Advice Column - Parenting Hub

Leading Expert Advice from Curro Online

Advice from the experts

Three Ways to Empower Students in their Tertiary Application Quest

As the academic year concludes, Grade 12s nationwide are on the brink of making life-altering decisions about their future paths. The multitude of careers, tertiary qualifications and higher education institution options can induce overwhelming stress, emphasising the need for collaborative decision-making. In this crucial journey of tertiary applications, the guidance of parents, counsellors, and peers becomes pivotal to ensuring school leavers are making informed and confident choices. According to the data provided by The South African Institute for Advancement (2021), South African universities are only able to accommodate 18% of matriculated students and out of that amount, a staggering 47% will drop out during their studies. Parents and advisors, therefore, play a huge role in supporting learners so that they not only get accepted but also fully complete their studies. The Earlier the Better The first hurdle learners often face is the delay in initiating the application process. As Atelisha Harilal, Head of Marketing and Student Recruitment at STADIO explains, waiting until after exam results are released may lead to missed opportunities as limited positions in high-demand programmes are quickly filled. “The administrative complexity of the application process, coupled with the scarcity of positions in public higher education institutions in South Africa, underscores the importance of early planning,” she warns. Parents play a pivotal role here, in guiding learners from an early stage. Harilal advises starting discussions around subject choices as early as grade 10. “Conversations about interests, skills, and future goals set the foundation for informed decisions. However, it is crucial that these discussions are honest and non-pressured as this will ensure learners enter Grade 11 with a well-defined plan and a variety of options,” she says. Learners are advised to do thorough research on institutions such as STADIO which have a transparent application process and eliminate the confusion often found at other institutions. Avoid Peer Influence and Misconceptions Peers can also significantly impact application decisions, with learners’ choices often swayed based on which institutions their friends have chosen. However, this should never be the primary factor influencing decisions. “It is important that learners and their parents understand the selection process as academic success alone usually does not guarantee acceptance. Parents need to educate themselves on various selection criteria, including specific subject requirements,” advises Harilal. Those students who have not applied, or who have not been accepted to their first choice should not lose hope either. Harilal explains that public universities are not the be-all and end-all of tertiary studies and with the right parental support, these students too can find the right path for them. Parents are encouraged to actively embark on their children’s academic journeys, at every stage, and encourage that all is not lost.Explore the institution’s website and help them consult with student advisors to help lead to positive, well-thought-out decisions, crucial for success in the life-shaping process of tertiary education choices. While involved parents are invaluable, Harilal again emphasises the importance of allowing pupils to find their own voices, as opposed to the voices of their parents or their peers, to ensure a higher chance of success. Build a Supportive Community Harilal believes in the proverbial ‘it takes a village’ approach. Encouraging knowledge sharing within communities empowers parents and learners to have critical conversations about career choices. Seeking advice from institutions offering free career guidance, attending open days, and interacting with academic teams are essential steps in making well-informed decisions. “Seeking guidance from a student advisor can really help navigate the complex terrain of career choices. Student advisors possess up-to-date information about various industries, emerging trends, and the educational requirements for different careers. Their insights empower students to align their interests, skills, and goals with suitable academic and vocational options, ensuring a more targeted and successful career trajectory,” explains Harilal. By encouraging knowledge sharing within communities, student advisors contribute to a supportive environment where parents can engage in critical conversations with their children, fostering a collaborative approach to educational and career planning. This collaborative effort ultimately enhances the likelihood of pupils making better-informed decisions that align with their aspirations and the demands of the ever-evolving job market. As Benjamin Franklin famously said, ’By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail’. A more proactive support network prepares learners to make well-informed decisions that both resonate with their aspirations and align with the fast-evolving job market demands. Offering a helping hand now also strengthens the foundations of their educational journey and reduces the risk of them dropping out of tertiary later.

