Health - Parenting Hub

Expert Advice from Bonitas Medical Fund

Everything you need to know about having a miscarriage

Deciding to become a mom, or even finding out by chance that you’re pregnant can be an exciting time in your life. However, sometimes you will spontaneously lose the embryo before 20 weeks and this is known as a miscarriage. You may be wondering what causes a miscarriage and how to notice the symptoms and signs of one. What is a miscarriage and what causes them? Miscarriages are defined as the spontaneous ending of a pregnancy before 20 weeks. Miscarriages can both be emotionally and physically painful to deal with, but it is thought (according to the NHS) that 1 in 8 pregnancies end in miscarriage, with many happening before a woman notices that she has missed her period (meaning she probably won’t even know that she’s been pregnant. American Pregnancy Association (APA) states that the most common cause of miscarriage is an embryo that is genetically abnormal, which can be either genetic or spontaneous. However, miscarriages can be caused by underlying health conditions such as diabetes, or poor lifestyle choices, such as drug use and drinking. Maternal age is also a contributing risk factor, as women over 35 have higher chances of pregnancy loss. How do I know if I ‘m having a miscarriage? Symptoms of a miscarriage can be similar to that of your menstrual period. You may experience cramps and abdominal and back pain, as well as bleeding which can vary from light spotting to heavy discharge. It is normal to have pain and bleeding after a miscarriage, and these period-pain type signs should stop after two weeks. If you experience heavy bleeding, fever or chills be sure to seek professional help as you could have an infection. Unfortunately, the miscarriage process can’t be reversed and if you think you are having a miscarriage you should speak to your doctor about how to manage it. Can I have a normal pregnancy after having a miscarriage? Many women may worry that having a miscarriage may affect their chances of getting pregnant again – however, many women have healthy pregnancies after miscarriage. Most doctors recommend waiting a period of time before trying again, so speak to your health care provider about the best way forward.

September 22, 2026

What is abdominal separation and how do I deal with it?

Abdominal separation or diastasis recti is the separation of the two parallel bands of muscle in your belly. This is common in pregnant women, and luckily often heals on its own, or with the help of exercises, after pregnancy. This condition is not only experienced by pregnant moms, but also by men, as well as women who’ve never been pregnant. You may be wondering how you’d know if you have abdominal separation, how to tell if it’s bad and what you can do to help your tummy return to normal. How do I know if I have diastasis recti? If your muscles have separated, you may notice a bulge in your abdomen where the two muscles have pulled apart. In addition to this, you may notice a sore lower back, constipation and bloating. Women who are expecting multiples or women who have been pregnant more than once (especially if the pregnancies are close together) are more likely to experience muscle separation. There is a way you can check if you have diastasis recti yourself. Lie flat on your back and then sit up slightly, engaging your core muscles. Put your fingers just above your belly button on the middle of your stomach. If you feel like the gap between your fingers is more than three fingers, then you probably have diastasis recti. However, this is not an exact science but rather a way to gauge if you may have a problem. How can I correct my diastasis recti? If you have a smaller separation, it may go away on its own or with the help of exercises, however, bad cases may need the help of a physio or even surgery. If you have a gap, chances are it’ll close up one or two months after birth. However, certain exercises may help the gap close up quicker. That being said, be careful of what exercise you do, some fitness practices make it worse. If you are worried about it, it’s best to talk to a health care professional and they can help you make the best choice for you and your body.

September 15, 2026

You’re pregnant! But is your baby automatically covered by medical aid?

Pregnancy comes with a long list of things to prepare for: antenatal appointments, choosing a hospital, packing a hospital bag, buying tiny clothes and, eventually, figuring out how you’re going to function on very little sleep. But there is another question expecting parents should ask before their baby arrives: what happens to my baby’s medical aid cover when they’re born? It may seem like a straightforward question, but it is one that can catch parents off guard. Many assume that because they have medical aid and their pregnancy and maternity care are covered, their baby is automatically covered too. The reality is that maternity benefits and newborn registration are not necessarily the same thing. The rules can differ between medical schemes and options, which is why understanding what your specific cover provides, and what you need to do once your baby arrives, is important. Does my medical aid automatically cover my unborn baby? This is one of the questions many first-time parents may not think to ask. While a mother may have maternity benefits that cover certain antenatal consultations, scans, tests and the delivery, that does not mean parents can simply assume their newborn has been formally added to the medical scheme. The baby will generally need to be registered with the medical scheme after birth, and there are deadlines for doing so. With Bonitas members for example, newborns must be registered within 30 days of birth to qualify for cover from birth without waiting periods or underwriting, subject to the applicable scheme rules. That makes the registration process something parents should understand before they head to hospital, rather than something to worry about once they are home with their new arrival. “Pregnancy and childbirth involve a lot of planning, and medical scheme administration is easy to overlook among everything else parents are preparing for,” says Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer at Bonitas. “Understanding your maternity benefits and knowing what needs to happen once your baby is born can help parents avoid unnecessary stress during an already busy time.” But what happens if my baby needs medical care immediately after birth? This is where understanding your cover becomes particularly important. While many newborns will only need routine examinations and follow-up appointments, some babies may require additional medical attention in their first hours, days or weeks. A newborn could need treatment for conditions such as jaundice, feeding difficulties or breathing problems, or require investigations, specialist consultations or neonatal care. For parents, this can be an incredibly stressful experience. The last thing they want to be wondering about is whether their baby is covered or whether they will be responsible for unexpected costs. This is why parents should speak to their medical scheme before the birth and understand exactly what happens if their baby requires medical treatment immediately after delivery. Questions worth asking include: The answers will depend on the medical scheme and option, so it is important not to rely on assumptions or advice from friends and family. One of the easiest things to overlook There is a tendency to think that once you’ve had one baby, you know how the process works, but medical scheme benefits, options and rules can change, and every pregnancy and birth is different. Even parents welcoming their second or third child should take a few minutes to check their current benefits and understand what has changed since their previous pregnancy. The goal isn’t to expect something to go wrong. It is simply to know what to do if it does. “When parents understand what their medical scheme covers and what they need to do to register their newborn, they can approach those first few weeks with greater confidence,” says Callakoppen. “It means that if their baby does need additional medical attention, they are better prepared to focus on their child and their recovery rather than trying to navigate the administration at the same time.” Preparing for a baby isn’t only about choosing a name, buying a pram or deciding whether you really need 14 different types of newborn clothing. It is also about understanding what happens once your baby arrives, including how their healthcare cover works. Your best starting point is simple: speak to your medical scheme before the birth, understand your maternity benefits, ask how your newborn will be covered, and make a note of the registration deadline. When you’re holding your newborn for the first time, the last thing you want to be doing is wondering what you were supposed to do next. A few questions before the birth could mean one less thing to worry about when baby arrives.

September 8, 2026

Postpartum bleeding – what is normal?

Giving birth to your baby after 9 months can be a relieving, beautiful and exciting experience. Postpartum your body will still be going through adjustments for a while, and as you care for your new baby, you’ll need to remember to take care of yourself as well. Postpartum bleeding, also known as lochia, is normal after both vaginal and c-section births, however, it is best to know what is and isn’t common in post birth bleeding. Normal postpartum bleeding Lochia is similar to menstruation in the way in which it is made up of blood and tissue, it’s just heavier and longer lasting – it should stop between 4 and 6 weeks after giving birth. Initially, your bleeding will be heavy. This first phase of postpartum bleeding is known as lochia rubra and you’ll experience this in the first 3 to 4 days. Bleeding will be red to reddy brown and you may have small clots. In the next few days after birth your lochia will decrease in volume. Lochia serosa lasts 4 to 10 days and during this period your blood will darken in colour and become more watery. Blood clots should get smaller and disappear. Finally you’ll experience lochia alba, which usually lasts about another 1 to 2 weeks, but can be up to 28 days. Discharge will be yellowy white in colour, you may see pinkish or brown stains on some days. There should be no smell other than what you would experience during a normal period – a strong odor can be a sign of an infection. When to reach out to your doctor Even though lochia is normal, if you are bleeding heavily this can indicate that you have a postpartum haemorrhage. If your bleeding is heavy a week after birth, you experience fever or chills, a tender abdomen or foul-smelling discharge, you’ll need to seek medical assistance.

September 8, 2026

5 things every parent should know about the HPV vaccine

Cancer prevention may seem like an adult conversation, but when it comes to HPV, some of the most important protection can start in childhood. Here’s what parents and caregivers need to know. When your child is offered a vaccine at school, it is natural to have questions. What does it protect against? Why is it being given at this age? And, perhaps most importantly, why does my child need it now? The HPV vaccine can be an important opportunity to protect your child against certain cancers later in life. Here are five things every parent should know. The HPV vaccine is about cancer prevention – not sexual activity One of the biggest misconceptions about the HPV vaccine is that giving it to a child somehow assumes they are or will soon become sexually active. That isn’t the purpose of the vaccine. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is extremely common and can be passed through intimate skin-to-skin contact. Most HPV infections cause no symptoms and clear naturally, but persistent infection with certain high-risk HPV types can lead to cancer. “Parents may understandably wonder why a vaccine linked to a sexually transmitted virus is being offered to their child at such a young age. The answer is prevention. We want to provide protection before exposure to HPV occurs, giving children the best opportunity to benefit from the vaccine when they are older. This is why we offer 2 doses of the HPV vaccine for female beneficiaries between ages 9 and 14,” says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas. HPV is common, and you may never know you have it HPV isn’t something that only affects people who are unhealthy or have made poor choices. It is one of the most common viral infections globally, and most people will encounter HPV at some point in their lives. The challenge is that an HPV infection often has no symptoms. While most infections resolve on their own, persistent infection with high-risk HPV can cause abnormal cell changes that may eventually develop into cancer. Almost all cervical cancer cases are linked to HPV infection, making vaccination an important tool in cancer prevention. Why vaccinate so young? Because timing matters The HPV vaccine is most effective when given before exposure to the virus. This is why HPV vaccination is recommended during early adolescence, rather than waiting until adulthood. South Africa’s national school-based programme provides an opportunity to vaccinate eligible girls while they are still young and before potential exposure. And there has been encouraging progress. South Africa achieved 88% HPV vaccination coverage among eligible Grade 5 girls in 2024/25, according to the National Department of Health. But every child who misses that opportunity represents a gap in prevention. If your child missed a vaccination at school, speak to a healthcare professional about whether catch-up vaccination is appropriate. The HPV vaccine doesn’t mean you can forget about prevention later Getting vaccinated is an important step, but it doesn’t replace other preventative healthcare. The HPV vaccine significantly strengthens protection against HPV-related disease, but women should still follow recommended cervical cancer screening guidelines as they get older. Vaccination reduces risk, but it doesn’t eliminate the need for cervical cancer screening later in life. The World Health Organization’s cervical cancer elimination strategy aims for 90% of girls to be fully vaccinated against HPV by age 15 – alongside increased screening and timely treatment for women who need it. In other words, prevention is a journey, not a once-off appointment. Questions are encouraged – misinformation isn’t It is completely reasonable for parents to have questions before consenting to a child’s vaccination. If you’re unsure about the HPV vaccine, its safety, timing or whether your child needs a catch-up dose, speak to a healthcare professional who can provide advice based on your child’s circumstances. With so much information online, make sure your questions are answered by a qualified healthcare professional or a trusted health source. The bigger message is that preventative healthcare works best when we act early – before disease has an opportunity to develop. For parents and caregivers, the HPV vaccine is one small decision that can form part of a much bigger goal: protecting your child’s health today, so that they have a healthier tomorrow.

August 26, 2026

Due soon? What to include in your hospital bag

With your due date fast approaching, this is a very exciting, yet stressful time for most moms to be. Here is a great list of what to pack for the big day! Ideally, you should have your bag ready to go by 36 to 37weeks, apart from the last minute grabs such as your tooth brush and phone charger. Please see our extensive list of the essential items and also items to make you feel more comfortable for mom and baby (and dad, of course!) Baby Car seat – Many hospitals won’t let you leave without one. Please make sure you know how to strap baby properly into the seat and the seat is secure in the car. Safety first! A going home outfit: It’s important to keep baby skin to skin (this means no clothes on baby; only a nappy) for as long as possible, as this promotes growth, bonding and a calming period for you and your baby. When it’s time to go home, pack different outfits in different sizes as you don’t know how big or small baby will be. Aim for an outfit in Newborn sizes, and 0-3 months. Don’t forget a beanie or socks if the weather is cold. Blankets or Muslin wrap to keep baby nice and cosy. Bottles – If you are going into the hospital knowing you are going to bottle feed, take your bottles with. The hospital usually supplies the formula, but if you have a preferred brand, take some along. If breastfeeding doesn’t work for you, don’t stress! The nurses will provide the bottles and formula. Nappies and wipes to keep baby clean and dry. The nurses in the hospital will show you how to change baby if you are a first time mom. Mom Your medical aid information, your pre authorization/ doctors forms, your ID card and all other important documents you may need. Keep this safely in a folder all together to avoid any stress. A robe or dressing gown – This is such a handy item to have to cover up and make you feel comfortable Pyjama’s that button down at the front – If you are breastfeeding it’s a lot easier to undo the buttons than lift your top continuously. Comfortable, soft and loose pants such as lights weight shorts, stretchy leggings or sleep pants are ideal. Maternity pads and disposable breast pads. Nursing bras are also wonderful and offers great support for breastfeeding moms. Slippers or slip in shoes. Your feet may be a little swollen after delivery, so don’t feel bad leaving the hospital in the snuggest and easiest pair of shoes you can slip into. Slipper socks also work great. Cotton underwear, preferably in a dark or black colour. One that fits you well but rises above the uterus. This is good for moms who have a caesarean section and natural birth as it offers support and doesn’t cause pain along the wound site. Nipple cream – If you’re planning on breastfeeding, your nipples will be happy you are being so proactive. Toiletries – You will want to brush your hair and have a shower after baby has arrived. Take your shampoo, face cream, lotion and body wash, as well as your toothbrush and toothpaste. Deodorant, lip balm and extra hair ties are also a great items to have on hand. Cell phone charger – Because your phone will be full of photos of your new addition to your family. Water bottle and snacks. Take a reusable water bottle as its very important to keep hydrated during and post-delivery. Snack on dried fruit and wine gums to keep your sugar up and to give you energy (with permission from your midwife or doctor of course) A magazine or book, your laptop or some music. Labour may sometimes become a little long. It’s good to keep busy. Most hospitals and birthing clinics supply towels, pillows and blankets. If you have a favourite, take yours along to the hospital. A set of clothes to go home in. Your make up bag and straightener or curling iron. While you won’t be focused on looking great during labour, you may want to take some photos after the birth of your little one. Get someone to help you and make you feel good about yourself (and the great work you’ve just done!) Dad/Birthing partner Camera – Take photos! Lots of them. This is a great job for dad to do during birth. It will make them feel a lot more involved. Snacks: Another great job for dad. Full his bag with plenty of snacks and treats that you can both enjoy during your stay. Comfortable clothes – As he may be sitting with you for quite some time, let him pack some tracksuit pants, t shirts, slippers and hoodies. Extra underwear is also a winner if he is staying overnight. Chargers – For phones, laptops and cameras. The longer the wire, the better, as most plug outlets are likely to be far from you. Toiletries – He may want to freshen up during the course of your stay. Many private hospitals offer you a baby bag when you are admitted for delivery. This is a great item and will contain most, if not all baby’s toiletries such as soap and creams. If you forget something, it’s not the end of the world. The nurses may be able to help or someone can go to the shop for you. All baby ideally needs is a clean nappy, milk, and most importantly, you.

August 24, 2026

Advice from the experts

Winter-Proofing Baby’s Skin: How to Prevent Dryness During the Colder Months

With winter setting in across South Africa, many parents notice changes in their baby’s skin. Dry patches, irritation, flakiness and increased sensitivity are common during winter, when cold outdoor air and indoor heating can strip the skin of its natural moisture. Because a baby’s skin is thinner and more delicate than an adult’s, it loses moisture more quickly and requires extra care during the colder months. Fortunately, a few simple adjustments to a baby’s daily skincare routine can help keep their skin soft, comfortable and protected throughout winter. Why winter affects baby’s skin Winter conditions create the perfect environment for dry skin. Cold air holds less moisture, while indoor heaters further reduce humidity levels. Frequent bathing in hot water can also weaken the skin’s protective barrier, leading to dryness and irritation. Babies who are prone to eczema or sensitive skin may experience flare-ups during winter, making consistent skincare even more important. “Many parents are surprised by how quickly a baby’s skin can become dry during winter,” says Karen Van Rensburg,spokesperson for Sanosan South Africa. “The key is prevention. By focusing on gentle cleansing and regular moisturising, parents can help strengthen the skin barrier and keep little ones comfortable throughout the season.” Top tips to prevent winter skin dryness 1. Keep bath time short and warm, not hot While a warm bath can be comforting on a chilly day, hot water can remove the skin’s natural oils. Aim for short baths of around five to ten minutes using lukewarm water. Choose mild, soap-free cleansers specifically formulated for babies to avoid unnecessary irritation. 2. Moisturise immediately after bathing One of the most effective ways to lock in moisture is to apply a moisturiser within a few minutes of bath time, while the skin is still slightly damp. Products such as Sanosan Baby Care Cream and Sanosan Baby Care Lotion help replenish moisture and support the skin’s natural protective barrier. Formulated with carefully selected ingredients including organic olive extract and milk protein, they provide gentle hydration suitable for delicate baby skin. 3. Avoid over-bathing Daily baths are not always necessary, especially for very young babies. Excessive bathing can contribute to dryness during winter. On non-bath days, a gentle wipe-down of hands, face and nappy area may be sufficient. 4. Dress baby in breathable layers While it is important to keep babies warm, overdressing can cause sweating, which may irritate sensitive skin. Soft, breathable cotton layers help regulate body temperature while reducing friction against the skin. 5. Protect exposed skin Cold winds can leave cheeks and hands dry and chapped. Applying a gentle moisturising cream before heading outdoors can help create a protective barrier against the elements. 6. Maintain moisture indoors Indoor heaters can significantly dry out the air. Where possible, consider using a humidifier or placing a bowl of water near a heat source to help increase moisture levels in the room. 7. Watch for signs of irritation Persistent redness, itching, rough patches or discomfort may indicate eczema or another skin condition requiring professional advice. Parents should consult their healthcare provider if symptoms do not improve with gentle skincare measures. Building healthy skincare habits from the start Winter skincare is about more than preventing dryness – it also helps establish healthy habits that support the skin’s long-term health. “Simple routines can make a remarkable difference,” adds Van Rensburg. “A gentle cleanse followed by moisturising helps protect the skin barrier and reduces the likelihood of irritation. Parents don’t need complicated routines; consistency is what matters most.” By choosing gentle, nourishing skincare products and making a few seasonal adjustments, parents can help ensure that baby’s skin stays healthy, hydrated and happy all winter long.

July 17, 2026

New Dad’s roles

The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Know that it’s normal to have fears – there is no simple way to prepare for parenthood and all new parents (yes Moms too!) have some concerns or fears about their new role. Learn as much as you can about your baby’s daily routine and offer to help out with activities you are comfortable doing. Make “Daddy Time” a special time every day by spending one-on-one time talking, reading or singing to the baby – work with Mom to build these activities into the daily routine. Offer to attend your baby’s doctors’ visits whenever possible – it helps you learn about your baby and provides a second set of ears to hear what the doctor has to say. Be actively involved in providing a safe environment for the baby – help keep an eye out for safety hazards. Make sure your baby is never exposed to second-hand smoke and has a drug free place to live. Be gentle with the baby – never shake your baby or toss them in the air. Be mindful of how you talk and act around the baby – a gentle voice and kind gestures are always best. Support from Mom to Dad The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Ask Mom to teach you to do things you may not know how to do yet – this way you can help out and support her as you learn about your new baby. Once you’re comfortable, offer to watch the baby so Mom can get some extra rest – this gives you time with the baby while supporting Mom as well. Take care of yourself, get regular check-ups and exercise daily – work to stay healthy for the newest member of the family. Set a good example and keep smoking and drugs out of your baby’s home. Talk with Mom about how she feels about herself after her pregnancy – she may need your support and encouragement to resume intimacy and sex since things like her self-image and her body may have changed. Treat Mom to small gifts and simple gestures that tell her that you care about her – these will help her understand that she is still special to you even if she is feeling tired and her self-image has changed. Emotional aspects for Dad The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Especially in the first few weeks after birth, use compassion when dealing with both Mom and baby. They both have just been through a difficult experience and your compassion will go a long way in supporting them as they move into the next part of their journey. You may often find yourself in new and challenging situations where you have the choice to either laugh or cry – choose humour, it helps everyone survive and thrive during challenging times. Life doesn’t always prepare us for our role as a parent so as a new Dad you will often find yourself in new situations with no rulebook – rise to the occasion by using your creativity and imagination to overcome new challenges. Remember that patience is a virtue – this is especially true when you have a newborn, so remember to slow down, take a deep breath and relax before you react to trying situations. Always keep in mind that much of what you are doing in the early days after the birth of your baby is a form of service for both baby and Mom – don’t see it as a negative, rather see it as a time for you to develop a new leadership role as you offer yourself in service to others. Dad comforting a crying baby The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. As a first step, always make sure your baby has been fed and changed and that they are comfortable – if so then go on to the next steps to soothe them. Swaddling: holding a baby close can help them feel more secure, so snuggle them in a soft blanket. Side/Stomach: holding your baby on their side or stomach may help calm them. Shhh: making this noise often helps sooth your baby. Sucking: is very comforting for your baby, so if it’s not feeding time, give them a pacifier to suck on. Swinging: gentle movement is often soothing to a baby, so gently rock them in your arms or put them safely in an infant swing. Remember that even though it may be frustrating, it’s important for you to be patient and gentle with your baby. Use this time to bond with your baby and allow Mom a much-needed break from her role as a caregiver. Getting Dad involved The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Talk with Dad about his thoughts, feelings and concerns regarding his role in caring for your newborn – this will help you understand his comfort level. Get Dad involved in your baby’s care – he may need help in learning how to hold the baby or change diapers so include him in as many of the day-to-day activities as you can. Have Dad help with a night feeding when possible – if you are breast feeding consider pumping a feeding ahead so he can take one feeding for you during the night. Have him talk, read or sing to the baby every day – build these activities into your baby’s daily routine. Involve Dad in doctors’ appointments whenever possible. Ask Dad

July 15, 2026

Misophonia. When Everyday Sounds Feel Overwhelming

Imagine sitting around the dinner table with your family. Everyone is chatting and enjoying the moment. But while everyone else seems relaxed, one person feels completely overwhelmed by the sound of chewing, tapping, or even the way someone breathes. The sound may be ordinary to everyone else, but to that person, it feels impossible to ignore. This is the reality for many people living with misophonia, a condition where certain sounds trigger intense emotional or physical reactions. These reactions are not about being “too sensitive” or simply disliking a noise. For someone with misophonia, specific sounds can create a powerful response that may include irritation, anxiety, anger, distress, or the need to escape the situation. Understanding misophonia can help individuals, families, and communities create more supportive environments. What is Misophonia? Misophonia literally means “hatred of sound,” but the experience is often more complex than simply disliking certain noises. People with misophonia usually have specific trigger sounds that create an immediate reaction. Common triggers may include sounds such as: The important thing to understand is that the response is not always connected to how loud the sound is. A quiet sound may feel much more distressing than a loud one because of the way the brain processes and responds to that specific trigger. For someone without misophonia, the sound may fade into the background. For someone with misophonia, the brain may treat it as something requiring immediate attention. How Misophonia May Look in Everyday Life An adult with misophonia may find themselves avoiding certain social situations, such as dinners, meetings, or travelling with others. They may choose where they sit in a room to reduce exposure to trigger sounds or may feel exhausted after spending time in environments where they have been trying to manage their reactions. Some people describe feeling frustrated because they know the sound itself is harmless, yet their reaction feels automatic and difficult to control. This can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. Others may think that the person is being rude, impatient, or overly critical, when in reality they are trying to manage a very real sensory response. Children can also experience misophonia, but they may not always have the words to explain what they are feeling. A child may leave the room during meals, become upset by classroom sounds, struggle to concentrate, or appear frustrated in situations where certain noises are present. Parents may notice their child reacting strongly to sounds that others do not seem to notice. The child may say things like “make that stop” or “I can’t handle that sound,” but may not be able to explain why. Supporting Someone With Misophonia Living with someone who experiences misophonia can sometimes feel confusing. The most helpful thing families, friends, and colleagues can do is approach it with understanding rather than judgment. A person with misophonia is not choosing their reaction. Their response is often automatic, and criticism or frustration can make the experience more difficult. Simple adjustments can make a meaningful difference. This may include allowing someone to move seats, using background sound such as music or a fan, or being mindful of known triggers when possible. Communication is also important. Instead of focusing on “why does this bother you?”, try asking “what can I do to make this situation easier for you?” Creating a supportive environment does not mean avoiding all sounds or changing everything around one person. It means recognising that sensory experiences can differ from person to person. Living With Misophonia: Finding Ways Forward Many people spend years believing they are the only ones experiencing these reactions, when in fact misophonia is becoming increasingly recognised. Understanding your triggers, learning how your body responds, and finding strategies that work for your lifestyle can help reduce the impact misophonia has on your daily activities. The goal is not necessarily to eliminate every trigger sound from life, as this would be unrealistic. Instead, support focuses on improving comfort and the ability to participate in everyday experiences. How Can an Audiologist Help With Misophonia? At NB Hearing and Balance, we support several patients with sound sensitivity concerns. While misophonia is not simply a hearing problem, an audiologist can assess how a person hears and processes sound, helping to identify whether there are related hearing sensitivities or other contributing factors. A comprehensive hearing evaluation can help rule out underlying hearing concerns and provide a clearer understanding of the individual’s auditory profile. Audiologists can also provide guidance and support through approaches such as sound management strategies, education about auditory processing, and recommendations for managing challenging sound environments. You Are Not Alone Sound is an important part of how we connect with the world, and misophonia can affect relationships, school, work, and quality of life. If you or someone you care about is struggling with sound sensitivity, our audiologists can help you better understand what is happening and explore ways to improve quality of life. At NB Hearing & Balance, we support children and adults experiencing hearing and sound-related concerns. We have offices located throughout Cape Town. Contact us if you need help with managing your sound sensitivities in a noisy, everyday world.

July 13, 2026

Why South Africans Are Making the Switch to Natural Skincare and Home Products

As South Africans become increasingly conscious of what they put on their skin, use in their homes, and expose their families to, natural skincare and eco-conscious home products are gaining momentum, and for good reason. From harsh detergents and synthetic fragrances to ingredient lists filled with chemicals few consumers can pronounce, many conventional products are coming under scrutiny. Parents, wellness-conscious consumers, and environmentally aware households are increasingly looking for alternatives that are gentler on people and kinder to the planet. The shift toward natural products is not simply a lifestyle trend. It reflects growing awareness of how everyday choices can impact personal wellbeing, family health, and environmental sustainability. Why Natural Matters The skin is the body’s largest organ, absorbing much of what it comes into contact with. Harsh ingredients found in many conventional personal care products may irritate sensitive skin, disrupt the skin barrier, as well as possibly cause respiratory issues and even affect hormones. These chemicals include sulphates (foaming agents in washes and shampoos), parabens (artificial preservatives), synthetic fragrances (a very broad category with very little monitoring), and artificial colourants. Natural skincare products by contrast, often rely on gentler ingredients, plant extracts, and formulations designed to support the skin rather than strip it. Consumers are increasingly gravitating toward skincare that works with the skin’s natural biology instead of overwhelming it, and we have some great options made right here in SA! Local cosmeceutical skincare brand SKNLOGIC focuses on science-backed skincare that supports healthy skin function, with formulations that prioritise skin integrity and long-term skin health using a high percentage of natural ingredients. The award-winning Omega Oil serum and the Moist Supreme cream are particularly good choices for winter with their deeply moisturising qualities. For textured and curly hair, natural ingredients can also make a meaningful difference. Jozi Curls has become a go-to for many South Africans embracing their natural hair journey, offering products formulated to nourish curls with moisture-rich ingredients while avoiding unnecessary harsh additives that can dry out textured hair. Infused with sustainably-sourced African Plant Extracts including Marula Oil and Raw Shea Butter, the Jozi Curls Hydrating Shampoo is a low-foam and sulphate-free shampoo recommended for dry and damaged hair that leaves all curl types moisturized and soft. For parents navigating delicate newborn skin or common childhood concerns such as dryness and sensitivity, products designed with fewer irritants can offer reassurance and comfort. Brands such as the German based Sanosan, known for its gentle baby skincare range and now in South Africa, use a very high percentage of naturally derived ingredients including organic olive extract and milk protein to nourish and protect. Their Sanosan Baby Bath & Shampoo is developed to preserves delicate skin’s natural protective function, gently cleansing while remaining mild enough for everyday use. Creating Healthier Homes The move toward natural living extends well beyond skincare. Many household cleaning products contain chemicals that may linger in indoor environments or wash into waterways after use. Eco-conscious consumers are increasingly turning to plant-based cleaning alternatives that are biodegradable and less likely to introduce unnecessary toxins into the home. Far from being less effective than traditional cleaners, essential oils have strong anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and antimicrobial properties, while being kinder to your health and the environment too. Earthsap, one of South Africa’s original eco-friendly household brands, offers cleaning products made with plant-based ingredients. From dishwashing liquids to laundry and household cleaners, these biodegradable products are designed to clean effectively while reducing environmental impact – helping households minimise their chemical footprint without compromising on performance. Formulated with their microbiologists, the Earthsap All Purpose Cleaner contains only natural ingredients and essential oils but is a powerful and hygienic cleaner. It’s also concentrated, so a little goes a long way! Better for the Environment Too The environmental aspect in the argument for natural products can no longer be ignored. Conventional products may contribute to pollution through non-biodegradable ingredients, excessive plastic packaging, and chemical runoff into rivers and oceans. Natural and eco-conscious brands often place greater emphasis on responsibly sourced ingredients, recyclable materials and packaging, and reduced environmental impact. Soy-based candles, for example, have become increasingly popular among consumers seeking cleaner alternatives for home ambience. Local brand SoyLites offers soy candles, natural body care, and aromatherapy products made using renewable and sustainable ingredients, providing an option for fragrance lovers who want to avoid paraffin-based products while creating a calming home environment. The SoyLites Classic Soy Tumblers are the original soy candle range in South Africa! The dual use of ambience-plus-skincare that these candles provides is one of the most sought after qualities. The candles burn beautifully and are environmentally friendly, and the warm massage oil that forms as it melts at a low temperature is full of Vitamin E and Lecithin – a nourishing treat for your skin. For families with young children, sustainability is also becoming a consideration in feeding and care products. Vital Baby’s new EarthSmart range offers recyclable and biodegradable parenting essentials that help reduce plastic waste while supporting practical, everyday family routines. Small Changes, Big Impact While no household transformation happens overnight, small, intentional swaps can make a meaningful difference over time. For many South Africans, natural living isn’t about perfection – it’s about making better-informed choices for their families, their wellbeing, and the world around them, one step at a time. As consumers continue to ask more questions about ingredients, sourcing, and sustainability, brands prioritising transparency, gentler formulations, and environmental responsibility are likely to remain front of mind.

July 13, 2026

Her First Period Sets the Tone for Her Journey Into Womanhood

A girl’s first period is not just a biological moment. It is an introduction. It is the beginning of a new relationship with her body, her emotions, her rhythm, and her sense of self. And like the start of any important journey, the way she is introduced to menstruation matters. For generations, many girls have entered this stage quietly, shyly, or even fearfully. They were told what to do, handed a pad, and expected to carry on. Yes, menstruation is natural. Yes, it happens every month. But natural does not mean it should be ignored. A girl’s first period is one of the earliest opportunities to teach her that her body is not a burden, not an inconvenience, and not something to hide. At Aphrodite’s Garden, we believe that every passage of womanhood deserves knowledge, nurturing, honouring, and care. As women reach later stages of life — motherhood, perimenopause, menopause — many look back and ask: Did I listen to my body? Did I honour my cycle? Did I rest when I needed to? Did I celebrate myself, or did I spend years pushing through? So much of womanhood is spent carrying responsibility. We learn to take a pill, stay busy, ignore the symptoms, and continue. But what if we taught girls from the beginning that their cycle is not the enemy? What if we showed them how to work with their body, not against it? That is the heart behind the Aphrodite’s Garden Period Support Kit. Thoughtfully formulated and curated by a Doctor of Complementary Medicine, this kit was created to support girls from puberty into menstruation with comfort, confidence, and gentle self-care. Inside the Period Support Kit: Period Support Massage OilA nurturing massage oil created for lower tummy and back massage during that time of the month. It encourages connection with the body while supporting comfort during cramps, bloating, and monthly tension. Hormone Synergy RollerA gentle aromatherapy roller to support emotional ease and help girls feel more grounded during natural hormonal shifts. Blushing Rose Natural DeodorantA soft, natural deodorant for underarm freshness during puberty, when body changes begin. Made for families who prefer a more natural approach to daily personal care. Spot Rescue GelA targeted skin-support product for blemish-prone moments, helping girls care for hormonal breakouts with gentleness instead of harshness. Organic PadsA practical introduction to comfortable, breathable period care. FREE Mood PlushieA sweet emotional expression tool to help girls name what they feel without needing to explain everything in words. FREE Digital E-book: Puberty & Period Tips, Hacks & Support A simple guide to help open the conversation around periods, body changes, self-care, and monthly routines. This kit is especially meaningful as a first-period gift. It is also a beautiful conversation starter for mothers, aunties, grandmothers, caregivers, and single dads who want to support their daughters with tenderness, confidence, and care. Because the first introduction matters. When a girl’s first period is met with fear, silence, or embarrassment, she may carry that feeling for years. But when it is met with warmth, education, and celebration, she learns something powerful: Her body is wise.Her cycle deserves care.Her womanhood is not something to hide.It is something to honour. Aphrodite’s Garden Period Support Kit Created to support the first steps into womanhood — naturally, gently, and beautifully. Available online at www.aphroditesgarden.co.za.

July 9, 2026

Premature birth – what to expect

Expecting a baby is an exciting time of your life, and you want to make sure that you do as much as you can to make sure your new child is as healthy as possible. Premature birth is something you want to try to avoid or manage as carefully as possible. In many cases the cause is unknown, and according to The World Health Organisation, one in ten babies are born preterm. A birth is considered premature when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy. The final few weeks in the womb are important to your baby’s full development, so being born prematurely can lead to longer hospital stays, short term, and long term complications. Why does it happen? Some of the more common risk factors which contribute to preterm births are having had a premature birth before, you’re pregnant with twins/multiples or you have issues with your uterus or cervix. However, often the cause of preterm birth often can’t be identified. Your health is also a factor that impacts on your likelihood to have your baby prematurely. Smoking during your pregnancy (which is not recommended), diabetes, high blood pressure (which can develop into preeclampsia) and being over or under weight are all potential premature birth causes. To try and avoid preterm birth you can talk to your doctor about any existing health issues, such as depression, diabetes or high blood pressure) before getting pregnant – this way you can manage any problems with a treatment plan. Waiting 12 months between pregnancies and eating healthy (making sure that you get the correct prenatal vitamins needed) can also help prevent premature birth. What if my baby is born preterm? If your baby is born prematurely they are at risk for long and short term complications. Many preterm babies lead completely healthy lives, however, the more premature and underdeveloped your baby is when they are born, the more likely they are to have issues. If your baby is born prematurely they may be put into a neonatal intensive care unit into an incubator. Some babies will spend longer in the unit than others, this all depends on when they are able to live without medical support.

July 8, 2026

Navigating the High School Jungle: A South African Parent’s Guide to Supporting a Teen with ADHD

If you are raising a teenager with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in South Africa, navigating the high school landscape can feel like an uphill battle. The shift from the structured environment of primary school to the heavy academic workload of Grade 8 through Grade 12 brings intense pressure. Between managing multiple subject teachers and prepping for high-stakes exams, the executive functioning demands can easily overwhelm a neurodivergent brain. Mainstream South African classrooms—frequently overpopulated and strictly bound to rigid timetables—are rarely designed with the ADHD brain in mind. However, with targeted classroom accommodations and alternative educational environments, your teen can bridge the gap between their potential and their performance. Understanding the Three Presentations of ADHD ADHD is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, and how it shows up in a teenager depends heavily on their specific type. The DSM-5 breaks ADHD down into three distinct presentations: Key Classroom Accommodations for the ADHD Brain When advocating for your teen at school or setting up an optimal learning space, focus on these environmental and procedural strategies: The Reality of Class Size In South Africa, it is not uncommon for public or standard private school classrooms to hold anywhere from 30 to 40 learners. For a teenager with ADHD, this amount of ambient noise, social movement, and sensory input is a recipe for cognitive overload. A larger class size also means a single teacher cannot easily notice when an inattentive student has drifted off. Minimising class size is one of the most effective structural interventions for neurodivergent learners. Normalising “Brain Breaks” Expecting a teen with ADHD to sit perfectly still through a 45-minute period—or a double period—is often counterproductive. Brain Breaks: Short, functional pauses built into a study routine to allow the nervous system to reset. Movement triggers the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, the exact neurotransmitters the ADHD brain lacks to sustain focus. Allow your teen to take small, discreet breaks. This could look like standing up at the back of the room for two minutes, doing a quick stretch, or running a small errand for the teacher to clear their head. Fidget Toys as Secondary Focus Tools There is a common misconception among educators that fidget tools are toys meant for play. For a neurodivergent learner, a quiet tactile item acts as a “secondary focus tool.” By occupying the physical restlessness of their hands, it frees up mental bandwidth to listen to a lecture. The golden rule for high schoolers is that the fidget must be silent and discreet to avoid peer disruption or unwanted attention. As shown above, great options include: Thinking Outside the Mainstream: The Collective Genius Centre For many South African teenagers, even with standard accommodations, a traditional school environment remains a mismatch for how their brains operate. This is where specialised alternative tuition environments offer a lifeline. Centres like The Collective Genius Centre based in Rosebank, Johannesburg, are deliberately built from the ground up to support learners who do not thrive in mainstream education. The Collective Genius Centre Approach Here is how a dedicated tuition centre bridges the gap for a teenager with ADHD: Moving Forward Raising a teenager with ADHD requires shifting your focus from making them “fit the mold” to finding a mould that fits them. Whether you work with their current school to introduce quiet fidgets and strategic brain breaks, or look into an alternative learning path like the small-group, independent design of The Collective Genius Centre, remember that your teen’s brain isn’t broken—it simply learns differently.

July 7, 2026

When “100% Juice” Isn’t the Full Story

In South Africa’s wellness economy, few phrases carry as much weight as “100% juice.” It signals purity, simplicity and health. Yet in an increasingly competitive beverage category, those two words can describe more than one production method. That is where the tension lies. The language designed to signal simplicity has grown more complex than many shoppers realise. Terms such as “from concentrate,” “not from concentrate,” “pressed,” and “fresh” are all legally permissible – yet not always widely understood. And when interpretation outpaces understanding, trust becomes fragile. According to registered dietitian and Nutrition consultant to CANSA, Megan Pentz-Kluyts, the confusion does not stem from dishonesty – it stems from the interpretation of terminology. “Consumers rely heavily on front-of-pack cues when making quick decisions,” Megan Pentz-Kluyts says. “But terms like ‘from concentrate’ have specific regulatory meanings. Without understanding those distinctions, shoppers may assume something about a product that is technically compliant – but not quite what they expected. Hence why it’s always advisable to check the ingredient list for clarity.” The Concentrate Distinction Juice made “from concentrate” begins life as real fruit juice. During processing, water is removed to reduce volume and improve storage efficiency. Before packaging, that water is reintroduced to its original volume. Under South African food regulations, the final product may still legally qualify as 100% juice. For shoppers seeking clarity, ingredient lists can also provide an important signal, as South African labelling regulations require manufacturers to indicate when juice is made from concentrate. For many consumers, however, “100%” may imply freshly pressed – with no intermediate concentration stage. The issue is not legality. Concentrate remains a fully permitted and widely used global production method. The issue is clarity. In a post-Health Promotion Levy environment – where awareness around sugar and processing has heightened – shoppers are scrutinising ingredient lists more carefully than before. Parents, in particular, are paying closer attention to how beverages are made – not only how they are marketed. “When expectations and production methods do not clearly align, trust can weaken,” says Simonne Fourie, Rugani’s Commercial Head. “Even when products comply with regulation, transparency about processing supports informed choice.” Transparency as Competitive Advantage As scrutiny increases, some producers are leaning into operational transparency. Concentrate-based production remains the dominant global model because it reduces transport costs and extends shelf life. Fully integrated farm-to-bottle operations – where produce is grown, pressed and bottled in one location – remain comparatively uncommon. Some vertically integrated South African producers – such as Rugani Juice – have built their positioning around transparency in how juice is produced, including producing juice without a concentration and reconstitution stage. While concentrate remains fully legal, removing that intermediate step creates a more transparent production process – making it easier for consumers to understand how the product is made and what goes into it. According to Rugani’s Commercial Head, Simonne Fourie, consumer questions have become more detailed in recent years. “Shoppers are asking where ingredients come from and how they are processed,” she says. “For us, transparency is not a marketing message – it is how we operate.” The distinction is not about declaring one production method superior to another. It is about reducing ambiguity in a category built on perceived health. Why This Matters Wellness categories depend on credibility. When language becomes more sophisticated than consumer understanding, scepticism follows. “100% juice” is legally defined. But its emotional meaning to consumers often extends beyond regulation – suggesting freshness, minimal intervention and proximity to source. As the category evolves, brands that articulate how their products are made – in accessible, plain language – may find that transparency itself becomes their strongest differentiator. Because in a category built on trust, clarity is no longer optional.

July 7, 2026

Panado® Supports on-the-go Parenting With New Convenient 5 ml Sachets

Panado® knows that on-the-go parenting is not for the faint hearted. Mornings begin with the school run and quickly turn into a juggling act of school bags, a taxic ride, traffic, potholes and grocery bags, before the day wraps up with a last dash to get supper on the table before bedtime. Add unexpected pain or fever, and it’s enough to make any parent sigh. Headaches, teething discomfort, sore throats, earaches, and temperature spikes in children have a habit of picking the worst possible moment. They often show up once shoes are on and everyone is already out the door, halfway through a long drive, or just before bedtime at Gogo’s house. A fever or high temperature might come on slow or rise quickly1a. It might also rise and fall throughout the day.1b Pain can also be tricky for children to explain2a. Older kids might be able to tell you what hurts or whether the pain comes and goes, but toddlers often just say they don’t feel well2b. Add a busy day into the mix and symptoms such as fever can feel worse. Warm weather, lots of movement and not drinking enough fluids, especially during summer, can leave children more uncomfortable when they’re already feeling unwell3. Treating pain or fever promptly with age-appropriate medications helps reduce discomfort4 so your child can back to normal routines sooner. For parents constantly on the move, having an easy-to-use, powerful and pocket-sized solution can make all the difference. Created with busy parents in mind, Panado® has introduced a new way to handle pain and fever in everyday family life with Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets5. Each sachet contains a single 5 ml dose of Panado® Strawberry Syrup5, powered by paracetamol, an ingredient with more than 150 years of clinical experience6. The sachets are sealed, compact and easy to store or carry, making them perfect for travel and everyday outings. Containing the same trusted7 formulation, strength and berry nice flavour parents know, Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets5 are ready to work immediately8 and are suitable for babies and children from three months and older. Slip one into a pocket, handbag, nappy bag, or backpack and relief is always close by. There is no bulky bottle to carry and no spills to worry about. Parents simply tear open a sachet, measure the correct dose using a syringe or medicine measure, and discard the remainder once the dose has been given. To support safe and accurate use, dosage is calculated according to a child’s age and weight. Parents can check the Panado® dosage calculator at panado.co.za/dosage-calculator, or scan the QR code on pack for guidance. This helps take the guesswork out of dosing and gives extra peace of mind. The sachets sit alongside the wider Panado® paediatric range, which includes Panado® Strawberry Syrup5, Panado® Peppermint9, suitable from Day 1 and Panado® Infant Drops10. Panado® Infant Drops were named a Product of the Year 2025 winner in the Child Health category11, based on votes from 2,000 South African consumers in a Kantar survey. When children are uncomfortable, parents want something they can rely on. Panado® continues to be trusted7 to help soothe pain and fever, allowing little ones to settle, feel better and return to being themselves, whether you are at home or on the move. Panado® products are available from Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem and independent pharmacies. For more information, visit: https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. For references and legal disclaimers, visit https://panado.co.za/references. 02.20261000004931. February 2026.

July 1, 2026

Choosing the best for your baby: why families trust Netcells

Expectant parents choosing stem cell banking with Netcells can feel confident they’re partnering for the long-term. For 21 years, Netcells has helped families protect what matters most – their children’s future health. Stem cell banking is the process of collecting and storing stem cells from a newborn baby’s umbilical cord at birth. These cells are collected immediately after delivery from the umbilical cord blood and/or cord tissue—once considered medical waste—and cryogenically stored at extremely low temperatures for potential future use. Stem cells are unique because they have the ability to develop into different types of specialised cells in the body and are being used in established treatments such as blood and immune system disorders, with ongoing research exploring their role in regenerative medicine and tissue repair. Our track record reflects stability, trust and ongoing innovation, with every step of the journey designed to deliver lasting value, trusted security and reliable accessibility for the future. Here are the key reasons why Netcells is the preferred choice for African families: More choice, greater accessibility We understand that every family’s needs and budgets are different. That’s why Netcells now offers a more cost-effective cord tissue-only storage option in addition to its existing services, creating a more accessible entry point into stem cell banking. Cord tissue is rich in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are already being explored and used in regenerative medicine, including areas such as tissue and muscle repair, modulation of inflammation, and support of the immune system. Double the security Security is at the heart of what we do. By utilising a secure location within South Africa and maintaining strong international ties through our UK partners, Smart Cells, Netcells provides a level of redundancy and disaster recovery that offers parents true peace of mind. Discovery Health partnership As the only stem cell bank partnered with Discovery Health, South Africa’s largest medical aid scheme, Netcells can offer unique benefits to Discovery members, including discounts that help significantly reduce the overall cost of stem cell banking. Integrated reproductive health ecosystem Netcells isn’t just a storage facility; it is part of Next Biosciences – a local leader in reproductive health. This means our clients benefit from a wide ecosystem of reproductive health genetic testing and biological manufacturing services. We don’t just store cells; we are at the forefront of the science that will use them in the future. Financial peace of mind: No hidden fees When you bank with Netcells, you are making a long-term investment. To help you plan your family’s budget with confidence, we offer all-inclusive upfront pricing. Unlike models that require small annual payments – which can be subject to inflation and interest rate changes over time – our 10- and 20-year plans include all costs upfront, from collection to storage. You can choose to pay upfront, settle the balance after successful sample banking, or opt for a 12-, 24-, or 60-month payment plan, ensuring your sample is securely stored for the next 10 or 20 years. Global standards, local expertise Our facility has been AABB accredited since 2011, ensuring that our laboratory processes meet the highest international benchmarks. Should your child ever require a transplant in Europe, the USA, or elsewhere, our accreditation ensures that the stored stem cells are recognised and accepted by international medical institutions. On top of this, we will cover the retrieval and transport costs to deliver the banked stem cells to you – wherever you are – should they ever be required for a transplant for an immediate family member later in life. Secure your future today The decision you make at birth may open doors to future medical treatments for your child or family. Join over 23 000 families who trust Netcells to preserve this unique opportunity. Explore our stem cell banking options and Discovery Health benefits here.

July 1, 2026

Due soon? What to include in your hospital bag

July 1, 2026

Your pregnancy – a comprehensive guide

Morning sickness remedies The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Relieving morning sickness often takes some trial and error before you find a method that works for you. Here are a few suggestions you can try to see if you find them helpful. To find relief from a smell that is bothering your stomach try carrying a handkerchief or washcloth with a few drops of an essential oil in it that does not cause nausea, such as lemon. It may relieve morning sickness if you breathe into the handkerchief or washcloth, so you no longer smell the bothersome odour. Eat smaller meals every two hours or so. If you have morning sickness try eating cold foods as they have fewer smells that can make you feel sick. Vitamin B6 and B12 taken regularly as advised by your doctor could help reduce your nausea and/or vomiting due to morning sickness. Folic acid and pregnancy The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Neural tube defects are birth defects of a baby’s brain and spinal cord that occur early in a pregnancy. They can often be prevented when the mother takes folic acid just prior to getting pregnant and through the first part of the pregnancy. Because much of this time period occurs before a woman knows she is pregnant, and 50% of all pregnancies are unplanned, it’s recommended that all women of childbearing age have folic acid supplementation. The recommended amount of folic acid intake is about 400 micrograms (or 0.4 milligrams) for women of childbearing age. For women who have had a pregnancy that resulted in a neural tube defect a higher dose is often recommended. Less folic acid is required at other life stages so check with your doctor to determine your exact needs. First Trimester The first trimester (weeks 1 to 12) The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. The first trimester can be a difficult time for many pregnant women. Some may feel great, while others may feel horrible. Here are some of the changes you may experience during the first 3 months: Nausea is normal in up to 85% of women; this may or may not include vomiting Light spotting is normal and about 25% experience this during implantation Tender breasts Constipation Increased vaginal discharge that is thin and milky white in colour Increased fatigue Cravings and aversions to certain foods Increased urination Heartburn Mood swings Gaining weight Call your doctor right away if you experience any of the following: Significant bleeding, cramping or sharp abdominal pain Foul-smelling, green or yellow discharge Severe nausea or vomiting Severe dizziness Too much or too little weight gain (more than 3 kg (6.5 lbs.) per month or less than 1 kg (2 lbs.) per month) Second Trimester The second trimester (weeks 13 to 27) The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Most women find the second trimester the easiest and most enjoyable. Usually, morning sickness and fatigue fade and you start feeling like your usual self again. There are many big changes that occur during these weeks, some of these include: Growing breasts Gum discomfort, swelling or bleeding Increased pressure on back which can cause back pain Nasal congestion and increased nosebleeds Thin, milky white vaginal discharge continues Increased urination, heartburn and constipation continue Increased hair growth of current hair and in new places such as the face, arms or back Headaches Haemorrhoids Flutters of movement can sometimes start to be felt around 20 weeks Increased sensitivity to the sun Stretch marks, spider and varicose veins may show up Brown pigmentation on the face (“mask of pregnancy”) and a darker line down the abdomen (linea nigra, Latin for “black line”) may appear Increased weight gain Call your doctor right away if you experience any of the following: Significant bleeding, cramping or sharp abdominal pain Foul-smelling, green or yellow discharge Severe nausea or vomiting Severe dizziness Too much or too little weight gain (more than 3 kg (6.5 lbs.) per month or less than 4.5 kg (10 lbs.) by 20 weeks) Third Trimester The third trimester (weeks 28 to 42) The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. The third trimester can bring some uncomfortable symptoms as you prepare for the birth of your baby. Here’s what to expect during this time: Back pain Braxton Hicks contractions Increased breast size Increased discharge from previous months Fatigue Increased urination, heartburn and constipation continues Haemorrhoids Difficulty breathing Swelling in your feet, ankles and hands Increased weight gain Call your doctor right away if you experience any of the following: Cramping or sharp abdominal pain Foul-smelling, green or yellow discharge Severe nausea or vomiting Severe dizziness Too much or too little weight gain Pain or burning with urination Sudden swelling in your feet Contractions that are regular and get closer and closer together and more intense Spotting or any bleeding Nutrition Good things to eat The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Good nutrition is essential for a healthy pregnancy. Here are some ways to eat healthy during your pregnancy: Take your prenatal vitamin Eat a variety of foods each day Eat more fibre (pasta, rice, fruits, veggies and cereals) Eat more calcium (at least 4 servings of dairy products, green leafy vegetables, etc.) Eat more iron (red meat, eggs, green leafy vegetables, beans/lentils, dried fruit and iron-enriched cereals and grains) Bad things to eat The

June 23, 2026

Don’t sleep on medical aid in your 20s

Your 20s are a crash course in adulthood. Between your first job, submitting your first tax return, learning how to budget and figuring out what belongs in a washing machine, there’s no shortage of new responsibilities competing for your attention. Yet one responsibility that often gets overlooked is healthcare cover. For many young South Africans, healthcare cover feels like something to worry about later in life, once you’re earning more, starting a family or dealing with health concerns. But while your 20s may be your healthiest years, they’re also one of the best times to start building healthy habits and financial resilience. Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund, Dr Themba Hadebe, shares his top five things worth knowing about medical aid in your 20s. It’s not only there for major medical emergencies When people think about medical aid, they often picture worst-case scenarios such as accidents, hospital admissions or emergency surgery. While these benefits are important, medical aid can also support your day-to-day health through preventative care, routine check-ups and screenings that help identify potential issues early. Looking after your health includes your mental wellbeing Your 20s can be an exciting but demanding stage of life. Career pressures, financial responsibilities and major life transitions can all take a toll on your mental wellbeing. Many medical aid schemes now recognise the importance of holistic healthcare and offer access to mental health support and digital wellness tools alongside traditional medical benefits. An unexpected medical bill can have a long-lasting financial impact One of the biggest challenges facing young professionals is building financial stability. Medical expenses can be difficult to predict, and a single hospital admission, procedure or specialist consultation can place significant strain on personal finances. Medical aid helps reduce the financial risk associated with unexpected healthcare costs, allowing members to access care when they need it without facing the full cost alone. Your 20s are a good time to learn how healthcare funding works Medical aid comes with its own terminology and processes, from provider networks and co-payments to benefit limits and authorisations. Learning how these systems work early can help you make more informed healthcare decisions over time and avoid costly mistakes. Much like learning how to manage a budget or submit a tax return, understanding healthcare funding is a valuable life skill that becomes easier when you start early. There are options designed for different budgets and life stages One of the biggest misconceptions about medical aid is that it is only accessible to high-income earners. Today, many schemes offer a range of options designed to cater for different healthcare needs and budgets, making it easier for young adults entering the workforce to find cover that aligns with their circumstances. “Bonitas offers options such as BonStart and BonCore, which are designed to provide accessible entry points for young South Africans as they begin taking greater ownership of their health and finances,” says Dr Themba. “The key is to look beyond monthly contributions and consider the overall value and benefits that support your healthcare needs.” The bottom line is that your 20s are about building foundations for the future, whether that’s your career, your finances or your wellbeing. Medical aid may not be the most exciting item on your monthly budget, but understanding your healthcare options early can help you make informed decisions, access preventative care and better prepare for the unexpected. The goal isn’t simply to have cover when something goes wrong. It’s to have the support, resources and healthcare access that help you stay well in the first place.

June 19, 2026

ProbiFlora™: Your gut’s new best friend

South Africa’s No. 1 adult probiotic1 has a fresh new look and a brand-new website to match. ProbiFlora™’s updated packaging makes it easier than ever to find the right product for your gut needs, whether that’s daily balance, post-disruption recovery, or support for the whole family. The new website – https://probiflora.co.za/ – makes it just as easy online as it is on shelf to find exactly what your gut is asking for. Because supporting your gut should feel simple. And when your gut is well supported, everything else can start to feel more balanced, too. ProbiFloraTM’s range of products are available from leading pharmacies and retailers nationwide. For more information, visit https://probiflora.co.za/ and join the conversations on Instagram and Facebook. Approval ticket #07.04.2026.1000005303

June 15, 2026

What Parents Should Know About Medical Aid and ADHD Cover

Many parents only start looking into ADHD cover once school problems, emotional struggles or behaviour issues begin affecting everyday life. By then, specialist appointments, assessments and therapy sessions are often already being paid privately. One of the biggest misunderstandings I see as a medical aid broker is parents assuming every medical aid automatically covers the full ADHD process. In reality, benefits are usually spread across different parts of the plan. What Does Medical Aid Usually Cover? Some schemes may contribute towards: ADHD Service Common Funding Area Common Problem ADHD assessments Day-to-day benefits Savings run out quickly Psychologist visits Mental health benefits Session limits apply Occupational therapy Allied healthcare Strict annual caps ADHD medication Acute or chronic medicine Formularies apply Psychiatric admission Hospital benefit Pre-authorisation required Most parents are surprised by how quickly therapy costs build up once weekly sessions begin. ADHD Assessments Can Become Expensive ADHD assessments often involve multiple specialists. Assessment Type Typical Private Cost Educational assessment R3,000 – R8,000+ Clinical psychologist assessment R4,000 – R10,000+ Child psychiatrist consultation R2,000 – R5,000+ Paediatric assessment R1,500 – R4,000+ Occupational therapy screening Variable Some schemes may limit claims when assessments are done mainly for school support or academic accommodations. Therapy Costs Are Where Families Usually Feel Pressure Children with ADHD may require occupational therapy, behavioural therapy, speech therapy, psychology sessions or educational support. Therapy Type Common Challenge Occupational therapy Limited annual visits Child psychology Savings exhaustion Speech therapy Network restrictions Play therapy Often privately funded Behavioural therapy Not always fully covered I have seen many parents downgrade to cheaper hospital plans, only to realise later that most ADHD treatment happens outside the hospital environment. Is ADHD Medication Covered? Medication is usually covered more consistently than therapy, although schemes still apply formularies and pricing limits. Common ADHD medication includes: Medication Area What Usually Happens Acute medicine Limited annual cover Chronic medicine Registration often required Brand-name medication Co-payments may apply Generic alternatives Schemes usually prefer these Non-formulary medicine Members pay shortfalls Parents often become frustrated when a child responds well to a specific brand, but the scheme only funds the generic alternative. ADHD and PMBs ADHD itself is not automatically funded as a full Prescribed Minimum Benefit (PMB) chronic condition. PMB Situation Typical Position Routine ADHD treatment Normal benefit limits Psychiatric hospital admission Possible PMB pathway Severe mental health crisis May qualify under PMB rules Therapy sessions Usually limited School support Generally excluded Many parents expect PMBs to cover ongoing therapy and specialist visits. Later, the accounts continue long after the available benefits are exhausted. Which Medical Aid Plans Usually Work Better? Comprehensive plans generally work better for ADHD because most treatment happens outside hospital. Medical Scheme Plan Type Often Preferred Discovery Health Comprehensive options Bonitas Higher-tier plans Bestmed Pace range Momentum Health Comprehensive plans Medihelp Broader family plans Final Thoughts ADHD treatment is rarely a once-off expense. For many families, the real financial pressure starts once long-term therapy, specialist appointments and medication management become ongoing monthly costs. That is why choosing the right medical aid matters. A cheaper hospital plan can sometimes lead to much higher out-of-pocket costs later. Written by: Adriaan Schoeman

June 9, 2026

Premature birth – what to expect

June 9, 2026

Understanding Anxiety in Children, And How To Help Them Through It

Many parents will recognise the scene: a school morning that should be ordinary turns into something entirely different. There are tears at the gate, a stomach ache with no clear cause, and a child who, by every measurable standard, is fine, yet is clearly not fine at all. Anxiety in children rarely presents itself as anxiety; instead, it manifests as resistance, irritability, sleeplessness, sudden clinginess, or a sore tummy or tears on a Sunday evening. As South Africa focuses on our youth this June, we must consider the wellbeing of our young people, with mental health firmly included in that conversation. The scale of the issue The World Health Organisation estimates that around one in seven children and adolescents worldwide, aged 10 to 19, lives with a mental health condition (Sept, 2025). Anxiety disorders sit alongside depression and behavioural disorders as some of the most common. The numbers matter, but what matters more is our understanding of the disorder and how we can better support the child. Anxiety isn’t the enemy A useful place to start is by separating the feeling itself from the assumption that the feeling is a problem. Anxiety is, fundamentally, a sense of worry, fear or dread that won’t always respond to reason. It is also a normal and useful human emotion. A small dose of anxiety sharpens a child’s focus before an exam. It produces the energy that gets them onto the sports field with their head in the game. It is hard-wired into our survival system. Faced with genuine danger, the quickened heartbeat, the faster breathing, the sharper senses, are designed to keep us alive. Anxiety becomes a problem when it stops being situational and starts being constant- when the alarm system that should switch off after the threat passes simply does not switch off. At that point, anxiety stops protecting and starts interfering with daily life. One of the heaviest things many anxious children carry is not the anxiety itself but the judgement around it. So many of us were raised to believe we should not feel anxious in the first place, and that shame associated with this belief only compounds the worry. Children need to hear, clearly and often, that anxiety is normal and can be helpful. That it does not define them- it does not make them weak or bad. The moment they learn to notice it and put a name to it is the moment they start to take some control back. Awareness does not amplify anxiety, it quietly gives a child the confidence that they can cope. A useful reminder for any anxious child: “Feelings come and go. You felt different before, and you’ll feel different again.” What’s actually happening inside their head To support an anxious child well, it helps to understand what is happening at the level of the brain. Two parts of the brain do a lot of the heavy lifting here. The prefrontal cortex is the part responsible for focus, impulse control and flexible thinking – the rational executive. The amygdala is the part that processes emotions like fear – the alarm system. In a settled state, the prefrontal cortex keeps the amygdala in check, weighing up whether something is genuinely threatening. When a harmless situation gets misread as dangerous, however, the amygdala fires the alarm. The body switches into fight, flight, freeze or fawn mode. As anxiety climbs, the brain’s executive functioning takes a hit – logic goes offline. This is why telling an anxious child to “stop worrying, it’s not that bad” almost never works. To their brain and body, the threat is entirely real. We are not arguing with their thinking. We are arguing with their biology. What to look out for Part of the parental task is telling the difference between developmentally appropriate fears, everyday worries, and the kind of pattern that signals an actual anxiety disorder. Anxiety in children tends to show up in three ways: If several of these are showing up in your child persistently, and getting in the way of everyday life, that is the signal to take it seriously. What you can do to help Supporting an anxious child starts with the adults around them. Here are some practical approaches that work for the whole family. The goal is not a worry-free childhood Anxiety is not the enemy, it’s a normal, even necessary, human emotion. Learning to regulate emotions is a skill that children learn when they are supported by an adult. When we as the key adult co-regulate, they develop the metacognitive skills to regulate themselves. With patience, the right strategies, and steady support, we can teach our children something far more useful than a worry-free childhood. We can teach them: “I can feel anxious and still be okay.” For more resources, visit www.bellavista.org.za By Karen Archer, Deputy Principal, Bellavista School

June 8, 2026

Why PCOS is now called PMOS and what it means for women’s health

For decades, women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have often been told that the condition centres on cysts forming on the ovaries. In reality, many women who meet the diagnostic criteria never develop ovarian cysts at all, which means that the name has long created confusion for both patients and clinicians alike. In May 2026, global health experts formally introduced Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) as the updated terminology for this condition, which reflects the growing scientific consensus that it involves multiple hormonal and metabolic systems, not only the ovaries. The change follows more than a decade of international consultation among endocrinologists, researchers and patient groups. The goal is to align the name of the condition with what research has increasingly shown about how it works in the body. “Up to 70% of PCOS cases remain undiagnosed due to gaps in awareness, recognition and care, leaving many women navigating years of unexplained symptoms,” says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. “The new terminology recognises that this is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects several systems in the body.” A name change to pay attention to For years, the label Polycystic Ovary Syndrome suggested that ovarian cysts were the defining feature of the condition. Yet the small follicles seen on ultrasound scans are not true cysts, and they are not present in every patient. Doctors diagnose the condition using a combination of symptom monitoring that may include irregular ovulation, elevated androgen levels and characteristic ovarian changes on ultrasound. This broader clinical picture often sits uneasily with the name itself. “The terminology shaped how people understood the condition,” says Hadebe. “When patients heard ‘polycystic ovaries’, many assumed the problem was limited to reproductive health. In practice, the condition affects hormones, metabolism and long-term health risk.” Women living with the syndrome frequently experience a wider set of health concerns. Hormonal imbalances can lead to acne, excess facial or body hair and irregular ovulation. The condition can also influence mood and mental wellbeing. “Patients often arrive in consulting rooms with a range of symptoms that appear unrelated,” says Hadebe. “When you step back and view the condition as a broader endocrine disorder, those symptoms begin to make sense.” One of the strongest drivers of the renaming is the role of metabolism in the condition. Research shows that many women living with the syndrome experience insulin resistance, where the body’s cells respond poorly to insulin and struggle to regulate blood sugar effectively. This metabolic disruption can contribute to weight gain and increase the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. The importance of early diagnosis Despite how common the condition is, many women spend years searching for answers before receiving a diagnosis, with updated NICE guidelines for PMOS aimed at standardising diagnostic pathways expected to be released towards the end of 2026. Symptoms such as irregular periods, persistent acne, excess hair growth or unexplained weight gain are often dismissed as routine hormonal fluctuations. Delayed diagnosis can carry long-term consequences. Without proper management, metabolic complications may develop gradually over time. “Early detection allows clinicians to manage the condition more effectively and reduce future health risks,” says Hadebe. “Women who notice persistent hormonal or menstrual changes should seek medical advice so that underlying causes can be assessed.” Addressing stigma and misunderstanding The name change also addresses the emotional impact many women describe when navigating the condition. Patients frequently report that their symptoms were minimised or attributed to stress, weight or lifestyle factors before they received an explanation. Language plays a powerful role in shaping how conditions are understood. A name that reflects the complexity of the syndrome helps validate the experiences of those living with it. “Renaming the condition does not change the biology,” says Hadebe. “However, updating the name to better reflect current scientific understanding will improve awareness, support earlier diagnosis, enhance quality of care, drive greater consistency in research, and ultimately improve the overall patient experience.” As awareness grows, experts hope the shift to Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome, or PMOS, will encourage earlier recognition of symptoms and more holistic care for women affected by the condition.

June 4, 2026

Panado® Expands Access with New 5 ml Sachets Available at Everyday Shopping Spots

Panado® knows that when a child develops pain or a fever, timing matters. Relief can’t wait for a planned pharmacy visit or a trip across town. For many families, especially those balancing work, transport and childcare, access is just as important as trust1. That is the thinking behind the launch of the new Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets2 and why they will be available far beyond the pharmacy shelf. Pain and fever are part of childhood, often showing up as a sore throat3a, earache3b, growing pains in young children and tweens4, teething trouble in babies5, bumps, knocks and bruises6, or a fever7 linked to everyday infections like colds, and when they do, parents need solutions that are close at hand. If you live in a busy city, you might pass a forecourt or convenience store on your daily route. In smaller towns or rural areas, the local spaza shop is often the go to for essentials. Parents don’t only shop for healthcare during office hours or planned outings either. They buy what they need on the way home from work, during a quick stop for bread and milk, or from the shop down the road. By making Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets2 available to parents where they live, commute and shop, Panado® is widening access to a medicine parents already know and trust1 so parents can respond sooner, rather than waiting until symptoms worsen or stress builds. Each sachet contains a single 5 ml dose of Panado® Strawberry Syrup2, sealed, hygienic and easy to store. The compact size makes it practical for parents who need something they can carry easily. It also helps reduce waste, as only one dose is opened at a time, with no bulky bottle to manage and no risk of spills. Slip one into a pocket, handbag, nappy bag, backpack or car console and you’re always prepared. The formulation inside each 5 ml sachet remains the same, with unchanged strength, powered by paracetamol – an ingredient backed by more than 150 years of clinical experience8. It’s the same berry nice flavour parents know, is ready to work immediately9 when pain or fever strikes and is suitable for babies and children from three months and older. When needed, the pocket-sized sachet is torn or cut open, the correct dose is measured using a syringe or medicine measure, and any remaining liquid is discarded. To help parents feel confident, dosing is based on a child’s age and weight. Clear guidance is available via the panado.co.za/dosage-calculator online or by scanning the QR code on the pack, reducing guesswork at moments when you want reassurance. The sachets are part of Panado® paediatric range, which includes Panado® Strawberry Syrup2, Panado® Peppermint10, suitable from Day 1 and Panado® Infant Drops11. Panado® Infant Drops were named a Product of the Year 2025 winner in the Child Health category12, based on votes from 2,000 South African consumers in a Kantar survey. Panado® is meeting parents where they already are. At home. On the road. At the local spaza. By expanding distribution of the Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets2 into everyday retail spaces, Panado® gives parents the power to fight their children’s pain and fever confidently. Panado® products are available from Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem and independent pharmacies. For more information, visit: https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. For references and legal disclaimers, visit https://panado.co.za/references. Approval ticket #03.20261000004932. March 2026.

June 1, 2026

Debunking Common Myths About Baby Fevers

When your baby feels a bit warmer than usual, it’s natural to worry. But most fevers aren’t something to panic about. Trusted1 by parents to fight their little one’s pain and provide relief when needed most, Panado®’s Paediatric Range of syrups are ready to work immediately.2 What Causes A Mild Temperature? A fever can feel worrying, but it’s usually a sign that your baby’s body is working just as it should to fight off infection. Remember, a fever isn’t an illness on its own.3a When your tot’s temperature rises, it usually means their immune system has sprung into action and is sending out white blood cells to fight off and destroy invading bacteria and viruses.3b Your baby’s temperature can rise for all sorts of harmless reasons. Most of the time, it’s down to common bugs like colds,4a flu,4b or ear infections.4c Sometimes it happens after the administration of a vaccine4d or simply from being a bit too warm from hot weather or too much clothing.4e Teething can also make babies feel slightly hotter than usual.4d Of course, when your little one feels uncomfortable, all you want is to help them feel better, quickly and safely. The Power To Fight Their Pain Panado® Paediatric Range contains paracetamol, 5a one of the world’s trusted medicines for relieving pain and fever and backed by over 150 years of clinical use.5b Syrups are a reliable and convenient solution for pain and fever relief, eliminating the challenges associated with suspensions.2b The medicine is already dissolved, so there’s no need to worry about uneven doses.2c This ensures accuracy every time, making life just that little bit easier for parents. For the tiniest family members, Panado® Peppermint Syrup,6 suitable from birth, combines effective relief with an improved taste7 which makes dosing smoother and more pleasant. Panado®’s paracetamol-based Strawberry Paediatric Syrup10 now in convenient single-serve sachets, offers on-the-go relief for unexpected pain and fever in babies and children. Newly launched, each sachet contains a 5 ml dose, making it easy to dose and is small enough to carry in your pocket. And for babies from three months old, Panado® Infant Drops8 – recognised as Product of the Year 2025 in the Child Health category9 – provide precise dosing and easy administration, helping parents deliver the right amount every time. For added peace of mind, parents can scan the QR code or use the online Panado® Dosage Calculator at https://panado.co.za/dosage-calculator, which adjusts the dosage based on a child’s age and weight. This extra step helps ensure the right dose every time. New Look, Same Trusted1 Relief The Panado® Strawberry Syrup10 pack makes life easier for parents, with clear pain relief guidance. It helps you spot the right option in seconds, because when your child isn’t feeling well, you want to act fast and with confidence. Part of South African Family Life for Generations Panado® works fast11 and has been passed down through generations and is trusted1 by families across the country. So next time your baby feels warm to the touch, try not to panic. WithPanado®, you’ve got trusted1 pain relief on your side, helping you comfort your baby confidently – from day one. Panado® products are available from Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem and independent pharmacies. For more information, visit:https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. For references and legal disclaimers, visit https://panado.co.za/references. Embrace the Winter Warrior within, with Panado® As we brace ourselves for the winter months, it’s wise to be prepared. Adcock Ingram’s Winter Warriors 2026 Campaign offers a range of products aimed at combating common cold and flu symptoms. With trusted brands like Cepacol®, Panado®, Compral®, ProbiFlora™, Gummy® Vites and ViralGuard™, you can arm yourself and your loved ones against the seasonal sniffles. Approval ticket #02.20261000004802. February 2026.

May 21, 2026

Understanding sports injuries: The role of radiology in diagnosis and recovery

Sports injuries are common at all levels, from recreational athletes to elite professionals. Radiology not only helps diagnose injuries but also assists in monitoring recovery, identifying complications early and helping determine when it is safe to return to sport. Dr Ewoudt van der Linde, a radiologist at SCP Radiology specialising in musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging and sports injuries, discusses common injuries, imaging techniques and the role radiology plays in modern sports medicine. What is the role of a radiologist in sports injuries? Radiologists work as part of a multidisciplinary medical team. Imaging helps distinguish between minor and more significant injuries, such as differentiating a low-grade muscle strain from a major tear or identifying ligament injuries that may require surgery. Imaging also guides treatment decisions and, in selected cases, can be used to monitor healing and recovery, particularly in high-performance athletes. Are there specific sports that produce distinctive injury patterns? Yes. Running and field sports commonly result in muscle strains, ligament injuries and stress fractures. Sports involving rapid changes in direction, such as rugby or football, are often associated with knee ligament injuries and ankle sprains. Padel, tennis and golf frequently produce overuse injuries involving tendons around the shoulder, elbow and wrist, while running and jumping sports commonly affect the Achilles tendon. Are there particular sports injuries commonly seen in practice? Common injuries include muscle strains, ligament sprains, tendon injuries and stress-related bone injuries. In the lower limb, ankle sprains, Achilles tendon pathology and knee ligament injuries are frequently encountered. In the upper limb, shoulder and elbow tendon injuries are common, particularly in throwing or racquet sports. What imaging is used in sports injuries and why? Different imaging techniques are used depending on the suspected injury: Is imaging important even if an injury does not seem serious? Yes. Some injuries may appear minor but can involve underlying damage such as stress fractures, small ligament tears or early cartilage injury. Early detection may prevent worsening injury and reduce long-term complications. Is pain a good indicator of injury severity? Not always. Some serious injuries may initially cause only mild discomfort, while relatively minor conditions can be very painful. How do stress fractures differ from acute or occult fractures? Can imaging distinguish between inflammation, overuse injuries and structural damage? Yes. Imaging can help differentiate between low-grade inflammation or overuse changes and more significant injuries such as tendon tears, ligament ruptures or cartilage damage. This distinction is important because treatment and recovery timelines differ significantly. Can imaging help predict recovery time and return to sport? Imaging cannot provide an exact recovery timeline but does provide valuable information about the severity and extent of injury. In selected cases, imaging may also be used to monitor healing and assist with return-to-play decisions. Can you discuss concussion briefly? Concussions are common in sports such as rugby and are primarily a clinical diagnosis. Imaging is usually not required in mild cases. However, CT scans may be performed when there are concerning symptoms to exclude more serious injuries such as a brain bleed or skull fracture. What role does Interventional Radiology play in sports injuries? Interventional Radiology involves minimally invasive procedures performed under imaging guidance. In sports medicine, this may include image-guided injections for pain relief or aspiration of fluid collections. These procedures are typically performed using ultrasound or CT guidance and are generally less invasive than surgery. Are there any new imaging techniques particularly useful in sports medicine? Modern MRI techniques continue to improve and provide increasingly detailed evaluation of soft tissues, allowing earlier detection of subtle injuries. Ultrasound technology has also advanced significantly, with higher-resolution imaging and expanded use in both diagnosis and image-guided procedures. Why is specialised MSK imaging important? Sports injuries often involve complex anatomy and subtle findings. Subspecialised MSK radiologists develop expertise in recognising injury patterns and understanding sport-specific demands, helping provide more accurate diagnoses and clinically relevant reporting.

May 21, 2026

Supporting the next generation of doctors: Bonitas and Gift of the Givers award medical bursaries at Wits University

Bonitas Medical Fund, in partnership with humanitarian organisation Gift of the Givers, recently awarded bursaries to three medical students: Keikantse Swaratlhe (23), Blake Delroy Pierce Green (28) and Singita Manganye (24) at Wits University. The students are among some of the top performers at the university, looking to specialise in various fields including dermatology, paediatrics and internal medicine. As they look forward to learning and growing their knowledge in medicine, the bursaries come at a crucial time, providing financial support and easing the burden of university fees. In addition to financial assistance, the bursary programme aims to help address some of the challenges facing the medical fraternity in South Africa, including overloaded public hospitals, understaffed clinics and a shortage of medical professionals.

May 15, 2026

Millennials can now add hypertension to their list of potential health risks

Just when it feels like there are already enough things on the millennial worry list, from student debt and rising living costs to burnout and trying to maintain some semblance of work-life balance, experts say hypertension may be another issue quietly joining that list. Ahead of World Hypertension Day on 17 May, health experts are drawing attention to a concerning shift in high blood pressure diagnoses, where the disease is no longer confined to older adults and is increasingly affecting younger South Africans. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, has long been associated with older adults, but research increasingly shows that younger adults are being affected far more than previously thought. A 2025 study published in the Journal of Human Hypertension found that 24% of South Africans aged between 24 and 40 reported having hypertension, yet only 16.8% had good knowledge of the condition. This gap highlights a growing concern that many young adults may be living with elevated blood pressure without realising it. Several modern lifestyle factors are contributing to this shift. Long working hours, financial pressure, highly processed convenience foods, limited time for exercise and the constant mental load that often comes with balancing careers, families and daily responsibilities can all contribute to rising blood pressure levels. “One of the biggest challenges with hypertension in younger adults is that it often goes unnoticed. People may feel healthy and assume their risk is low, yet elevated blood pressure can already be placing strain on the heart and blood vessels,” says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. “The reality is that high blood pressure can develop silently for years and may only be detected during routine screening.” The good news, says Hadebe, is that hypertension is one of the most manageable chronic health conditions when it is detected early. With proper monitoring, lifestyle adjustments and, where necessary, medication, many people can control it and significantly reduce the risk of serious complications later in life. What you need to know about hypertension Hypertension occurs when the force of blood pushing against artery walls remains consistently too high. Over time, this increased pressure can damage blood vessels and strain major organs. However, things get a bit trickier when we start asking how to spot hypertension and its symptoms. Often called a “silent condition”, hypertension for many people results in experiencing no symptoms at all, especially in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include: Because these symptoms can easily be dismissed as stress or fatigue from dehydration, many people only discover they have high blood pressure during a routine medical check. But, if left unmanaged, hypertension can have serious long-term health consequences, significantly increasing the risk of heart disease and heart failure. It is also one of the leading causes of stroke. High blood pressure can also damage the kidneys, affect vision by damaging the small blood vessels in the eyes and weaken arteries throughout the body, increasing the risk of circulation problems and aneurysms. “The challenge with hypertension is that damage can occur long before a person feels unwell,” explains Hadebe. “This is why early detection and consistent management are critical.” What young adults can do about it now For young adults juggling careers and families, preventative healthcare can easily fall down the priority list, but all it takes is only a few minutes and a simple blood pressure check to get important insight into your overall health. Blood pressure screenings can be done during routine GP visits, at many pharmacies or through workplace wellness programmes. They’re even more important for those with a family history of hypertension and who have other risk factors present, like smoking, obesity, diabetes, high stress levels or sedentary lifestyles. You can also play a proactive role in keeping blood pressure in check by making a few lifestyle adjustments. Reducing your salt intake, doing your best to maintain a healthy weight, moving and exercising regularly, keep alcohol intake to a minimum and cutting out smoking completely are all a good start. “Hypertension is not something that should cause panic, but it is something that should be taken seriously,” says Hadebe. “Depending on their benefit option, Bonitas Medical Fund members have access to preventative screening benefits, GP consultations and chronic condition management support that assists with the diagnosis and ongoing management of conditions such as hypertension.”

May 14, 2026

Don’t blame the iodine if you react to a contrast scan

What is a contrast scan? ‘A contrast scan is a medical imaging test, such as a CT scan or MRI,’ says Dr Jean de Villiers, a radiologist and director of SCP Radiology, ‘that uses a special dye called a ‘contrast agent’ to make certain areas of the body easier to see. The contrast helps highlight blood vessels, organs or abnormal tissues, providing clearer and more detailed images. Dr de Villiers talks about the dye, what it is used for and debunks the myth that it is the iodine that causes allergic reactions in some people. For MRI scans, a different type of contrast is used, which is gadolinium-based and, while allergic reactions are possible, they are extremely rare. Why is it used? The contrast agent shows the blood flow through arteries and veins, blockages, bleeding or abnormal growths and detailed organ structure (such as the brain, liver or kidneys). In short, contrast helps to highlight differences between normal and abnormal tissue, improving diagnosis and treatment planning. How is the dye administered? The contrast agent is usually injected into a vein but, in some cases it can be swallowed or given as a rectal enema, depending on the area being examined. It temporarily changes the way radiation or magnetic fields interact with the body’s internal structures. Is there an iodine allergy risk in a contrast scan? This is a common concern, but it’s a bit misunderstood. People often believe they are allergic to iodine because they may have reacted to contrast dye in the past or to shellfish, which contain iodine. However, iodine itself is not an allergen. According to radiologists and allergists, the body doesn’t mount an allergic immune response to iodine as it’s a basic element, essential to human health, particularly for thyroid function. What causes allergic reactions in contrast scans? The culprits are usually one of the other compounds, not iodine. Most contrast agents used in CT scans are iodinated contrast agents however, reactions tend to be linked to the chemical structure of the compound, not its iodine content. Reactions may range from mild (nausea, itching, flushing) to more serious (difficulty breathing or anaphylactoid reactions), which mimic allergies but do not involve the immune system in the same way. These reactions are typically caused by: Advancements in the type of contrast agent used have significantly reduced the rate of reactions in patients. To confirm: It’s not the iodine, it’s the other compounds attached to the iodine in the dye and the body’s unique response to them. That is why patients are always asked about any previous contrast reactions, asthma or other allergies before being given the contrast injection. ‘Whether you are asked or not,’ says Dr de Villiers, it’s always best to inform the radiology team if you have had any previous allergic contrast reactions.’

May 13, 2026

Protecting Hearing from Newborn to Adulthood

We live in a country where daily life can include everything from bustling taxi ranks and construction noise to loud music and community events, and protecting your hearing is not just important; it is essential across every stage of life. The reality is that noise-induced hearing loss is permanent but often preventable with appropriate precautions. At NB Hearing and Balance, we believe that building good habits early and maintaining them over time can make a meaningful difference. Why Noise Awareness Matters Sound is measured in decibels (dB), and prolonged exposure to sounds above 85 dB can increase the risk of hearing damage. For context, busy traffic or a minibus taxi ride can reach this level, while concerts, nightclubs, and even some religious services can exceed 100 dB. Other cultural and social environments often celebrate music and community gatherings, both important aspects of life, but they can also increase the risk of long-term hearing damage if precautions are not taken. Protecting Hearing from the Very Beginning: Newborns and Infants Did you know that newborns have highly sensitive auditory systems, and early exposure to loud environments can be harmful? In addition, identifying hearing challenges early is critical for speech and language development. Tips for newborn hearing protection: Early Childhood and Primary School Years Our school environments can sometimes be noisy, and children may also be exposed to loud music through headphones, tablets, or shared devices. At this stage, education and habit-building are key. Tips for protecting young ears: This is also the stage where early signs of hearing or auditory processing difficulties may become noticeable, particularly in classroom settings. Teenagers and Young Adults: High-Risk Years Teenagers and young adults are among the most at-risk groups for noise-induced hearing damage. Social activities often include loud music, whether through headphones, clubs, festivals, or car sound systems. Often, music and nightlife are vibrant parts of youth culture, and awareness becomes especially important. Practical strategies: Temporary ringing in the ears (tinnitus) after a night out is a possible early warning sign and should not be ignored. Adults in the Workplace and Daily Life It is not unusual for many to be exposed to occupational noise, particularly in industries like mining, construction, manufacturing, and transport. Even outside of formal workplaces, daily exposure to traffic, generators during load shedding, and urban noise can add up. Workplace and lifestyle tips: Employers also have a responsibility to implement hearing conservation programmes, but personal awareness remains crucial. Older Adults: Maintaining Hearing Health Hearing changes can naturally occur with age, but lifelong noise exposure can accelerate this process. Untreated hearing loss in older adults is linked to social isolation, reduced quality of life, and even cognitive decline. The good news is that proactive care can help maintain hearing and overall wellbeing. Key considerations: A Lifelong Commitment to Hearing Health Protecting your hearing is not about avoiding sound; it is about managing it wisely. Consistent actions can have a lasting impact. Whether it is lowering the volume, wearing ear protection, or scheduling a hearing check, these steps help preserve one of our most important senses. Hearing connects us to people, to environments, and to experiences. Taking care of it should be part of everyday life. Our audiologists are here to help and have convenient locations across Cape Town. Contact us, we are here to listen.

May 12, 2026

Putting together your birth plan

As you enter your third trimester you’ll have probably done a fair bit of research on the birth process (if this is your first) and may have a good idea of what you want before, during and after delivery. There are many options and opinions, from whether or not you want pain medication to how many people you would like supporting you. However, trying to keep track of your choices during labour may be tricky, which is why you’d put together a birth plan. So what exactly is it and how do you put one together? Why should I put together a birth plan? Your birth plan is your choices or preferences before, during and after labour and delivery. While things may not always go according to plan, having your preferences written down and communicated means you, your midwives and doctor have a more mutual understanding. However, if your pregnancy doesn’t go accordingly, you need to be prepared to make adjustments on the day. What should be in my birth plan? Your birth plan is how you’d like everything would go in the best-case scenario. Your birth plan will also have to take into consideration what is available at the hospital or place where you are giving birth. Some birth plans are very basic, just outlining a simple overview, whereas others may be far more detailed and in-depth. The choice is yours. Typically a birth plan will include before, during and after labour and birth preferences. Such as who you want to assist you during birth, whether or not you want any pain medication, you birthing positions, and requests for newborn care, such as skin-to-skin time. How can I learn more about the birth process? If you feel like you need to top up your birthing knowledge before putting together a plan they are a few ways you can go about this. Joining antenatal classes are a good way to learn more and to meet other women in your position. Chatting to friends or family who has been through the birthing process themselves is another good way to see what would work best for you. If you and your partner are having a baby together, keep them in the loop as well. Find out what they expect during labour and you can chat about what you want, and what role you see them playing in the process.

May 7, 2026

Pocket-Sized Reassurance for Life’s Unexpected Moments

Panado® knows that pain and fever in children never happen in just one place and often start without warning. You can schedule playdates, swimming lessons and dentist appointments, but you cannot schedule pain and fever. You can colour code the calendar and set reminders on your phone, but you cannot predict when pain and fever will strike. One minute, your child is perfectly fine, racing around the playground or chasing butterflies in the park. The next, they are flushed, clingy and telling you something hurts. Many children will experience cold and flu symptoms, fevers, teething, toothache, and the odd sore throat, yet they can still catch you off guard. While you cannot prevent every virus or growing pain, you can control how prepared you are when pain and fever show up with Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets.1 Designed for real-life parenting moments, each sachet contains a single 5 ml dose of Panado® Strawberry Syrup, powered by paracetamol, an ingredient with more than 150 years of clinical experience2. The sachets are sealed, hygienic, compact and easy to store or carry, making them perfect for travel and everyday outings. Containing the same trusted3 formulation, strength and berry nice flavour parents know, Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets are ready to work immediately4 and are suitable for babies and children from three months and older. When needed, you tear or cut it open, measure the correct dose using a syringe or medicine measure, administer it and discard any remaining liquid. To support safe and accurate use, dosage is calculated according to a child’s age and weight. Parents can check the Panado® dosage calculator at panado.co.za/dosage-calculator, or scan the QR code for guidance. This helps take the guesswork out of dosing and gives extra peace of mind. The medicine cabinet Your medicine cabinet is often the first place you turn when your child feels unwell. Keeping Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1 there means you are prepared without scrambling through drawers in the middle of the night. The nappy bag The humble nappy bag holds wipes, nappies, snacks, toys and at least three things you forgot were in there. Toss in a few Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1, and you’re set for unexpected temperature spikes on the go. Handbags and pockets As children grow, the nappy bag fades, but life’s curveballs don’t. Slip a slim Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachet1 into your handbag – or pocket on hectic days – in case your little one feels under the weather when you’re out and about. The cubby hole A lot of your week plays out in the car, from school drop-offs and drives to friends, to quick dashes to the shops, and everything else in between. Stash Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1 in the cubby for instant access. The first aid kit Whether for trips, sleepovers, or school outings, your first aid kit already has plasters, antiseptics, and bandages. Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1 round it out perfectly for pain and fever relief. Children will have days when they don’t feel their best. You cannot prevent each one, but you can be ready for them. Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1 help parents slip a little reassurance into the places you use every day so wherever life takes you and your child, trusted3 pain and fever relief travels with you. Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets sit alongside the wider Panado® paediatric range, which includes Panado® Strawberry Syrup1, Panado® Peppermint5, suitable from Day 1 and Panado® Infant Drops6. Panado® Infant Drops were named a Product of the Year 2025 winner in the Child Health category7, based on votes from 2,000 South African consumers in a Kantar survey. Panado® products are available from Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem and independent pharmacies. For more information, visit: https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. For references and legal disclaimers, visit https://panado.co.za/references. Approval ticket #03.20261000005039. March 2026.

May 1, 2026

Why malaria is catching Gauteng residents off guard

For many South Africans, malaria is still seen as a distant risk, only associated with trips to the Kruger or rural parts of the country, and is widely assumed to be confined to the Lowveld or border regions such as Limpopo and Mpumalanga. However, recent developments show why that perception may be putting Gauteng residents at risk. In the first three months of 2026 alone, the Gauteng Department of Health recorded 414 confirmed malaria cases and 11 deaths – already exceeding the total number of fatalities recorded for the whole of 2025. While local transmission remains rare in Gauteng, most cases are linked to travel to malaria-endemic regions such as parts of Limpopo, Mpumalanga or neighbouring countries, with symptoms often appearing only days or even weeks after someone has returned home. In rare instances, infections can occur without travel when infected mosquitoes are inadvertently transported into non-endemic areas through vehicles or aircraft, a phenomenon known as “odyssean malaria”. “The problem is that malaria is often not immediately suspected in urban settings, meaning symptoms are mistaken for a routine viral illness. And because malaria is not something many Gauteng residents expect to encounter, early symptoms can easily be dismissed,” says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. “Delay in recognising the illness and seeking care is where the real danger lies.” Malaria is also widely misunderstood. Unlike many infectious diseases, it is not contagious and cannot spread from person to person through casual contact. Infection only occurs when someone is bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito carrying the malaria parasite. Don’t ignore flu-like symptoms One of the reasons malaria is frequently missed in its early stages is that the symptoms resemble common seasonal illnesses, like fever, chills, headaches, fatigue, muscle aches and nausea. Because of this overlap, people may try to manage symptoms at home rather than seeking medical care. This is where misconceptions can be dangerous. Malaria is not caused by a virus but by parasites transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, which invade red blood cells and can progress rapidly if left untreated. “If someone develops flu-like symptoms and there has been any possible exposure, even weeks earlier, malaria should be considered and tested for,” says Hadebe. “Testing is quick and accessible, and early diagnosis dramatically improves outcomes.” When malaria becomes a medical emergency Although malaria often starts with relatively mild symptoms, it can deteriorate quickly. Warning signs that require urgent medical attention include confusion, difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, seizures, jaundice, extreme weakness or reduced consciousness. These symptoms may indicate severe malaria, which is a life-threatening complication that requires immediate treatment. If malaria is suspected, the most important step is to seek medical care without delay. Blood tests or rapid diagnostic tests can confirm infection, allowing treatment to begin quickly. Waiting to see if symptoms improve, or attempting to self-medicate, could allow the disease to progress rapidly. The hidden travel risk many South Africans overlook Many people associate malaria risk only with extended travel to remote areas. In reality, exposure often occurs during routine regional travel, including holidays or family visits to malaria-endemic parts of South Africa or neighbouring countries such as Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Symptoms may only appear days or even weeks after returning home, which can make the connection easy to miss. “Travel history is one of the most important clues clinicians rely on when assessing a patient with fever,” says Hadebe. “Even short trips to malaria-risk areas can result in infection, so it is critical that patients mention any recent travel when seeking medical care.” Malaria remains both preventable and treatable, but delays in diagnosis and treatment significantly increase the risk of severe illness and death. Seek medical advice early when symptoms appear and ensure prompt testing and treatment to prevent avoidable loss of life.

April 29, 2026

Help your toddler survive your divorce

Divorce is unpleasant, emotional and can be a downright hurtful experience. The problem is that we sometimes forget that we aren’t the only ones experiencing this pain. Often our children suffer an unnecessary degree of hurt as a result of our incompatibility with our chosen partner… Some tips: Consistency This is a watchword for the divorcing parent! With toddlers, parents must be mindful of the need for consistency in the child’s life. This is not the time to drag them from house to house. If at all possible, they should stay in familiar surroundings with the noncustodial parent visiting there. Communication At this age, the toddler understands more than they are often given credit for. They can comprehend that one parent has left the home, but not understand why. At this age, their concept of time is also arbitrary. Your child may ask you when they are going to see their daddy, or why their daddy isn’t here anymore. No matter how many times you have to give them the answers, don’t get frustrated with them, as their world is very confusing at this time. This ties back into consistency, as you become their source of understanding and answers. Conflict If you have to argue or “debate passionately”, make sure to do it in a way that doesn’t cause your child undue fear or concern. Remember, you are the adults in this situation and you have a responsibility to your child, to reduce as much harm as this separation is causing, as possible. Behaviour Toddlers often test their boundaries by saying “No” to adults or testing limits, such as hitting or throwing. This behaviour and acting out can increase during the divorce process as a result of confused boundaries and definitions in the family environment. Toddlers need clear, consistent rules (back to consistency!) that are enforced in a loving way. Empathy Toddlers don’t have a very developed sense of empathy and tend to be concerned primarily with how their own needs are to be met. In the event of divorce, their sense of security becomes more self-oriented and their concern is about whether or not they will be secure, if they will be loved and nourished. Emotions As your toddler becomes more aware of their own feelings, they learn to express them through words and play. As tensions increase in the household due to impending divorce, they may become more reactive. Strong feelings are hard for them to manage and moderate. Don’t forget to let them know that its ok to feel them, but remember to help them manage the intensity by proper displays of your own emotional state, as well as appropriate levels of affection and understanding towards your child. Why do divorce rates increase? There are several reasons that have been put forward as to why there could be an increase in the number of divorces being seen. Here are just a few! Time of year There is a commonly recognised trend that causes a spike in divorce numbers around January and February. The assumption here is that partners who are already discontent often reach a decisive point after having to spend prolonged holidays with their partners over the festive season. This seems to galvanise many into initiating divorce proceedings in the New Year. Empowerment With the increase in awareness of rights according to the constitution of South Africa, more women have become more empowered and are less likely to remain in abusive or undesirable relationships. In the past, many women would remain in unhappy relationships as they felt that they did not have another option, but in current times, a better degree of knowledge and understanding of women’s’ rights could be contributing to the rise of divorce. No-fault divorce South African law provides for no-fault divorce based on the “irretrievable breakdown” of the marital relationship. Couples no longer need to prove that one person is at fault. They can simply say that the marriage relationship has broken down. In essence, it has become much easier to secure a divorce on clear and available legal grounds, with less procedure than in the past. Traditional roles In the past, traditional roles played a strong part in maintaining the marital unit. Partners did not question their lot in the marriage as openly and as a result, there was less open conflict. This is not to say that there was more happiness, merely less interpersonal disagreement. With the blurring of the definition of these roles, there is a rise in open disagreement, ending too often in divorce. Greater social acceptance In certain cultural groups in South Africa, divorce has long held an extremely shameful cloud over the divorcee, especially for the former wife. This has resulted in shunning and community abandonment, which served to discourage others from initiating proceedings. The more accepting the societies become of the concept; the more individuals are willing to pursue it as a route out of an undesirable marriage. Less guilt It is not uncommon these days for couples to wait 10 years before having children. As a result, many do not feel the same degree of guilt over “breaking up” the family unit, or over causing children distress. The disclaimer “at least there aren’t kids involved” can be heard echoing through the divorce courts.

April 29, 2026

Calming a Child with Sensory Processing Difficulties

Many people are unaware that there is a difference between a tantrum and a meltdown. While both may involve screaming, kicking, shouting, biting and even swearing, there are some fundamental differences. Tantrums involve a child who has been frustrated in their attempt to do or have something, they usually only occur with an audience and they’ll usually abate once the child has what they want. Meltdowns on the other hand are a reaction to feeling overloaded or overwhelmed and there is no end goal or need for an audience. Meltdowns are the most common complaint of parents who have children with sensory processing issues and can result from trips to the supermarket, parties, classrooms or even just a bumpy sock. Most often, these children have trouble transitioning from one activity to another and may meltdown every day when they have to move from playing to school or from bath-time to bedtime. Their brains are continuously receiving jumbled messages from their senses and just getting through the day can be incredibly frustrating and overwhelming. Because they are often not getting enough proprioception, they seek ways to stimulate their muscles and joints (which can be very calming for them) and so may seem to be in perpetual motion. They tend to be both under and over stimulated at the same time! Here are some tips both for avoiding the meltdowns in the first place, and for calming a child who is becoming over stimulated and ready to crack. Firstly, predictability is very important for these children. They need to know what is happening and what will happen next and need lots of warning if there will be changes in their routine and/or if they need to transition to a new activity or environment. Making a picture chart of their daily routine can be helpful with the little ones so that they know what to expect next. Consistency is important too. Being very consistent with rules and consequences and with your own reactions to things. Never ever restrict movement time as a punishment. I’m not a fan of punishment at all, as “bad behaviour” is really just a communication from a child that something is not right, but these children do need predictable and clear boundaries in order to feel safe. It is essential to keep their blood sugar levels stable. Low blood sugar levels can exacerbate the symptoms and meltdowns. High protein, high fat and low carb diets are ideal. Sugar is a no-go area. Having a sensory retreat can be very helpful for recovering from a meltdown. Have a quiet, dark area like a tent with lots of pillows, some soft music, a chew toy and maybe even a weighted blanket. When you’re out and about, make sure you have a bottle with ice cold water and a straw for them to drink from, keep a pack of chewy snacks like biltong, raisins etc, have a stress ball or Prestick or a strip of Velcro for them to play with, get them to carry a heavy backpack, and consider purchasing some soundproof headphones to block out excess noise. At home, useful aids include an indoor or outdoor trampoline, a weighted blanket, a pilates ball, a rocking chair or swing. They need safe ways to jump, kick, run, push, pull and punch. This could involve jungle gyms or pull up bars, or even just pushing a heavy bag around the house or pulling a heavy wagon on a walk (or even pushing the trolley or carrying heavy groceries at the shops). Bath time can be improved by scrubbing them with a rough brush or sponge or giving them a deep massage after the bath, having a massage jet spray in the bath, and buying them an electric toothbrush instead of the ordinary ones. At cooking time, give your sensory child something to do like heavy mixing, rolling of dough, carrying heavy pots or tenderising meat with a mallet. Helping around the house can also be very calming for them – get them to vacuum or move furniture so you can clean or to do the heavy digging in the garden. Playtime on rainy days can be supplemented with indoor obstacle courses or creating an indoor sandpit with beans or popcorn instead of sand and the usual cups, shovels, cars etc. Other calming tips can include using a special video or song to transition between two activities, placing a heating pad on the back of their neck, using lavender or chamomile essential oils dropped behind their ears, drinking chamomile tea, and even sandwiching them between two pillows and squashing them. There is some research now to suggest that kids with sensory processing issues have inflammation in the brain, which can be relieved by supplementing high doses of Omega 3’s and curcumin (the active ingredient in turmeric). A regular probiotic can also help. It is also hugely beneficial if you are calm. Doing some deep breathing when your child is losing it will ensure that you can think clearly and come up with solutions to pull them out of their meltdown instead of joining them in it! Remember that your child is not trying to be naughty or difficult, they are genuinely struggling to keep it together in the world and to feel ok in their own skin. A bit of patience, a lot of creativity, and some forethought can go a long way towards helping these kids to get through a day without a meltdown.

April 29, 2026

Cookie	Duration	Description
cookielawinfo-checkbox-advertisement	1 year	The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional	11 months	The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy	11 months	The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.

Cookie	Duration	Description
_ga	2 years	This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors.
_gid	1 day	This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form.

Cookie	Duration	Description
_gat_gtag_UA_18530557_4	1 minute	No description
pron_ip	session	No description
pvc_visits[0]	1 day	This cookie is created by post-views-counter. This cookie is used to count the number of visits to a post. It also helps in preventing repeat views of a post by a visitor.
tk_ai	session	Gathers information for WordPress by themselves, first party analytics tool about how WP services are used. A collection of internal metrics for user activity, used to improve user experience.