Expert Advice from Bonitas Medical Fund
Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

You’re pregnant! But is your baby automatically covered by medical aid?

Pregnancy comes with a long list of things to prepare for: antenatal appointments, choosing a hospital, packing a hospital bag, buying tiny clothes and, eventually, figuring out how you’re going to function on very little sleep. But there is another question expecting parents should ask before their baby arrives: what happens to my baby’s medical aid cover when they’re born? It may seem like a straightforward question, but it is one that can catch parents off guard. Many assume that because they have medical aid and their pregnancy and maternity care are covered, their baby is automatically covered too. The reality is that maternity benefits and newborn registration are not necessarily the same thing. The rules can differ between medical schemes and options, which is why understanding what your specific cover provides, and what you need to do once your baby arrives, is important. Does my medical aid automatically cover my unborn baby? This is one of the questions many first-time parents may not think to ask. While a mother may have maternity benefits that cover certain antenatal consultations, scans, tests and the delivery, that does not mean parents can simply assume their newborn has been formally added to the medical scheme. The baby will generally need to be registered with the medical scheme after birth, and there are deadlines for doing so. With Bonitas members for example, newborns must be registered within 30 days of birth to qualify for cover from birth without waiting periods or underwriting, subject to the applicable scheme rules. That makes the registration process something parents should understand before they head to hospital, rather than something to worry about once they are home with their new arrival. “Pregnancy and childbirth involve a lot of planning, and medical scheme administration is easy to overlook among everything else parents are preparing for,” says Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer at Bonitas. “Understanding your maternity benefits and knowing what needs to happen once your baby is born can help parents avoid unnecessary stress during an already busy time.” But what happens if my baby needs medical care immediately after birth? This is where understanding your cover becomes particularly important. While many newborns will only need routine examinations and follow-up appointments, some babies may require additional medical attention in their first hours, days or weeks. A newborn could need treatment for conditions such as jaundice, feeding difficulties or breathing problems, or require investigations, specialist consultations or neonatal care. For parents, this can be an incredibly stressful experience. The last thing they want to be wondering about is whether their baby is covered or whether they will be responsible for unexpected costs. This is why parents should speak to their medical scheme before the birth and understand exactly what happens if their baby requires medical treatment immediately after delivery. Questions worth asking include: The answers will depend on the medical scheme and option, so it is important not to rely on assumptions or advice from friends and family. One of the easiest things to overlook There is a tendency to think that once you’ve had one baby, you know how the process works, but medical scheme benefits, options and rules can change, and every pregnancy and birth is different. Even parents welcoming their second or third child should take a few minutes to check their current benefits and understand what has changed since their previous pregnancy. The goal isn’t to expect something to go wrong. It is simply to know what to do if it does. “When parents understand what their medical scheme covers and what they need to do to register their newborn, they can approach those first few weeks with greater confidence,” says Callakoppen. “It means that if their baby does need additional medical attention, they are better prepared to focus on their child and their recovery rather than trying to navigate the administration at the same time.” Preparing for a baby isn’t only about choosing a name, buying a pram or deciding whether you really need 14 different types of newborn clothing. It is also about understanding what happens once your baby arrives, including how their healthcare cover works. Your best starting point is simple: speak to your medical scheme before the birth, understand your maternity benefits, ask how your newborn will be covered, and make a note of the registration deadline. When you’re holding your newborn for the first time, the last thing you want to be doing is wondering what you were supposed to do next. A few questions before the birth could mean one less thing to worry about when baby arrives.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Postpartum bleeding – what is normal?

Giving birth to your baby after 9 months can be a relieving, beautiful and exciting experience. Postpartum your body will still be going through adjustments for a while, and as you care for your new baby, you’ll need to remember to take care of yourself as well. Postpartum bleeding, also known as lochia, is normal after both vaginal and c-section births, however, it is best to know what is and isn’t common in post birth bleeding. Normal postpartum bleeding Lochia is similar to menstruation in the way in which it is made up of blood and tissue, it’s just heavier and longer lasting – it should stop between 4 and 6 weeks after giving birth. Initially, your bleeding will be heavy. This first phase of postpartum bleeding is known as lochia rubra and you’ll experience this in the first 3 to 4 days. Bleeding will be red to reddy brown and you may have small clots. In the next few days after birth your lochia will decrease in volume. Lochia serosa lasts 4 to 10 days and during this period your blood will darken in colour and become more watery. Blood clots should get smaller and disappear. Finally you’ll experience lochia alba, which usually lasts about another 1 to 2 weeks, but can be up to 28 days. Discharge will be yellowy white in colour, you may see pinkish or brown stains on some days. There should be no smell other than what you would experience during a normal period – a strong odor can be a sign of an infection. When to reach out to your doctor Even though lochia is normal, if you are bleeding heavily this can indicate that you have a postpartum haemorrhage. If your bleeding is heavy a week after birth, you experience fever or chills, a tender abdomen or foul-smelling discharge, you’ll need to seek medical assistance.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

5 things every parent should know about the HPV vaccine

Cancer prevention may seem like an adult conversation, but when it comes to HPV, some of the most important protection can start in childhood. Here’s what parents and caregivers need to know. When your child is offered a vaccine at school, it is natural to have questions. What does it protect against? Why is it being given at this age? And, perhaps most importantly, why does my child need it now? The HPV vaccine can be an important opportunity to protect your child against certain cancers later in life. Here are five things every parent should know. The HPV vaccine is about cancer prevention – not sexual activity One of the biggest misconceptions about the HPV vaccine is that giving it to a child somehow assumes they are or will soon become sexually active. That isn’t the purpose of the vaccine. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is extremely common and can be passed through intimate skin-to-skin contact. Most HPV infections cause no symptoms and clear naturally, but persistent infection with certain high-risk HPV types can lead to cancer. “Parents may understandably wonder why a vaccine linked to a sexually transmitted virus is being offered to their child at such a young age. The answer is prevention. We want to provide protection before exposure to HPV occurs, giving children the best opportunity to benefit from the vaccine when they are older. This is why we offer 2 doses of the HPV vaccine for female beneficiaries between ages 9 and 14,” says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas. HPV is common, and you may never know you have it HPV isn’t something that only affects people who are unhealthy or have made poor choices. It is one of the most common viral infections globally, and most people will encounter HPV at some point in their lives. The challenge is that an HPV infection often has no symptoms. While most infections resolve on their own, persistent infection with high-risk HPV can cause abnormal cell changes that may eventually develop into cancer. Almost all cervical cancer cases are linked to HPV infection, making vaccination an important tool in cancer prevention. Why vaccinate so young? Because timing matters The HPV vaccine is most effective when given before exposure to the virus. This is why HPV vaccination is recommended during early adolescence, rather than waiting until adulthood. South Africa’s national school-based programme provides an opportunity to vaccinate eligible girls while they are still young and before potential exposure. And there has been encouraging progress. South Africa achieved 88% HPV vaccination coverage among eligible Grade 5 girls in 2024/25, according to the National Department of Health. But every child who misses that opportunity represents a gap in prevention. If your child missed a vaccination at school, speak to a healthcare professional about whether catch-up vaccination is appropriate. The HPV vaccine doesn’t mean you can forget about prevention later Getting vaccinated is an important step, but it doesn’t replace other preventative healthcare. The HPV vaccine significantly strengthens protection against HPV-related disease, but women should still follow recommended cervical cancer screening guidelines as they get older. Vaccination reduces risk, but it doesn’t eliminate the need for cervical cancer screening later in life. The World Health Organization’s cervical cancer elimination strategy aims for 90% of girls to be fully vaccinated against HPV by age 15 – alongside increased screening and timely treatment for women who need it. In other words, prevention is a journey, not a once-off appointment. Questions are encouraged – misinformation isn’t It is completely reasonable for parents to have questions before consenting to a child’s vaccination. If you’re unsure about the HPV vaccine, its safety, timing or whether your child needs a catch-up dose, speak to a healthcare professional who can provide advice based on your child’s circumstances. With so much information online, make sure your questions are answered by a qualified healthcare professional or a trusted health source. The bigger message is that preventative healthcare works best when we act early – before disease has an opportunity to develop. For parents and caregivers, the HPV vaccine is one small decision that can form part of a much bigger goal: protecting your child’s health today, so that they have a healthier tomorrow.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Due soon? What to include in your hospital bag

With your due date fast approaching, this is a very exciting, yet stressful time for most moms to be. Here is a great list of what to pack for the big day! Ideally, you should have your bag ready to go by 36 to 37weeks, apart from the last minute grabs such as your tooth brush and phone charger. Please see our extensive list of the essential items and also items to make you feel more comfortable for mom and baby (and dad, of course!) Baby Car seat – Many hospitals won’t let you leave without one. Please make sure you know how to strap baby properly into the seat and the seat is secure in the car. Safety first! A going home outfit: It’s important to keep baby skin to skin (this means no clothes on baby; only a nappy) for as long as possible, as this promotes growth, bonding and a calming period for you and your baby. When it’s time to go home, pack different outfits in different sizes as you don’t know how big or small baby will be. Aim for an outfit in Newborn sizes, and 0-3 months. Don’t forget a beanie or socks if the weather is cold. Blankets or Muslin wrap to keep baby nice and cosy. Bottles – If you are going into the hospital knowing you are going to bottle feed, take your bottles with. The hospital usually supplies the formula, but if you have a preferred brand, take some along. If breastfeeding doesn’t work for you, don’t stress! The nurses will provide the bottles and formula. Nappies and wipes to keep baby clean and dry. The nurses in the hospital will show you how to change baby if you are a first time mom. Mom Your medical aid information, your pre authorization/ doctors forms, your ID card and all other important documents you may need. Keep this safely in a folder all together to avoid any stress. A robe or dressing gown – This is such a handy item to have to cover up and make you feel comfortable Pyjama’s that button down at the front – If you are breastfeeding it’s a lot easier to undo the buttons than lift your top continuously. Comfortable, soft and loose pants such as lights weight shorts, stretchy leggings or sleep pants are ideal. Maternity pads and disposable breast pads. Nursing bras are also wonderful and offers great support for breastfeeding moms. Slippers or slip in shoes. Your feet may be a little swollen after delivery, so don’t feel bad leaving the hospital in the snuggest and easiest pair of shoes you can slip into. Slipper socks also work great. Cotton underwear, preferably in a dark or black colour. One that fits you well but rises above the uterus. This is good for moms who have a caesarean section and natural birth as it offers support and doesn’t cause pain along the wound site. Nipple cream – If you’re planning on breastfeeding, your nipples will be happy you are being so proactive. Toiletries – You will want to brush your hair and have a shower after baby has arrived. Take your shampoo, face cream, lotion and body wash, as well as your toothbrush and toothpaste. Deodorant, lip balm and extra hair ties are also a great items to have on hand. Cell phone charger – Because your phone will be full of photos of your new addition to your family. Water bottle and snacks. Take a reusable water bottle as its very important to keep hydrated during and post-delivery. Snack on dried fruit and wine gums to keep your sugar up and to give you energy (with permission from your midwife or doctor of course) A magazine or book, your laptop or some music. Labour may sometimes become a little long. It’s good to keep busy. Most hospitals and birthing clinics supply towels, pillows and blankets. If you have a favourite, take yours along to the hospital. A set of clothes to go home in. Your make up bag and straightener or curling iron. While you won’t be focused on looking great during labour, you may want to take some photos after the birth of your little one. Get someone to help you and make you feel good about yourself (and the great work you’ve just done!) Dad/Birthing partner Camera – Take photos! Lots of them. This is a great job for dad to do during birth. It will make them feel a lot more involved. Snacks: Another great job for dad. Full his bag with plenty of snacks and treats that you can both enjoy during your stay. Comfortable clothes – As he may be sitting with you for quite some time, let him pack some tracksuit pants, t shirts, slippers and hoodies.  Extra underwear is also a winner if he is staying overnight. Chargers – For phones, laptops and cameras. The longer the wire, the better, as most plug outlets are likely to be far from you. Toiletries – He may want to freshen up during the course of your stay. Many private hospitals offer you a baby bag when you are admitted for delivery. This is a great item and will contain most, if not all baby’s toiletries such as soap and creams. If you forget something, it’s not the end of the world. The nurses may be able to help or someone can go to the shop for you. All baby ideally needs is a clean nappy, milk, and most importantly, you.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Physical Touch & Newborns- Why is this so Important

The birth of your baby is a beautiful and special moment in both of your lives. You may be wondering about your newborn’s senses, while they are born with all necessary senses, some are less precise than others and develop as your baby grows. Physical touch is an important aspect of your child’s growth, coming from your womb, where they are tightly cocooned in your womb. Skin to skin contact offers benefits to both you and your baby, and touch is one of the senses that can help comfort your baby, making them feel more secure and helping strengthen the bond between the two of you. Why is touch important? Touch enables your baby to learn more about the world, bond with their mother and learn communication skills, as touch and body language will be the first way that you can ‘speak’ to one another. Breastfeeding is an important part of this, as your baby then spends time in her mother’s arms. The benefits of touch goes beyond the physical. Contact between mom and baby has been shown to lower cortisol levels, which in turn benefits the functioning of the immune system.  Children that are deprived of touch can be more aggressive with other conduct disorder problems. What is swaddling? Coming from a tightly packed womb, you’ll find that your baby is comforted by touch and close cuddles. Swaddling your baby in a blanket is also another technique that you can use on young babies to help them feel more secure, as it stops them from upsetting themselves from their own startle reflex. It’s important that your newborn finds their new world a comfortable and soothing place. Swaddling is an old technique, and beyond helping your little one feel safe and secure, your baby is likely to sleep better and will be kept nice and cosy in their blanket. If you decide to swaddle your baby it’s best to do so from birth, as opposed to introducing it when they are older as this can increase the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Using the proper techniques when swaddling is also important, as incorrect wrapping can lead to issues.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Should I be exercising while pregnant, and if so, how much?

