braces for superior plaque removal. How does it work? For best results, use a Waterpik® Water Flosser with the Orthodontic Tip. The Waterpik® WP-450 Cordless Plus Water Flosser (R1399.00) is a compact and practical choice and can be used with Waterpik® Orthodontic Tips (R179.00), which are designed to remove hard-to-reach plaque around orthodontic brackets and wires. Fill the Water Flosser reservoir with lukewarm water and place it firmly on the base. Insert the flosser tip and click into the handle. Adjust the pressure control (start at low pressure), lean over the sink, and place tip in your mouth. Turn the unit on. Starting with the back teeth, aim the tip at the gum line. Pause and lightly brush the area between the teeth and all around the orthodontic bracket or appliance. Proceed to the next tooth until all teeth in the top and bottom rows have been cleaned. Quick, easy and effective, a Waterpik® Water Flosser is the only way to thoroughly floss when you have braces. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices will ensure your teeth are sparkling and healthy when your braces come off. Invest the time today, and enjoy beautiful teeth tomorrow. About Waterpik® Brushing is not enough, use a water flosser supplied by WaterPik®. Clinical research has shown that the Waterpik® Water Flosser is a more effective way to floss. Water flossing is fast and easy and leaves your mouth feeling great – cleaner teeth, healthier gums. Best of all, it only takes a minute a day before brushing. The easy and more effective way to floss!™ Its patented pulsating action removes plaque and debris from hard-to-reach areas deep between teeth and below the gum line where traditional brushing and flossing can’t reach. This makes the Waterpik® water flosser ideal for implants and essential for braces for superior plaque removal. Learn more at https://waterpikflosser.co.za/ Follow WaterPik® on social media: Instagram: @waterpiksouthafrica Facebook: Waterpik Southern Africa

April 21, 2023

WHAT IS ALTERED MENTAL STATE?

According to Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, an altered mental state can be caused by various factors, including psychological and physiological conditions and substance use. “An altered mental state, also known as an altered state of consciousness, is a change in an individual’s cognitive or emotional functioning,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “It is important for individuals to be aware of the potential risks and dangers associated with altered mental states, as they can have serious consequences for both the individual and those around them.” Several types of altered mental states can be experienced. These include: Delirium: This is a severe disturbance in an individual’s mental abilities, often characterised by confusion, disorientation, and impaired consciousness. Various factors, including medications, infections, and underlying medical conditions1, can cause delirium. Dementia: This is a decline in an individual’s cognitive abilities, including memory, language, and problem-solving skills. Dementia is often associated with ageing but can also be caused by other factors such as head injury or chronic substance abuse. Psychosis: This is a mental health condition characterised by delusions, hallucinations, and other abnormal thought patterns. Psychosis can be caused by various factors, including mental illness, substance abuse, and certain medical conditions. Coma: This is a state of unconsciousness in which an individual is unresponsive to their surroundings and cannot be awakened. Coma can be caused by various factors, including head injury, stroke, and substance abuse. Trance: This is a state of altered consciousness in which an individual is highly focused and may experience altered perception or dissociation. Trance can be induced through various methods, including meditation, hypnosis, and certain substances. Substance use: Substance use is a common cause of altered mental states. Alcohol and drugs, including prescription and illicit substances, can have a range of effects on an individual’s cognitive functioning. These effects can vary depending on the substance, the individual’s tolerance, and the amount consumed. Individuals must be aware of the potential risks of substance use and altered mental states. Substance abuse can lead to various negative consequences, including addiction, physical and mental health problems, and impaired judgment and decision-making. Signs Of An Altered Mental State Individuals experiencing an altered mental state may exhibit a range of symptoms, including: Confusion and disorientation Delusions and hallucinations Changes in behaviour and mood Impaired judgment and decision-making Difficulty communicating Where And How To Get Help If you or someone you know is experiencing an altered mental state, it is crucial to seek medical attention as soon as possible. This can help ensure that the individual receives the appropriate care and treatment to address the underlying cause of the altered mental state. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance abuse, resources are available to help. These include therapy, support groups, and rehabilitation programs. It is essential to seek help as soon as possible to address the issue and prevent further negative consequences. “An altered mental state is a change in an individual’s cognitive or emotional functioning that a variety of factors can cause. It is important for individuals to be aware of the potential risks and dangers associated with altered mental states and to seek help if they or someone they know is experiencing an altered mental state or struggling with substance abuse,” concludes Hewlett.

April 21, 2023

ARE ESSENTIAL OILS SAFE FOR CHILDREN?

South Africa has joined the new oil boom and you can now readily find doTERRA and Young Living essential oils on our shores. With all the apparent “positive” effects these oils are having and especially since I am seeing so many parents use these oils on their children, I decided to do a little research, because for me, it’s all in the evidence.

April 21, 2023

Panado® Paediatric Syrup Sachets: Your Reliable Solution for Pain and Fever Relief On-The-Go, this Winter

Childhood illnesses, particularly in the Winter months as children are more susceptible to runny noses, colds and flu, can strike at the most unexpected and inconvenient moments, causing pain and discomfort for children. However, with Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint 5 ml Sachets on hand, parents can now enjoy peace of mind knowing they have a trusty solution for childhood pain and fever. Panado® provides trusted pain and fever relief, making this Winter so much easier for you and your family to navigate. Whether you’re rushing through a crowded supermarket, attending your child’s soccer game, or travelling with your family, these sachets which can fit easily into a handbag or nappy bag, are the ultimate companion, to keep close. They are convenient, ensuring that your child can get quick relief – anytime, anywhere. As busy parents, we understand the demands of a hectic schedule. Between school runs, work, and household chores, there’s hardly any time to slow down. With Panado® Paediatric Syrup Sachets, you can take comfort this Winter, in knowing that if pain or fever strikes and you’re not at home, you’re always prepared. Don’t Let Winter Illnesses Catch You Off Guard Winter illnesses, such as bronchiolitis, influenza, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and the common cold can be more challenging for parents of babies and young children, who are more vulnerable when it comes to typical winter ailments.1a Parents and caregivers tend to think that an antibiotic will solve the problem. However, antibiotics are only effective in treating bacteria and not viruses.1b Did you know that the common cold is the main reason that children miss school?2a This viral infection causes symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, scratchy throat, sneezing and may also include a fever, decreased appetite, headaches, and body aches.2b Unfortunately, children are particularly susceptible to the common cold and can contract it from other children, especially in school or day-care settings where it can spread quickly. Although the common cold can occur at any time of the year, it is most prevalent during winter or rainy seasons. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through tiny air droplets released when an infected individual sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose.2c Keep Your Child Comfortable And Pain-Free During Long Journeys Long flights, car rides, and train journeys can be taxing on children. Regrettably, airplane travel may be a headache generator, especially for pint-sized passengers. Airplane Headache (AH) is exclusively related to airplane travels, and although may occur at any time during a flight; there is a higher incidence during the take-off and landing phase.3 Headaches can also arise due to motion sickness from riding in cars and can also make your child miserable. Symptoms such as nausea, dizziness and headache are common to motion sickness.4 When it comes to travelling with kids, Panado® Paediatric Syrup Sachets are a game-changer. Panado® Paediatric Syrup Sachets can be used for pain and fever relief in children. The active ingredient is paracetamol, which is known to be safe for use in infants and children and is included in the List of Essential Medicines for Children of the World Health Organization.5 Don’t let childhood pain and fever catch you off guard – stock up on Panado® Paediatric Syrup Sachets and stay prepared for anything – anywhere, anytime! Other Panado® Products Suitable For Your Child In addition to Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint 5 ml Sachets, Panado®’s range for children includes Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Strawberry (50 ml | 100 ml),6 Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint Alcohol and Sugar-Free (50 ml | 100 ml),7 and Panado® Infant Drops 20 ml.8 Always administer using a medicine measure or a syringe. Do not exceed the recommended dose. Dosage details can be found at https://panado.co.za/dosage-calculator/ and are calculated according to your child’s age and weight. Add in your child’s age and weight, and our calculator will automatically calculate how much paracetamol you should give your child, and which product is best suited for your child. Make pain and fever care easy by shopping for Panado® products from independent pharmacies and selected Clicks, Dis-Chem, and Pick ‘n Pay stores. For more information, visit https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. 2023040410269535 References: Medical Academy. Winter illnesses and children: when to be concerned? Available from: https://www.medicalacademic.co.za/winter-ailments/winter-illnesses-and-children-when-to-be-concerned/. Last accessed 27 March 2023. Penn Medicine. Common Cold. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/common-cold. Last accessed 27 March 2023. Headache classification committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2013) The International classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia 33:629–808. Available from: https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-016-0628-7. Last accessed 27 March 2023. Cuomo-Granston A, Drummond PD. Migraine and motion sickness: what is the link? Prog Neurobiol. 2010 Aug;91(4):300-12. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.04.001. Epub 2010 Apr 21. PMID: 20416353. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20416353/. Last accessed 27 March 2023. de Martino M, Chiarugi A. Recent Advances in Pediatric Use of Oral Paracetamol in Fever and Pain Management. Pain Ther. 2015;4(2):149-168. doi:10.1007/s40122-015-0040-z. Available from : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4676765/. Last accessed 27 March 2023. Panado® Paediatric Syrup Strawberry (Syrup). Approved package insert, March 2002. Panado® Paediatric Syrup. Approved package insert, April 2010. Panado® Infant Drops (Drops). Approved package insert, August 1990.