February 6, 2024

THOMAS & FRIENDS Full Steam Ahead

In Thomas & Friends: All Engines Go! Thomas and his loc-amigos embrace surprises and discover more about each other as they get into new shenanigans on the Island of Sodor. When Thomas and Percy must transport an allegedly unlucky boxcar of bananas, Thomas seems to have bad luck wherever he goes. Harold the Helicopter’s dream to see the Northern Lights goes awry when the overly excited engines race and ignore warnings to stay away from the Sodor Suspension Bridge. When Percy’s accidentally doused in blue paint, he pretends to be Thomas for a day – and learns how much courage he has, too! Premiere: Monday, 5 February @ 07:00 CAT ⏰ Tune in: Mondays – Fridays @ 07:00 CAT Also available on DStv Catch Up

February 5, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week five of your pregnancy

Week five of your pregnancy is the week that many women find out that they are pregnant. You’ll notice the skipped period and your pregnancy test will come out positive, you’ll also start to notice some pregnancy symptoms if you hadn’t already. Your body at 5 weeks pregnant This week you’ll notice pregnancy symptoms, and this is just the beginning of a huge number of changes you’ll feel taking place in your body. At this point your pregnancy hormones will probably be affecting you, making you feel nauseous, your breasts tender. You could also be experiencing spotting and cramping, as well as frequent urination and cravings. The pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), is responsible for many of these changes, and this hormone is why your test shows up positive. Not only will your body physically change, but you’ll probably be dealing with mental changes as well. No only can your changing hormones cause your moods to fluctuate, but finding out you’re pregnant can also be an emotional experience. Remember any emotions are valid, even if you’re feeling overwhelmed and confused, as opposed to excited. If you’re struggling it’s important to reach out to those around you or seek professional help. Your baby at 5 weeks pregnant Your baby is now roughly the size of orange or apple seed and her tiny face is already starting to form, even though she looks more like a tadpole than a human. During this time your baby’s neural tube is developing – this will become their spine and brain – which is why folic acid is so important at this point. Folic acid taken daily reduces the risk of spinal tube defects. By 5 weeks your little one’s heart will have also started beating. If your pregnancy is healthy, you won’t be having an ultrasound before 8 or 9 weeks of pregnancy, so it’ll be a few more weeks before you get to see your baby.

February 5, 2024

CRAIG OF THE CREEK Seeking in the Creek

Craig, JP and Kelsey are still enjoying their adventures at the creek, but they soon realise that something is amiss. A mysterious villain is causing trouble and disrupting their search for the Heart of the Forest. The trio must work together to unmask the culprit and put a stop to their mischievous ways. Meanwhile, Maya makes her triumphant return to the world of sports, inspiring others with her passion and determination. With her help, Craig, JP, and Kelsey embark on a thrilling journey to find the Heart of the Forest, encountering all sorts of challenges and obstacles along the way. Will they be able to overcome these challenges and reach their goal? Tune in to Cartoon Network to find out! Premiere: Monday, 5 February @ 15:15 CAT ⏰ Tune in: Mondays – Fridays @ 15:15 CAT Also available on DStv Catch Up