For most exercise is a part of life, so it is natural to want to keep active for as long as possible while pregnant. You may wonder how much exercise you can keep doing as your baby develops, and what routine changes you’ll need to make as your baby grows bigger. If you have a complicated pregnancy or are dealing with a weak cervix, a low placenta or suffering from a heart condition, diabetes or asthma, it is best to consult with a doctor or health professional before putting together a pregnancy exercise plan. What are the benefits of exercise during pregnancy  Improving overall health and wellness, exercise is a vital part of keeping you feeling your best and can help with backache caused by pregnancy, as well as prepare you for labour and delivery. If you were active before your pregnancy, you should be able to keep training with modifications made to your program. Exercises that are low impact and carry small risk of injury are best and you should be able to remain active until birth. Exercising during pregnancy can help boost your mood and energy levels, improve muscle tone, strength and lessen back pain. Exercise can also help reduce fatigue and stress, as well as help improve your sleep, all of which helps make your pregnancy easier on your body and mind. Staying fit can also help shorten your post delivery recovery time, however, getting back into exercise postpartum can be difficult and you should avoid pushing yourself too hard in the beginning. Exercising during pregnancy isn’t only good for your overall wellness, but studies show that it can also improve your baby’s health. What type of exercise should I be doing?  During pregnancy it is important to keep tabs on how your body is feeling. If you have been exercising frequently pre-pregnancy it should be fine to continue to do so in moderation, however, if something feels strange or uncomfortable it is best to consult a health practitioner. Swimming, prenatal yoga and pilates, walking and water aerobics are all exercises that you can focus on during your pregnancy. Water activities are good as they give you buoyancy and put very little strain on your body, especially when you are close to giving birth. If you were an avid runner before, you should be able to continue into pregnancy with some alterations to your program.  Exercise to avoid High impact sports with a risk of falling should be avoided. These include horse riding, mountain biking, downhill skiing. Contact sports, such as rugby, kickboxing and soccer are also preferable to avoid as there is a risk of being hit. Scuba diving is a big no-no as the baby has no protection against decompression sickness.

Advice from the experts
Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Premature birth – what to expect

Expecting a baby is an exciting time of your life, and you want to make sure that you do as much as you can to make sure your new child is as healthy as possible. Premature birth is something you want to try to avoid or manage as carefully as possible. In many cases the cause is unknown, and according to The World Health Organisation, one in ten babies are born preterm. A birth is considered premature when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy. The final few weeks in the womb are important to your baby’s full development, so being born prematurely can lead to longer hospital stays, short term, and long term complications. Why does it happen? Some of the more common risk factors which contribute to preterm births are having had a premature birth before, you’re pregnant with twins/multiples or you have issues with your uterus or cervix. However, often the cause of preterm birth often can’t be identified. Your health is also a factor that impacts on your likelihood to have your baby prematurely. Smoking during your pregnancy (which is not recommended), diabetes, high blood pressure (which can develop into preeclampsia) and being over or under weight are all potential premature birth causes. To try and avoid preterm birth you can talk to your doctor about any existing health issues, such as depression, diabetes or high blood pressure) before getting pregnant – this way you can manage any problems with a treatment plan. Waiting 12 months between pregnancies and eating healthy (making sure that you get the correct prenatal vitamins needed) can also help prevent premature birth. What if my baby is born preterm? If your baby is born prematurely they are at risk for long and short term complications. Many preterm babies lead completely healthy lives, however, the more premature and underdeveloped your baby is when they are born, the more likely they are to have issues. If your baby is born prematurely they may be put into a neonatal intensive care unit into an incubator. Some babies will spend longer in the unit than others, this all depends on when they are able to live without medical support.

The Collective Genius Centre

Navigating the High School Jungle: A South African Parent’s Guide to Supporting a Teen with ADHD

If you are raising a teenager with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in South Africa, navigating the high school landscape can feel like an uphill battle. The shift from the structured environment of primary school to the heavy academic workload of Grade 8 through Grade 12 brings intense pressure. Between managing multiple subject teachers and prepping for high-stakes exams, the executive functioning demands can easily overwhelm a neurodivergent brain. Mainstream South African classrooms—frequently overpopulated and strictly bound to rigid timetables—are rarely designed with the ADHD brain in mind. However, with targeted classroom accommodations and alternative educational environments, your teen can bridge the gap between their potential and their performance. Understanding the Three Presentations of ADHD ADHD is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, and how it shows up in a teenager depends heavily on their specific type. The DSM-5 breaks ADHD down into three distinct presentations: Key Classroom Accommodations for the ADHD Brain When advocating for your teen at school or setting up an optimal learning space, focus on these environmental and procedural strategies: The Reality of Class Size In South Africa, it is not uncommon for public or standard private school classrooms to hold anywhere from 30 to 40 learners. For a teenager with ADHD, this amount of ambient noise, social movement, and sensory input is a recipe for cognitive overload. A larger class size also means a single teacher cannot easily notice when an inattentive student has drifted off. Minimising class size is one of the most effective structural interventions for neurodivergent learners. Normalising “Brain Breaks” Expecting a teen with ADHD to sit perfectly still through a 45-minute period—or a double period—is often counterproductive. Brain Breaks: Short, functional pauses built into a study routine to allow the nervous system to reset. Movement triggers the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, the exact neurotransmitters the ADHD brain lacks to sustain focus. Allow your teen to take small, discreet breaks. This could look like standing up at the back of the room for two minutes, doing a quick stretch, or running a small errand for the teacher to clear their head. Fidget Toys as Secondary Focus Tools There is a common misconception among educators that fidget tools are toys meant for play. For a neurodivergent learner, a quiet tactile item acts as a “secondary focus tool.” By occupying the physical restlessness of their hands, it frees up mental bandwidth to listen to a lecture. The golden rule for high schoolers is that the fidget must be silent and discreet to avoid peer disruption or unwanted attention. As shown above, great options include: Thinking Outside the Mainstream: The Collective Genius Centre For many South African teenagers, even with standard accommodations, a traditional school environment remains a mismatch for how their brains operate. This is where specialised alternative tuition environments offer a lifeline. Centres like The Collective Genius Centre based in Rosebank, Johannesburg, are deliberately built from the ground up to support learners who do not thrive in mainstream education. The Collective Genius Centre Approach Here is how a dedicated tuition centre bridges the gap for a teenager with ADHD: Moving Forward Raising a teenager with ADHD requires shifting your focus from making them “fit the mold” to finding a mould that fits them. Whether you work with their current school to introduce quiet fidgets and strategic brain breaks, or look into an alternative learning path like the small-group, independent design of The Collective Genius Centre, remember that your teen’s brain isn’t broken—it simply learns differently.

Parenting Hub

When “100% Juice” Isn’t the Full Story

In South Africa’s wellness economy, few phrases carry as much weight as “100% juice.” It signals purity, simplicity and health. Yet in an increasingly competitive beverage category, those two words can describe more than one production method. That is where the tension lies. The language designed to signal simplicity has grown more complex than many shoppers realise. Terms such as “from concentrate,” “not from concentrate,” “pressed,” and “fresh” are all legally permissible – yet not always widely understood. And when interpretation outpaces understanding, trust becomes fragile. According to registered dietitian and Nutrition consultant to CANSA, Megan Pentz-Kluyts, the confusion does not stem from dishonesty – it stems from the interpretation of terminology. “Consumers rely heavily on front-of-pack cues when making quick decisions,” Megan Pentz-Kluyts says. “But terms like ‘from concentrate’ have specific regulatory meanings. Without understanding those distinctions, shoppers may assume something about a product that is technically compliant – but not quite what they expected. Hence why it’s always advisable to check the ingredient list for clarity.”  The Concentrate Distinction Juice made “from concentrate” begins life as real fruit juice. During processing, water is removed to reduce volume and improve storage efficiency. Before packaging, that water is reintroduced to its original volume. Under South African food regulations, the final product may still legally qualify as 100% juice. For shoppers seeking clarity, ingredient lists can also provide an important signal, as South African labelling regulations require manufacturers to indicate when juice is made from concentrate. For many consumers, however, “100%” may imply freshly pressed – with no intermediate concentration stage. The issue is not legality. Concentrate remains a fully permitted and widely used global production method. The issue is clarity. In a post-Health Promotion Levy environment – where awareness around sugar and processing has heightened – shoppers are scrutinising ingredient lists more carefully than before. Parents, in particular, are paying closer attention to how beverages are made – not only how they are marketed. “When expectations and production methods do not clearly align, trust can weaken,” says Simonne Fourie, Rugani’s Commercial Head. “Even when products comply with regulation, transparency about processing supports informed choice.” Transparency as Competitive Advantage As scrutiny increases, some producers are leaning into operational transparency. Concentrate-based production remains the dominant global model because it reduces transport costs and extends shelf life. Fully integrated farm-to-bottle operations – where produce is grown, pressed and bottled in one location – remain comparatively uncommon. Some vertically integrated South African producers – such as Rugani Juice – have built their positioning around transparency in how juice is produced, including producing juice without a concentration and reconstitution stage. While concentrate remains fully legal, removing that intermediate step creates a more transparent production process – making it easier for consumers to understand how the product is made and what goes into it. According to Rugani’s Commercial Head, Simonne Fourie, consumer questions have become more detailed in recent years. “Shoppers are asking where ingredients come from and how they are processed,” she says. “For us, transparency is not a marketing message – it is how we operate.” The distinction is not about declaring one production method superior to another. It is about reducing ambiguity in a category built on perceived health. Why This Matters Wellness categories depend on credibility. When language becomes more sophisticated than consumer understanding, scepticism follows. “100% juice” is legally defined. But its emotional meaning to consumers often extends beyond regulation – suggesting freshness, minimal intervention and proximity to source. As the category evolves, brands that articulate how their products are made – in accessible, plain language – may find that transparency itself becomes their strongest differentiator. Because in a category built on trust, clarity is no longer optional.

Panado®

Panado® Supports on-the-go Parenting With New Convenient 5 ml Sachets

Panado® knows that on-the-go parenting is not for the faint hearted. Mornings begin with the school run and quickly turn into a juggling act of school bags, a taxic ride, traffic, potholes and grocery bags, before the day wraps up with a last dash to get supper on the table before bedtime. Add unexpected pain or fever, and it’s enough to make any parent sigh. Headaches, teething discomfort, sore throats, earaches, and temperature spikes in children have a habit of picking the worst possible moment. They often show up once shoes are on and everyone is already out the door, halfway through a long drive, or just before bedtime at Gogo’s house. A fever or high temperature might come on slow or rise quickly1a. It might also rise and fall throughout the day.1b Pain can also be tricky for children to explain2a. Older kids might be able to tell you what hurts or whether the pain comes and goes, but toddlers often just say they don’t feel well2b.  Add a busy day into the mix and symptoms such as fever can feel worse. Warm weather, lots of movement and not drinking enough fluids, especially during summer, can leave children more uncomfortable when they’re already feeling unwell3. Treating pain or fever promptly with age-appropriate medications helps reduce discomfort4 so your child can back to normal routines sooner.  For parents constantly on the move, having an easy-to-use, powerful and pocket-sized solution can make all the difference.  Created with busy parents in mind, Panado® has introduced a new way to handle pain and fever in everyday family life with Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets5.  Each sachet contains a single 5 ml dose of Panado® Strawberry Syrup5, powered by paracetamol, an ingredient with more than 150 years of clinical experience6. The sachets are sealed, compact and easy to store or carry, making them perfect for travel and everyday outings. Containing the same trusted7 formulation, strength and berry nice flavour parents know, Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets5 are ready to work immediately8 and are suitable for babies and children from three months and older. Slip one into a pocket, handbag, nappy bag, or backpack and relief is always close by. There is no bulky bottle to carry and no spills to worry about. Parents simply tear open a sachet, measure the correct dose using a syringe or medicine measure, and discard the remainder once the dose has been given.  To support safe and accurate use, dosage is calculated according to a child’s age and weight. Parents can check the Panado® dosage calculator at panado.co.za/dosage-calculator, or scan the QR code on pack for guidance. This helps take the guesswork out of dosing and gives extra peace of mind. The sachets sit alongside the wider Panado® paediatric range, which includes Panado® Strawberry Syrup5, Panado® Peppermint9, suitable from Day 1 and Panado® Infant Drops10. Panado® Infant Drops were named a Product of the Year 2025 winner in the Child Health category11, based on votes from 2,000 South African consumers in a Kantar survey. When children are uncomfortable, parents want something they can rely on. Panado® continues to be trusted7 to help soothe pain and fever, allowing little ones to settle, feel better and return to being themselves, whether you are at home or on the move. Panado® products are available from Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem and independent pharmacies. For more information, visit: https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook.  For references and legal disclaimers, visit https://panado.co.za/references. 02.20261000004931. February 2026.

Netcells

Choosing the best for your baby: why families trust Netcells

Expectant parents choosing stem cell banking with Netcells can feel confident they’re partnering for the long-term. For 21 years, Netcells has helped families protect what matters most – their children’s future health.   Stem cell banking is the process of collecting and storing stem cells from a newborn baby’s umbilical cord at birth. These cells are collected immediately after delivery from the umbilical cord blood and/or cord tissue—once considered medical waste—and cryogenically stored at extremely low temperatures for potential future use. Stem cells are unique because they have the ability to develop into different types of specialised cells in the body and are being used in established treatments such as blood and immune system disorders, with ongoing research exploring their role in regenerative medicine and tissue repair. Our track record reflects stability, trust and ongoing innovation, with every step of the journey designed to deliver lasting value, trusted security and reliable accessibility for the future. Here are the key reasons why Netcells is the preferred choice for African families: More choice, greater accessibility We understand that every family’s needs and budgets are different. That’s why Netcells now offers a more cost-effective cord tissue-only storage option in addition to its existing services, creating a more accessible entry point into stem cell banking. Cord tissue is rich in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are already being explored and used in regenerative medicine, including areas such as tissue and muscle repair, modulation of inflammation, and support of the immune system.  Double the security Security is at the heart of what we do. By utilising a secure location within South Africa and maintaining strong international ties through our UK partners, Smart Cells, Netcells provides a level of redundancy and disaster recovery that offers parents true peace of mind. Discovery Health partnership As the only stem cell bank partnered with Discovery Health, South Africa’s largest medical aid scheme, Netcells can offer unique benefits to Discovery members, including discounts that help significantly reduce the overall cost of stem cell banking.  Integrated reproductive health ecosystem Netcells isn’t just a storage facility; it is part of Next Biosciences – a local leader in reproductive health. This means our clients benefit from a wide ecosystem of reproductive health genetic testing and biological manufacturing services. We don’t just store cells; we are at the forefront of the science that will use them in the future. Financial peace of mind: No hidden fees When you bank with Netcells, you are making a long-term investment. To help you plan your family’s budget with confidence, we offer all-inclusive upfront pricing. Unlike models that require small annual payments – which can be subject to inflation and interest rate changes over time – our 10- and 20-year plans include all costs upfront, from collection to storage. You can choose to pay upfront, settle the balance after successful sample banking, or opt for a 12-, 24-, or 60-month payment plan, ensuring your sample is securely stored for the next 10 or 20 years.  Global standards, local expertise Our facility has been AABB accredited since 2011, ensuring that our laboratory processes meet the highest international benchmarks. Should your child ever require a transplant in Europe, the USA, or elsewhere, our accreditation ensures that the stored stem cells are recognised and accepted by international medical institutions. On top of this, we will cover the retrieval and transport costs to deliver the banked stem cells to you – wherever you are – should they ever be required for a transplant for an immediate family member later in life. Secure your future today The decision you make at birth may open doors to future medical treatments for your child or family. Join over 23 000 families who trust Netcells to preserve this unique opportunity. Explore our stem cell banking options and Discovery Health benefits here. 

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Due soon? What to include in your hospital bag

With your due date fast approaching, this is a very exciting, yet stressful time for most moms to be. Here is a great list of what to pack for the big day! Ideally, you should have your bag ready to go by 36 to 37weeks, apart from the last minute grabs such as your tooth brush and phone charger. Please see our extensive list of the essential items and also items to make you feel more comfortable for mom and baby (and dad, of course!) Baby Car seat – Many hospitals won’t let you leave without one. Please make sure you know how to strap baby properly into the seat and the seat is secure in the car. Safety first! A going home outfit: It’s important to keep baby skin to skin (this means no clothes on baby; only a nappy) for as long as possible, as this promotes growth, bonding and a calming period for you and your baby. When it’s time to go home, pack different outfits in different sizes as you don’t know how big or small baby will be. Aim for an outfit in Newborn sizes, and 0-3 months. Don’t forget a beanie or socks if the weather is cold. Blankets or Muslin wrap to keep baby nice and cosy. Bottles – If you are going into the hospital knowing you are going to bottle feed, take your bottles with. The hospital usually supplies the formula, but if you have a preferred brand, take some along. If breastfeeding doesn’t work for you, don’t stress! The nurses will provide the bottles and formula. Nappies and wipes to keep baby clean and dry. The nurses in the hospital will show you how to change baby if you are a first time mom. Mom Your medical aid information, your pre authorization/ doctors forms, your ID card and all other important documents you may need. Keep this safely in a folder all together to avoid any stress. A robe or dressing gown – This is such a handy item to have to cover up and make you feel comfortable Pyjama’s that button down at the front – If you are breastfeeding it’s a lot easier to undo the buttons than lift your top continuously. Comfortable, soft and loose pants such as lights weight shorts, stretchy leggings or sleep pants are ideal. Maternity pads and disposable breast pads. Nursing bras are also wonderful and offers great support for breastfeeding moms. Slippers or slip in shoes. Your feet may be a little swollen after delivery, so don’t feel bad leaving the hospital in the snuggest and easiest pair of shoes you can slip into. Slipper socks also work great. Cotton underwear, preferably in a dark or black colour. One that fits you well but rises above the uterus. This is good for moms who have a caesarean section and natural birth as it offers support and doesn’t cause pain along the wound site. Nipple cream – If you’re planning on breastfeeding, your nipples will be happy you are being so proactive. Toiletries – You will want to brush your hair and have a shower after baby has arrived. Take your shampoo, face cream, lotion and body wash, as well as your toothbrush and toothpaste. Deodorant, lip balm and extra hair ties are also a great items to have on hand. Cell phone charger – Because your phone will be full of photos of your new addition to your family. Water bottle and snacks. Take a reusable water bottle as its very important to keep hydrated during and post-delivery. Snack on dried fruit and wine gums to keep your sugar up and to give you energy (with permission from your midwife or doctor of course) A magazine or book, your laptop or some music. Labour may sometimes become a little long. It’s good to keep busy. Most hospitals and birthing clinics supply towels, pillows and blankets. If you have a favourite, take yours along to the hospital. A set of clothes to go home in. Your make up bag and straightener or curling iron. While you won’t be focused on looking great during labour, you may want to take some photos after the birth of your little one. Get someone to help you and make you feel good about yourself (and the great work you’ve just done!) Dad/Birthing partner Camera – Take photos! Lots of them. This is a great job for dad to do during birth. It will make them feel a lot more involved. Snacks: Another great job for dad. Full his bag with plenty of snacks and treats that you can both enjoy during your stay. Comfortable clothes – As he may be sitting with you for quite some time, let him pack some tracksuit pants, t shirts, slippers and hoodies.  Extra underwear is also a winner if he is staying overnight. Chargers – For phones, laptops and cameras. The longer the wire, the better, as most plug outlets are likely to be far from you. Toiletries – He may want to freshen up during the course of your stay. Many private hospitals offer you a baby bag when you are admitted for delivery. This is a great item and will contain most, if not all baby’s toiletries such as soap and creams. If you forget something, it’s not the end of the world. The nurses may be able to help or someone can go to the shop for you. All baby ideally needs is a clean nappy, milk, and most importantly, you.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Your pregnancy – a comprehensive guide

Morning sickness remedies The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Relieving morning sickness often takes some trial and error before you find a method that works for you. Here are a few suggestions you can try to see if you find them helpful. To find relief from a smell that is bothering your stomach try carrying a handkerchief or washcloth with a few drops of an essential oil in it that does not cause nausea, such as lemon. It may relieve morning sickness if you breathe into the handkerchief or washcloth, so you no longer smell the bothersome odour. Eat smaller meals every two hours or so. If you have morning sickness try eating cold foods as they have fewer smells that can make you feel sick. Vitamin B6 and B12 taken regularly as advised by your doctor could help reduce your nausea and/or vomiting due to morning sickness. Folic acid and pregnancy The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Neural tube defects are birth defects of a baby’s brain and spinal cord that occur early in a pregnancy. They can often be prevented when the mother takes folic acid just prior to getting pregnant and through the first part of the pregnancy. Because much of this time period occurs before a woman knows she is pregnant, and 50% of all pregnancies are unplanned, it’s recommended that all women of childbearing age have folic acid supplementation. The recommended amount of folic acid intake is about 400 micrograms (or 0.4 milligrams) for women of childbearing age. For women who have had a pregnancy that resulted in a neural tube defect a higher dose is often recommended. Less folic acid is required at other life stages so check with your doctor to determine your exact needs. First Trimester The first trimester (weeks 1 to 12) The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. The first trimester can be a difficult time for many pregnant women.  Some may feel great, while others may feel horrible.  Here are some of the changes you may experience during the first 3 months: Nausea is normal in up to 85% of women; this may or may not include vomiting Light spotting is normal and about 25% experience this during implantation Tender breasts Constipation Increased vaginal discharge that is thin and milky white in colour Increased fatigue Cravings and aversions to certain foods Increased urination Heartburn Mood swings Gaining weight Call your doctor right away if you experience any of the following: Significant bleeding, cramping or sharp abdominal pain Foul-smelling, green or yellow discharge Severe nausea or vomiting Severe dizziness Too much or too little weight gain (more than 3 kg (6.5 lbs.) per month or less than 1 kg (2 lbs.) per month) Second Trimester The second trimester (weeks 13 to 27) The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Most women find the second trimester the easiest and most enjoyable.  Usually, morning sickness and fatigue fade and you start feeling like your usual self again.  There are many big changes that occur during these weeks, some of these include: Growing breasts Gum discomfort, swelling or bleeding Increased pressure on back which can cause back pain Nasal congestion and increased nosebleeds Thin, milky white vaginal discharge continues Increased urination, heartburn and constipation continue Increased hair growth of current hair and in new places such as the face, arms or back Headaches Haemorrhoids Flutters of movement can sometimes start to be felt around 20 weeks Increased sensitivity to the sun Stretch marks, spider and varicose veins may show up Brown pigmentation on the face (“mask of pregnancy”) and a darker line down the abdomen (linea nigra, Latin for “black line”) may appear Increased weight gain Call your doctor right away if you experience any of the following: Significant bleeding, cramping or sharp abdominal pain Foul-smelling, green or yellow discharge Severe nausea or vomiting Severe dizziness Too much or too little weight gain (more than 3 kg (6.5 lbs.) per month or less than 4.5 kg (10 lbs.) by 20 weeks) Third Trimester The third trimester (weeks 28 to 42) The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. The third trimester can bring some uncomfortable symptoms as you prepare for the birth of your baby.  Here’s what to expect during this time: Back pain Braxton Hicks contractions Increased breast size Increased discharge from previous months Fatigue Increased urination, heartburn and constipation continues Haemorrhoids Difficulty breathing Swelling in your feet, ankles and hands Increased weight gain Call your doctor right away if you experience any of the following: Cramping or sharp abdominal pain Foul-smelling, green or yellow discharge Severe nausea or vomiting Severe dizziness Too much or too little weight gain Pain or burning with urination Sudden swelling in your feet Contractions that are regular and get closer and closer together and more intense Spotting or any bleeding Nutrition Good things to eat The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Good nutrition is essential for a healthy pregnancy.  Here are some ways to eat healthy during your pregnancy: Take your prenatal vitamin Eat a variety of foods each day Eat more fibre (pasta, rice, fruits, veggies and cereals) Eat more calcium (at least 4 servings of dairy products, green leafy vegetables, etc.) Eat more iron (red meat, eggs, green leafy vegetables, beans/lentils, dried fruit and iron-enriched cereals and grains) Bad things to eat The

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Don’t sleep on medical aid in your 20s

Your 20s are a crash course in adulthood. Between your first job, submitting your first tax return, learning how to budget and figuring out what belongs in a washing machine, there’s no shortage of new responsibilities competing for your attention. Yet one responsibility that often gets overlooked is healthcare cover. For many young South Africans, healthcare cover feels like something to worry about later in life, once you’re earning more, starting a family or dealing with health concerns. But while your 20s may be your healthiest years, they’re also one of the best times to start building healthy habits and financial resilience. Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund, Dr Themba Hadebe, shares his top five things worth knowing about medical aid in your 20s. It’s not only there for major medical emergencies When people think about medical aid, they often picture worst-case scenarios such as accidents, hospital admissions or emergency surgery. While these benefits are important, medical aid can also support your day-to-day health through preventative care, routine check-ups and screenings that help identify potential issues early. Looking after your health includes your mental wellbeing Your 20s can be an exciting but demanding stage of life. Career pressures, financial responsibilities and major life transitions can all take a toll on your mental wellbeing. Many medical aid schemes now recognise the importance of holistic healthcare and offer access to mental health support and digital wellness tools alongside traditional medical benefits. An unexpected medical bill can have a long-lasting financial impact One of the biggest challenges facing young professionals is building financial stability. Medical expenses can be difficult to predict, and a single hospital admission, procedure or specialist consultation can place significant strain on personal finances. Medical aid helps reduce the financial risk associated with unexpected healthcare costs, allowing members to access care when they need it without facing the full cost alone. Your 20s are a good time to learn how healthcare funding works Medical aid comes with its own terminology and processes, from provider networks and co-payments to benefit limits and authorisations. Learning how these systems work early can help you make more informed healthcare decisions over time and avoid costly mistakes. Much like learning how to manage a budget or submit a tax return, understanding healthcare funding is a valuable life skill that becomes easier when you start early. There are options designed for different budgets and life stages One of the biggest misconceptions about medical aid is that it is only accessible to high-income earners. Today, many schemes offer a range of options designed to cater for different healthcare needs and budgets, making it easier for young adults entering the workforce to find cover that aligns with their circumstances. “Bonitas offers options such as BonStart and BonCore, which are designed to provide accessible entry points for young South Africans as they begin taking greater ownership of their health and finances,” says Dr Themba. “The key is to look beyond monthly contributions and consider the overall value and benefits that support your healthcare needs.” The bottom line is that your 20s are about building foundations for the future, whether that’s your career, your finances or your wellbeing. Medical aid may not be the most exciting item on your monthly budget, but understanding your healthcare options early can help you make informed decisions, access preventative care and better prepare for the unexpected. The goal isn’t simply to have cover when something goes wrong. It’s to have the support, resources and healthcare access that help you stay well in the first place.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Preparing your home for your baby

Waiting for you baby to arrive is both exciting and nerve wrecking. In order to mentally prepare yourself and your family, you can start getting  your home ready for the newest addition of your household. The urge to get your home ready for your baby is also known as nesting, and it’ll normally happen near the end of your third trimester. If you are ready to start spring cleaning, here are some tips on how best to organise your home for little one. Have everything ready for your return from the hospital When you and your baby return from hospital you’ll probably be feeling tired and sore, so making sure your home is ready before you go into labour is a good idea. Food prep, cleaning and buying home supplies are all things that’ll become more difficult with a newborn. Meal prepping, having a stocked baby changing table and home essentials stock piled will all be things you’ll be glad to have done beforehand. Baby proofing your home Baby proofing your home can ideally start up to 3 months before your due date, as this will give you time for any projects that may take slightly longer. Cover all electrical sockets, get safety latches for cabinets and get rid of any loose or dangling cords. Not only can you take your time prepping your home, but you can also make sure that you are ready with baby essentials, such as a changing table, a baby monitor and newborn baby clothes. All things you don’t want to be looking for postpartum with a baby to look after. Don’t over do it Although it can be tempting to go full throttle with home adjustments there are certain things you should avoid to prevent injuring yourself. Don’t move large furniture, as your ligaments and tendons are softened by pregnancy hormones, making a strain or injury more likely. Avoid reaching too high, as this can put strain on your lower back (which may already be achy). Delegating to your family and friends eager to help will give you the opportunity to rest while making sure that your home is perfect for your newest addition.

Parenting Hub

ProbiFlora™: Your gut’s new best friend

South Africa’s No. 1 adult probiotic1 has a fresh new look and a brand-new website to match. ProbiFlora™’s updated packaging makes it easier than ever to find the right product for your gut needs, whether that’s daily balance, post-disruption recovery, or support for the whole family. The new website – https://probiflora.co.za/ – makes it just as easy online as it is on shelf to find exactly what your gut is asking for. Because supporting your gut should feel simple. And when your gut is well supported, everything else can start to feel more balanced, too. ProbiFloraTM’s range of products are available from leading pharmacies and retailers nationwide. For more information, visit https://probiflora.co.za/ and join the conversations on Instagram and Facebook. Approval ticket #07.04.2026.1000005303

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Premature birth – what to expect

Expecting a baby is an exciting time of your life, and you want to make sure that you do as much as you can to make sure your new child is as healthy as possible. Premature birth is something you want to try to avoid or manage as carefully as possible. In many cases the cause is unknown, and according to The World Health Organisation, one in ten babies are born preterm. A birth is considered premature when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy. The final few weeks in the womb are important to your baby’s full development, so being born prematurely can lead to longer hospital stays, short term, and long term complications. Why does it happen? Some of the more common risk factors which contribute to preterm births are having had a premature birth before, you’re pregnant with twins/multiples or you have issues with your uterus or cervix. However, often the cause of preterm birth often can’t be identified. Your health is also a factor that impacts on your likelihood to have your baby prematurely. Smoking during your pregnancy (which is not recommended), diabetes, high blood pressure (which can develop into preeclampsia) and being over or under weight are all potential premature birth causes. To try and avoid preterm birth you can talk to your doctor about any existing health issues, such as depression, diabetes or high blood pressure) before getting pregnant – this way you can manage any problems with a treatment plan. Waiting 12 months between pregnancies and eating healthy (making sure that you get the correct prenatal vitamins needed) can also help prevent premature birth. What if my baby is born preterm? If your baby is born prematurely they are at risk for long and short term complications. Many preterm babies lead completely healthy lives, however, the more premature and underdeveloped your baby is when they are born, the more likely they are to have issues. If your baby is born prematurely they may be put into a neonatal intensive care unit into an incubator. Some babies will spend longer in the unit than others, this all depends on when they are able to live without medical support.

Medicalaid.com

What Parents Should Know About Medical Aid and ADHD Cover

Many parents only start looking into ADHD cover once school problems, emotional struggles or behaviour issues begin affecting everyday life. By then, specialist appointments, assessments and therapy sessions are often already being paid privately. One of the biggest misunderstandings I see as a medical aid broker is parents assuming every medical aid automatically covers the full ADHD process. In reality, benefits are usually spread across different parts of the plan. What Does Medical Aid Usually Cover? Some schemes may contribute towards: ADHD Service Common Funding Area Common Problem ADHD assessments Day-to-day benefits Savings run out quickly Psychologist visits Mental health benefits Session limits apply Occupational therapy Allied healthcare Strict annual caps ADHD medication Acute or chronic medicine Formularies apply Psychiatric admission Hospital benefit Pre-authorisation required Most parents are surprised by how quickly therapy costs build up once weekly sessions begin. ADHD Assessments Can Become Expensive ADHD assessments often involve multiple specialists. Assessment Type Typical Private Cost Educational assessment R3,000 – R8,000+ Clinical psychologist assessment R4,000 – R10,000+ Child psychiatrist consultation R2,000 – R5,000+ Paediatric assessment R1,500 – R4,000+ Occupational therapy screening Variable Some schemes may limit claims when assessments are done mainly for school support or academic accommodations. Therapy Costs Are Where Families Usually Feel Pressure Children with ADHD may require occupational therapy, behavioural therapy, speech therapy, psychology sessions or educational support. Therapy Type Common Challenge Occupational therapy Limited annual visits Child psychology Savings exhaustion Speech therapy Network restrictions Play therapy Often privately funded Behavioural therapy Not always fully covered I have seen many parents downgrade to cheaper hospital plans, only to realise later that most ADHD treatment happens outside the hospital environment. Is ADHD Medication Covered? Medication is usually covered more consistently than therapy, although schemes still apply formularies and pricing limits. Common ADHD medication includes: Medication Area What Usually Happens Acute medicine Limited annual cover Chronic medicine Registration often required Brand-name medication Co-payments may apply Generic alternatives Schemes usually prefer these Non-formulary medicine Members pay shortfalls Parents often become frustrated when a child responds well to a specific brand, but the scheme only funds the generic alternative. ADHD and PMBs ADHD itself is not automatically funded as a full Prescribed Minimum Benefit (PMB) chronic condition. PMB Situation Typical Position Routine ADHD treatment Normal benefit limits Psychiatric hospital admission Possible PMB pathway Severe mental health crisis May qualify under PMB rules Therapy sessions Usually limited School support Generally excluded Many parents expect PMBs to cover ongoing therapy and specialist visits. Later, the accounts continue long after the available benefits are exhausted. Which Medical Aid Plans Usually Work Better? Comprehensive plans generally work better for ADHD because most treatment happens outside hospital. Medical Scheme Plan Type Often Preferred Discovery Health Comprehensive options Bonitas Higher-tier plans Bestmed Pace range Momentum Health Comprehensive plans Medihelp Broader family plans Final Thoughts ADHD treatment is rarely a once-off expense. For many families, the real financial pressure starts once long-term therapy, specialist appointments and medication management become ongoing monthly costs. That is why choosing the right medical aid matters. A cheaper hospital plan can sometimes lead to much higher out-of-pocket costs later. Written by: Adriaan Schoeman

Bellavista SHARE

Understanding Anxiety in Children, And How To Help Them Through It

Many parents will recognise the scene: a school morning that should be ordinary turns into something entirely different. There are tears at the gate, a stomach ache with no clear cause, and a child who, by every measurable standard, is fine, yet is clearly not fine at all. Anxiety in children rarely presents itself as anxiety; instead, it manifests as resistance, irritability, sleeplessness, sudden clinginess, or a sore tummy or tears on a Sunday evening. As South Africa focuses on our youth this June, we must consider the wellbeing of our young people, with mental health firmly included in that conversation. The scale of the issue The World Health Organisation estimates that around one in seven children and adolescents worldwide, aged 10 to 19, lives with a mental health condition (Sept, 2025). Anxiety disorders sit alongside depression and behavioural disorders as some of the most common. The numbers matter, but what matters more is our understanding of the disorder and how we can better support the child. Anxiety isn’t the enemy A useful place to start is by separating the feeling itself from the assumption that the feeling is a problem. Anxiety is, fundamentally, a sense of worry, fear or dread that won’t always respond to reason. It is also a normal and useful human emotion. A small dose of anxiety sharpens a child’s focus before an exam. It produces the energy that gets them onto the sports field with their head in the game. It is hard-wired into our survival system. Faced with genuine danger, the quickened heartbeat, the faster breathing, the sharper senses, are designed to keep us alive. Anxiety becomes a problem when it stops being situational and starts being constant- when the alarm system that should switch off after the threat passes simply does not switch off. At that point, anxiety stops protecting and starts interfering with daily life. One of the heaviest things many anxious children carry is not the anxiety itself but the judgement around it. So many of us were raised to believe we should not feel anxious in the first place, and that shame associated with this belief only compounds the worry. Children need to hear, clearly and often, that anxiety is normal and can be helpful. That it does not define them- it does not make them weak or bad. The moment they learn to notice it and put a name to it is the moment they start to take some control back. Awareness does not amplify anxiety, it quietly gives a child the confidence that they can cope. A useful reminder for any anxious child: “Feelings come and go. You felt different before, and you’ll feel different again.” What’s actually happening inside their head To support an anxious child well, it helps to understand what is happening at the level of the brain. Two parts of the brain do a lot of the heavy lifting here. The prefrontal cortex is the part responsible for focus, impulse control and flexible thinking – the rational executive. The amygdala is the part that processes emotions like fear – the alarm system. In a settled state, the prefrontal cortex keeps the amygdala in check, weighing up whether something is genuinely threatening. When a harmless situation gets misread as dangerous, however, the amygdala fires the alarm. The body switches into fight, flight, freeze or fawn mode. As anxiety climbs, the brain’s executive functioning takes a hit – logic goes offline. This is why telling an anxious child to “stop worrying, it’s not that bad” almost never works. To their brain and body, the threat is entirely real. We are not arguing with their thinking. We are arguing with their biology. What to look out for Part of the parental task is telling the difference between developmentally appropriate fears, everyday worries, and the kind of pattern that signals an actual anxiety disorder. Anxiety in children tends to show up in three ways: If several of these are showing up in your child persistently, and getting in the way of everyday life, that is the signal to take it seriously. What you can do to help Supporting an anxious child starts with the adults around them. Here are some practical approaches that work for the whole family. The goal is not a worry-free childhood Anxiety is not the enemy, it’s a normal, even necessary, human emotion. Learning to regulate emotions is a skill that children learn when they are supported by an adult. When we as the key adult co-regulate, they develop the metacognitive skills to regulate themselves.  With patience, the right strategies, and steady support, we can teach our children something far more useful than a worry-free childhood. We can teach them: “I can feel anxious and still be okay.” For more resources, visit www.bellavista.org.za By Karen Archer, Deputy Principal, Bellavista School

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Why PCOS is now called PMOS and what it means for women’s health

For decades, women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have often been told that the condition centres on cysts forming on the ovaries. In reality, many women who meet the diagnostic criteria never develop ovarian cysts at all, which means that the name has long created confusion for both patients and clinicians alike. In May 2026, global health experts formally introduced Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) as the updated terminology for this condition, which reflects the growing scientific consensus that it involves multiple hormonal and metabolic systems, not only the ovaries. The change follows more than a decade of international consultation among endocrinologists, researchers and patient groups. The goal is to align the name of the condition with what research has increasingly shown about how it works in the body. “Up to 70% of PCOS cases remain undiagnosed due to gaps in awareness, recognition and care, leaving many women navigating years of unexplained symptoms,” says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. “The new terminology recognises that this is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects several systems in the body.” A name change to pay attention to For years, the label Polycystic Ovary Syndrome suggested that ovarian cysts were the defining feature of the condition. Yet the small follicles seen on ultrasound scans are not true cysts, and they are not present in every patient. Doctors diagnose the condition using a combination of symptom monitoring that may include irregular ovulation, elevated androgen levels and characteristic ovarian changes on ultrasound. This broader clinical picture often sits uneasily with the name itself. “The terminology shaped how people understood the condition,” says Hadebe. “When patients heard ‘polycystic ovaries’, many assumed the problem was limited to reproductive health. In practice, the condition affects hormones, metabolism and long-term health risk.” Women living with the syndrome frequently experience a wider set of health concerns. Hormonal imbalances can lead to acne, excess facial or body hair and irregular ovulation. The condition can also influence mood and mental wellbeing. “Patients often arrive in consulting rooms with a range of symptoms that appear unrelated,” says Hadebe. “When you step back and view the condition as a broader endocrine disorder, those symptoms begin to make sense.” One of the strongest drivers of the renaming is the role of metabolism in the condition. Research shows that many women living with the syndrome experience insulin resistance, where the body’s cells respond poorly to insulin and struggle to regulate blood sugar effectively. This metabolic disruption can contribute to weight gain and increase the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. The importance of early diagnosis Despite how common the condition is, many women spend years searching for answers before receiving a diagnosis, with updated NICE guidelines for PMOS aimed at standardising diagnostic pathways expected to be released towards the end of 2026. Symptoms such as irregular periods, persistent acne, excess hair growth or unexplained weight gain are often dismissed as routine hormonal fluctuations. Delayed diagnosis can carry long-term consequences. Without proper management, metabolic complications may develop gradually over time. “Early detection allows clinicians to manage the condition more effectively and reduce future health risks,” says Hadebe. “Women who notice persistent hormonal or menstrual changes should seek medical advice so that underlying causes can be assessed.” Addressing stigma and misunderstanding The name change also addresses the emotional impact many women describe when navigating the condition. Patients frequently report that their symptoms were minimised or attributed to stress, weight or lifestyle factors before they received an explanation. Language plays a powerful role in shaping how conditions are understood. A name that reflects the complexity of the syndrome helps validate the experiences of those living with it. “Renaming the condition does not change the biology,” says Hadebe. “However, updating the name to better reflect current scientific understanding will improve awareness, support earlier diagnosis, enhance quality of care, drive greater consistency in research, and ultimately improve the overall patient experience.” As awareness grows, experts hope the shift to Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome, or PMOS, will encourage earlier recognition of symptoms and more holistic care for women affected by the condition.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Why should I breastfeed my baby, and what if this is not an option?

Breastfeeding is important to your baby’s health and is the safest and healthiest thing that you can feed your little one. It is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) you should feed your baby exclusively with breastmilk for the first six months. Unfortunately, some moms can’t breastfeed due to medical or health reasons. Read on if you want to know the benefits of breastfeeding, or if you can’t breastfeed your baby, here are some healthy alternatives. What are the benefits of breastfeeding?  Breastfeeding is the perfect way to get all the nutrients needed to your baby, as well as being a special bonding experience between mom and child. Breast milk is optimally suited to babies providing all the right nutrients, vitamins and minerals, being easily digestible and helping protect your baby by providing important antibodies. Baby’s who are breastfed have less ear infections, issues with diarrhea and respiratory issues. Benefits of breastfeeding include lowering your baby’s chance of getting infections and breastmilk can also help lower instances of asthma and eczema, and is thought to lower the risk of diabetes as well. Not only is breastfeeding good for your baby, but it’s also good for you. It helps your bond with your baby as your body releases the hormone oxytocin, which helps your uterus reduce to its pre-pregnancy size as well as lowers stress levels. And it’s an added bonus is that breast milk is cost effective and easily available. The only thing lacking from breast milk is vitamin D, and you can supplement this to your little one from birth. What are alternatives if I can’t breastfeed? Sadly some moms aren’t able to breastfeed their babies due to not having enough breastmilk supply, being on medication that could damage their baby’s health and, infectious diseases such as HIV. Although it’s hard not to be able to breastfeed, remember this won’t stop you bonding with or providing nutrients for your baby. The best alternative to your own breast milk is donated breast milk. However, if you are struggling to find adequate supply you can make use of baby formulas. In South Africa, the South African Breastmilk Reserve and Milk Matters supports breastfeeding moms through the provision of donated milk.  SABR focuses on helping premature babies under the age of 14 days, and Milk Matters supports babies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the Western Cape.

Panado®

Panado® Expands Access with New 5 ml Sachets Available at Everyday Shopping Spots

Panado® knows that when a child develops pain or a fever, timing matters. Relief can’t wait for a planned pharmacy visit or a trip across town. For many families, especially those balancing work, transport and childcare, access is just as important as trust1. That is the thinking behind the launch of the new Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets2 and why they will be available far beyond the pharmacy shelf. Pain and fever are part of childhood, often showing up as a sore throat3a, earache3b, growing pains in young children and tweens4, teething trouble in babies5, bumps, knocks and bruises6, or a fever7 linked to everyday infections like colds, and when they do, parents need solutions that are close at hand. If you live in a busy city, you might pass a forecourt or convenience store on your daily route. In smaller towns or rural areas, the local spaza shop is often the go to for essentials. Parents don’t only shop for healthcare during office hours or planned outings either. They buy what they need on the way home from work, during a quick stop for bread and milk, or from the shop down the road.  By making Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets2 available to parents where they live, commute and shop, Panado® is widening access to a medicine parents already know and trust1 so parents can respond sooner, rather than waiting until symptoms worsen or stress builds.  Each sachet contains a single 5 ml dose of Panado® Strawberry Syrup2, sealed, hygienic and easy to store. The compact size makes it practical for parents who need something they can carry easily. It also helps reduce waste, as only one dose is opened at a time, with no bulky bottle to manage and no risk of spills. Slip one into a pocket, handbag, nappy bag, backpack or car console and you’re always prepared.  The formulation inside each 5 ml sachet remains the same, with unchanged strength, powered by paracetamol – an ingredient backed by more than 150 years of clinical experience8. It’s the same berry nice flavour parents know, is ready to work immediately9 when pain or fever strikes and is suitable for babies and children from three months and older. When needed, the pocket-sized sachet is torn or cut open, the correct dose is measured using a syringe or medicine measure, and any remaining liquid is discarded.  To help parents feel confident, dosing is based on a child’s age and weight. Clear guidance is available via the panado.co.za/dosage-calculator online or by scanning the QR code on the pack, reducing guesswork at moments when you want reassurance. The sachets are part of Panado® paediatric range, which includes Panado® Strawberry Syrup2, Panado® Peppermint10, suitable from Day 1 and Panado® Infant Drops11. Panado® Infant Drops were named a Product of the Year 2025 winner in the Child Health category12, based on votes from 2,000 South African consumers in a Kantar survey. Panado® is meeting parents where they already are. At home. On the road. At the local spaza. By expanding distribution of the Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets2 into everyday retail spaces, Panado® gives parents the power to fight their children’s pain and fever confidently.  Panado® products are available from Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem and independent pharmacies. For more information, visit: https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook.  For references and legal disclaimers, visit https://panado.co.za/references. Approval ticket #03.20261000004932. March 2026.

Panado®

Debunking Common Myths About Baby Fevers

When your baby feels a bit warmer than usual, it’s natural to worry. But most fevers aren’t something to panic about. Trusted1 by parents to fight their little one’s pain and provide relief when needed most, Panado®’s Paediatric Range of syrups are ready to work immediately.2  What Causes A Mild Temperature? A fever can feel worrying, but it’s usually a sign that your baby’s body is working just as it should to fight off infection. Remember, a fever isn’t an illness on its own.3a When your tot’s temperature rises, it usually means their immune system has sprung into action and is sending out white blood cells to fight off and destroy invading bacteria and viruses.3b Your baby’s temperature can rise for all sorts of harmless reasons. Most of the time, it’s down to common bugs like colds,4a flu,4b or ear infections.4c Sometimes it happens after the administration of a vaccine4d or simply from being a bit too warm from hot weather or too much clothing.4e Teething can also make babies feel slightly hotter than usual.4d Of course, when your little one feels uncomfortable, all you want is to help them feel better, quickly and safely. The Power To Fight Their Pain Panado®  Paediatric Range contains paracetamol, 5a one of the world’s trusted medicines for relieving pain and fever and backed by over 150 years of clinical use.5b Syrups are a reliable and convenient solution for pain and fever relief, eliminating the challenges associated with suspensions.2b The medicine is already dissolved, so there’s no need to worry about uneven doses.2c  This ensures accuracy every time, making life just that little bit easier for parents. For the tiniest family members, Panado®  Peppermint Syrup,6 suitable from birth, combines effective relief with an improved taste7 which makes dosing smoother and more pleasant. Panado®’s paracetamol-based Strawberry Paediatric Syrup10 now in convenient single-serve sachets, offers on-the-go relief for unexpected pain and fever in babies and children. Newly launched, each sachet contains a 5 ml dose, making it easy to dose and is small enough to carry in your pocket.   And for babies from three months old, Panado® Infant Drops8 – recognised as Product of the Year 2025 in the Child Health category9 – provide precise dosing and easy administration, helping parents deliver the right amount every time. For added peace of mind, parents can scan the QR code or use the online Panado® Dosage Calculator at https://panado.co.za/dosage-calculator, which adjusts the dosage based on a child’s age and weight. This extra step helps ensure the right dose every time. New Look, Same Trusted1 Relief The Panado® Strawberry Syrup10 pack makes life easier for parents, with clear pain relief guidance. It helps you spot the right option in seconds, because when your child isn’t feeling well, you want to act fast and with confidence. Part of South African Family Life for Generations Panado® works fast11 and has been passed down through generations and is trusted1 by families across the country. So next time your baby feels warm to the touch, try not to panic. WithPanado®, you’ve got trusted1 pain relief on your side, helping you comfort your baby confidently – from day one. Panado® products are available from Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem and independent pharmacies. For more information, visit:https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook.  For references and legal disclaimers, visit https://panado.co.za/references. Embrace the Winter Warrior within, with Panado® As we brace ourselves for the winter months, it’s wise to be prepared. Adcock Ingram’s Winter Warriors 2026 Campaign offers a range of products aimed at combating common cold and flu symptoms. With trusted brands like Cepacol®, Panado®, Compral®, ProbiFlora™, Gummy® Vites and ViralGuard™, you can arm yourself and your loved ones against the seasonal sniffles. Approval ticket #02.20261000004802. February 2026.

Parenting Hub

Understanding sports injuries: The role of radiology in diagnosis and recovery

Sports injuries are common at all levels, from recreational athletes to elite professionals. Radiology not only helps diagnose injuries but also assists in monitoring recovery, identifying complications early and helping determine when it is safe to return to sport. Dr Ewoudt van der Linde, a radiologist at SCP Radiology specialising in musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging and sports injuries, discusses common injuries, imaging techniques and the role radiology plays in modern sports medicine. What is the role of a radiologist in sports injuries? Radiologists work as part of a multidisciplinary medical team. Imaging helps distinguish between minor and more significant injuries, such as differentiating a low-grade muscle strain from a major tear or identifying ligament injuries that may require surgery. Imaging also guides treatment decisions and, in selected cases, can be used to monitor healing and recovery, particularly in high-performance athletes. Are there specific sports that produce distinctive injury patterns? Yes. Running and field sports commonly result in muscle strains, ligament injuries and stress fractures. Sports involving rapid changes in direction, such as rugby or football, are often associated with knee ligament injuries and ankle sprains. Padel, tennis and golf frequently produce overuse injuries involving tendons around the shoulder, elbow and wrist, while running and jumping sports commonly affect the Achilles tendon. Are there particular sports injuries commonly seen in practice? Common injuries include muscle strains, ligament sprains, tendon injuries and stress-related bone injuries. In the lower limb, ankle sprains, Achilles tendon pathology and knee ligament injuries are frequently encountered. In the upper limb, shoulder and elbow tendon injuries are common, particularly in throwing or racquet sports. What imaging is used in sports injuries and why? Different imaging techniques are used depending on the suspected injury: Is imaging important even if an injury does not seem serious? Yes. Some injuries may appear minor but can involve underlying damage such as stress fractures, small ligament tears or early cartilage injury. Early detection may prevent worsening injury and reduce long-term complications. Is pain a good indicator of injury severity? Not always. Some serious injuries may initially cause only mild discomfort, while relatively minor conditions can be very painful. How do stress fractures differ from acute or occult fractures? Can imaging distinguish between inflammation, overuse injuries and structural damage? Yes. Imaging can help differentiate between low-grade inflammation or overuse changes and more significant injuries such as tendon tears, ligament ruptures or cartilage damage. This distinction is important because treatment and recovery timelines differ significantly. Can imaging help predict recovery time and return to sport? Imaging cannot provide an exact recovery timeline but does provide valuable information about the severity and extent of injury. In selected cases, imaging may also be used to monitor healing and assist with return-to-play decisions. Can you discuss concussion briefly? Concussions are common in sports such as rugby and are primarily a clinical diagnosis. Imaging is usually not required in mild cases. However, CT scans may be performed when there are concerning symptoms to exclude more serious injuries such as a brain bleed or skull fracture. What role does Interventional Radiology play in sports injuries? Interventional Radiology involves minimally invasive procedures performed under imaging guidance. In sports medicine, this may include image-guided injections for pain relief or aspiration of fluid collections. These procedures are typically performed using ultrasound or CT guidance and are generally less invasive than surgery. Are there any new imaging techniques particularly useful in sports medicine? Modern MRI techniques continue to improve and provide increasingly detailed evaluation of soft tissues, allowing earlier detection of subtle injuries. Ultrasound technology has also advanced significantly, with higher-resolution imaging and expanded use in both diagnosis and image-guided procedures. Why is specialised MSK imaging important? Sports injuries often involve complex anatomy and subtle findings. Subspecialised MSK radiologists develop expertise in recognising injury patterns and understanding sport-specific demands, helping provide more accurate diagnoses and clinically relevant reporting.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Supporting the next generation of doctors: Bonitas and Gift of the Givers award medical bursaries at Wits University

Bonitas Medical Fund, in partnership with humanitarian organisation Gift of the Givers, recently awarded bursaries to three medical students: Keikantse Swaratlhe (23), Blake Delroy Pierce Green (28) and Singita Manganye (24) at Wits University. The students are among some of the top performers at the university, looking to specialise in various fields including dermatology, paediatrics and internal medicine. As they look forward to learning and growing their knowledge in medicine, the bursaries come at a crucial time, providing financial support and easing the burden of university fees. In addition to financial assistance, the bursary programme aims to help address some of the challenges facing the medical fraternity in South Africa, including overloaded public hospitals, understaffed clinics and a shortage of medical professionals.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Millennials can now add hypertension to their list of potential health risks

Just when it feels like there are already enough things on the millennial worry list, from student debt and rising living costs to burnout and trying to maintain some semblance of work-life balance, experts say hypertension may be another issue quietly joining that list.  Ahead of World Hypertension Day on 17 May, health experts are drawing attention to a concerning shift in high blood pressure diagnoses, where the disease is no longer confined to older adults and is increasingly affecting younger South Africans. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, has long been associated with older adults, but research increasingly shows that younger adults are being affected far more than previously thought. A 2025 study published in the Journal of Human Hypertension found that 24% of South Africans aged between 24 and 40 reported having hypertension, yet only 16.8% had good knowledge of the condition. This gap highlights a growing concern that many young adults may be living with elevated blood pressure without realising it. Several modern lifestyle factors are contributing to this shift. Long working hours, financial pressure, highly processed convenience foods, limited time for exercise and the constant mental load that often comes with balancing careers, families and daily responsibilities can all contribute to rising blood pressure levels. “One of the biggest challenges with hypertension in younger adults is that it often goes unnoticed. People may feel healthy and assume their risk is low, yet elevated blood pressure can already be placing strain on the heart and blood vessels,” says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. “The reality is that high blood pressure can develop silently for years and may only be detected during routine screening.” The good news, says Hadebe, is that hypertension is one of the most manageable chronic health conditions when it is detected early. With proper monitoring, lifestyle adjustments and, where necessary, medication, many people can control it and significantly reduce the risk of serious complications later in life. What you need to know about hypertension Hypertension occurs when the force of blood pushing against artery walls remains consistently too high. Over time, this increased pressure can damage blood vessels and strain major organs. However, things get a bit trickier when we start asking how to spot hypertension and its symptoms. Often called a “silent condition”, hypertension for many people results in experiencing no symptoms at all, especially in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include: Because these symptoms can easily be dismissed as stress or fatigue from dehydration, many people only discover they have high blood pressure during a routine medical check. But, if left unmanaged, hypertension can have serious long-term health consequences, significantly increasing the risk of heart disease and heart failure. It is also one of the leading causes of stroke. High blood pressure can also damage the kidneys, affect vision by damaging the small blood vessels in the eyes and weaken arteries throughout the body, increasing the risk of circulation problems and aneurysms. “The challenge with hypertension is that damage can occur long before a person feels unwell,” explains Hadebe. “This is why early detection and consistent management are critical.” What young adults can do about it now For young adults juggling careers and families, preventative healthcare can easily fall down the priority list, but all it takes is only a few minutes and a simple blood pressure check to get important insight into your overall health. Blood pressure screenings can be done during routine GP visits, at many pharmacies or through workplace wellness programmes. They’re even more important for those with a family history of hypertension and who have other risk factors present, like smoking, obesity, diabetes, high stress levels or sedentary lifestyles. You can also play a proactive role in keeping blood pressure in check by making a few lifestyle adjustments. Reducing your salt intake, doing your best to maintain a healthy weight, moving and exercising regularly, keep alcohol intake to a minimum and cutting out smoking completely are all a good start. “Hypertension is not something that should cause panic, but it is something that should be taken seriously,” says Hadebe. “Depending on their benefit option, Bonitas Medical Fund members have access to preventative screening benefits, GP consultations and chronic condition management support that assists with the diagnosis and ongoing management of conditions such as hypertension.”

Parenting Hub

Don’t blame the iodine if you react to a contrast scan

What is a contrast scan? ‘A contrast scan is a medical imaging test, such as a CT scan or MRI,’ says Dr Jean de Villiers, a radiologist and director of SCP Radiology, ‘that uses a special dye called a ‘contrast agent’ to make certain areas of the body easier to see. The contrast helps highlight blood vessels, organs or abnormal tissues, providing clearer and more detailed images. Dr de Villiers talks about the dye, what it is used for and debunks the myth that it is the iodine that causes allergic reactions in some people.  For MRI scans, a different type of contrast is used, which is gadolinium-based and, while allergic reactions are possible, they are extremely rare. Why is it used? The contrast agent shows the blood flow through arteries and veins, blockages, bleeding or abnormal growths and detailed organ structure (such as the brain, liver or kidneys). In short, contrast helps to highlight differences between normal and abnormal tissue, improving diagnosis and treatment planning. How is the dye administered? The contrast agent is usually injected into a vein but, in some cases it can be swallowed or given as a rectal enema, depending on the area being examined. It temporarily changes the way radiation or magnetic fields interact with the body’s internal structures. Is there an iodine allergy risk in a contrast scan? This is a common concern, but it’s a bit misunderstood. People often believe they are allergic to iodine because they may have reacted to contrast dye in the past or to shellfish, which contain iodine. However, iodine itself is not an allergen. According to radiologists and allergists, the body doesn’t mount an allergic immune response to iodine as it’s a basic element, essential to human health, particularly for thyroid function. What causes allergic reactions in contrast scans? The culprits are usually one of the other compounds, not iodine. Most contrast agents used in CT scans are iodinated contrast agents however, reactions tend to be linked to the chemical structure of the compound, not its iodine content. Reactions may range from mild (nausea, itching, flushing) to more serious (difficulty breathing or anaphylactoid reactions), which mimic allergies but do not involve the immune system in the same way. These reactions are typically caused by: Advancements in the type of contrast agent used have significantly reduced the rate of reactions in patients. To confirm: It’s not the iodine, it’s the other compounds attached to the iodine in the dye and the body’s unique response to them. That is why patients are always asked about any previous contrast reactions, asthma or other allergies before being given the contrast injection.  ‘Whether you are asked or not,’ says Dr de Villiers, it’s always best to inform the radiology team if you have had any previous allergic contrast reactions.’

NB Hearing & Balance

Protecting Hearing from Newborn to Adulthood 

We live in a country where daily life can include everything from bustling taxi ranks and construction noise to loud music and community events, and protecting your hearing is not just important; it is essential across every stage of life. The reality is that noise-induced hearing loss is permanent but often preventable with appropriate precautions. At NB Hearing and Balance, we believe that building good habits early and maintaining them over time can make a meaningful difference. Why Noise Awareness Matters Sound is measured in decibels (dB), and prolonged exposure to sounds above 85 dB can increase the risk of hearing damage. For context, busy traffic or a minibus taxi ride can reach this level, while concerts, nightclubs, and even some religious services can exceed 100 dB. Other cultural and social environments often celebrate music and community gatherings, both important aspects of life, but they can also increase the risk of long-term hearing damage if precautions are not taken. Protecting Hearing from the Very Beginning: Newborns and Infants Did you know that newborns have highly sensitive auditory systems, and early exposure to loud environments can be harmful? In addition, identifying hearing challenges early is critical for speech and language development. Tips for newborn hearing protection: Early Childhood and Primary School Years Our school environments can sometimes be noisy, and children may also be exposed to loud music through headphones, tablets, or shared devices. At this stage, education and habit-building are key. Tips for protecting young ears: This is also the stage where early signs of hearing or auditory processing difficulties may become noticeable, particularly in classroom settings. Teenagers and Young Adults: High-Risk Years Teenagers and young adults are among the most at-risk groups for noise-induced hearing damage. Social activities often include loud music, whether through headphones, clubs, festivals, or car sound systems. Often, music and nightlife are vibrant parts of youth culture, and awareness becomes especially important. Practical strategies: Temporary ringing in the ears (tinnitus) after a night out is a possible early warning sign and should not be ignored. Adults in the Workplace and Daily Life It is not unusual for many to be exposed to occupational noise, particularly in industries like mining, construction, manufacturing, and transport. Even outside of formal workplaces, daily exposure to traffic, generators during load shedding, and urban noise can add up. Workplace and lifestyle tips: Employers also have a responsibility to implement hearing conservation programmes, but personal awareness remains crucial. Older Adults: Maintaining Hearing Health Hearing changes can naturally occur with age, but lifelong noise exposure can accelerate this process. Untreated hearing loss in older adults is linked to social isolation, reduced quality of life, and even cognitive decline. The good news is that proactive care can help maintain hearing and overall wellbeing. Key considerations: A Lifelong Commitment to Hearing Health Protecting your hearing is not about avoiding sound; it is about managing it wisely. Consistent actions can have a lasting impact. Whether it is lowering the volume, wearing ear protection, or scheduling a hearing check, these steps help preserve one of our most important senses. Hearing connects us to people, to environments, and to experiences. Taking care of it should be part of everyday life. Our audiologists are here to help and have convenient locations across Cape Town. Contact us, we are here to listen.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Putting together your birth plan

As you enter your third trimester you’ll have probably done a fair bit of research on the birth process (if this is your first) and may have a good idea of what you want before, during and after delivery. There are many options and opinions, from whether or not you want pain medication to how many people you would like supporting you. However, trying to keep track of your choices during labour may be tricky, which is why you’d put together a birth plan. So what exactly is it and how do you put one together? Why should I put together a birth plan?  Your birth plan is your choices or preferences before, during and after labour and delivery. While things may not always go according to plan, having your preferences written down and communicated means you, your midwives and doctor have a more mutual understanding. However, if your pregnancy doesn’t go accordingly, you need to be prepared to make adjustments on the day. What should be in my birth plan? Your birth plan is how you’d like everything would go in the best-case scenario. Your birth plan will also have to take into consideration what is available at the hospital or place where you are giving birth. Some birth plans are very basic, just outlining a simple overview, whereas others may be far more detailed and in-depth. The choice is yours. Typically a birth plan will include before, during and after labour and birth preferences. Such as who you want to assist you during birth, whether or not you want any pain medication,  you birthing positions, and requests for newborn care, such as skin-to-skin time. How can I learn more about the birth process?  If you feel like you need to top up your birthing knowledge before putting together a plan they are a few ways you can go about this. Joining antenatal classes are a good way to learn more and to meet other women in your position. Chatting to friends or family who has been through the birthing process themselves is another good way to see what would work best for you. If you and your partner are having a baby together, keep them in the loop as well. Find out what they expect during labour and you can chat about what you want, and what role you see them playing in the process.

Panado®

Pocket-Sized Reassurance for Life’s Unexpected Moments

Panado® knows that pain and fever in children never happen in just one place and often start without warning. You can schedule playdates, swimming lessons and dentist appointments, but you cannot schedule pain and fever. You can colour code the calendar and set reminders on your phone, but you cannot predict when pain and fever will strike. One minute, your child is perfectly fine, racing around the playground or chasing butterflies in the park. The next, they are flushed, clingy and telling you something hurts.  Many children will experience cold and flu symptoms, fevers, teething, toothache, and the odd sore throat, yet they can still catch you off guard. While you cannot prevent every virus or growing pain, you can control how prepared you are when pain and fever show up with Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets.1 Designed for real-life parenting moments, each sachet contains a single 5 ml dose of Panado® Strawberry Syrup, powered by paracetamol, an ingredient with more than 150 years of clinical experience2. The sachets are sealed, hygienic, compact and easy to store or carry, making them perfect for travel and everyday outings. Containing the same trusted3 formulation, strength and berry nice flavour parents know, Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets are ready to work immediately4 and are suitable for babies and children from three months and older. When needed, you tear or cut it open, measure the correct dose using a syringe or medicine measure, administer it and discard any remaining liquid. To support safe and accurate use, dosage is calculated according to a child’s age and weight. Parents can check the Panado® dosage calculator at panado.co.za/dosage-calculator, or scan the QR code for guidance. This helps take the guesswork out of dosing and gives extra peace of mind. The medicine cabinet  Your medicine cabinet is often the first place you turn when your child feels unwell. Keeping Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1 there means you are prepared without scrambling through drawers in the middle of the night. The nappy bag  The humble nappy bag holds wipes, nappies, snacks, toys and at least three things you forgot were in there. Toss in a few Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1, and you’re set for unexpected temperature spikes on the go. Handbags and pockets  As children grow, the nappy bag fades, but life’s curveballs don’t. Slip a slim Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachet1 into your handbag – or pocket on hectic days – in case your little one feels under the weather when you’re out and about. The cubby hole  A lot of your week plays out in the car, from school drop-offs and drives to friends, to quick dashes to the shops, and everything else in between. Stash Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1 in the cubby for instant access.  The first aid kit  Whether for trips, sleepovers, or school outings, your first aid kit already has plasters, antiseptics, and bandages. Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1 round it out perfectly for pain and fever relief. Children will have days when they don’t feel their best. You cannot prevent each one, but you can be ready for them. Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets1 help parents slip a little reassurance into the places you use every day so wherever life takes you and your child, trusted3 pain and fever relief travels with you. Panado® Strawberry 5 ml Sachets sit alongside the wider Panado® paediatric range, which includes Panado® Strawberry Syrup1, Panado® Peppermint5, suitable from Day 1 and Panado® Infant Drops6. Panado® Infant Drops were named a Product of the Year 2025 winner in the Child Health category7, based on votes from 2,000 South African consumers in a Kantar survey. Panado® products are available from Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem and independent pharmacies. For more information, visit: https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook.  For references and legal disclaimers, visit https://panado.co.za/references. Approval ticket #03.20261000005039. March 2026.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Why malaria is catching Gauteng residents off guard

For many South Africans, malaria is still seen as a distant risk, only associated with trips to the Kruger or rural parts of the country, and is widely assumed to be confined to the Lowveld or border regions such as Limpopo and Mpumalanga. However, recent developments show why that perception may be putting Gauteng residents at risk. In the first three months of 2026 alone, the Gauteng Department of Health recorded 414 confirmed malaria cases and 11 deaths – already exceeding the total number of fatalities recorded for the whole of 2025.  While local transmission remains rare in Gauteng, most cases are linked to travel to malaria-endemic regions such as parts of Limpopo, Mpumalanga or neighbouring countries, with symptoms often appearing only days or even weeks after someone has returned home. In rare instances, infections can occur without travel when infected mosquitoes are inadvertently transported into non-endemic areas through vehicles or aircraft, a phenomenon known as “odyssean malaria”. “The problem is that malaria is often not immediately suspected in urban settings, meaning symptoms are mistaken for a routine viral illness. And because malaria is not something many Gauteng residents expect to encounter, early symptoms can easily be dismissed,” says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. “Delay in recognising the illness and seeking care is where the real danger lies.” Malaria is also widely misunderstood. Unlike many infectious diseases, it is not contagious and cannot spread from person to person through casual contact. Infection only occurs when someone is bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito carrying the malaria parasite.  Don’t ignore flu-like symptoms One of the reasons malaria is frequently missed in its early stages is that the symptoms resemble common seasonal illnesses, like fever, chills, headaches, fatigue, muscle aches and nausea. Because of this overlap, people may try to manage symptoms at home rather than seeking medical care. This is where misconceptions can be dangerous. Malaria is not caused by a virus but by parasites transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, which invade red blood cells and can progress rapidly if left untreated.  “If someone develops flu-like symptoms and there has been any possible exposure, even weeks earlier, malaria should be considered and tested for,” says Hadebe. “Testing is quick and accessible, and early diagnosis dramatically improves outcomes.” When malaria becomes a medical emergency Although malaria often starts with relatively mild symptoms, it can deteriorate quickly. Warning signs that require urgent medical attention include confusion, difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, seizures, jaundice, extreme weakness or reduced consciousness. These symptoms may indicate severe malaria, which is a life-threatening complication that requires immediate treatment. If malaria is suspected, the most important step is to seek medical care without delay. Blood tests or rapid diagnostic tests can confirm infection, allowing treatment to begin quickly. Waiting to see if symptoms improve, or attempting to self-medicate, could allow the disease to progress rapidly. The hidden travel risk many South Africans overlook Many people associate malaria risk only with extended travel to remote areas. In reality, exposure often occurs during routine regional travel, including holidays or family visits to malaria-endemic parts of South Africa or neighbouring countries such as Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Symptoms may only appear days or even weeks after returning home, which can make the connection easy to miss. “Travel history is one of the most important clues clinicians rely on when assessing a patient with fever,” says Hadebe. “Even short trips to malaria-risk areas can result in infection, so it is critical that patients mention any recent travel when seeking medical care.” Malaria remains both preventable and treatable, but delays in diagnosis and treatment significantly increase the risk of severe illness and death. Seek medical advice early when symptoms appear and ensure prompt testing and treatment to prevent avoidable loss of life.

Doug Berry

Help your toddler survive your divorce

Divorce is unpleasant, emotional and can be a downright hurtful experience. The problem is that we sometimes forget that we aren’t the only ones experiencing this pain. Often our children suffer an unnecessary degree of hurt as a result of our incompatibility with our chosen partner… Some tips: Consistency This is a watchword for the divorcing parent! With toddlers, parents must be mindful of the need for consistency in the child’s life. This is not the time to drag them from house to house. If at all possible, they should stay in familiar surroundings with the noncustodial parent visiting there. Communication At this age, the toddler understands more than they are often given credit for. They can comprehend that one parent has left the home, but not understand why. At this age, their concept of time is also arbitrary. Your child may ask you when they are going to see their daddy, or why their daddy isn’t here anymore. No matter how many times you have to give them the answers, don’t get frustrated with them, as their world is very confusing at this time. This ties back into consistency, as you become their source of understanding and answers. Conflict If you have to argue or “debate passionately”, make sure to do it in a way that doesn’t cause your child undue fear or concern. Remember, you are the adults in this situation and you have a responsibility to your child, to reduce as much harm as this separation is causing, as possible. Behaviour Toddlers often test their boundaries by saying “No” to adults or testing limits, such as hitting or throwing. This behaviour and acting out can increase during the divorce process as a result of confused boundaries and definitions in the family environment. Toddlers need clear, consistent rules (back to consistency!) that are enforced in a loving way. Empathy Toddlers don’t have a very developed sense of empathy and tend to be concerned primarily with how their own needs are to be met. In the event of divorce, their sense of security becomes more self-oriented and their concern is about whether or not they will be secure, if they will be loved and nourished. Emotions As your toddler becomes more aware of their own feelings, they learn to express them through words and play. As tensions increase in the household due to impending divorce, they may become more reactive. Strong feelings are hard for them to manage and moderate. Don’t forget to let them know that its ok to feel them, but remember to help them manage the intensity by proper displays of your own emotional state, as well as appropriate levels of affection and understanding towards your child. Why do divorce rates increase? There are several reasons that have been put forward as to why there could be an increase in the number of divorces being seen. Here are just a few! Time of year There is a commonly recognised trend that causes a spike in divorce numbers around January and February. The assumption here is that partners who are already discontent often reach a decisive point after having to spend prolonged holidays with their partners over the festive season. This seems to galvanise many into initiating divorce proceedings in the New Year. Empowerment With the increase in awareness of rights according to the constitution of South Africa, more women have become more empowered and are less likely to remain in abusive or undesirable relationships.  In the past, many women would remain in unhappy relationships as they felt that they did not have another option, but in current times, a better degree of knowledge and understanding of women’s’ rights could be contributing to the rise of divorce. No-fault divorce South African law provides for no-fault divorce based on the “irretrievable breakdown” of the marital relationship. Couples no longer need to prove that one person is at fault. They can simply say that the marriage relationship has broken down. In essence, it has become much easier to secure a divorce on clear and available legal grounds, with less procedure than in the past. Traditional roles In the past, traditional roles played a strong part in maintaining the marital unit. Partners did not question their lot in the marriage as openly and as a result, there was less open conflict. This is not to say that there was more happiness, merely less interpersonal disagreement. With the blurring of the definition of these roles, there is a rise in open disagreement, ending too often in divorce. Greater social acceptance In certain cultural groups in South Africa, divorce has long held an extremely shameful cloud over the divorcee, especially for the former wife. This has resulted in shunning and community abandonment, which served to discourage others from initiating proceedings. The more accepting the societies become of the concept; the more individuals are willing to pursue it as a route out of an undesirable marriage. Less guilt It is not uncommon these days for couples to wait 10 years before having children. As a result, many do not feel the same degree of guilt over “breaking up” the family unit, or over causing children distress. The disclaimer “at least there aren’t kids involved” can be heard echoing through the divorce courts.

Mia Von Scha

Calming a Child with Sensory Processing Difficulties

Many people are unaware that there is a difference between a tantrum and a meltdown. While both may involve screaming, kicking, shouting, biting and even swearing, there are some fundamental differences. Tantrums involve a child who has been frustrated in their attempt to do or have something, they usually only occur with an audience and they’ll usually abate once the child has what they want. Meltdowns on the other hand are a reaction to feeling overloaded or overwhelmed and there is no end goal or need for an audience. Meltdowns are the most common complaint of parents who have children with sensory processing issues and can result from trips to the supermarket, parties, classrooms or even just a bumpy sock. Most often, these children have trouble transitioning from one activity to another and may meltdown every day when they have to move from playing to school or from bath-time to bedtime. Their brains are continuously receiving jumbled messages from their senses and just getting through the day can be incredibly frustrating and overwhelming. Because they are often not getting enough proprioception, they seek ways to stimulate their muscles and joints (which can be very calming for them) and so may seem to be in perpetual motion. They tend to be both under and over stimulated at the same time! Here are some tips both for avoiding the meltdowns in the first place, and for calming a child who is becoming over stimulated and ready to crack. Firstly, predictability is very important for these children. They need to know what is happening and what will happen next and need lots of warning if there will be changes in their routine and/or if they need to transition to a new activity or environment. Making a picture chart of their daily routine can be helpful with the little ones so that they know what to expect next. Consistency is important too. Being very consistent with rules and consequences and with your own reactions to things. Never ever restrict movement time as a punishment. I’m not a fan of punishment at all, as “bad behaviour” is really just a communication from a child that something is not right, but these children do need predictable and clear boundaries in order to feel safe. It is essential to keep their blood sugar levels stable. Low blood sugar levels can exacerbate the symptoms and meltdowns. High protein, high fat and low carb diets are ideal. Sugar is a no-go area. Having a sensory retreat can be very helpful for recovering from a meltdown. Have a quiet, dark area like a tent with lots of pillows, some soft music, a chew toy and maybe even a weighted blanket. When you’re out and about, make sure you have a bottle with ice cold water and a straw for them to drink from, keep a pack of chewy snacks like biltong, raisins etc, have a stress ball or Prestick or a strip of Velcro for them to play with, get them to carry a heavy backpack, and consider purchasing some soundproof headphones to block out excess noise. At home, useful aids include an indoor or outdoor trampoline, a weighted blanket, a pilates ball, a rocking chair or swing. They need safe ways to jump, kick, run, push, pull and punch. This could involve jungle gyms or pull up bars, or even just pushing a heavy bag around the house or pulling a heavy wagon on a walk (or even pushing the trolley or carrying heavy groceries at the shops). Bath time can be improved by scrubbing them with a rough brush or sponge or giving them a deep massage after the bath, having a massage jet spray in the bath, and buying them an electric toothbrush instead of the ordinary ones. At cooking time, give your sensory child something to do like heavy mixing, rolling of dough, carrying heavy pots or tenderising meat with a mallet. Helping around the house can also be very calming for them – get them to vacuum or move furniture so you can clean or to do the heavy digging in the garden. Playtime on rainy days can be supplemented with indoor obstacle courses or creating an indoor sandpit with beans or popcorn instead of sand and the usual cups, shovels, cars etc. Other calming tips can include using a special video or song to transition between two activities, placing a heating pad on the back of their neck, using lavender or chamomile essential oils dropped behind their ears, drinking chamomile tea, and even sandwiching them between two pillows and squashing them. There is some research now to suggest that kids with sensory processing issues have inflammation in the brain, which can be relieved by supplementing high doses of Omega 3’s and curcumin (the active ingredient in turmeric). A regular probiotic can also help. It is also hugely beneficial if you are calm. Doing some deep breathing when your child is losing it will ensure that you can think clearly and come up with solutions to pull them out of their meltdown instead of joining them in it! Remember that your child is not trying to be naughty or difficult, they are genuinely struggling to keep it together in the world and to feel ok in their own skin. A bit of patience, a lot of creativity, and some forethought can go a long way towards helping these kids to get through a day without a meltdown.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Working and Pregnancy – When to Stop and How Much Is Enough

As an expecting mom with a career you may be wondering when the best time would be to stop working and how you can stay comfy and productive when you are still in the workplace. Morning sickness, back pain, frequent bathroom breaks and other pregnancy related symptoms can make working as you used to a more challenging task for you. It’s important that you calculate the risks that your job could possibly have to you and your baby. For instance if you are working with chemicals, heavy metals or radiation you’ll need to either stop working or take extra precautions. Heavy lifting or labour intensive jobs and lots of travel for work are also jobs that’ll become more difficult as your pregnancy progresses. Desk work and computer work are generally regarded as safe, whereas jobs that require lots of standing will become more difficult in later pregnancy. Dealing with work and pregnancy Working can be stressful without having a growing baby in your belly. The physical and emotional changes that you experience can make meeting your body’s and workplaces’s demands a challenging task. However, some moms with healthy pregnancies are able to work almost until they go into labour, how much you can do will depend on your pregnancy. Morning sickness is something many moms have to deal with. There are ways you can help manage nausea at work. Avoiding dining areas, packing mouthwash and a toothbrush and packing in soothing lemon and ginger are all things you can do to make yourself more comfortable. Eating and drinking little and often can also help keep the nausea at bay. Be sure to dress comfortably, and try to take frequent breaks and walks, as this’ll also help you stay more comfortable. What rights am I entitled to as an expecting mom in South Africa? As a pregnant employee, you are probably wondering what rights you’re entitled to. It is a good idea to inform your employee as soon as you can, so that your employer can manage the situation as best as they can (for both of you) – they are required by law to maintain a work environment that is safe for their employees. As an expecting mom, you will be glad to hear that you’re well protected  under South African law – you may not be discriminated against or dismissed due to your pregnancy. You also have the right to four consecutive months unpaid maternity leave, anytime from four weeks before your expected birth date. Unfortunately employees are not obligated to pay you during this period, however, your job will be kept open for you until your return to work after maternity leave.

Bonitas – innovation, life stages and quality care

Breastfeeding tips

Symptoms you may experience when not breastfeeding The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Care for your breasts when not breastfeeding The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Try ice packs on your breast for 15-20 minutes at a time. If ice doesn’t help, try using a warm washcloth on your breasts. Wear a well-fitting bra that is not too tight. Let your baby nurse at your breasts for a few minutes at a time. Ask your doctor about methods to help release a small amount of milk from your breasts, which may relieve some of the discomfort. Contact your doctor if you have any questions or concerns or you develop chills, or a fever and your breasts are still uncomfortable and swollen after 1-2 days. Benefits of breastfeeding The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Breastfeeding is a skill and can take time to learn; don’t get discouraged if it’s not easy for you at first.  Breastfeeding educators are available and can be helpful in overcoming some of the hurdles. Choosing to breastfeed your child provides many benefits for both you and your baby. Some of these include: How to breastfeed The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Some simple tips on how to breastfeed: Keeping your breasts healthy The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Keeping your breasts healthy during breastfeeding is important.  Here are some things to watch for:

Mia Von Scha

How To Be Angry Without Destroying Your Kids’ Self-Confidence

All too often I hear parents trying to repress their anger around their kids. Now this is not only unhealthy for you (repressed emotions actually create illness within the body) but it is also not great for your kids to grow up believing that some emotions are simply not ok to have. All emotions are a part of our human journey, and are messages from our unconscious mind regarding things we need to pay attention to or change in our lives. Having said that, it is also worth noting that telling your child that THEY are making YOU angry, sad, irritated (or even happy) is simply too much responsibility to place on another human being, particularly a little one! No one can MAKE you anything. Think about squeezing an orange. What comes out? I’m hoping that you’re saying “orange juice”! Not guava juice or pear juice or cherry flavoured Coca-Cola! Why? Because you only get out what is already within. So if your kids are pushing your buttons and there’s anger coming out, well then that’s what is within. Take responsibility for your own emotions. Own them – they’re yours. However, this does not mean that you are not allowed to experience these emotions, and even experience them very strongly in the presence of your children. So how do we express strong negative emotions without damaging our kids and making them feel responsible for us and our emotional state? How do we teach them to take responsibility for THEIR own emotions and not blame you or their siblings or teachers or life for how it is that THEY are feeling? It all starts with the little one-letter word “I”. “I am feeling soooo angry right now”, “I am feeling more and more and more irritated, so irritated that I could just scream”, “I am feeling ridiculously happy, like the luckiest person in the world”. As opposed to: “You are making me very angry”, “You are irritating me”, “You make your mom sooo happy”. Can you see the difference? And these can be said with as much emotion or volume as you feel is appropriate. You can even step it up in ways that they can relate to and that gives them some warning about where you’re at… “I am about as angry as a pea right now… Now I’m as angry as a small cat… AND NOW I’M AS ANGRY AS A LARGE ELEPHANT!!!” They will get the message. They will learn when to step away. They will learn how to experience strong emotional states themselves without lashing out at others. What they won’t learn is to take responsibility for you. What they won’t learn is to blame. What they won’t learn is to beat themselves up for your inner state. This builds emotional maturity, responsibility and self-confidence. All emotions are ok, but how we choose to express them is what makes the biggest difference.

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