April 21, 2023

Roll up your sleeve – it’s time for the flu vaccination

The days are getting shorter and the nights longer which means winter is on its way … and with the change in season comes the start of ‘flu season’. Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund, provides some important information about flu and why a flu vaccine is highly recommended. He says it’s important to take extra precautions as we head into winter. ‘Understanding how to protect yourself and your loved ones this flu season, will make a difference in staying as healthy as possible’. What is Influenza? According to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NCID) influenza or ‘flu’ is an acute viral respiratory infection, transmitted by the influenza virus. This virus has three main types A, B and C. The currently circulating seasonal viruses are A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2) and influenza B viruses. The flu viruses are typically in circulation in the winter months in South Africa with an average start of the first week of June. Why vaccinate? Although the flu vaccine will not completely eliminate your risk of developing the flu, it will help reduce your risk of developing a severe infection and recover faster. Annually, seasonal flu kills between 6 000 and 11 000 people in South Africa, which is they having the flu vaccine is a good precautionary measure. Do I need a flu shot every year? The short answer is yes. The flu virus mutates and changes which means last year’s vaccine will not keep you safe this year. The flu vaccines for 2023 are: Vaxigrip Tetra and Influvac Tetra, both available as a single dose 0.5ml shot. The vaccine helps produce antibodies and boost your immune system to fight off the virus. It’s best to vaccinate in April or May, before the start of flu season. Flu vaccinations are available at most pharmacies and the costs are generally covered by medicals schemes. Who should get a flu vaccine? It is recommended that anyone in the high-risk groups should have a flu shot – these include: Healthcare workers Individuals over 65 years of age People with cardiovascular disease, including chronic heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, chronic renal disease and chronic lung disease (including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Pregnant women People living with HIV/AIDS Who should NOT have the flu vaccine? Individuals who are allergic to eggs or egg proteins as the manufacturing process involves the use of chicken eggs Infants under 6 months of age – the vaccines are not licensed for use in such young children Individuals who may have had a severe reaction to a flu vaccine in the past – if you are unsure discuss with your healthcare provider Individuals who may be suffering from flu symptoms already Can the flu shot give me a mild flu? According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), no, the flu shot cannot cause flu. Vaccines are currently made either with flu vaccine viruses that have been ‘inactivated’ and are not infectious or with no flu vaccine viruses at all. However, you might experience some common side-effects from the vaccine such as are soreness, redness, tenderness or swelling where the shot was given. Serious allergic reactions to flu vaccines are very rare. Are Covid-19 and flu viruses similar? The World Health Organization (WHO) says that Covid-19 and influenza viruses are similar in disease presentation, mainly because both cause respiratory disease, which presents a wide range of illness from asymptomatic or mild through to severe disease and death. In addition, both viruses are transmitted by contact, droplets and any material that can carry infection. As a result, the same public health measures such as hand hygiene and social distancing is recommended to avoid contracting flu or when you have flu. Am I able to get the flu vaccine and a Covid-19 vaccine or booster shot together? Yes, however, it is recommended that if you decide to have both vaccines at the same time, one should be on the left arm and the other on the right. ‘The flu virus can spread very quickly,’ explains Dr Mkhatshwa. ‘Even if the flu vaccine might not prevent you getting flu, it will reduce your risk and, if you do get it, it will be a great deal milder. ‘More importantly, by having the flu vaccine you protect others, who may be vulnerable family members, small babies, the elderly or those who are immune compromised.’

April 20, 2023

Choosing the right humidifier for your child

Now that winter is coming, it’s a good idea to invest in a good humidifier if you don’t already have one. In this post I highlight the benefits of these machines and discuss the differences between cool and warm mist humidifiers. What are the benefits of a humidifier? During the cold winter months the air becomes dry. This causes our skin and airways to dry out as we lose more water from our skins through osmosis. Humidifiers work by adding moisture back into the air to increase the humidity. This can help relieve dry skin and cracked lips, dry nasal passages and associated nose bleeds, dry and sore throats as well as snoring. Humidifiers also help alleviate congestion by loosening up mucus secretions. Humidifiers also help prevent the spread of airborne viruses, which is especially helpful in winter. A higher humidity prevents the movement of germs because when they combine with water droplets they become heavier causing them to fall to the ground. Humidifiers are not only beneficial in winter but also in summer as air conditioners can also make the air dry. Use during spring and autumn can also help alleviate the symptoms of allergies because moisture will soothe nasal passages as well as dry itchy eyes. Warm versus cool mist? Warm mist humidifiers are evaporative. They heat up the water to create warm steam or mist, which can warm up a room. However by the time the vapour reaches the airways it will be room temperature. Since these humidifiers warm up the water, they have the advantage of helping to destroy any bacteria present in the water so that the water vapour being dispersed into the air is clean. Regardless of this, warm humidifiers are not recommended for use in children’s bedrooms or in areas where they can get a hold of them because children can burn themselves. There are two different types of cool humidifiers – ultrasonic and evaporative ones. Both types are often advertised as “cool mist”. The evaporative ones evaporate the water without heating it up whereas the ultrasonic ones disperse water droplets instead of water vapour. The problem with this is that water droplets are larger and able to carry other substances present in the water with them whereas water vapour cannot. However, ultrasonic humidifiers are quieter and also more energy efficient. What are the risks of a humidifier? There are some people who don’t advocate the use of a humidifier because of the negative effects it can have on your health but these effects are mostly due to improper cleaning of your device. Whenever water is allowed to sit, there is a chance of bacteria and mold growing. I spoke briefly about ultrasonic humidifiers and how they not only propel water into the air but everything else that is in the water. This means that whatever has grown in the water will be dispersed into the air, which can cause health problems. You will also get a buildup of minerals from the water if your machine is not cleaned properly and similarly these will also be dispersed into the air and fall as white dust. This dust is not necessarily harmful but it can irritate the airways of children and those with respiratory problems. If this is a risk it’s better to use distilled water in the tank, which is mineral free. It is also possible to put too much moisture into the air, which can lead to the growth of mould inside your home. If you notice water drops on the windows or windowsills you will have to use the humidifier less often. You could invest in a hygrometer to monitor the humidity, which should never be more than 50% inside your home. What about an air purifier? An air purifier is not the same thing as a humidifier. Purifiers clear the air of allergens and dust and can also reduce mold, which can be really helpful for asthma sufferers. It is possible to use both a humidifier and an air purifier in the same room because they both have a different purpose. Which humidifier you choose is really a matter of personal preference (if there is no danger of a child burning him or herself). The most important thing is that you keep your humidifier VERY clean. This is especially important with the ultrasonic humidifiers. Regular and thorough cleaning will prevent mineral buildup, growth of bacteria and mould and also keep your machine working optimally. I also wouldn’t rely on various claims made by manufacturers about the product being able to prevent bacterial buildup. The bottom line is that you need to clean your humidifier every day.

April 19, 2023

Why fiber is essential to every diet

Whether it was in an advert, through a doctor, via a pharmacist or in a book, by now you would have heard that fibre is one of the most important nutrients we need in our diets. A lack of fibre can lead to a host of digestive (and other) problems, so it’s important to ensure you get your daily required amount. But did you know that fibre is not just essential for adults? Children, toddlers and babies are extremely reliant on it, as it keeps their bowel movements regular. Let’s take a look at what exactly fibre is, and why it’s so good for you, at every stage of your life. Dietary fibre comes from plants: think fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, beans, nuts and seeds. Diets higher in fibre can help lower cholesterol, control blood sugar, maintain bowel health, manage constipation and help promote a healthy weight. In fact, in epidemiological studies, populations with higher dietary fibre intakes tend to have lower chronic disease rates overall. A higher fibre intake provided by foods like fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole- and high-fibre grain products is likely to be lower in calories, fat and added sugar. There are two categories of dietary fibre: soluble and insoluble. Most plant foods contain both types. Soluble fibre dissolves in liquid and forms a gel in our stomachs, so it can bind fats and can help reduce cholesterol. It can also slow down the absorption of sugars, helping normalise blood sugar. Good sources include oat bran, barley, peas and beans, nuts, seeds, and most fruits and vegetables. In addition to oat bran, psyllium husks and chia seeds are especially high in soluble fibre—if you’ve ever stirred them into a liquid, you know just how gelatinous they get! Insoluble fibre, on the other hand, doesn’t dissolve in liquid but will actually absorb liquid, so it adds bulk to stool and helps keep digestive waste moving along. Good sources include wheat bran, whole grains, nuts, beans and vegetables. Both soluble and insoluble fibre are considered together in dietary fibre recommendations. Your daily recommendations for adequate intake of dietary fibre vary by age, gender and life stage. While these recommendations apply to most people, if you have certain digestive or bowel disorders (either acute or chronic), your healthcare provider might have asked you to reduce the amount of fibre in your diet. Children 1 – 3 years require 19 g Children 4 – 8 years require 25 g Girls 9 – 13 years require 26 g Boys 9 – 13 years require 31 g Adolescent girls 14 – 18 years require 26 g Women 19 – 30 years require 25 g Men 19 – 30 years require 38 g Women 31 – 50 years require 25 g Men 31 – 50 years require 38 g Women 50 – 70+ years require 21 g Men 50 – 70+ years require 30 g Pregnant women require 28 g Note that the fibre requirements for babies under 1 year are not well studied. Fibre is particularly important during pregnancy and postpartum when constipation can be a common complaint. In addition to dietary sources, fibre supplementation may be very useful. What can you expect from a diet high in fibre? Normal and healthy bowel movements Dietary fibre increases the weight of the stool while also softening it. This makes it easier to pass, and lessens the chances of constipation. Fibre may help solidify loose stools because it absorbs water. Having enough of it in your diet will keep you “regular” and ensure healthy bowel movements. It also aids the long-term health of the colon. A high fibre diet reduces the risk of developing colorectal cancer and also lowers the risk of haemorrhoids. It helps maintain a healthy weight Foods that are high in fibre are usually healthier food options as they are whole foods and fresh foods. They are unrefined and unprocessed, and usually free from added sugars, salts and preservatives. High fibre foods are more filling than low fibre foods, which means you’ll eat less calories, but stay fuller for longer. A great example of this is bread. Have you ever noticed how a slice of high fibre, low-GI bread keeps you feeling fuller for much longer than a slice of refined white bread? It maintains healthy cholesterol Certain soluble fibre foods help lower the body’s total blood cholesterol levels by lowering low-density lipoprotein, also known as “bad” cholesterol levels. These foods include oat bran, flaxseed, oats and beans. Fibre aids a healthy heart too by reducing blood pressure and inflammation. It lowers blood sugar levels Those with diabetes will be happy to learn that eating lots of high fibre foods (particularly soluble fibre) can help slow down the body’s absorption of sugar and improve blood sugar levels. A diet high in insoluble fibre may also help prevent the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It improves your overall health There are so many studies showing that a high fibre diet contributes to overall better health and a longer life. Not only does it help reduce fatality from cardiovascular disease but it also protects from cancer. Why is fibre so important for babies and tots? Just like adults and children, babies and tots are at risk of developing constipation if they do not consume enough fibre. Babies that are exclusively breast-fed do not generally have a problem with constipation, as breastmilk provides adequate fluids to aid the digestive system. However, once solid foods are introduced at around six months, parents should ensure their baby drinks enough water to aid digestion, and should transition them to high fibre foods as soon as possible. Fruit and vegetables are a great place to start. As soon as baby starts weaning, it is crucial to increase their water intake. To make this easier, always offer water as a first choice for quenching their thirst. Make it more enticing by offering them water in playful and colourful sippy cups, or add in a piece of cucumber,

April 19, 2023

IS FASTING GOOD FOR YOUR BODY?

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, explains that while fasting can have numerous health benefits for the body, it may only be appropriate for some. What Is Fasting? Fasting has been around for centuries and is a tradition in many cultures and religions. It involves abstaining from food or certain foods for a certain period. It can range from short-term, intermittent fasts lasting a few hours to longer, multi-day fasts. “Fasting is done in different ways, such as intermittent fasting, alternate-day fasting, time-restricted eating, water fasting, juice fasting, dry fasting, and religious fasting says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “It is, however, important to note that while fasting can have numerous health benefits, it is not appropriate for everyone and should be discussed with a doctor before starting.” What Are the Health Benefits of Fasting? Recent scientific studies have shown that fasting can have numerous health benefits for the body. One of the most well-known benefits of fasting is weight loss. When the body is in a fasted state, it begins to burn stored fat for energy instead of glucose from food. This can lead to a reduction in body fat and weight loss. Fasting can also improve insulin sensitivity, which is essential for managing diabetes and preventing the development of metabolic diseases. Fasting has also been shown to reduce inflammation in the body. Inflammation contributes to many chronic diseases, including heart disease and cancer. Fasting can reduce inflammation by stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory molecules in the body. Fasting has also improved brain function, including memory and cognitive performance. This is thought to be due to the production of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein, which helps promote brain cells’ growth and survival. Finally, fasting has been shown to increase longevity. Studies have found that calorie restriction, a form of fasting, can increase the lifespan of animals. The same may be true for humans, and more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this effect. Different Types of Fasting There are several different types of fasting, each with its unique guidelines and benefits. Intermittent Fasting: This type of fasting involves eating during a specific window and fasting outside that window. One popular strategy is the 16/8 approach, in which you fast for 16 hours and eat within an eight-hour window. The 5:2 diet is another common strategy: eating for five days and restricting calories to 500-600 for two non-consecutive days. Weight loss, insulin sensitivity, and longevity have all been proven to benefit from intermittent fasting. Alternate-day Fasting: This type of fasting entails alternating between regular eating days and calorie-restricted days. You could regularly eat one day and then consume only 500-600 calories the following. Fasting on alternate days has been found to aid weight loss and enhance insulin sensitivity. Time-restricted Eating: This type of fasting involves restricting the hours of the day you eat. For example, you may only eat between 12 PM and 8 PM and fast for the remaining 16 hours. Time-restricted eating has been demonstrated to aid in weight loss, insulin sensitivity, and longevity. Water Fasting: This type of fasting involves consuming only water for a specific period. This can last anywhere from 24 hours to several days. Water fasting has been demonstrated to provide various health benefits, including weight loss, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased inflammation. Juice Fasting: This fasting involves consuming only juice for a specific period. This can last anywhere from 24 hours to several days. Juice fasting can help detox the body, improve digestion, and boost the immune system. Dry Fasting: This fasting involves abstaining from food and water for a specific period. This can last anywhere from 24 hours to several days. Religious Fasting: Many religions have fasting as a traditional practice, such as Ramadan in Islam, Lent in Christianity, and Yom Kippur in Judaism. The fasting periods and rules may vary, but it is often a period of spiritual reflection and self-discipline. In Conclusion, while research suggests fasting is good for your health, it’s important to remember that it may not be the right choice for everyone. “Before fasting, anyone with specific medical disorders, such as diabetes, insomnia, digestive issues, a weakened immune system, or cancer, should see their doctor. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also avoid fasting, as it can harm the developing foetus or baby,” says Hewlett. “Individuals with a history of eating disorders or disordered eating patterns should also avoid fasting, as it can trigger unhealthy behaviours. Additionally, fasting can be difficult for people who have difficulty sticking to strict guidelines or have difficulty feeling full on just water and juice. If you have doubts or concerns about whether fasting is right for you, it is best to speak with a healthcare professional beginning your fast.”

April 19, 2023

Child drownings are not seasonal and are almost always preventable

Child drownings happen year-round and PowerPlastics Pool Covers is on a drive to remind parents that these drownings are entirely preventable with multiple layers of safety applied to the pool. The PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover and adult supervision at all times should be included in these layers of safety at all times. The PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover offers parental peace of mind as it completely seals off the entire pool. The PVC cover is drawn over strong aluminium batons that rest on the coping, and a tamperproof ratchet fastening system makes it impossible for a small child to access the water. Small drainage holes prevent rain or sprinkler water from collecting on the cover as just a few millimetres of water can be fatal to a curious child. The cover withstands up to 220kg and is easily deployed by two people, or it can be semi-automated for single person usage. The PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover is available in a range of colours, allowing it to blend into the outdoor area. Importantly, the cover complies with the recommended guidelines (SANS 10134) for pool safety, set by the SABS who oversees pool safety compliance in SA. Thermal pool covers or ‘bubble’ covers that lie directly on the water should never be considered as child safety pool covers as they do not bear weight. Aside from covering the pool, every adult in the home needs to know what a drowning in progress actually looks like as TV has created many misconceptions around this. There is no noise or splashing nor calls for help. Drowning is quick and silent. Even if one doesn’t have children, it is still necessary to consider safety for visitors. Families living in residential complexes with a communal pool should insist that their body corporate install a solid safety pool cover. PowerPlastics Pool Covers has also created a Safety Monitor system. Based on the principle that adult supervision is key to avoiding drownings, it allows children to quickly identify the adult in charge should there be a safety issue among the children in the pool. When there’s a larger number of children in the pool, e.g at pool parties, it is advisable to have two or more supervisors each wearing a tag. A busy pool is high risk. You can download it here and print at home. Laminate it if possible (to prevent water damage) and then add a lanyard or tie it on a loop of string and wear around the neck. The bottom line is that children need to be supervised around pools, and as long as the pool is covered and other layers of safety are in place, the likelihood of a tragedy occurring in your pool is greatly reduced. Practical tips for pool safety Don’t let your pool’s water levels drop. Keeping the pool topped up allows for small arms to easily grab the edge if needed. For every two children in the pool, have one adult supervising and use the Saefty Monitor tag system. The more children, the more supervisors needed. Be aware that children’s pool parties are high-risk events. Turn off fountains and water features. Not only do they waste water and power, they can cause ripples and splashing, making it harder to see when a child has encountered difficulty in the pool or has sunk to the bottom. Ensure that every adult in the home knows CPR, including domestic workers. Never hire a baby sitter or au pair who can’t swim. Don’t let anyone who has been drinking or on sedative medication supervise children in a pool. Don’t leave toys in or near an open pool as children will be tempted to retrieve them. Teach your child to swim fully clothed and with shoes on. If your child develops a fear of water, don’t ignore this – a child who panics is at greater risk of drowning. Never allow swimming after dark. Discourage your dogs from swimming. Children and pets in a pool are not a good mix. Never leave the pool without securing it with your PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover. Never design / build a pool that cannot be secured for child safety. The Vektor Rollup Station brings semi-automation to the PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover. Learn more.

April 18, 2023

The Link Between Eczema and Gut Health – Three Tips To Help Soothe Your Child’s Skin

If your child struggles with eczema, you know too well the symptoms of itching, swelling, dryness, and discomfort that interfere with everything from missed school to anxiety and limited physical activity. What is eczema? Eczema is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin and affects up to 30% of children.1 Recent research has shown a link between eczema and gut health.2a Here are three tips to soothe your child’s eczema-prone skin and improve their gut health: #1 Incorporate probiotics into your child’s diet:Studies have shown that probiotics can help improve the balance of bacteria in the gut, which can, in turn, reduce eczema symptoms. 2b Reuterina® drops3 is clinically validated in babies and children and shown to improve a variety of health conditions. #2 Avoid high-sugar foods:High-sugar foods can upset the balance of bacteria in the gut, exacerbating eczema symptoms.4 Instead, focus on whole, nutrient-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. #3 Keep your child’s skin hydrated:Dry skin can worsen eczema symptoms, so it’s essential to keep your child’s skin moisturised.5 The Reuterina® family of probiotics are available from selected Dis-Chem and Clicks stores and independent pharmacies nationwide. For more information, visit: https://reuterina.co.za/ and join the conversations on Instagram and Facebook. Ascendis Pharma (Pty) Ltd. Co Reg No. 2002/001567/07 | Customer Care: +27 11 036 9600 | 022 ZA Reut 022023

April 14, 2023

WHAT ARE THE SIX MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS?

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, explores the six major characteristics of addictive behaviours and their impact on individuals and society. What Is Addictive Behaviour? Addictive behaviour is a serious and complex phenomenon characterised by a persistent pattern of substance use or engagement in activities that can lead to significant harm to oneself or others. What Are Common Behavioural Addictions? Addiction can manifest itself in a variety of ways. Generally, physical symptoms are required for someone to be diagnosed with an addiction disorder. However, behavioural addiction occurs without the physical issues faced by people who compulsively engage in drug and alcohol abuse. “Unfortunately, those living with behavioural addictions, like all others who struggle with addiction, cannot cease engaging in the behaviour for any length of time without therapy and assistance,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. Common behaviour addictions include: Sex and love addictions Shopping addiction Gambling addiction Compulsive Internet use Excessive video gaming Food addiction (binge eating) Exercise addiction Addiction to plastic surgery Addiction to thrill-seeking activities Significant Characteristics of Addictive Behaviours While there are various characteristics of addictive behaviours, Affinity Highlights six main traits. Compulsion As mentioned, addictive behaviour is characterised by a strong desire or need to engage in the behaviour despite adverse consequences. Individuals may feel compelled to continue engaging in activities even when it harms their health, relationships, or job performance. This compulsive behaviour is one of the critical characteristics of addiction. Loss of Control An individual with addictive behaviour, often feels like they cannot control themselves. This loss of control can lead to an inability to stop engaging in the behaviour despite the negative consequences. Denial, Deception, Dishonesty, And Deflection Those with a behavioural addiction often go to considerable lengths to ensure family, friends, and co-workers are kept in the dark about their condition. Usually, this involves lying, keeping secrets, hiding phone conversations and text messages, avoiding direct responses or being defensive when questioned. Moreover, they lie about their whereabouts, activities, or who they’ve been with. Withdrawal When individuals with addictive behaviour stop using substances, they experience withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, they’re prone to physical symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, tremors, or seizures. This can make it difficult for them to stop and contributes to the cycle of addiction. Negative Social Impact Addictive behaviour can significantly negatively impact an individual’s social well-being. It can strain relationships, cause financial problems, and lead to legal trouble. Like any other form of addiction, behavioural addiction is a chronic disease that can have a lasting impact on an individual’s life and ripple effects on their family and loved ones. Losing Interest in Activities, Hobbies or Events That Were Once Important To You Addictive behaviour can lead the individual to prioritise the behaviour over other aspects of their life that used to bring them joy. What Treatment Options Are Available for Addictive Behaviour? Treatment for addictive behaviour typically involves a combination of therapy, medication, and support groups. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a common form of therapy that helps individuals understand the thoughts and feelings that drive their addiction and develop coping mechanisms to deal with cravings and triggers. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is often used to help with withdrawal symptoms and reduce the risk of relapse. Support groups can provide a sense of community and accountability for individuals in recovery. In some cases, inpatient or outpatient treatment programmes are recommended. “It is important to note that behavioural addiction treatment should be tailored to the individual and may require ongoing support and monitoring to maintain long-term recovery,” concludes Hewlett.

April 14, 2023

5 DANGERS OF SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, explores the dangers of smoking during pregnancy. “While the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in South Africa has decreased in recent decades, it is still a significant public health concern that requires continued attention and support to help pregnant women quit smoking and protect the health of their unborn babies,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “Quitting smoking is the best way to protect the health of both the mother and the baby. Many resources are available to help pregnant women quit smoking, including counselling, support groups, and nicotine replacement therapy. Seeking help is crucial for a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.” When a woman smokes cigarettes during pregnancy, the harmful chemicals in the tobacco smoke enter her bloodstream and pass through the placenta to the developing foetus. This can lead to a range of adverse health effects. Despite this, many women smoke during pregnancy because they are unaware of the risks or find quitting difficult. Dangerous Chemicals in Cigarettes Cigarette smoke contains various harmful chemicals that can affect foetal development and increase the likelihood of a range of health problems in the short and long term. A few of the many chemicals found in cigarettes include: Nicotine is the addictive substance in cigarettes, and it increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer. Tar, a sticky brown substance, is deposited in the lungs when inhaled cigarette smoke can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas, reduces the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream and can cause shortness of breath, dizziness, and headaches. Benzene, a carcinogen, can damage the bone marrow and lead to leukaemia. Formaldehyde, used to preserve dead bodies, is also found in cigarettes and is a known carcinogen. Acrolein, a toxic liquid, irritates the eyes, nose, and throat and can cause lung damage. Smoking During Pregnancy: The Top Risks to Your Unborn Baby’s Health Affinity Health lists five of the most significant risks associated with smoking. 1. Low Birth Weight Smoking during pregnancy is one of the leading causes of low birth weight. Babies born with low birth weight are at higher risk of health problems, including respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and infections. They may also experience developmental delays and have a higher likelihood of long-term health problems, including chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. According to the American Pregnancy Association, smoking during pregnancy can result in an average 180 grams decrease in birth weight. This risk increases with the number of cigarettes a mother smokes per day. 2. Premature Birth Smoking during pregnancy is also a significant risk factor for premature birth (defined as giving birth before 37 weeks of gestation). Premature babies are at higher risk of developing health problems, including respiratory distress syndrome, cerebral palsy, and vision and hearing problems. According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking during pregnancy raises the chance of premature birth by 25%. 3. Stillbirth Smoking during pregnancy can also lead to stillbirth (when a baby dies in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy). Stillbirth is a devastating loss for families and can be caused by various factors, including smoking during pregnancy. According to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, smoking during pregnancy raises the chance of stillbirth by up to 40%. 4. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected death of an infant under the age of one year, typically while sleeping. Smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for SIDS, and babies born to smokers are up to three times more likely to die from SIDS than babies born to non-smokers. Smoking during pregnancy raises the risk of SIDS by altering the baby’s respiratory and immunological systems, leaving them more vulnerable to illnesses. 5. Developmental Delays and Long-Term Health Problems Smoking during pregnancy can also lead to developmental delays and long-term health problems for the baby. Children born to moms who smoked during their pregnancy had an increased risk of developmental impairments, including language and cognitive development delays. Smoking during pregnancy can also affect the baby’s DNA, leading to long-lasting changes that may increase cancer risk and other chronic diseases later in life.

April 13, 2023

Gluten free Mushroom Tostadas

Serves 2-3 / Makes 6 tostadas Ingredients: 1 small red onion, quartered and sliced 4 Tbsp white wine vinegar 1 tsp salt 2 tsp sugar 1 large jalapeño, sliced 1 handful fresh coriander, roughly chopped 1 large avocado, diced 400g portobello mushrooms / 6 medium portabellos 2 Tbsp taco / fajita / Mexican spice mix 6 fresh white or yellow corn tortillas 125ml crème fraîche, for serving 100g feta cheese, for serving Lime wedges, for serving Salt and pepper, to taste Olive oil, for cooking Method: Place the red onion, vinegar, salt and sugar in a bowl. Mix to combine and set aside. Prepare the vegetable toppings. Preheat the oven on grill. Brush the tortillas on both sides with a little olive oil. Place on a baking tray and grill until lightly charred and crisp, turning half way through to cook both sides. Season the portabellos with olive oil and the taco spice. Use the same baking tray as the tortillas and grill them, turning them halfway through until lightly charred and cooked through. About 5 minutes. Allow to rest, then slice. To assemble the tostadas: Spread a dollop of crème fraîche onto the base of each crispy tortilla. Top with mushrooms, quick pickled onions, avocado, jalapeño slices and coriander. Crumble a little feta over the top of each tostada. Finish each tostada with a squeeze of fresh lime juice just before serving and enjoy!

April 6, 2023

COMMON DISEASES CHILDREN CAN CONTRACT AT SCHOOL

According to Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, it is important for parents to be aware of the common diseases and health ailments that can be transmitted in a school setting and to take necessary precautions to protect their children’s health. “It is not uncommon for children to contract illnesses while at school. With close proximity to their peers, the sharing of germs is inevitable,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “Read on to find out the most common illnesses children contract in school and ways to keep your little ones happy and healthy.” The Flu One of the most common illnesses contracted at school is the flu. The flu is a viral infection that can cause symptoms such as fever, body aches, and fatigue. The flu is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. To reduce the risk of contracting the flu, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends ensuring your child gets a flu vaccine and practices good hygiene, such as washing their hands frequently and covering their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. The Common Cold Another common illness contracted at school is the common cold. The common cold is a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract and is characterised by symptoms such as a runny nose, congestion, and sneezing. Like the flu, the common cold is spread through respiratory droplets. To reduce the risk of contracting the common cold, it is important to practice good hygiene and avoid close contact with infected individuals. Strep Throat Other common illnesses that can be contracted at school include strep throat, which is a bacterial infection of the throat and is characterised by sore throat, fever, and swollen tonsils. Antibiotics are usually required to treat strep throat. Most children can return to school and play within a few days with proper medical care and plenty of rest and fluids. To prevent strep throat, teach your children to cover their mouths with an elbow or tissue when they cough or sneeze and not to share drinking cups or eating utensils with their classmates. Pink Eye Pink eye, otherwise known as conjunctivitis, is an infection of the eye and is characterised by redness, itching, and discharge. Many of the bacteria and viruses that cause colds and other infections, such as ear infections, sinus infections, and sore throats, can cause infectious pinkeye (the kind that spreads to others). Although generally not serious, if your child shows signs of pinkeye, it’s important to see a doctor. Some kinds of pinkeye go away on their own, but others need treatment. A Word On Head Lice While not an “illness”, head lice can be problematic and sometimes challenging to treat, resulting in days absent from school. Head lice are tiny insects that live on the scalp and cause itching and sores. They are transmitted through direct head-to-head contact or by sharing hats, brushes, or other personal items. As such, it’s difficult to prevent the spread of head lice among children in childcare facilities and schools because there is so much close contact. It’s important to note that having head lice isn’t a sign of poor personal hygiene or an unclean living environment. Head lice don’t carry bacterial or viral diseases. If you suspect your child has head lice, or your child’s school has notified you that your child has lice, there are several over-the-counter shampoos (often used in conjunction with wide-tooth combs) available to kill lice and end the louse life cycle. Conclusion It is important for parents to keep their children home if they are experiencing any of the above conditions to prevent the spread to others. It is also important for parents to encourage their children to practice good hygiene. “One of the best – and proven – ways of stopping the spread of childhood diseases is washing hands frequently,” adds Hewlett. “Encourage your child to wash their hands for 20 seconds with soap and water when their hands appear dirty, before eating, and after blowing their nose, sneezing, or coughing.”

April 5, 2023

CAN PROBIOTICS HELP WITH THRUSH?

Are you feeling itchy down there? You’re not alone! Vaginal thrush, also known as candidiasis, is a common fungal infection that affects about 70% of women worldwide every year1, with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) affecting up to 5% of women.2 But don’t let the ick factor get you down – there’s no need to suffer in silence. A few simple lifestyle changes can help keep things in check, like practicing good hygiene, changing your diet, avoiding synthetic and tight clothing3, and taking probiotics to restore the natural balance of vaginal flora.4a What is thrush? First things first, let’s talk about what causes this pesky problem. There are many misconceptions surrounding thrush. No, chocolate does not cause thrush (sigh of relief). It’s not caused by sexually transmitted infections either, nor is it caused by swimming, coloured soaps, or blue puppies printed on your toilet paper. Thrush is a condition caused by an overgrowth of yeast called Candida albicans, which is present in the vagina naturally. But when something throws off the delicate balance of bacteria and yeast (like taking antibiotics or experiencing hormonal changes), the yeast can start to multiply and cause uncomfortable symptoms.5a What causes vaginal thrush? Thrush can be caused by a number of things, including antibiotics, douches or vaginal sprays, birth control medication pregnancy, and certain health conditions such as diabetes, an iron deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency, and an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).6a Antibiotics can kill off the body’s natural bacteria, allowing the fungus to grow unchecked. Pregnancy and diabetes can also cause changes in the body that make it more susceptible to thrush. Certain medical conditions can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off the fungus.6b What are the symptoms of vaginal thrush? Itching, an unpleasant burning sensation, and pain are common signs of a vaginal yeast infection. The vaginal membranes get red and have a whitish covering. A few days before your period, your symptoms may worsen. If the inflammation has progressed to the external genitals, the labia may also be red and swollen.5b Vaginal yeast infections frequently result in a whitish-yellowish discharge. It might have a watery or lumpy consistency, similar to curdled milk or cottage cheese. When you have a yeast infection, sex can be unpleasant. Urinating can be painful if the urethra (the tube through which you urinate) is also irritated.5c How probiotics can help Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help to restore the balance of bacteria in the body. Studies show probiotics can be effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and maintaining the low pH environment of the vagina.4b Some of the most effective probiotics for preventing thrush include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum.4c It is important to note that probiotics should not be used as a substitute for other treatments for thrush, such as antifungal medications. If you suspect you have thrush, don’t be shy, talk to your GP or pharmacist about treatment options and get back to feeling confident and comfortable. Find your balance with Reuterina® femme The Reuterina® product line’s efficacy and safety remain unchanged. Over 200 clinical trials have been conducted to validate Reuterina®.7 Reuterina® offers a wide range of products for people of all ages, including Reuterina® femme. Reuterina® femme is indicated to maintain and restore healthy flora.8a When ingested daily, Reuterina® femme helps to maintain a healthy vaginal flora and prevent vaginal infections.8b The Reuterina® family of probiotics are available from selected Dis-Chem and Clicks stores and independent pharmacies nationwide. For more information, visit: https://reuterina.co.za/ and join the conversations on Instagram and Facebook. References and product legals available on request. | 031 ZA Reut 012023

April 3, 2023

Bonitas Medical Fund / The Gift of the Givers Foundation Audiology Project

Q & A The Bonitas/Gift of the Givers Audiology Project has allowed the audiology team to identify and assist even more learners with possible hearing problems. Number of learners tested to date: 1 225 learners at four schools during term 1 of 2023, many of whom received treatment where necessary. (Since the start of the audiology project in 2019 a total of 13 727 learners have been tested) Number of learners identified with a hearing loss/ear pathology: 19 (180 in total) Number of wax removals done: 334 (1 807 in total) Follow up steps have been taken with both these groups of learners Part of The Gift of the Giver’s audiology intervention includes a follow up with parents and learners to ensure that they have received the necessary treatment. Each learner is given a referral form which they give to their parent/caregiver. The referral form has recommendations that the parent will need to follow through. Based on the learner’s diagnosis the recommendations will require them to either visit a GP/ENT specialist/Audiologist for further assessment and management. In some cases, we will also refer to a Speech Therapist or Occupational Therapist. The families are required to visit the recommended professionals at their nearest hospital or clinic. The Gift of the Givers Audiology team then make telephonic follow ups with the families in the following 2-3 weeks, to see if the recommendations have been followed through with. How prevalent is hearing loss in South African school children? Hearing loss is more common than we think, up to 19% of South African school children suffer from varying degrees of hearing difficulties. Learners are meant to be screened from birth to 3 months with intervention taking place by 6 months of age (JCIH, 2019). However, in the South African context this does not take place due to the lack of resources as well as the lack of awareness regarding hearing loss signs and symptoms, leaving many children undiagnosed, or their hearing loss going unnoticed. Hence the Gift of the Givers audiology programme allows us to bridge this gap by allowing for early detection, identification, referrals and management of children with hearing loss or ear pathologies. The number of primary school children globally who have some form of hearing impairment as a comparison. Over 5% of the world’s population – or 430 million people – require rehabilitation to address their disabling hearing loss (432 million adults and 34 million children). It is estimated that by 2050 over 700 million people – or 1 in every 10 people – will have disabling hearing loss. ‘Disabling’ hearing loss refers to hearing loss greater than 35 decibels (dB) in the better hearing ear. Nearly 80% of people with disabling hearing loss live in low- and middle-income countries. The prevalence of hearing loss increases with age, among those older than 60 years, over 25% are affected by disabling hearing loss. In South Africa, it is estimated nationally that the prevalence of hearing impairment is four to six in every 1 000 live births in the public health care sector (Swanepoel, Storbeck & Friedland, 2009). (See reference links below) According to the South African National Deaf Association (SANDA), children should have their hearing tested several times throughout their schooling: When they enter school, at ages 6, 8 and 10 and at least once during Grades 8 or 9 and Grades 10 and 12. Why is this necessary, what changes could happen between these tests and what causes it? According to the Health Professionals Council of South Africa (HPCSA) Minimum Standards for School Hearing Screening Policy (developed by the Professional Board for Speech, Language and Hearing Professions) : All school aged learners should be afforded access to hearing screening services once during each of the four educational phases (Foundation phase – Gr R-3; Intermediate phase – Gr 4-6; Senior phase – Gr 7-9; and Further Education and Training – Gr 10-12) (ISHP, 2012). Screening should also be offered to learners (HPCSA, 2018) At risk for academic failure or who are repeating a grade Parent/teacher concerns regarding hearing, speech, language or learning ability Previous or ongoing ear pathology WHO request hearing screening (self-referral). The importance of screening learners at these different stages is to account for any unaddressed hearing problems that could have occurred during the child’s schooling career. Some hearing losses may be acquired, for example: A child may have experienced an injury/trauma to their ear which may have affected their hearing. A learner may have developed recurrent ear infections, which if left untreated could result in a hearing loss. A learner may also have a delayed onset of hearing loss. Some illnesses can result in hearing loss e.g TB, meningitis. In some cases, learners are lost to follow ups ie. Learners who are previously identified, the families may not have gone through with the follow up process. The Gift of the Givers Audiology Programme therefore takes this into account and assesses learners at both primary and secondary school level (Grade R till Grade 12). Are there any case studies or short explanation of success stories directly as a result the Gift of the Givers audiology project? Yes, many learners who were identified with hearing loss, whose parents/guardians followed through with the recommendations, were seen for further assessment and management at their hospitals and are now fitted with hearing aids. Learners who also presented with ear infections were seen by the GP/ENT to assist with treatment and management. A recent case from the previous high school, there was a learner who was lost to the follow up process/mismanagement of her case. She was previously diagnosed at a hospital with a hearing loss when she was younger and her family was told that she needed hearing aids. The family was not informed when to come in for the hearing aids and no further follow ups were done over the years. When we assessed the learner, we also found she had a problem with the mobility of her jaw and mouth which was affecting

March 28, 2023

CAN A SORE THROAT BE SOMETHING SERIOUS?

According to Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, most sore throats are harmless, but severe symptoms can make breathing difficult. Everyone gets sore throats; for the most part, they are just a nuisance that passes in a few days. However, sore throats can sometimes indicate a serious infection that necessitates antibiotic treatment. And now and then, they may have an extremely unlikely cause. “A viral infection is the most common cause of sore throat. It is frequently accompanied by typical cold symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, and fatigue,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “However, while viral infections are often to blame, there are many other conditions that could be responsible for a sore throat, so I recommend seeing your doctor for a throat swab, especially if a high fever or pus accompanies a sore throat on the tonsils.” Affinity Health explores the main causes of a sore throat and when it’s time to see a doctor. Covid-19 It can be challenging to determine if a sore throat is a COVID symptom. Both the common cold and the virus that causes COVID-19 are types of viruses known as coronaviruses, and they can cause similar symptoms. A fever is one of the first signs of COVID. However, due to the spread of different strains of COVID, it is possible to have a COVID sore throat but no fever or other symptoms. However, if you have COVID, you are more likely to have other symptoms in addition to a sore throat. “Only 5-10% of COVID-19 patients will have a sore throat. They usually have a slight fever, loss of taste and smell, and difficulty breathing,” adds Hewlett. “With cold symptoms, we have to be vigilant. We used to dismiss cold symptoms as a society, but we can’t anymore. If you only have a sore throat and no other symptoms, COVID-19 is less likely to be the cause. However, if you have other symptoms, you may have COVID. I’d be concerned about COVID if I had a sore throat, cough, or fever.” How long does COVID cause sore throat? COVID symptoms typically last between five days and two weeks, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, if it lasts longer than five days, it could be something else, and it is worth getting checked out by your provider. Tonsillitis Tonsillitis, or inflammation of the tonsils at the back of the throat, is also caused by a virus infection. The sore throat lasts two to three days before subsiding over the course of a week or so. It can, however, be caused by a bacterial infection (usually one called streptococcus). Strep throat is most common in children, teenagers, and young adults, but it can also affect older people. Specific key characteristics can help you determine whether you need to see a doctor about antibiotics. If you have at least three of the following symptoms, you should see your doctor or pharmacist: No cough, but a sore throat A fever Tender, swollen glands in the front of your neck White pus on the back of your throat Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Severe pain on one side of your throat Those who get strep throat several times a year may be candidates for tonsillectomy. According to the Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, if a person has strep throat seven times in one year, five times in two years, or three times in three years, they should consider having their tonsils removed. Glandular fever Glandular fever is also more common in teenagers and young adults. The condition is typically accompanied by swollen, tender glands, particularly in your neck, and can leave you feeling completely exhausted. If your doctor suspects glandular fever, they will order a blood test to confirm the diagnosis. Thrush The majority of us associate thrush with a vaginal fungal infection. However, thrush can develop in your mouth and throat. Oral thrush is relatively common in infants but far less common in adults. Thrush usually causes small white patches in the mouth that do not rub off easily with your finger, in addition to a sore mouth and throat. The lining of the mouth may also appear inflamed and redder than usual. The condition is likely if you use steroid inhalers or if your immune system is suppressed by conditions like cancer or medicines that work by dampening down your immune system. Acid reflux Acid reflux can cause heartburn; if the acid reaches the throat, it can also lead to throat discomfort. Common signs of acid reflux include: A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which might be worse at night or while lying down Backwash (regurgitation) of food or sour liquid Upper abdominal or chest pain Trouble swallowing (dysphagia) The sensation of a lump in your throat Treatment for a sore throat While a sore throat can be painful, the good news is that most sore throats go away on their own after about a week, depending on the cause. According to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) s, 85% of sore throats will resolve within a week, and 40% within three days. If a bacterial infection causes a sore throat, antibiotics may be necessary, while sore throats caused by a viral infection usually do not require medical attention. Acetaminophen or mild pain relievers may help with pain and fever; paediatric versions of these medications are available. A pharmacist can advise you on which ones to use and the proper dosages. It is critical to always follow the directions on any medication and only take what is recommended.

March 24, 2023

STDs THAT CONDOMS DON’T ALWAYS PREVENT

STDs are a serious public health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. While condoms have long been considered a reliable method of preventing STDs, recent research has shown that they may not be as effective as previously thought, particularly when it comes to certain STDs. Human Papillomavirus One of the most well-known STDs that condoms may not prevent is human papillomavirus (HPV). According to the National Library of Medicine, HPV is one of the most common STIs. It is most usually transmitted during vaginal or anal intercourse, but can also spread through close skin-to-skin contact. A person infected with HPV can infect another person even if they show no signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms of HPV include genital warts (that appear as flat lesions, small cauliflower-like bumps or tiny stemlike protrusions), common warts (that appear as rough, raised bumps and usually occur on the hands and fingers), plantar warts(hard, grainy growths that usually appear on the heels or balls of your feet), and flat warts (flat-topped, slightly raised lesions that can appear anywhere). While condoms can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, they may not provide complete protection, as the virus can be present on skin areas not covered by a condom. Herpes Simplex Virus Another STD that condoms may not protect against is herpes simplex virus (HSV). This virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, even when no symptoms are present. A study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) found that herpes is one of the most common STDs worldwide, with an estimated 417 million people between the ages of 15 and 49 infected. Condoms can reduce the risk of HSV transmission, but they may not provide complete protection, as the virus can be present on skin areas not covered by a condom. Syphilis In addition, condoms may not protect against syphilis, which is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that in 2020, 133,945 cases of all stages of syphilis were reported, including 41,655 cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis, the most infectious stages of the disease. Syphilis can be transmitted through direct contact with a syphilis sore, which can occur on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth. Condoms can reduce the risk of syphilis transmission, but they may not provide complete protection, as syphilis sores can occur on skin areas not covered by a condom. Gonorrhea And Chlamydia Finally, condoms may not provide complete protection against gonorrhea and chlamydia, two common bacterial STDs. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 78 million people are infected with gonorrhea each year, while an estimated 131 million people are infected with chlamydia. Condoms can reduce the risk of gonorrhea and chlamydia transmission, but they may not provide complete protection, as these bacterial infections can be present in the throat, rectum, or eyes. How To Prevent the Spread of STDs So, what can individuals do to protect themselves and their partners from STDs? Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health, recommends a combination of methods, including consistent and correct use of condoms, regular testing for STDs, and vaccination against HPV and hepatitis B. It’s also important to maintain open and honest communication with sexual partners about testing and vaccination status, and to avoid risky behaviors such as unprotected sex or having multiple partners,” concludes Hewlett.

March 21, 2023

HOW IS THE INTERNET BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH?

While the Internet certainly has its benefits, according to Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, it has also had several negative impacts on our health. Before we explore the adverse health effects of the Internet, we must acknowledge its positive impact on our daily lives, making many tasks faster, easier, and more convenient. Here are a few examples of how the Internet has simplified our lives: Communication: Email, instant messaging, and social media platforms have made it possible for us to communicate with others instantly, no matter where they are located. Education: The Internet has made it easier for people to access educational resources and learn new things. Online courses, tutorials, and educational videos are just a few clicks away, and they can be accessed from any device with an internet connection. Shopping: The Internet has transformed how we shop, making it easier to find and purchase products from the comfort of our homes. Entertainment: The Internet has made it easier to access a wide range of entertainment options, including movies, music, and television shows. Streaming platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and Spotify have made it easy to access content on demand. In addition, social media platforms have made discovering new artists and content creators easier. Work: The Internet has made it easier for people to work remotely, thanks to the proliferation of cloud-based tools and video conferencing platforms. Many people can now work from home or other remote locations, increasing flexibility and reducing the need for long commutes. Overall, the Internet has made our lives easier, from communication and education to shopping and entertainment. However, the Internet can also affect our mental and physical health and well-being. Affinity Health highlights some ways in which the Internet can be bad for your health: Digital Eye Strain Prolonged use of screens can lead to eye strain, dry eyes, blurred vision, and headaches. This is known as digital eye strain, or computer vision syndrome, and is a common complaint among people who spend a lot of time in front of screens. Sleep Disturbances The blue light emitted by screens can disrupt the production of the sleep hormone melatonin, leading to sleep disturbances. Sedentary Behaviour The Internet has made it easier for people to work and access entertainment from home, leading to more sedentary behaviour. This lack of physical activity can increase the risk of obesity, heart disease, and other health problems. Declined Mental Health The anonymity of the Internet has made it easier for people to engage in cyberbullying, which can have severe consequences for mental health. Social Isolation While the Internet has made it easier to connect with people, it can also lead to social isolation if it is not used in moderation. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness and depression. Financial Losses The Internet has made it easier for scammers to trick people into giving away their personal information or money. This can lead to financial losses and even identity theft. “While the Internet has many benefits, it is important to be aware of how it can affect our health and to take steps to protect ourselves,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “This can include taking breaks from screens, talking with your eye doctor about blue light protection and digital device use at your next eye examination, protecting yourself from cyberbullying and scams, and maintaining a balance between online and offline interactions,” concludes Hewlett.

March 17, 2023

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