February 5, 2024

Smile-Ready for School: Oral Health for Back-to-School Success

The start of a school year is always a nerve-wracking and exciting time for both kids and parents – whether your child is off to daycare or big kid school. Parents always want to make sure they set up their children for success and to show up as the best versions of themselves, and while this includes making sure your little one is fully kitted with the required uniform, stationery and lunchbox – sending your child back to school with a healthy and confident smile is also a vital part of that checklist. As you get ready to entrench your family into the school routine – making sure oral health is prioritised will be essential to ensuring they have a successful school year. As our little one’s teeth are developing, taking care of them is critical not only for preventing things like decay and gum disease, amongst other things, but healthy teeth and gums also contribute to overall well-being. Plaque buildup eventually leads to cavities, gingivitis or severe gum disease that puts teeth and gums at risk – and even other parts of the body. Developing good dental habits from a young age can help prevent dental problems in the future. In fact, good oral health habits can, in the long run, lead to saving on doctor/dentist visits and missed school days. Oral health must be prioritised as early as the age of 2 and should change as the teeth do. So, we challenge parents to take their children’s oral health seriously as they start new habits and routines. What’s also crucial is knowing which phase your child is in when it comes to brushing their teeth. We like to break this up into 4 phases, which entail the below: Phase 1: Dependent cleaning – prioritise as early as when your child has their first tooth. This is where mom or dad takes control of their child’s oral hygiene. Phase 2: Supported brushing – from two-and-a-half years old. Your child is beginning to show some independence and do things on their own, which includes wanting to brush their own teeth. It’s important to Use a pea-sized amount of kids toothpaste. Adult toothpaste might burn too much. Choose a soft, dense bristle kids toothbrush – adult toothbrushes are too large for a child’s small mouth. Start brushing all the tooth surfaces, doing large circles over the tooth and gums (about eight counts per tooth) Brush the chewing surfaces using a scrubbing method A plaque-disclosing tablet can show your child where to brush and where plaque is present. They can easily see the plaque and brush on these surfaces Parents should also brush after the child has brushed their teeth to ensure hard-to-reach areas are not missed. Phase 3: Supervised brushing – from nine years old. Regularly checking on them and motivating and supporting them with their oral health is encouraged. This not only lets them know that they are doing the right thing, which will keep them motivated to keep brushing every day, but it will give you the chance to spot any technique that needs to be fixed early on. Phase 4: Independent brushing – young adults. They’re responsible for brushing their teeth and looking after their oral health. This is when you know that your guidance has paid off, and they can keep up with the routine on their own. As parents, we are responsible for ensuring we give our children the best life and opportunities possible. Gifting them a healthy smile, which contributes to their confidence and overall well-being, is certainly one that cannot be overlooked. Written by: Richard Meyer, GM at Curaprox

February 2, 2024

How Impaq helps you work through the CAPS curriculum

Whether you are a homeschooling veteran or a nervous newcomer, looking at all the content you need to cover can be overwhelming. Luckily, Impaq makes working through the CAPS curriculum easy! All you have to do is pick a grade, complete your registration, and you’ll be provided with everything you need to complete the year at home (and have some fun along the way). Here’s how we help you make learning at home a breeze. Read more here: From CAPS to Cambridge and everything in between Planning for the year ahead Dale Carnegie knew a thing or two about planning for success as he famously said: “An hour of planning can save you 10 hours of doing”. And by now, you might be wondering how many hours you need to spend planning for the year ahead to save time down the road. The answer? Almost none. With Impaq Homeschooling, the planning is already done for you. We provide carefully crafted lesson plans that tell you exactly how much time you need to spend on each subject, and how to integrate the lesson plans with the learner material. The curriculum is broken down into bite-sized bits to help you and your child know exactly what to focus on during each term. Lesson plans, along with weekly calendars and additional resources are available on the Optimi Learning Portal (OLP). CAPS made easy As a homeschool parent, the CAPS curriculum can seem content-heavy, and you might be wondering what to focus on. As of 2024, Impaq will be providing our learners with a framework of what to concentrate on for each subject. We have organised the content to make it easier for homeschool parents to work through the curriculum challenges and ensure that their child masters the basic concepts. All these resources can be found on OLP. All the support you need As a homeschooling parent, you will receive your very own facilitator’s guides to help you teach your child at home. These detailed guides accompany the lesson material your child receives and give you step-by-step guidance to set your child up for success. Prepping for tests and examinations is also made easy as you can find suggested timetables for Grades 4 to 9 on OLP. You can then decide whether to stick to these timetables or to create your own. Grade 10 to 12 learners write tests and exams according to a strict timetable If you find yourself needing some additional support, especially in certain subject areas such as Mathematics and Physical Sciences, you can reach out to our team of education specialists. They are always happy to assist and support parents with any academic queries. You can also find the answers to most of your homeschooling questions on our client helpdesk. Enjoy online resources The Optimi Learning Portal (OLP) serves as our learning hub and contains a treasure trove of digital resources. Along with the lesson material your child receives, they can find additional resources per subject on OLP, including educational videos, quizzes, previous examination papers, helpful notes and much more. Learners can also easily access both live and pre-recorded subject guidance sessions on OLP. These sessions focus on providing guidance on how to complete specific assessments, revision for more difficult concepts, as well as enrichment lessons. Track your child’s progress Tracking your child’s progress is as easy as logging in to OLP. With the click of a button, you will be able to see which lessons your child has completed (marked in green) and which lessons they still need to complete (marked in red). You will also be able to capture the marks for their tasks, tests, and examinations (depending on their grade) and generate report cards. The advantage of keeping track of your child’s progress is that you can easily see which subjects or topics they need a bit more help with. This individualised attention ensures that your child fully grasps the concepts before moving on to more advanced topics. A fun adventure Now that the planning is done, the content is sorted, and you have access to additional support, you can spend your time on making learning fun. With everything laid out for you, you’ll have more time to focus on your child and plan exciting excursions and activities. If you find you have some extra time or your child is especially interested in a certain subject or topic, why not incorporate it into your daily lessons? Learn a new language like isiZulu, take up a new hobby such as robotics, learn how to develop successful study habits or take your learner on a virtual adventure through the African bush. Also read: Say yebo to isiZulu! The benefits of multilingualism Register today With Impaq as your guide, homeschooling has never been easier. Ready to get started? Register online or send an email to [email protected]

February 2, 2024

The Importance of Storing Cord Blood Stem Cells for Future Health

The decision to bank your baby’s cord blood stem cells is a significant one, offering potential health benefits for both the child and their siblings. Understanding the intricacies of stem cell matching and the role these cells play in medical treatments is crucial for making an informed choice about storing this precious resource. Who Can Benefit? Your baby’s cord blood stem cells are a 100% match for themselves, ensuring a personalized and compatible source for potential future medical treatments. Siblings, on the other hand, may also benefit, but a crucial step is determining their compatibility through a process called tissue typing or HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) testing. This method reveals whether siblings can utilize each other’s stem cells for approved therapies. Biological siblings share a 25% chance of being a match, a statistic that highlights the importance of storing cord blood for each child in the family. Biological parents are considered a partial match, termed ‘haploidentical,’ emphasizing the need for alternative sources in certain situations. Importance of Matching in Transplants In cases where an individual cannot use their own stem cells due to an inherited condition, having cord blood from a matched sibling becomes invaluable. If the sibling did not inherit the same condition, their cord blood becomes a preferred source for stem cells in potential transplant scenarios. This emphasizes the critical role cord blood banking plays in securing a suitable match for transplantation, significantly increasing the chances of successful treatment. Comparing Match Chances Understanding the probabilities associated with different sources of stem cells is vital in appreciating the value of cord blood banking. The chances of being a suitable match for a transplant vary based on the source of stem cells: Autologous (Your own stem cells): 100% chance of a match. Syngeneic (Stem cells from identical twins): Each twin has a 100% chance of a match. Haploidentical (Stem cells from biological parents): A 50% chance of matching. Allogeneic (Stem cells from biological siblings): Each sibling has a 25% chance of matching. Banking your baby’s cord blood stem cells is an investment in their future health. The potential benefits extend beyond the individual, providing a lifeline for siblings who may require compatible stem cells for medical treatments. As the statistics show, the chances of finding a transplant match from unrelated donors are extremely low, making cord blood banking a proactive and strategic choice for families concerned about their long-term well-being. References Waller-Wise R. Umbilical cord blood: information for childbirth educators. J Perinat Educ. 2011 Winter;20(1):54-60. doi: 10.1891/1058-1243.20.1.54. PMID: 22211060; PMCID: PMC3209739.

February 2, 2024

PAW Patrol™ Live! “Race to the Rescue” Announces South Africa Tour Dates for 2024

Blu Blood, in association with Paramount Global, VStar Entertainment Group and TEG Life Like Touring, presents PAW PatrolTM Live! “Race to the Rescue,” an action-packed, music-filled production. The PAW Patrol is on a roll and returning to South Africa in 2024 for a three-city tour! The heroic pups from the top-rated animated preschool series PAW Patrol, produced by Spin Master Entertainment and airing on Nick Jr (DStv 307), will be live on stage at Sun Arena Time Square, Pretoria from 21 to 24 March 2024; Durban ICC from 29 to 31 March 2024; and GrandWest, Cape Town from 5 to 7 April 2024. Tickets go live on Ticketpro this week, follow @blubloodafrica for more details. “As we gear up for the 2024 South Africa tour, we’re thrilled to bring the beloved pups of Adventure Bay to life on stage,” said Rachel Karpf, Vice President of Experiences and Live Stage for Paramount. “In collaboration with Blu Blood and our dedicated partners, we’re excited to create unforgettable memories for kids and families.” It’s the day of the Great Adventure Bay Race between Adventure Bay’s Mayor Goodway and Foggy Bottom’s Mayor Humdinger, but Mayor Goodway is nowhere to be found. PAW Patrol to the rescue! Ryder summons Marshall, Chase, Skye, Rubble, Rocky, Zuma and Everest to rescue Mayor Goodway and to run the race in her place. Using their unique skills and teamwork, the pups show that “no job is too big, no pup is too small.” Through a unique storyline and upbeat music, Ryder and the pups share lessons for all ages about citizenship, social skills and problem-solving as they make several heroic rescues on their race to the finish line. PAW Patrol Live! “Race to the Rescue” is the perfect way for families to create lifelong memories and provides kids the opportunity to experience in-person theater. Since its debut in the Fall of 2016, PAW Patrol Live! has been seen by over 5.5 million people, providing fans in over 40 countries with an unforgettable Broadway-style production. The performance is an interactive live stage show, encouraging audiences to engage through call and response and audience interaction, dance the Pup Pup Boogie, and help the pups rescue Mayor Goodway and win the race! Classic theatrical scenery, along with a high-tech video wall, visually transports families to an authentic PAW Patrol environment, including locations from the TV series, like Adventure Bay, The Lookout, Seal Island, Farmer Yumi’s farm and Jake’s Mountain. “Blu Blood has always been committed to bringing world-class entertainment to South Africa, and we are thrilled to announce the arrival of the PAW Patrol live stage production in 2024. This beloved children’s brand has captured the hearts of families around the globe. At Blu Blood, we are dedicated to delivering exceptional live experiences, and PAW Patrol Live! is set to be a highlight on our 2024 calendar. We can’t wait to see the joy and smiles it brings,” shares Blu Blood MD and CEO, Osman Osman and Shaaista Khan Osman. PAW Patrol Live! “Race to the Rescue” Sun Arena Time Square, Pretoria: 21 – 24 March 2024 Durban ICC, Durban: 29 – 31 March 2024 GrandWest, Cape Town: 5 – 7 April 2024

February 1, 2024

The New Great Tasting Grape Flavour, Panado®’s Latest Paediatric Range Addition

Panado® has expanded their paediatric range with a new Grape flavour syrup,1 designed to help relieve pain and fever in children.1 As a trusted2 name in South Africa, Panado® knows that parents want convenient and great tasting products for their children. That’s why our new Grape flavour is colourant-free, tartrazine-free, alcohol-free, and sugar-free1, ensuring that your child gets the pain and fever relief they need. Providing comfort to little ones who are feeling unwell can be a daunting task for parents, particularly when children are not able to effectively communicate their discomfort. Panado® is trusted2 by South African families for providing relief of pain and fever1 in babies, toddlers, and children, but it is also convenient and great tasting. This makes it a go-to choice for parents who want a reliable solution that is easy to administer and appealing for their little ones to take. Fever is one of the most frequently cited reasons parents or caregivers seek medical help for their children. It is often a source of concern for parents and health care practitioners, who believe it may be linked to a greater risk of seizures (fits).3a A fever is defined as a body temperature of more than 38 °C in children.3b Our syrup contains paracetamol, an option for treating pain and fever in children,4 and caters to diverse tastes and preferences while being gentle on little tummies5. But we didn’t stop there. We know that getting children to take medicine can be a challenge, which is why we’ve made sure that our grape flavour is also taste-bud friendly and easy to take. With its clear syrup, there’s no need to worry about messy clothes or unsightly stains. Plus, the grape flavour is sure to make medicine time more appealing to kids. Dosage details for the Panado® range of products can be found at https://panado.co.za/dosage-calculator/ and are calculated according to your child’s age and weight. Add in your child’s age and weight, and our calculator will automatically calculate how much Panado® you should give your child, and which product is best suited for your child. So, next time you find yourself in the middle of a parenting rollercoaster with pain and fever, remember to reach for Panado® Paediatric Syrup – Grape Flavour – the clear choice for parents and kids alike! Parents trust2 Panado® for the power to fight their little one’s pain and provide fast6 relief when needed most. Panado® products are available at Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers, including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem, and Independent Pharmacies. For more information, visit visit https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. 2023032710267635 References: Panado ® Paediatric Alcohol Free – Grape Flavour. Approved package insert. October 2022. Circana, MT, October 2023 MAT. InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Fever in children: Overview. 2013 Dec 18 [Updated 2019 Jun 6]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279455/. Last accessed February 2023. de Martino M, Chiarugi A. Recent Advances in Pediatric Use of Oral Paracetamol in Fever and Pain Management. Pain Ther. 2015 Dec;4(2):149-68. doi: 10.1007/s40122-015-0040-z. Epub 2015 Oct 30. PMID: 26518691; PMCID: PMC4676765. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26518691/. Last accessed February 2023. Bannwarth B. Gastrointestinal safety of paracetamol: is there any cause for concern? Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2004 Jul;3(4):269-72. doi: 10.1517/14740338.3.4.269. PMID: 15268644. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15268644/#. Last accessed February 2023. Wilcock A, Twycross R. Therapeutic reviews: Acetaminophen (Paracetamol). Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 2013;46(5):747-755.

February 1, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week four of your pregnancy

This may be the week that you realise that you’re pregnant. Many women don’t notice so early-on, but if you’ve been trying for a while you may take a pregnancy test before when your next period was due. Your body at 4 weeks Although your body is changing, chances are you may not have noticed just yet – at the end of this week you’ll probably notice (or maybe earlier or later – depending on your menstrual cycle) that you’ve missed your period. This is one of the more obvious pregnancy signs, but your body is changing in other ways as well. When your fertilised egg implanted into your uterus you may have noticed some cramping and spotting. You may write -off other early pregnancy signs as pre-menstrual changes, however, there are some symptoms that are unique to having a baby. Such as nausea, spotting and cramping, and a raised body temperature. If you haven’t already, now is the time to quit any unhealthy habits, such as drinking alcohol and caffeine, and smoking. It’s also a good idea to take prenatal supplements if you haven’t started yet. If you’re feeling healthy and your pregnancy symptoms are all normal, you’ll only need to schedule an ultrasound at week 8. Your baby at 4 weeks Your baby is a tiny mass of cell inside you, roughly the size of a poppy seed, but just because it’s so small doesn’t mean lots isn’t happening. In the next few weeks, this tiny ball of cells will form the neural tube, which is the beginning of the brain and spine. At this point, the cells that are your baby are dividing up, becoming more defined. Three layers are developing – the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm – and these will later develop to become your baby’s organs and tissues.

February 1, 2024

Homework Wars

The year is in full swing and the novelty of being back at school or starting in Grade 1 has probably already worn off. The excitement of a new grade, new teachers and new friends has been replaced by the reality of tests, projects and busy afternoon schedules. Grade 1 pupils are starting to get used to “big school” with all its challenges. One of those challenges for parents and children is homework. Parents are eager to get their children into an afternoon routine to create a suitable environment for homework to be completed. However, parents of children of all ages are often overwhelmed by the volume of homework being sent home and are not sure whether they are helping their children correctly. Schools in many first world countries, and even some in South Africa, are moving away from the concept of homework. They believe that children should have enough time to play and have reading programmes instead of homework. These theoretically reinforce concepts taught during the school day. The reality is that this has not yet taken off in South Africa and most teachers will agree that completing the curriculum relies on concepts being reinforced at home. Parents of children in primary school can try the following tips to make homework less tedious and frustrating: 1. Keep R1 coins to use as counters for Maths homework. This will help the child to see the link between addition and subtraction using real-world examples. 2. Skip counting is an important skill to master and becomes the foundation of times tables. Trace your child’s hands on a piece of paper and write the numbers of the skip counting in the fingers. The child will associate the number with the finger used to count on. 3. Print 100 chart templates from the internet and let them colour in every second, third or fourth block, depending on the number being counted in. This will help them to see the pattern created for each number as opposed to trying to remember a list of numbers off by heart. 4. Create your own set of flashcards for sight words. Review words covered in previous weeks’ lists on a regular basis. 5. Let your child break spelling words into sounds. This will help them to develop a strategy for attempting new words. 6. Use the sounds of letters (“a” for ant) as opposed to the letter names, such as A (ay), B (bee) and C (see) when reinforcing reading. Parents should not feel alone in fighting homework wars! Speak to your child’s teacher or book a remedial assessment if you suspect that your child is unable to cope with the demands of his or her grade. Chrizelle Prinsloo is the owner of Kip McGrath Education Centres, Walmer. She has a background in psychology and has taught in mainstream and special-needs schools both locally and abroad. Chrizelle is passionate about helping children gain confidence in their own abilities and about finding different ways to help them learn.

January 31, 2024

Ear infections: Why they are common in children

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, sheds light on the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures associated with paediatric ear infections. Ear infections, medically known as otitis media, are among the most common reasons children visit healthcare providers. These infections can occur in the middle ear, the space behind the eardrum, leading to various symptoms and complications. “Ear infections can be distressing for children and parents, but understanding the factors that contribute to their prevalence and taking preventive measures can help reduce the risk,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “It’s important for parents and caregivers to recognise the symptoms of ear infections and seek medical attention when needed to ensure prompt and effective treatment.” Why Ear Infections are Common in Children The structure of a child’s Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat, differs from that of adults. In children, these tubes are shorter, narrower, and more horizontal, making bacteria or viruses more likely to pass from the throat to the middle ear. This anatomical difference increases the susceptibility of children to ear infections. Other factors that make children more susceptible to ear infections include: Immature Immune Systems: Children’s immune systems are still developing, making them more vulnerable to infections, including those that can lead to ear infections. Their immune response may be less robust in fighting off bacteria and viruses. Exposure to Germs: Children are often in close contact with one another, especially in daycare centres, schools, and playgroups. This increased interaction can lead to a higher likelihood of exposure to germs that can cause ear infections. Frequent Upper Respiratory Infections: Upper respiratory illnesses like colds and sinusitis are frequently connected with ear infections. Children tend to experience these infections more often than adults, increasing the chances of ear infections as a secondary complication. Passive Smoke Exposure: Passive smoking has been related to an increased incidence of ear infections in children during pregnancy or after birth. Allergies: Children with allergies, particularly allergic rhinitis, may be more prone to ear infections. Allergic reactions can lead to inflammation in the nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, contributing to ear infections. Bottle Feeding and Pacifier Use: How a child is fed, whether bottle feeding or breastfeeding, can influence the risk of ear infections. Bottle-fed babies may be at a slightly higher risk, and prolonged pacifier use can also contribute to ear infections. 6 Common Symptoms of Ear Infections in Children While the symptoms of ear infections may vary from child to child, several common signs might suggest the presence of an ear infection. These signs include: Ear Pain: Ear infections often cause significant ear pain, leading to irritability and difficulty sleeping. Fever: A high fever is a common symptom of ear infections, mainly when the infection is bacterial. Fluid Drainage: In some cases, ear infections can cause fluid to drain from the ear. This fluid may be pus-like and have a foul odour. Hearing Problems: Ear infections can temporarily affect a child’s hearing, leading to difficulty understanding speech or responding to sounds. Irritability and Fussiness: Infants and young children with ear infections may become irritable and fussy and have difficulty feeding. Tugging at the Ear: Young children may tug or pull at their ears in response to ear pain. Prevention and Treatment Preventing ear infections in children can be challenging, but there are measures that parents and caregivers can take to reduce the risk: Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding for the first six months of life can help boost a child’s immune system and reduce the risk of ear infections. Avoiding Passive Smoke: Reducing exposure to passive smoke during pregnancy and after birth can lower the risk of ear infections. Vaccination: Staying current with recommended vaccinations can help prevent illnesses that may lead to ear infections. Good Hygiene Practices: Hand hygiene and encouraging children to cover their mouths and noses when coughing or sneezing can help limit germ spread. Limiting Pacifier Use: Reducing pacifier use after six months may help lower the risk of ear infections. Prompt Treatment: If a child develops symptoms of an ear infection, seek immediate medical attention. