Advice Column - Parenting Hub

Leading Expert Advice from Curro Online

Advice from the experts

Breast Cancer – different screening tools

Radiologists from the SCP Radiology practice and Dr Lizanne Langenhoven, who specialises in the treatment of breast cancer, talk about the different kinds of screening for breast cancer. Dr Langenhoven says, ‘When you consider that around 90% of women find their own breast lumps, it is a very important part of the screening process. Although 80 percent of these lumps are not malignant, there are cases where women owe their lives to their own self-examination.’ A guide to self-examination: Lying down or in the shower: Place your right hand behind your head. Using the pads of the fingers on your left hand, feel for changes in your entire breast in a circular. Do the same above and below and in your armpit area. In front of a mirror: Check for any dimpling, puckering or changes in either nipple. See your doctor or clinic if you have any of these symptoms. Have regular screenings at your doctor or clinic. The different screenings include: Mammogram: Is breast imaging using low-dose X-rays to form a 2D image. The advantage is it often reveals abnormalities undetected in a clinical breast examination. Four images are taken, two of each breast. The breast is lightly compressed for less than 1 minute during the examination to improve diagnostic accuracy. Tomosynthesis: This is a form of 3D mammography and uses X-rays as well as sophisticated software to create a 3D image of the breast. It is considered better at detecting cancer and reducing false positives in dense breast tissue. It is invaluable in problem-solving and is used in combination with 2D mammography. Breast Ultrasound: Ultrasound is a supplementary investigation used to further evaluate morphology, blood flow, and consistency of masses and lymph nodes that are abnormal mammography. It uses no radiation but rather real-time imaging, using sound waves to create an image. It’s a slightly longer process and is also valuable in problem-solving. It is used in combination with a mammogram not in place of it. MRI: The digital MR image is created using strong magnetic fields and radio waves but no radiation. You will receive an intravenous injection and then lie on your stomach, in an MRI ‘tunnel’ for around 45 minutes. An MRI for breast screening is usually used for problem-solving, high-risk screening and for women who have breast implants. Biopsy: A breast biopsy may be recommended when a suspicious area is found in your breast, like a breast lump or other signs and symptoms of breast cancer. It is also used to investigate unusual findings on a mammogram, ultrasound, or other breast examination. Thermography: Thermography is a test that uses an infrared camera to detect heat patterns and blood flow in body tissues. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DTI) is the type of thermography that can be used to show these patterns and flow in the breasts.

October 23, 2023

THOMAS & FRIENDS: ALL ENGINES GO!

Thomas & Friends: All Engines Go! is back on track with big adventures fueled by friendships. Thomas and his friends will embrace unexpected surprises and discover more about each other as they get into new shenanigans on the Island of Sodor. When Carly doesn’t return from saving Emily from an accidental derailing, a worried Sandy recruits the help of a bored Diesel to find her best gal pal. As their friends organise a special party, Sandy and Kana try to create a surprise of their own – but when it goes wrong, they learn that togetherness is more important than any surprise. In a bid to make their job of prepping hay bales for a huge hay delivery more fun, Terence and Carly set out to create the tallest hay tower ever! Premiere: Monday, 23 October @ 08:25 CAT ⏰ Tune in: Mondays – Fridays @ 08:25 CAT Also available on DStv Catch Up

October 23, 2023

Beating heatstroke

Bonitas Medical Fund offers some advice about heatstroke. What the symptoms are, how to avoid it and what to do if someone, child or adult, develops heatstroke.

October 20, 2023

WE BABY BEARS- Star Seekers

Hop in the box for a We Baby Bears journey where The Baby Bears’ wish upon a star turns their box into a magical means of transportation to many worlds, from a village of talking vegetables to a land where snow sculptures come to life. This month – join Baby Grizz, Baby Panda, and Baby Ice Bear in a two-part special entitled ‘The Little Fallen Star’ where the Baby Bears travel to the far reaches of space to discover the origin of their magic box. Premiere: Saturday, 21 October from 08:45 CAT

October 20, 2023

10 WAYS TO CARE FOR YOUR MENTAL HEALTH DURING PREGNANCY

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, explores ten ways to care for your mental health during pregnancy. While pregnancy is a time of excitement and anticipation, it is common for women to experience a range of emotions, including anxiety, mood swings, and even depression. “Hormonal shifts, such as the surge of progesterone, oestrogen, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), can significantly impact a woman’s mood,” explains Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “In addition to hormonal influences, the physical changes associated with pregnancy, such as nausea, vomiting, backache, and alterations in body image, can induce stress and affect emotional well-being. Furthermore, sleep disruptions and the significant life changes accompanying pregnancy can further contribute to emotional upheaval.” Acknowledging the complexity of these factors and their potential impact on mental health during pregnancy is essential. By prioritising mental well-being alongside physical care, women can nurture a positive and supportive environment for themselves and their growing baby. How To Prioritise Your Mental Health During Pregnancy Educate Yourself Hormonal fluctuations can trigger mood swings and emotional instability, and understanding these changes can provide reassurance that what you’re experiencing is normal. Read reliable books, attend prenatal classes, and consult your healthcare provider to learn about pregnancy’s psychological aspects. Talk About Your Feelings Communication is critical during this period. Talk openly about your feelings with your partner, friends, family, or healthcare provider. Sharing your experiences can help you process your emotions and reduce feelings of isolation. Stay Active Endorphins, which are natural mood boosters, are released during exercise. Regular physical activity can help manage stress and anxiety, enhance sleep, and boost energy levels throughout pregnancy. Gentle workouts such as walking, swimming, or pregnancy yoga are ideal. Before beginning any fitness routine, always consult with your healthcare physician. Healthy Eating What you eat can significantly impact your mood and energy levels. A healthy diet of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains will help your mental health. Avoid excessive caffeine and processed foods, which can increase anxiety levels and mood swings. Practice Mindfulness and Meditation Mindfulness and meditation techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety throughout pregnancy by focusing on the present moment. Deep breathing, progressive muscular relaxation, and guided imagery are all options. Consider taking a prenatal meditation class or using meditation apps to help you during your pregnancy. Prioritise Rest and Sleep Fatigue can exacerbate emotional instability. Prioritise rest and make sure you’re getting enough sleep. If you’re having trouble sleeping, discuss it with your healthcare provider. Simple strategies like limiting screen time before bed, maintaining a regular sleep schedule, and creating a calm, dark sleep environment can help. Establish a Support Network Surrounding yourself with a support network can make a significant difference. Whether it’s family, friends, healthcare providers, or a support group of other expecting mothers, having people to lean on can provide emotional stability and reassurance. Seek Professional Help If your emotional distress is persistent, affecting your daily life or causing you to have thoughts of harming yourself or others, it’s essential to seek professional help immediately. Therapists and counsellors are trained to help you navigate these challenges. In some cases, medication may be recommended. Limit Information Overload While it’s good to be informed, the sheer amount of information available can be overwhelming and anxiety-inducing. Limit your consumption of pregnancy-related information to trusted sources and avoid excessive searching and reading, particularly of scary or negative stories. Self-care Rituals Taking time to nurture yourself can boost your mood and overall well-being. Engage in activities you enjoy, pamper yourself, and practice self-care rituals. These include reading a book, taking a warm bath, listening to music, or spending time in nature. Conclusion Pregnancy is a remarkable journey, filled with moments of joy, anticipation, and inevitable challenges. By consciously caring for your mental health during this time, you’re nurturing yourself and creating a healthy environment for your growing baby. Remember, it’s okay to ask for help and prioritise your well-being. Your mental health matters – for both you and your baby. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

October 20, 2023

Barbie® Doll with Down Syndrome, Supported by Down Syndrome South Africa, Now Available in Store

The newest addition to Mattel’s range of inspirational dolls is a Barbie doll with Down syndrome, created to allow even more children to see themselves in Barbie, as well as have Barbie reflect the world around them. Now available in South Africa, ahead of National Down Syndrome Day on the 20th of October, The Barbie doll with Down syndrome is meant to inspire all children to tell more stories through play. “As the most diverse doll line on the market, Barbie plays an important role in a child’s early experiences, and we are dedicated to doing our part to counter social stigma through play,” said Lisa McKnight, Executive Vice President and Global Head of Barbie & Dolls, Mattel. “Doll play outside of a child’s own lived experience can teach understanding and build a greater sense of empathy, leading to a more accepting world. We are proud to introduce a Barbie doll with Down syndrome to better reflect the world around us and further our commitment to celebrating inclusion through play.” To ensure the doll accurately represents a person with Down syndrome, Barbie worked closely with the National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS). NDSS empowers individuals with Down syndrome and their families by providing resources, driving policy change, engaging with local communities. NDSS’s guidance and real-world experiences informed the design process from start to finish, including the dolls sculpt, clothing, accessories, and packaging. The close partnership ensured the Barbie team celebrated individuals with Down syndrome through a doll that would immediately connect with the community. “The launch of new Barbie Doll with Down syndrome in South Africa is a powerful symbol of inclusivity and representation”, says Ancella Ramjas, National Executive Director at Down Syndrome South Africa (DSSA). As an organisation working with persons with Down Syndrome and their families, this presents a unique opportunity to work with Barbie SA to educate, empower and promote acceptance towards a more inclusive world, where everyone’s uniqueness is celebrated.” “’Empowering Dreams, Embracing Diversity’ is the theme that we will be working with our upcoming National Awareness Month in October, and I also think it aligns with the message that we as an organisation see with regards to the impact of the new Barbie Doll. Together let’s break down barriers one doll at a time by Empowering Dreams and Embracing Diversity,” concludes Ancella Ramjas. Children’s early experiences help shape their thoughts and perceptions – and Barbie can play an important role in this process. When a child plays with Barbie, they play out their dreams and imagine they can be anything. Doll play has an incredible purpose during key developmental stages as it may help set children on a course for success by allowing them to develop empathy – fuelling social skills needed to excel as they imagine their futures with an equal playing field. The Barbie doll with Down syndrome allows more children to see themselves in Barbie as well as the world around them, which can help foster a sense of inclusivity. Barbie is the most inclusive doll line on the market – with over 175 looks offering a variety of eye colours, hair colours and textures, body types, disabilities, and fashions to tell more stories. Barbie has introduced dolls with vitiligo, dolls that use a wheelchair or a prosthetic limb, a doll with hearing aids and a doll without hair. This year, Barbie is continuing to represent global belonging and inclusivity with the full 2023 Fashionistas lineup, which also includes new dolls in a variety of body types including a new Fashionista doll wearing braces and a Ken Fashionista doll with a prosthetic leg. Barbie doll with Down Syndrome is available at leading retailers nation-wide, at a RSP of R279.00 Celebrate Down Syndrome Awareness Day by Joining Down Syndrome South Africa at the Pretoria Botanical Gardens for an Awareness Walk and Picnic on the 21st of October. The day will include a fun walk, cup cake decorating, family picnic, face painting, and so much more. RSVP to this event by mailing [email protected]

October 20, 2023

Toddler tantrums

We have all seen children having tantrums at some stage. If you have a toddler you sympathise with the parents. If you don’t, you shake your head and quietly think ‘mine would NEVER do that’. Well they will and when you don’t want them to. Temper tantrums are synonymous with the toddler years. The tantrum in the hands of a skilful toddler is an art form which will rival a Broadway show. He takes a quick look around to check that he is not going to get hurt when he lunges to the floor, he checks to see that he has the audience’s full attention. In a split second he starts his act, every detail designed to get the best reaction from his audience. How long the show lasts depends on the audience (you the parent). The older the child the longer they can perform. Thankfully by age 4 they have found better ways to get what they want. A toddler in full tantrum mode cannot be negotiated with. So try the following – Divert – This works well with the younger toddler. Try and divert his attention with something else. Ignore – Stay calm and don’t get stressed. Don’t argue with him, just go about with what you were doing. This is not easy. Check that he can’t get hurt and if you have to, leave the room. An Oscar winning performance without audience might just not be worth the effort. Time out – With the volume getting higher and the arms flaying you gently but firmly pick him up and place him in his room. Don’t shout, just calmly but in a firm voice say that this behaviour is unacceptable and he must stay there till he is calmer (a minute for every year of his life). Now remove yourself from the area. If he comes out and he is calm give him a great big love and all is forgiven. There are a number of reasons your toddler will tantrum. If he is tired, due for a nap or hungry it might not be the best time to take him shopping. If he has been over stimulated and is battling to integrate all that is happening around him, he is more likely to tantrum. These you can deal with if you start to recognise the signs early. He might start to pick his nose, fidget or whine. He might shield his eyes with his hands, yawn or sneeze. He may demand a bottle and if ignored it won’t be long before he throws himself on the floor for all to admire. Deal with this early to avoid a tantrum. Take him to a quiet place, let him sleep, feed him or just give him time to get away from all the noise and bustle. As he gets older he is more likely to tantrum if he can’t get his own way. You have asked him to stop throwing the ball in the lounge and after asking twice you take the ball away. Major reason to throw a tantrum no matter that you will allow the ball to be played with outside. Tackling tantrums can be tricky but it’s not impossible. Bear in mind that you should rather comfort a sick child than discipline him or if he is frustrated at not being able to build the tower help him with the task. Using the options of divert, ignore and time out you will conquer all other tantrums. Don’t give in or ‘applaud’ in any way. The least attention the performance gets the easier it is to cope with. If you keep giving rave reviews in the form of your own performance to the tantrum, the show will go on. Just bear in mind that the tantrums do eventually pass.

October 19, 2023

Sibling Room Sharing

Is it possible to have two children share one room? If children share a room do, they not wake each other? Is it possible to have 2 children share one room and sleep through? I get these questions often when clients want their children to share a room because they have the same gender and think it would be good for them or because practically there is only one room available. Yes, it is possible and successful too. My 4.5 year old and 5 month old had to share a room when we moved homes. I have 3 children and personality and sleep patterns are what swayed me to decide who would sleep in the same room together. My oldest child (4.5 years at the time) has always been a good sleeper (she seems to sleep independently, quite easily and not much wakes her up at night, she sleeps through (for 11 hours) and loves her sleep. I thought she would be the least disturbed and would be able to settle herself if/when woken up by her baby sister, as my 5 month old was still having one night feed until around 8 months. What helped with creating the best shared sleep environment: block out curtains and blinds (the darker the better), this helped with bedtime and morning light, putting white noise between the cot and bed, this helped to minimize their sleeping sounds of snoring or even coughing when sick. Placement: placing the cot and bed as far apart from each other as possible, the room isn’t very big and they are about a meter and a half apart. As well as talking to my 4.5 year old child about sharing with her baby sister and that bedtime was for sleep and not talking/playing time, 18 months later and this is becoming more of a regular discussion because the girls seem to think bedtime is choir practice time. Using a sleepy sack on my youngest also ensured she doesn’t wake from the cold morning or winter temperatures. Early wake ups were a bit of a challenge with each season change, my girl’s needs are a little different but using a gro-clock to help my oldest child understand that she needs to stay quiet and, in her bed, until it goes orange. If her baby sister wakes up we have heard her hush and “shhh” her and she has fallen asleep again or remained quiet until wake up time. Different bedtime times has also been a hurdle to overcome as my now 2 year old is exhausted by 6pm while my 6.5 year old is not yet ready to sleep until closer to 7pm. We allow our oldest to read or colour-in in our room until it is her bedtime, while we put our 2 year old down in her cot at 6pm. Once asleep her big sister sneaks in quietly and we tuck her into bed. For my eldest who started expressing fears of darkness or being alone around 5 years of age. We reminded her that she is not alone and her sister is in the room with her, this has bought much comfort and peace. We have used Feather the Owl as a night light facing my eldest while she falls asleep but once asleep we switch it off for the night. Napping was also a challenge as my 6 year old hasn’t napped since she was 3.5 years old, we moved all her toys to a central room where she can play while the baby sleeps. If the family has a ‘holiday nap’, which happens maybe once every 3 months, our oldest will nap on our bed while our 2 year old naps in their room in her cot. One of the biggest pros has been when my oldest child has felt scared and not wanting to be alone she hasn’t been alone as I remind her, her sister is in the room with her throughout the night. The biggest plus for us has been when they wake up in the morning (especially the cold winter mornings) my eldest can safely get her baby sister out of the cot independently and they come through to our room for some morning cuddles without me having to get out of my warm bed! Yes, I do believe room sharing is doable, achievable and hugely successful. My girls love sharing a room and have so much fun when they wake up together, they can be found in the cot together reading stories most mornings. By Megan Heuer – Good Night Consultant

October 19, 2023

Does what you eat in pregnancy matter?

There’s nothing quite like pregnancy to focus your attention on your health and well-being. Most moms-to-be naturally have questions and concerns about their nutrition so that they meet the needs of their growing baby. Of course, you also want to maintain a strong and healthy body that is well-prepared for birth and the rigours of new motherhood. Healthy eating during your pregnancy helps to ensure a healthy pregnancy weight and helps your baby develop normally and have a birth weight of at least 2.5 kilogrammes. Pregnancy is not the time to be experimenting with diet fads or taking ‘nutrition advice’ from non-experts. Rediscover Dairy dietitian, Maretha Vermaak says, “For your baby to be born healthy, growth and development need to happen on quite a strict schedule during each of the trimesters and therefore these timeframes are called ‘critical periods’. If certain nutrients are in short supply during these critical periods, development or growth may be disrupted. Having a healthy, nutrient-dense diet even before you fall pregnant will give you and your baby a good start.” No, you don’t need to ‘eat for two’ This adage is often interpreted as eating double, but your energy needs during pregnancy actually increase very little. In the first trimester you have no increased energy needs. In the second trimester, you need approximately 1470 extra kilojoules, and in the third trimester, that increases to only 1890 extra kilojoules. However, kilojoule counting is not an exact science, and it’s too hard to accurately maintain on a daily basis. Maretha says, “It can be helpful instead to monitor your weight gain and increase or decrease your energy intake relative to that. However, the best approach is to focus on your nutrient intake, understanding the role of nutrients in a healthy pregnancy and making sure that the nutritional quality of your food is good.” Nourishing nutrients you need From conception to birth, your baby’s cells will divide rapidly, highlighting the importance of having the right fuel to support these processes. Here are six ‘star’ nutrients to focus on: ● Protein – During pregnancy your protein needs increase by 50% to support the development of your growing baby’s body. However, most people exceed the daily recommendation for protein (0.8g/kg/day) and so increasing your protein intake is not likely to be necessary. What you can do is focus on the quality of the protein you consume. Choose a variety of animal and plant-based proteins and opt for minimally-processed foods. Some examples of good protein choices include milk and other dairy products such as maas, yoghurt and cheese; fatty fish such as sardines, pilchards or cooked seafood; meat and poultry, eggs, legumes, nuts and seeds. ● Folate – This is a B-vitamin that is critical for DNA synthesis and cell division. Not having enough folate can lead to neural tube defects in your growing baby. This nutrient is so important that all women of childbearing age are advised to consume it in adequate amounts. Foods rich in folate include dark-green leafy vegetables, fruits and grains as well as nuts, legumes, seafood, eggs, dairy products, meat and poultry. ● Iron – Additional iron is important for mom, because during pregnancy blood volume increases, which means that there are more red blood cells with each needing iron to function. Additional iron is also stored by your baby, especially in the final weeks of gestation. Many women enter their pregnancies with low iron stores and so the risk for iron deficiency anaemia increases as the pregnancy progresses. Good sources of iron are red meat and eggs. Eating vegetables and fruit high in vitamin C together with iron-rich foods will improve the absorption of iron Tip: As milk and dairy inhibit the absorption of iron, it is best to have iron-rich foods (or a supplement) during the day rather than with breakfast, which usually contains milk or dairy products. ● Zinc – This is an important mineral for cell division and immune function, but women generally do not get enough of this nutrient every day. Animal foods such as meat, seafood and dairy products, and also plant-based foods such as legumes, nuts and seeds are good sources of zinc. ● Omega-3 fatty acids – Brain and eye development rely on adequate levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Protein-rich foods such as fatty fish, nuts and seeds are good sources of omega 3 fats too. ● Calcium – Pregnancy boosts your body’s ability to absorb and store calcium. Consuming about 1200 mg of calcium a day during pregnancy calcium is important not only for forming your baby’s bones and teeth but also for maintaining your own bone health. Milk and dairy products such as maas, yoghurt and cheese are great sources of calcium that is easily absorbed by the body. Three to four servings of dairy a day are recommended to help you reach your required calcium intake. Fish usually eaten with their bones, such as tinned sardines, can also be a valuable source of calcium. One extra micronutrient One nutrient that we have not touched on is iodine which plays a role in the production of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones impact on maternal energy metabolism and support the growth and development of the baby in the first trimester. In addition, it is a vital nutrient for proper brain development, potentially affecting neurocognitive outcomes of children later in their lives. During pregnancy, thyroid hormone production increases by 50%, which means you need to make iodine-rich foods part of your diet. In South Africa, many people meet their iodine needs by using iodised salt. However, as eating a lot of salt is generally not recommended, especially for those with high blood pressure, it is best not to rely on iodised salt as your only source of iodine. Milk and dairy products can contribute greatly to iodine intake. What else may be missing? Fibre! A high-fibre diet not only offers many health benefits, but it can also help to reduce constipation during pregnancy. Many women experience constipation during

October 19, 2023

How can I raise a body positive child?

With media bombarding our children from a very young age with images of what they think a person’s body should be – raising a body positive child is harder than it was 20 years ago.

October 18, 2023

When nutrition affects toddler sleep

We don’t often relate bad eating to bad sleeping when it comes to toddlers (12 – 36 months). This is a considered a baby issue, yet it can have a major impact toddlers, and can often lead to very bad habits that are difficult to change. At Good Night we are SLEEP experts and NOT feeding experts BUT with this very intricate relationship, it is something that we can assist with or at least identify issues to ensure healthy sleeping. From my experience, these are the major nutritional factors that can influence your toddler’s sleep: Still drinking milk during the night This is by far the most common nutritional issue we pick up when it comes to toddlers. This can have a large impact not only on their sleep but it can also have a domino effect on the rest of their nutrition and health. For healthy toddlers older than 12 months, solids (normal food) should be their main source of nutrients. Milk becomes secondary to the solids meals and should only be seen as a source of calcium and to quench their thirst. Thus it should be given with a solid meal and rather NOT as a separate meal on its own any longer. It is quite normal though for a toddler to have milk until he’s about 2 years old, especially if you have a milk lover or if you are still breastfeeding. But limit the milk to two feeds a day, one as part of breakfast and one as part of dinner. This also means that your toddler does not need to drink any milk during the night. The reality is that milk during the night can do more harm than good after 12 months for the following reasons: Your toddler is at a higher risk of having iron deficiencies if they drink more than 710 ml of milk during the day. Drinking milk during the night can cause tooth decay. Filling them up with milk at night can fill them up with nutrients that they don’t need and cause them to be picky eaters during the day. Too much sugar Sugary sweets, snacks, and juices should be avoided especially just before bedtime. When toddlers consume sugar, their blood sugar levels will increase and then drop significantly. Their tiny bodies will be hard at work to re-stabilize their blood sugar and, in doing so, will release adrenaline, a stress hormone, which can cause toddlers to experience restlessness. This, in turn, can have a major effect on their sleep. The temptation of sugar is everywhere, but caregivers are in an influential position of introducing kids to more nutritious foods early on. The more healthy foods that toddlers start enjoying while younger, the better. Not weaning your toddler from the bottle Paediatricians recommend that babies be weaned from their bottles by age one, and never later than 18 months for many reasons: Once again because of their teeth! If your toddler spends all day (or worse, all night) drinking from a milk bottle of milk, their teeth (not only the ones you can see) could experience permanent damage and serious decay. Too much bottle time can mean more ear infections. It can have an impact on their development. It can hinder speech as they cannot practice talking if there is a bottle in their mouth. Walking around with a trusty bottle keeps their hands from play and exploration. The reality with toddlers is that they are emotional beings and any changes will be a lot more challenging to administer and champion, but all these changes are for good reason and they will be healthier because of it. Consistency and determination will benefit you and your toddler regarding healthy food choices. By Jolandi Becker – MD of Good Night

October 18, 2023

What does crossing the midline really mean?

There are many terms that teachers, psychologists and other professionals may use that, at times, are perhaps not explained effectively leaving parents at a loss to the significance of these difficulties. It is important to understand what the importance of these conditions are, (especially if they have been mentioned in your child’s school report) what they mean, and the possible consequences and repercussions thereof. The midline is akin to an imaginary line going down the middle of one’s body from head to toe. Midline crossing is important for many skills to develop later on. For example, midline crossing is important for a youngster to develop the ability to use one hand to write across the entire page. This will also determine whether the youngster will have the necessary skills to read the length of the sentence across the page from left to right A child who can’t cross the midline, for instance, would use his/her left hand to write or paint on the left-side of the page and his/her right hand to write or paint on the right-hand side of the page which can hamper the learning process. Crossing the midline is also an indicator of bilateral co-ordination which is the ability to use both sides of the body and brain simultaneously. This is important for gross motor skills such as climbing stairs, walking, riding a bicycle and swimming. In addition, bilateral co-ordination is also important to read, write and learn. In other words, the right and left brain have to work together, for example in reading the left brain’s task is to decode a word whilst the right brain facilitates the understanding and meaning of what was read. Midline crossing is therefore essential for a youngster to develop as it is a very necessary skill for learning in all areas of life.

October 17, 2023

Tips for Breastfeeding Success!

After the birth – Keeping your baby with you after the birth will promote a feeling of closeness and a strong hormonal response that is linked with breastfeeding success. In many cases, it is even possible to have your baby with you immediately after a caesarean birth

October 17, 2023

Emotional and Social Milestones of a 6-year-old

Why it’s important to nurture empathy in kids? Parents should consider teaching empathy and nurturing emotional intelligence in their children for several reasons. In its most basic form, empathy is the ability to put oneself in another’s shoes and comprehend their emotions and experiences. Empathy can also be useful in teaching children about bullying and how to avoid it. Thus, teaching empathy is an important factor in preventing bullying at school. How can parents encourage emotional intelligence and empathy in their children? Make sure your child’s emotional needs are met – To be able to feel and express empathy for another person, a child’s emotional needs must first be satisfied. Before she can help someone else, she must be able to rely on her parents and caregivers for emotional support. Teach your child how to cope with negative emotions – Negative emotions like anger and jealousy are common in children and adults. A child with good emotional intelligence and empathy is more likely to be taught how to handle these feelings positively in a problem-solving manner by sympathetic parents. Ask, “How would you feel?” – When a pre-schooler smacks a sibling or a friend or takes away a toy they’re playing with, a parent should explain that such action might hurt a person. “How would you feel if someone took your toy away?” or “How would you feel if someone smacked you?” are some examples of questions to use. Name that feeling – Identify and categorize feelings and emotions as much as possible to assist your child in understanding them. If your child behaves kindly toward someone, you can say: “That was very good of you to be so worried about your friend; I’m sure it made him feel much better when you were so kind to him. If your child behaves unpleasantly, you can say: “I understand you may be angry, but it made your friend sad when you stole his toy from him.” Talk about positive and negative behaviours around you – In real life, as well as in books, television, and movies, we are always exposed to instances of good and bad behaviour. Discuss with your child any behaviour you notice, such as someone making another person upset or acting like a bully, or someone helping others and making them feel better about themselves. Set a good example – By watching you and other adults in their lives, your child learns how to interact with others. Show them what it is to be helpful or kind and loving. You can teach your child to be sympathetic by helping family members and neighbours and supporting friends and those in need or going through a difficult time.

October 17, 2023

Q and A – why are some women reluctant to go for a mammogram

The World Health Organization creates awareness around breast cancer in October. First initiated in October 1985, Breast Cancer Month has grown exponentially globally and this year is no exception. According to the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), it’s far better to have an early-stage diagnosis, as it results in better breast cancer treatment and long-term survival. CANSA recommends monthly breast self-examination, annual medical check-ups, and screening. Radiologists from the SCP Radiologist Practice and Dr Lizanne Langenhoven, who specialises in the treatment of breast cancer, address some of the concerns around breast cancer screening. If early detection is recommended and provides the best outcome, why are women reluctant to screen for breast cancer? An informal survey amongst women, who are hesitant to go, even though they have the means to go, shows that the top reasons include the following: It’s going to be too painful Many women still rely on their mother’s experience with early mammograms which were painful. Mammography machines have progressed exponentially since the early days, so the level of discomfort experienced during the procedure is now significantly reduced. Modern technology and digital equipment allow us to use less compression and still obtain quality imaging. Also, the amount of pressure is different for each individual, depending on the breast size and composition. Pressure is often manually adjusted so speak to your mammographer if you experience any discomfort. Fear of exposure to radiation A mammogram uses relatively low-dose radiation. The total dose is approximately 0.5 mSv (2D mammogram). To put it into perspective, we are exposed to 3.0 mSv of background radiation from our natural surroundings per year. Radiologists also strictly follow what’s known as the ALARA principle – to always apply radiation “as low as reasonably achievable”. The benefits of mammography thus far outweigh the risks from this low dose radiation. Fear of finding out you have breast cancer Dr Langehoven says, ‘The good news is that our understanding of the different subtypes of breast cancer has improved significantly over the past few years! We no-longer follow a one-type-fits-all approach and many women may even safely be spared chemotherapy in a curative setting. ‘As with everything else in life, it is easier to address a ‘small’ or ‘early’ problem than it is to address a much larger problem! I’ve seen breast cancer diagnosed at a size of 2mm on mammogram – meaning that treatment is tailored to a very low risk situation. In short, the earlier we become aware of an existing problem, the sooner it can be addressed and with much less invasive treatment.’ I don’t go for mammograms, I only go for thermography At present, thermography cannot substitute mammography but may be used as complementary screening. Dr Langenhoven cautions that thermography is not all it is cut out to be. In order for the cancer to give off heat signals, it has to be significant in size. Mammography on the other hand can detect changes in the breast before they progress to cancer. A mammogram therefore picks up the disease course much sooner than thermography. Why mammography instead of ultrasound, which doesn’t use radiation? Mammography is our workhorse. We look for masses, calcifications, and architectural distortion. Ultrasound is a supplementary investigation used to further evaluate morphology, blood flow, consistency of masses, and lymph nodes that are abnormal on a mammogram. Tomosynthesis is also supplementary, used to further evaluate architectural distortion seen on a mammogram. They all work together. With denser breasts mammography is less sensitive, which is when we add the supplementary investigations to improve the sensitivity of detection. If am diagnosed with breast cancer I am going to die anyway, so I would rather not find out This statement is not true in the current day and age where 90% of women with early breast cancer can be cured of their disease, says Dr Langenhoven. ‘In the same way we don’t drive cars from the 50’s, our treatment is no longer ancient either!’ The side-effect profiles of our new drugs are aimed at improving quality of life during treatment, and the fact that we now identify and treat 4 distinct subtypes of breast cancer means that we can target the specific growth-pattern at play and avoid unnecessary treatment. Previously, because we didn’t know which women had aggressive breast cancers and who didn’t, all women were treated more or less the same up to a few years ago. This meant that women feared finding out they had breast cancer for fear of the radical and toxic treatment they would be subjected to. This has really changed over the past 10 or 15 years and our approach has changed to be specific and conservative when we advise treatment. It is tailored to the specific characteristics of each women’s disease. Surgical outcomes are so much better and very few women would ever be offered a ‘flat’ mastectomy as part of their treatment plan. We no longer approach breast cancer surgery without consideration of the cosmetic outcomes and quality of life of the woman behind the cancer. The notion that cancer means suffering and death comes from a bygone time and we should do all we can to change this outdated perception. The survival rate of breast cancer depends on a number of factors including the type of cancer, the immune receptors, the grade, and the speed at which it is growing – these all determine the survival rate. A big tumour that is slow growing and has a low grade has a more favourable outcome after treatment, than a small tumour that is high grade and fast growing. However, if a cancer is found early and the grade is established earlier, then tailored treatment can begin earlier which may slow down or limit the progress. An early diagnosis will improve treatment outcome. The advantage of screening is early detection for better treatment outcomes and prognosis. Dr Langenhoven adds that early detection really counts when it comes to treatment related side-effects and cost of treatment. An early cancer may very

October 16, 2023

What is your teen telling you…without telling you?

How many of us can truly say they remember just what it was like to be a teenager? Like a severe trauma that lasts years, as we get older, we start to distance ourselves from it out of necessity. It becomes something we remember fondly, yet not fully. Perhaps with good reason… To feel misunderstood, especially by the prior generation, has to be one of the hallmarks of the years between 13 and 18 or 19. The words “you just don’t understand!” or similar are uttered and muttered both verbally and non-verbally the world over and over. These young humans have to change from being a child, to living in limbo, the space between childhood and adulthood for a long period, torn between the need for independence and the confines of being a minor. The teen years are a time when children undergo great changes and transitions; they may want you to think you’re not needed any more, but the reality is you, as a parent are needed more than ever. Teenagers are constantly testing their boundaries, learning what it means to move forward, haltingly and erringly from childhood to adulthood. One of the best ways to maintain connection and communication with your teen is to pay attention to body language and non-verbal cues. This can be so helpful in avoiding unnecessary conflict between you. Aside from the rare exception to the norm, a teen will strongly withhold what they’re really feeling and thinking. It can be seen as challenging to them to try to force answers from them when all we want to know is what’s going on with them. They may feel silly, or not want to admit to their parents that they aren’t as mature and independent as they would like to be. There is a degree of reluctance to let go of something that they are holding dear, something that makes them separate from you as the parent and therefore seemingly independent to a degree. Despite this reluctance to open up and share, their thoughts and feelings often still show through in their body language. Perhaps it’s time we tried to take a closer look at their (and once our own) communication, to try to see if we can help them to navigate these challenging years! Some common body Language of Modernus Teenagerus. Teens generally show most of the same body language as adults, but sometimes the non-verbal cues are less obvious or slightly distorted, since it is less natural and more deliberate for many of them. Let’s try to decipher just some common examples of teenage body language and what they appear to mean… Slumped body posture: A teen that walks with slumped body posture may be feeling self-conscious, unhappy, stressed, or just a bit down. He or she might also feel pretty good, but is just lost in thought about something else. Keep an eye on whether or not this is the go-to posture or just on rare occasion when they are thinking deeply. This will help you determine if it’s necessary to intervene further. Poor eye contact: Teens often struggle to make eye contact, especially with adults. They haven’t yet developed the self-confidence or comfort level of a full blown adult and so sometimes, they just can’t quite look you in the eye. This doesn’t have to have any implications for honesty or whether or not they’re hiding something. Think about how difficult it is to hold eye-contact with someone who seems more competent and confident than you. Now think about learning to do this for the first time and how nerve-wracking it can be! Backgrounding: Teens may have a tough time initiating conversation with their parents, so they sort of hang around in the background. They don’t quite engage you directly, but they also don’t head off and do something else on their own.

October 16, 2023

SOLVING EDUCATION ONE PUZZLE AT A TIME

One of the most exciting things I have seen, was a pre-school offering “Puzzle Club” as an extra mural. With today’s busy life, it has become all too easy for parents to let their children do puzzles on a tablet, instead of taking the time to sit and teach them to do traditional puzzles, to sit and manipulate the pieces until they fit together to create a whole picture. Mathematics at school is based on seven basic principles. Almost all of those can be learned by doing puzzles! So if you want to give your child the edge with Math’s at school, take the time to teach them to do puzzles. The benefits of teaching our children to do traditional puzzles are endless. Visual analysis and synthesis. This is particularly important for developing reading later on. By putting the puzzle pieces together children are learning how to combine different pieces to make a whole (synthesis). They are also learning how to investigate the pieces that make up that whole (analysis). This is the same process that they learn when reading – we make words by putting letters together (synthesis) and we can learn to spell a word by breaking it up into parts (analysis). Mathematics at school is based on seven basic principles. Almost all of those can be learned by doing puzzles! Problem solving skills. It is so easy for parents and teachers to “solve” the puzzle for children. But we need to allow them time to work out how to complete the picture on their own. That being said, it is always beneficial to give children a framework to work within in order to put the puzzle together. Once they have realised what it is all about, they may well want to work out their own way of doing it, and that is okay! This develops their problem solving skills and encourages independent thinking. Even the simplest of puzzles require toddlers to think and develop different approaches to achieve their goal. Fine motor control. Putting a puzzle together, requires children to pick up the pieces, sort them, manipulate them and fit them together without breaking them. This is an excellent way to develop their motor skills, which they need for eating, writing, cutting out, drawing and so much more. Hand eye-coordination. From early days putting the big wooden shapes into the correct place, right through to mastering the smaller pieces of a 100 piece puzzle or more, children are developing their hand eye-coordination. The wrong piece obviously does not fit and they have to try all over again. This trial and error helps them to do what they actually see. Patience and Persistence: Puzzles are brilliant ways to teach our young ones about the benefits of persevering at a task and not giving up. Children also learn about shapes, colours, and sizes when working with puzzles. Other benefits of allowing and encouraging children to build puzzles include: Developing their vocabulary: by talking to children about the picture on the puzzle, we are teaching them new words, and what types of things go together (word association) like a tractor and a farm. Spatial relationships: children learn what words like above, next to, behind and below mean when they are building puzzles. Last, but definitely not least, children learn self-confidence from being able to complete a whole puzzle.

October 16, 2023

Always online – SA teens share real-life experiences

FYI play it safe launches ’Sip the Tea’ podcast If you’re the parent of a teenager, you most likely don’t know as much about their online life as you should. Our children are immersed in the digital world, inhabiting digital environments, and gathering in digital spaces that most parents don’t even know exist, never mind understand how to navigate. It doesn’t help that these virtual locales where teens meet up and hang out are ever-changing; they can disappear in a whiff, migrate at a whim and new ones pop up every day. It’s nearly impossible for parents to keep up. Our tweens and teens range across a multitude of social media, gaming environments and messaging platforms where they find the connection and validation that is so vital to their life-stages. But they also encounter risks and dangers. ‘Sipping the tea’ is teen slang for side-eyeing the juicy ‘gos’ and listening in to get the latest scoop. Rachelle Best, parent of a teenage daughter and the CEO and Founder of the AI-powered monitoring app, FYI play it safe, is the host of Sip the Tea. Across the first season of eight episodes launching on 17th October, Rachelle, in conversation with presenter, Amy Maclver, tackles major themes impacting on teens’ online lives, such as cyberbullying, online grooming, pornography and exposure to upsetting content. Teens’ voices, digitally altered to protect identity, are prominent throughout the series, as they open up to Rachelle about their own experiences as well as share insights about the experiences of their siblings and friends. Rachelle says, “Parents listening in may be surprised at the frankness and honesty. Teens so often have the reputation for reticence or even being secretive when it comes to connecting with adults. “In my journey, both through Sip the Tea interviews and engaging with children in schools, one glaring truth has emerged — our kids crave open and honest conversations about the digital world’s lurking risks and threats. They are not just curious; they’re deeply disturbed by the dangers they face online. Remarkably, many of these young people don’t merely seek protection; they aspire to help us, the adults, understand the real risks they face. Most agree that there should be limits and protections on children’s online activity – in fact, they recommend these. What they don’t want though, is to be judged and punished for their curiosity or their mistakes. They don’t want the adults to overreact. They don’t want the WIFI switched off or to have their devices taken away. Instead, they’re offering us a unique opportunity — a chance for parents to reshape their approach to online safety. It’s an invitation to build an understanding relationship with their teen based on open and honest communication.” On the one hand, there are parents who are prone to overreact and rigidly police their children’s devices, and on the other are those who have their heads in the sand and believe the risks will never materialise with their children. Rachelle says, “Unfortunately, the ‘not my child syndrome’ is rife in South Africa. There are parents who do nothing or so little to create a family online safety ecosystem, and then blithely say they don’t need to because they ‘trust their child’. However, online safety should not be linked to the trust-relationship with your child. Harmful content is everywhere, and your child does not necessarily have to go looking for it to be exposed. A child may see porn through no fault of their own, think that the trust-relationship with their parents is now ruined and that their parents won’t trust them again. When I conducted the Sip the Tea interviews, I anticipated some shocking stories about online grooming, cyber bullying and pornography; what I didn’t expect is the extreme cruelty that some of the children had encountered. We hear from these kids’ stories, that they have been exposed to some of the most horrific scenes imaginable, which is bound to make a lasting impact on their emotional well-being.” The family online safety ecosystem that Rachelle refers to here is the use of multiple solutions that goes beyond just deploying the phone’s screen time limit and parental controls to restrict access to some known websites and apps. While these play a role in the online safety ecosystem, their efficacy is partial. Latest solutions such as FYI play it safe draw on AI and ML to monitor the content of children’s online activity across multiple devices in real-time. This provides parents with proactive alerts when their children may be exposed to online risks. It dynamically monitors all the content that the child engages with, including social media, in-game and instant messaging chats. Apart from opening parents’ eyes to online risks, Sip the Tea offers a balanced view of the lives of our digital natives. Rachelle says, “There are so many benefits to teens being online. It’s wonderful to hear how they make lasting friendships and find acceptance and reassurance in the digital world. There’s so much to learn, so many opportunities to find and develop your passions and so many ways to grow as a responsible digital citizen. What’s important for parents is to become empowered and knowledgeable. We need to understand teen digital spaces better, we need to be clear about risks and threats, and we need to be proactive when it comes to helping our teens stay safer online.” You can find Sip the Tea on all major podcasting platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, and more, from 17th October 2023. Episode 1: Teens and tech – We explore the technology setups that tweens and teens have at home. We delve into the rules, controls, and guidance in place to ensure safe and balanced digital engagement. Episode 2: Social media and the apps they use – We lift the curtain on the online social worlds of today’s youth. From Snapchat and TikTok to Discord, we explore the apps they’re using and the experiences they’re having on these platforms. Episode 3:

October 16, 2023

WHAT ARE HORMONAL HEADACHES AND HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, delves into the world of hormonal headaches, exploring what sets them apart from other headache triggers, and outlines strategies to manage hormonal headaches effectively. “In our fast-paced, demanding world, headaches have become a common companion. But not all headaches are created equal. Some are triggered by stress or tension, others by dehydration or lack of sleep,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “However, a particular category of headaches are related to hormonal fluctuations, aptly termed hormonal headaches.” Defining Hormonal Headaches Hormonal headaches are triggered by changes in hormone levels, particularly estrogen and progesterone in women. Hormonal fluctuations occur naturally during different stages of a woman’s menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, postpartum, menopause, or when using hormonal contraceptives. It’s during these times that women may experience hormonal headaches. Types of Hormonal Headaches Menstrual Migraines These are migraines that often occur during a woman’s menstrual cycle. Typically, they happen in the days leading up to, during, or immediately after menstruation and coincide with a drop in estrogen levels. Menstrual migraines can be more severe and longer-lasting than other migraines, and they may not respond as well to over-the-counter medications. Pregnancy Headaches During pregnancy, women experience dramatic hormonal changes, which can lead to various types of headaches. Increased blood volume and circulation may trigger frequent tension-type headaches during the first trimester. Conversely, during the second and third trimesters, migraines often decrease due to stable hormone levels. Menopausal Headaches Menopause, a period characterised by significant hormonal changes as menstruation ceases, can trigger increased headaches or migraines. Fluctuating hormone levels notably see drops in estrogen, which can lead to these headaches. Signs and Symptoms of Hormonal Headaches Hormonal headaches can manifest in various ways. The symptoms can differ between individuals and depend on the type and stage of the hormonal cycle. However, Affinity Health highlights common signs and symptoms to watch out for: Head Pain: The pain is usually one-sided and throbbing, although it can sometimes be bilateral. It can be moderate to severe and may worsen with physical activity. Timing: The headache typically occurs in the days leading up to, during, or after menstruation. This timing can help distinguish hormonal headaches from other types. Duration: Hormonal headaches, particularly menstrual migraines, may last longer than regular migraines. They can persist for several hours to a few days. Associated Symptoms: Hormonal headaches can accompany nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Some women also experience an aura, which includes visual disturbances, like seeing flashing lights, zigzag lines, or even temporary loss of vision. Other Symptoms: During periods of hormonal fluctuation, women might also experience additional symptoms like bloating, breast tenderness, mood changes, and increased irritability. Understanding these symptoms can help in early detection and management of hormonal headaches. However, headaches can also be a sign of other severe conditions. If your headaches are severe, frequent, and accompanied by other worrying symptoms (such as sudden onset, changes in personality or behaviour, fever, stiff neck, vision changes), or if they are different from your usual pattern of headaches, it’s essential to seek immediate medical attention. Can Men Suffer from Hormonal Headaches? While it’s true that hormonal headaches are more common in women due to the cyclical nature of female hormones, men can also experience headaches related to hormonal changes, albeit less frequently. Testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, does influence headaches and migraines. For example, studies have shown that men who suffer from cluster headaches, an excruciating type of headache, may have their headache cycles aligned with seasonal changes in testosterone levels. Moreover, any condition or treatment resulting in significant hormonal changes in men can trigger headaches. For instance, men receiving hormone therapy for prostate cancer, which significantly reduces testosterone levels, often report headaches. “While the connection between hormones and headaches is less studied in men than in women, it’s clear that hormones can influence headache patterns in both genders. It’s always important for any person suffering from regular or severe headaches to seek medical advice, as proper diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve quality of life,” adds Hewlett. Identifying and Managing Hormonal Headaches Hormonal headaches are typically diagnosed based on their timing due to hormonal fluctuations. Tracking your headache patterns, menstrual cycles, or other hormonal changes can help establish a diagnosis. Management strategies for hormonal headaches often involve both lifestyle modifications and medical treatments. Exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, being hydrated, and getting enough sleep can all help minimise the frequency and intensity of hormone headaches. Medical treatments can include pain relievers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), triptans, and preventive medications. In some cases, hormonal therapies may be recommended to stabilise hormone levels and prevent hormonal headaches. Discussing these options with a healthcare provider to find a tailored treatment approach that works best for you is crucial. Empowerment through Understanding In conclusion, while common, hormonal headaches are a unique subtype of headaches that primarily affect women due to their link with hormonal fluctuations but can also affect men. Understanding the nature of hormonal headaches, their triggers, and effective management strategies can empower those affected to take control of their symptoms and improve their quality of life. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

October 13, 2023

PBL: A game-changer in overcoming math anxiety

Mathematics is a crucial subject that permeates our daily lives – from managing finances to solving complex problems in various fields, mathematics is everywhere. However, for many of us the thought of dealing with mathematical concepts can trigger feelings of dread and anxiety. This phenomenon is commonly known as math anxiety. Fortunately, one effective approach to alleviating math anxiety is through Project-Based Learning (PBL). Understanding Math Anxiety Math anxiety is more than just a dislike for math. It is a psychological phenomenon that can cause physical and emotional distress when faced with any math-related tasks – regardless of whether you’re a learner or an adult. Symptoms may include a racing heart, sweaty palms, avoidance behaviour and negative self-talk. Math anxiety can hinder one’s ability to learn and perform well in math-related subjects, leading to lower self-esteem and reduced confidence. But here is the really interesting thing, says Mr Lawrence Bete, Head of the Mathematics Department at Future Nation Schools, math anxiety does not only affect those who struggle with maths. High achievers can also suffer from it as they feel pressured to maintain high standards of academic excellence; struggle with perfectionism, over-thinking and competitiveness; as well as worry about how their maths grade might hinder their career aspirations. One effective way to help learners who struggle with maths anxiety improve their mathematical understanding and build their confidence is to teach them using a PBL approach, adds Mampho Langa, Head of Schools at Future nation Schools. This is because PBL, as a learner-centred teaching method, shifts the focus from traditional rote memorisation and repetitive problem-solving to a more engaging and interactive learning experience where learners explore complex topics, solve real-world problems and apply critical thinking skills in a way that is active, collaborative and hands-on. Six ways PBL helps overcoming math anxiety Real-world relevance: PBL introduces maths in a real-world context. This helps learners see the practical applications of the concepts they are learning (no more wondering “when will I ever use this in real-life”) and can make maths feel less abstract and more meaningful. In doing so, PBL reduces the anxiety associated with maths’ perceived complexity. Multidisciplinary learning: PBL integrates multiple subjects, demonstrating that mathematics is not isolated but interconnected with other fields. This interdisciplinary approach can make maths feel more approachable and less intimidating. Active engagement: PBL actively engages learners in the learning process. Instead of passively receiving information, learners take ownership of their learning by identifying problems, formulating questions and seeking solutions. This shift from passive to active learning can help reduce anxiety by promoting a sense of control as well as reshaping attitudes toward maths. Collaboration: PBL fosters collaboration and peer support. Learners are encouraged to work together to solve math-related challenges, share their ideas and learn from one another’s strengths. Collaborative learning can reduce feelings of isolation and fear associated with math. Flexibility and creativity: PBL encourages creativity and allows learners to approach problems in their unique ways. This flexibility reduces the pressure to conform to a single “correct” method and helps learners build confidence in their problem-solving abilities. Progress monitoring: PBL involves ongoing assessment and feedback, allowing learners to track their progress in real-time versus tracking progress only through assessments and exams. This continuous feedback loop helps learners identify areas where they need improvement and celebrate their successes and mitigates anxiety stemming from uncertainty about their abilities. Math anxiety can be a significant barrier to learning and success in mathematics-related subjects. However, utilising PBL can turn maths from a subject that learners approach with fear and apprehension to one that they view as an exciting journey of exploration and discovery that has relevance to their daily lives. For more about how PBL is unlocking the future of mathematics education at Future Nation Schools, watch our recent FutureTalk Webinar.

October 13, 2023

Sensory Smart Teenagers

The onset of adolescence is a very challenging time for both teens and their parents. It is a time that is marked with rapid changes, and it is also when many expectations are placed onto teenagers – academic and sporting responsibilities, social pressures, the development of self identity and emerging freedoms. With increased independence come increased responsibility and the pressure to fit into social groups. The teenage brain is still growing, and it is different to the brain of an adult. Nancy Mucklow, in her book The Sensory Team Handbook, explains how the pre-frontal cortex of a teenager is still developing higher functions of impulse inhibition, emotional regulation, decision-making, attending, and behavior planning and organisation. The cerebellum, responsible for muscle coordination, is also still changing, as is the Corpus Collosum, a thick cable of nerves that connects the two halves of the brain. Due to this ongoing development happening in the teenage brain, skills such as creativity and problem-solving are not yet what it will be once the brain is fully developed. The brain is an amazing thing and it is teaching itself at all times. Teens need to explore, try things out, look at positives and negatives, and make their own decisions. In addition to all the challenges they face, teenagers also need to be aware of the impact of the environment on their sensory systems. They need to understand how their sensory systems work and why it matters in their day-to-day functioning. Not understanding the effect of sensory overload and responses to sensory overload may result in one or more of the following: Inability to focus Easily irritable Disorganisation Lethargy Impulsivity Risk taking Forgetfulness Adopting bad habits First defined by Patricia Wilbarger, a sensory diet is a carefully planned and personal activity plan that provides the sensory input a person needs to stay focussed and organised throughout the day. Just as you may jiggle your knee or chew gum to stay awake or soak in a hot tub to unwind, teens need to participate in stabilising, focussing activities too. Everyone can benefit from a personalised sensory diet. Each person has their own thresholds to sensory input, but they may not have the insight on how to cope with an overloaded and stressed sensory system. Teens need to determine their own unique sensory needs and preferences to promote body and brain function. Creating a sensory diet for teens will help them to develop healthy habits of self regulation that will help them function optimally as adults. Benefits of creating sensory diets for adolescents include: Increased self-awareness Improved ability to self nurture Increased resilience Increased self-esteem and body image Improved ability to engage in meaningful life roles Improved ability to engage in social activities Improved ability to cope with triggers and stress Improved ability to make informed decisions Engage your teen in identifying the events and occasions that make him or her feel overwhelmed, irritable and lethargic. Parents, teens and teachers can each keep a journal recording what they have seen and how the teen dealt with the situation. Think of the times at home, school and socially where experiences were negative and what the possible triggers could have been. Also note the activities that help with calming and regulation, and that lead to the teen feeling better. The activities or things that lead to regulation are what the teen will place in his or her sensory toolbox or sensory kit. A sensory toolbox or kit is a bag, box or container that holds a variety of sensory tools that can be used to both calm or stimulate a person’s sensory system. A sensory kit is unique to each person as each one is unique in their sensory needs. Trial and error will result in finding the right tools for each person. Sensory diets and toolboxes should include and involve all the senses, and the teen should be encouraged to make use of regular sensory breaks to stay regulated. A sensory break is another way of taking a regular old break from seated activities or sedentary activities. It is a time used to gain the needed sensory input in our bodies to stay alert, on task, and focussed. Sensory breaks for teens should take place at least every 45 minutes. For the thrill-seeking teenager encourage fun, but safe activities such as rock wall climbing, horse riding, running, and martial arts. These activities add intensity to the sensory diet without putting the teen in danger. Sensory tools in all the sensory systems can be used as alerting, calming and organising strategies. Alerting strategies and activities: Alerting activities are used for those who look for sensory input or who are unaware of the sensory experiences in their environment. Sensory seekers often need to be bombarded with sensory input in order to register what is happening around them or to stay alert. Fidget toys – Play with “fidget toy” for hands, such as small stress ball Crunchy, spicy, sour and salty foods – Pretzels, carrots, apples, granola, and other crunchy foods Fast and irregular movements – Spinning on a swing or other equipment (can quickly become over-stimulating – use caution!) Lively music – Dancing to rock, jazz, rap, or fast kids music A brightly lit room (full spectrum or natural light) Rocking quickly in a rocking chair Running, skipping, galloping for at least 1-2 minutes (any type of aerobic exercise, really) Jumping in place (trampoline, jumping jacks, jumping rope, etc.) Motor breaks during school – stand and stretch, run an errand for teacher, walk to bathroom, etc. Push on wall as if to move wall Do “chair push-up” in sitting by lifting bottom off floor or chair, holding self up with arms Carrying a stack of books, laundry, groceries, or something else approx. 5% of body weight Drinking grapefruit, cranberry or other tart juice – try partially freezing it Drinking through a long, thin straw, or reg. straw w/thick liquids (stimulates deeper breathing) Cold shower or cold water on face or arms

October 12, 2023

Digital eye strain at work? Here’s how to help those tired eyes

Thursday 12 October is World Sight Day and, this year, the focus (pun intended) is on eye care at work. In this day and age, digital eye strain is arguably the greatest contributor to eye health issues at work. With the average office worker spending seven hours a day in front of a screen, it’s not surprising that at least half of computer users experience it. Symptoms include blurred vision, headaches, red or scratchy eyes, dry eyes and increased sensitivity to light. You may not be able to change the amount of time you’re in front of a computer, or the factors that can cause eye strain, but Wesley Language, Head of Optometry at Spec-Savers, shares some steps you can take to reduce it. Rest your eyes Look away from your computer screen regularly and focus on distant objects, as this relaxes the focusing muscle inside the eye, which in turn reduces eye fatigue. It’s advisable to keep the 20/20/20 rule in mind: every 20 minutes look away from your screens at something that is 20 feet (6 metres) away from you for 20 seconds. This allows your eyes to relax and can alleviate symptoms. Use adequate lighting and reduce glare Glare reflected from light-coloured walls and shiny surfaces, as well as reflections on your computer screen, can cause eye strain. Some ways to reduce this include: Attach an anti-glare screen to your monitor, especially if there’s a window behind you. Reduce the external light by covering windows with curtains or blinds, reduce the lighting in your room and avoid sitting under big overhead fluorescent lights. If you’re a specs wearer, use lenses with an anti-reflective coating to reduce glare. Adjust your monitor’s display settings Make sure the brightness matches the surroundings (bright room, bright screen) and adjust the text size and contrast so that it is comfortable to read. Black print on a white background is the best combination for comfort. If you’re on a screen at night, adjust the monitor’s colour temperature to reduce the blue colours on your screen. Blue light is short-wavelength visible light, and there is evidence that this may be associated with certain eye conditions. Modify your workstation The way you sit at your desk and arrange your equipment can affect your vision. Place documents on a copy stand next to the screen so you don’t need to keep looking down at a piece of paper and then up at your monitor. Make sure your workstation and chair are at the correct height. Improper posture while working on your computer can also add strain. Your computer screen should be 50 to 60 centimetres from your eyes and the centre of the screen should be 10 to 15 degrees below your eye line. Your chair should be set up so that your thighs are parallel to the floor and your back is slightly reclined Enlist the help of customised blue light computer glasses These special-purpose glasses are prescribed specifically to reduce blue light exposure and differ from regular eyeglasses or reading glasses in various ways. The usual positioning of a computer screen means that it’s within your intermediate zone of vision, which is closer than driving (distance) vision, but farther than reading – or near – vision. Generally, computer glasses have about 60% of the magnifying power of reading glasses to enable optimal magnification in this intermediate zone. Computer glasses should accurately correct any astigmatism you might have, and precise measurements should be taken to ensure the optical centre of each lens is directly in front of your pupils when you are using your preferred working distance. For these reasons, computer glasses should be customised to your individual needs. Using weaker, non-prescription reading glasses for computer use typically won’t provide the accurate vision correction you need for sustained clarity and comfort while at your computer. The very best thing you can do, though, is to have a comprehensive eye exam this World Sight Day to rule out any vision problems you may have. When you have your test, let the optometrist know you use computers regularly and how long you use them for. And while you’re there, please spread the love by pledging your eye exam, using #LoveYourEyes to post on social media.

October 12, 2023

BUILDING READING SKILLS AT HOME

Reading is an important activity that everyone can be involved in. Not only does it help to expand knowledge, but it can also be a ton of fun! If your child has no interest in reading, there are a variety of ways to help them start building reading skills at home. It may be a challenge to encourage reading with reluctant readers or even ones who are frustrated by reading. We put together a list of tactics that can help build reading skills and inspire children to find enjoyment in doing so. Here are some ways to build reading skills at home: 1. Offer Different Reading Options Be sure to provide your children with a variety of reading options. They may be more inspired to read books about certain topics or genres, as well as books of varying lengths. Having a few to choose from will give them the opportunity to explore their interests and find something they enjoy. 2. Set Aside Time to Read Setting time aside to read is great for anyone, any age! Show your children that it’s important to make time to read for fun by doing so yourself. Seeing you read will help to encourage their own reading and can even become a part of your family routine. 3. Read Aloud Reading aloud can be fun for the reader and the listener. Take turns reading aloud by using different voices and reading in an interesting way. While it may seem silly at first, this can help build excitement and curiosity for the story. It can even make the reading experience more fun and inspire them to read more on their own to get better at their story telling! 4. Use dictionaries (traditional or online) and flashcards If your child is coming across words that are unfamiliar try looking up these words in a traditional dictionary or online to discover the meaning. Online dictionaries usually have the added feature of being able to play a soundbite to hear the correct pronunciation. Your child could then write the definitions onto flashcards to help them remember the meaning. Knowing the meaning and pronunciation will help them read more fluently as they build their vocabulary and spelling skills. (An added benefit of using a traditional dictionary is learning about alphabetical order and how to find words in this way.) 5. Define Reading Goals Whether it’s learning 5 new words, reading a chapter book, or even reading 10 books over a period of time, there are tons of ways you can set your reading goals. Talk with your child about different goals they may have and help them set these. Depending on their age, you could use a star chart or some similar tracking system to recognise and reward achievement. 6. Participate in Reading Challenges or Activities There are a variety of reading challenges available online (for example: https://growingbookbybook.com/reading-challenges-for-kids/). Many of these challenges can be done at home and even incorporated into reading goals. It’s fun for children to have something to follow along with and be encouraged to read. You can also do different activities such as acting out scenes of the book or having them draw their favourite scene to encourage them to think through the story in a new perspective. 7. Ask Questions About the Book It’s beneficial to have discussions about the book before, during and after reading the book. This helps them get interested in the story before reading it and then keeps them engaged as they read the story. After the story concludes, it’s interesting for them to see what they learned or what they found most interesting from the book. Asking questions will keep engagement up and also get them thinking more analytically about what they read. 8. Join a Supplemental Reading Programme Another way to build reading skills is to join a reading programme that is individualized for your child. A programme that considers your child’s comfortable starting point while continuously building their reading and writing skills. The Kumon English Programme does just that and can be incorporated into your daily reading routine. There are also tons of Recommended Reading List options to take away the guesswork of books that accommodate your child’s skills best. The Takeaway – Have Fun! Most importantly, building reading skills at home can be a lot of fun! As your children begin to explore new books, learn new words, and strengthen their skills, they will develop more confidence and be inspired to read independently. The confidence they build from regular reading practice will help your child develop a lifelong love of reading! This article is taken directly from the KUMON NORTH AMERICA website: https://www.kumon.com/resources/building-reading-skills-at-home/

October 12, 2023

The power of play-based learning in preschool

For many parents, play seems frivolous. However, there’s a method in the madness – in it lies the freedom to think, express, interact, and explore As adults, we forget what it’s like to lose ourselves in play. Yet, from an early age, it’s a critical part in how we develop into well-rounded people. Several studies show why play is important in animals and humans alike. A study involving young rats found that play triggered lasting changes in parts of the brain used for thinking and processing social interactions, while adults who play are more productive at work, cope better with stress, and can find original solutions to problems. We need play at any age, but it’s hugely consequential in early childhood development (ECD). A preschooler messing around in a sandpit, fumbling with building blocks, or scribbling on a blank piece of paper doesn’t appear to be learning anything – but look closer. See them digging, then using a spade to transfer the sand into a bucket. Look at them carefully creating a mini-city on the carpet. Watch their little wrist and fingers intently clutching a crayon, making swirling, repetitive circles. “There’s a method in the madness,” says Janet Beyrooti, Preschool Curriculum Manager at independent education provider Curro Holdings. “A child playing in a sandpit with a bucket and a spade, putting the sand in with precision and speed, doesn’t start like that – there’s more sand out of the sandpit than in it. However, children who master something as ‘simple’ and playful as putting sand in a bucket, master hand-eye co-ordination. They can look up at the whiteboard in primary school, quickly look down and copy what they see, and write at speed.” A 2019 academic paper entitled Toward a South African Pedagogy of Play talks about the “paradox of play”: how it’s messy and chaotic, yet a school is a place of rules and order; how play can feel timeless yet schools run on timetables. To address these contradictions, the authors argue that an intentional approach to play – that leverages its power – is needed. With this in mind, Curro takes a play-based, child-initiated learning approach in their enriched preschool curriculum, where young children are allowed to play freely indoors and out, and where they can learn through doing, at their level, in a safe environment. Through child-initiated learning, Curro’s ECD practitioners guide children through skills development, but the children take the lead, and everything happens through play. “You and I have life experience,” explains Beyrooti. “We may want to tell a child not to mix all the paint colours because it’ll make a brown picture – that’s adult-initiated. The child needs to experience what happens if they mix everything. Or, if you tell them they’re building something too high it’ll fall, those are just words. We need children to experience these skills, through play, and that’s what we’ve created as a school.” According to Beyrooti, a young child thinks creatively first because they don’t yet have enough verbal skills. If they don’t have the freedom to do this, there can be delays when entering primary school. This creative thinking is fostered through play: the child stacking building blocks is practising planning where the date should go in an exercise book, and the child making big, circular scribbles is learning how to write by building an automatic response to go ‘over the top’. They can’t form letters yet, but, says Beyrooti, letter formation is an ‘over the top’ movement with the wrist and fingers. Every alphabet letter, even if it’s not a circle, begins as a circular movement at the top, anticlockwise – and it all starts with a scribble, she emphasises. “By the time a child reaches primary school, you can see who has played enough,” says Beyrooti. “Those exposed to play-based learning are the children who can now put their creative thinking into words, they’re physically agile with well-toned muscles and tendons, they have seamless hand-eye co-ordination, and soft skills like communication and problem-solving already have a strong foundation. Research also supports the idea that children with well-developed soft skills tend to excel professionally. This is possible because they’ve been given the freedom to think, express, interact, and explore from the very start – all through play,” she concluded.

October 11, 2023

CHANGING SCHOOLS: WHEN TO START LOOKING AT OTHER OPTIONS

Much like starting a job and staying with the company until retirement age is a thing of the past, so too is the idea that one must attend only one primary school and one high school during the entirety of one’s schooling journey, no matter what. Yes, it is the ideal and stability and the ability to form and build lasting friendships during one’s schooling journey is important. However, the reality is that the need for some children to change schools during their primary school and high school years is becoming more and more common place. Parents change schools for a myriad of reasons, including: Emigration and semigration, Convenience (closer to parent’s new job or on a transport route), Quality of education, Class sizes, School environment (sense of safety, issues of bullying) and A child’s request for a change. What is important to note is that changing schools is a big decision and one not to be taken lightly. It is important that parents carefully consider and evaluate reasons for wanting to change schools before doing so. Reasons that are unwise and often lead to disappointment and ANOTHER move include: Blaming the teacher if your child performed poorly in an assessment, Not getting your way when wanting to change your child’s teacher or class, A disagreement with your child’s teacher, The school not offering the subject choices in a way that your child prefers, Your child not getting into the first team of his or her sporting discipline and Your child being “in the wrong crowd”. In such cases, rational communication is key. A useful tip is to focus on facts and try to eliminate emotions from the equation. Where applicable, meet with your child’s teacher to discuss your concerns and receive feedback from the teacher. See the teacher as your partner and know that he/she wants your child to succeed. Consider your reasons for wanting to change classes. Is it because your child wants to be in a friend’s class? Is it because this teacher seems strict and places high academic demands on students? Is it because you feel the teacher is useless and a different teacher will teach your child better? Once again, meet with the teacher to discuss your child’s progress. If you are still concerned about the standard of teaching, discuss this with the person’s line manager. Most good schools will investigate allegations of poor teaching practice and will be able to provide parents with feedback and, where need be, take steps if the allegations prove to be true. When it comes to subject choices, these are carefully considered by high schools, bearing in mind what is required for tertiary studies for the various faculties and courses. Even at tertiary level, students will have to take subjects they do not necessarily want to, and they will not get to mix and match as they like. Moving a child because you are concerned about their friendship choices is also not a good idea. Likeminded people seek each other out and your child will find the same “crowd” within minutes of starting at a new school. There are however good and valid reasons for wanting to change schools, including: The school not dealing with issues of bullying and turning a blind eye to discipline issues, Your child feeling unsafe at school, Unapproachable teachers, Little to no communication regarding your child’s poor performance in assessments, including the surprise factor when reports are issued, Non-alignment with the school’s values and policies and Lack of academic focus. If you realise a school is not the right fit for your child and family, it is best to make the change to a new school as soon as possible. At Abbotts College, we enrol students all year round. Support your child to catch up on work they did not cover at the previous school. When finding a new school for your child, you must ensure you do your homework. Visit prospective schools’ websites, arrange a tour of the schools you are interested in and arrive armed with questions to ensure that you make the right choice and that there will be no need for another move. And finally, do not remove your child from their current school until they have been accepted at another school. You do not want to be in a position where you cannot secure a space for your child at a school.

October 11, 2023

Navigating Third Term Turmoil: A Guide for Parents

In my almost two decades as an educational professional, I have witnessed a recurring pattern that I’ve come to call “Third Term Turmoil.” This phenomenon typically occurs in the August/September period, where teenage disciplinary issues tend to peak. I’ve developed a theory to explain this pattern, which centers around seasonal changes and academic pressures. As spring arrives and summer break approaches, students become restless and eager for leisure, leading to decreased motivation for academic work and a surge in the desire for recreational activities. Academically, the third term is when teachers finalise their curriculum and prepare for year-end examinations and assessments. The mounting pressure for students to excel can contribute to heightened stress and anxiety, often manifesting as behavioural issues in the classroom. Moreover, after months of intense academic and extracurricular activities, both students and teachers may experience fatigue, and plummeting levels of patience and tolerance, which can lead to further discipline problems. Changes in the daily routine, such as field trips and special events, also disrupt the classroom structure and exacerbate discipline issues. While these observations are based on my experience, they reflect a common reality in many schools. Teachers often find themselves struggling to keep students motivated, manage incomplete work, and handle disruptive behavior. The key question we must then address is how to prevent burnout, lack of motivation, and the resulting disciplinary challenges. To assist parents in navigating this challenging period and ensuring a smoother end to the school year, I offer several pointers for discussion with their children: Goal Setting: Encourage your child to set clear academic and personal goals for the remaining school year. Concrete objectives can help maintain motivation. Time Management: Teach your child effective time management skills to balance academic work, extracurricular activities, and leisure time. Open Communication: Create an open and supportive environment where your child feels comfortable discussing challenges or concerns they may be facing at school. Stress Management: Equip your child with stress-management techniques, such as mindfulness exercises or relaxation strategies, to cope with academic pressures. Healthy Lifestyle: Promote a balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep, as these factors play a crucial role in maintaining physical and mental well-being. Reward System: Implement a reward system for accomplishing academic milestones or completing assignments promptly. This can provide motivation and a sense of accomplishment. Seek Support: If discipline issues persist or escalate, consider involving teachers, school counselors, or other professionals who can provide guidance and support. Parents play a pivotal role in fostering positive behaviour, respect for teachers, and discouraging substance use among their children. Here are additional pointers for parents to guide their children on how to behave at school and cope with stress: Respect for Teachers and Peers: Teach your child the importance of showing respect to their teachers and classmates. This includes active listening, politeness, and courtesy. Responsibility for Their Actions: Encourage your child to take responsibility for their behavior at school, understanding that actions have consequences. Conflict Resolution Skills: Equip your child with effective conflict resolution skills and teach them to communicate concerns or disagreements respectfully. Anti-Bullying Awareness: Discuss the significance of standing up against bullying and supporting classmates who may be victims. Teach your child to make independent, informed choices and develop assertiveness skills. Healthy Coping Mechanisms: Encourage stress relief through sports, art, or music while discouraging substance use. Drug and Alcohol Education: Have honest conversations about the risks associated with substance use, providing accurate information. Lead by Example: Be a role model by demonstrating respectful behaviour, healthy coping strategies, and responsible decision-making. Monitor Online Activity: Keep an eye on your child’s online activities to ensure they are not exposed to harmful influences. Maintain regular conversations with your child about their school experiences and emotional well-being. By incorporating these pointers into your parenting approach, you can guide your child toward responsible behaviour, respect for teachers and peers, and a healthy approach to managing stress. Open communication and a supportive environment are key elements in promoting positive behaviours and well-rounded development. By Marion Kohler – Abbotts College JHB South

October 10, 2023

Understanding Irlen Syndrome

In 2017, I attended a course on Irlen Syndrome. During this course, I came to realize that I might also be dealing with Irlen Syndrome. This perceptual processing disorder profoundly influences how individuals process and interpret visual information, primarily affecting their ability to understand visual stimuli. People with Irlen Syndrome often experience visual discomfort and distortion, particularly when engaging in activities such as reading or working with text. Common Symptoms Include: Diagnosis If you suspect that your child may have Irlen Syndrome, it is crucial to consult a professional for a proper evaluation. An Irlen Syndrome assessment involves a series of specialized tests conducted by a trained practitioner. These tests aim to identify specific visual stress patterns and their impact on reading and daily activities. Interventions and Support Once diagnosed, there are various strategies and interventions that can help children with Irlen Syndrome: Irlen Syndrome can significantly impact a child’s ability to read and learn comfortably. However, with early recognition and appropriate interventions, children with Irlen Syndrome can overcome these challenges and thrive academically and socially. If you would like to learn more about Irlen Syndrome or suspect that your child might have it, please feel free to contact Glenoaks School, and they will connect you with the appropriate person for further assistance. “I am an open book, I am just difficult to read.” Written by Sharleen Oberholzer – Remedial Teacher Glenoaks School

October 10, 2023

Understanding Your Breastfeeding Rights in the Workplace

As a new Mother, nothing will be more important to you than the well-being of your newborn infant, as your instinct ignites the powerful force of motherhood within you to protect and nurture your baby. A newborn requires exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of its life for optimal growth and development and continued breastfeeding, combined with solid foods, for two years or longer. Working mothers returning to jobs and careers following their maternity leave period will face the challenges of juggling work and home responsibilities. Unfortunately, according to a 2021 survey, the number one reason why new mothers stop breastfeeding their newborn infants is due to having to return to work. While South Africa has legal rights in place for breastfeeding mothers in the workplace, there are challenges new mothers may face in trying to exercise these rights. According to a survey done in 2021 by the South African Breastfeeding Association, only 20% of companies have dedicated breastfeeding rooms in the workplace. According to South Africa’s Basic Conditions of Employment Act, the legal rights of breastfeeding Mothers in the workplace in South Africa are: Breastfeeding mothers are legally entitled to two 30-minute breaks per day for breastfeeding or expressing milk if their infants are younger than 6 months. Breastfeeding breaks are paid time. Employers should provide a clean and private area for breastfeeding or expressing milk, as well as a facility for storing the milk. Breastfeeding mothers should not be discriminated against or harassed for choosing to breastfeed or express milk at work. However, the challenges that breastfeeding mothers may face in trying to exercise these rights are: The Code of Good Practice does not specify whether the breastfeeding breaks are in addition to or part of the normal breaks, such as lunch or tea breaks. The Code of Good Practice does not require employers to give breastfeeding mothers a suitable space for expressing or storing their milk, nor does it specify the minimum standards for such a space. The Code does not impose any penalties for employers who fail to comply with its provisions, nor does it provide any remedies for breastfeeding mothers who are denied their rights. According to BioMedCentral, the survey conducted in March 2021 involved 1000 working mothers across South Africa who had given birth in the past two years. It found that only 20% of companies have dedicated breastfeeding rooms for working mothers, and 40% of mothers had to use public spaces such as toilets, storerooms, or their cars to breastfeed or express milk. The survey also revealed that 60% of mothers felt unsupported by their employers and colleagues when it came to breastfeeding, and that 30% of mothers had stopped breastfeeding before six months due to work-related challenges, highlighting the need for more awareness and action from employers, policymakers, and society to create a more enabling environment for breastfeeding mothers in the workplace. Some employers may be unaware of or unwilling to accommodate the needs of breastfeeding mothers and may create a hostile or unsupportive work environment for them: “My employer did not provide any space for me to pump, so I had to use the bathroom. It was dirty, noisy, and uncomfortable. I felt like I had no privacy or dignity. I often got mastitis and low milk supply. I hated every minute of it,” says Maria, who is a cashier. Some co-workers may be ignorant or insensitive to the benefits and challenges of breastfeeding and may make negative comments or jokes about it. Luckily this was not the case for Fatima, a machine operator in a factory where there are mostly men. “They were very sympathetic to my breastfeeding. They helped me find a quiet corner where I could pump, and they covered for me when I took breaks. They never made any jokes or remarks. They treated me like a normal coworker.” Certain breastfeeding mothers may feel embarrassed or uncomfortable about breastfeeding or expressing milk at work and may face social stigma or pressure from their workplace, families or communities. Ashley, a nurse, had to quit her job because her employer refused to accommodate her breastfeeding needs. “They said it was too disruptive and costly. They threatened to fire me if I kept asking for breaks and space. I felt discriminated against and harassed. I wish I had more legal protection.” Marketing manager Jessica had a more understanding employer. “I was lucky enough to have a supportive boss who let me use his office to pump whenever I needed. He also made sure that no one disturbed me or made any rude comments. He even bought me a mini fridge to store my milk in. I felt valued and respected as a working mother.” At Vital Baby we care about parenting and bring you tips on how to navigate your work-life balance and make breastfeeding work for you so you can give your child the best start in life, wherever you may find yourself. It is important to: – Know your rights. Be prepared to negotiate with your employer for more flexible work arrangements, such as flexible hours, part-time work or extended maternity leave. Plan ahead. Before you return to work, discuss your needs with your employer and colleagues about your breastfeeding needs. Discuss a suitable space for breastfeeding or expressing milk at work. If it is impossible, express extra milk and store it in the freezer so your baby can still benefit. Electric and manual breast pumps are small and non-disruptive. The Vital Baby Flexcone Electric Breast Pump Gift Set R2199.99 makes the perfect maternity gift set from the office and includes everything a new mother needs to maintain breastfeeding; it includes the Vital Baby electric breast pump, a breast like feeding bottle, slow flow teat, silicone breast cup, a manual conversion kit so it works during load shedding, bottle stand, charge cable and plug adapter, six ultra comfort breast pads, 30 easy-pour breastmilk storage bags and 2 protect and care silicone nipple shields. The Vital Baby Manual Breast Pump Gift

October 10, 2023

POKEMON SUN & MOON- Ash in Aloha

What starts as a summer vacation in the tropical Alola region becomes the next exciting chapter in Ash Ketchum’s quest to become a Pokémon Master! There’s plenty for Ash and Pikachu to explore, exciting new Pokémon to discover and interesting people to learn from along the way—including the cool Professor Kukui and the fun-loving Samson Oak. More new faces will help guide Ash’s Alolan adventure, in skilled Trainers Kiawe, Lana, Mallow, and Sophocles—and a mysterious research assistant called Lillie. It’s not all set to go Ash Ketchum’s way, though – familiar foes, Team Rocket, have also made their way to Alola and are joined by new challenges, Team Skull. Premiere: Monday, 9 October @ 17:30 CAT ⏰ Tune in: Mondays – Fridays @ 17:30 CAT Also available on DStv Catch Up

October 9, 2023

LU & THE BALLY BUNCH – Ladybird Lu

Lu is a ladybird who has started school at Ms Shella’s Shell School with her new friends in the village of Ballybug. Lu and her ‘Bally Bunch’ of five insect classmates learn how to laugh, play, and navigate their new social lives together at school, dealing with the ups and downs of getting along and sharing a new space with other children and learning about one of life’s most important skills – how to be a friend. Inspired by creator Nicky Phelan’s memories of helping his mum in her own preschool, there’s nothing as funny as seeing a bunch of three-year-olds fail to navigate each other and nothing as heart-warming as seeing them learn to get along. Premiere: Monday, 9 October @ 17:40 CAT ⏰ Tune in: Mondays – Fridays @ 17:40 CAT Also available on DStv Catch Up

October 9, 2023

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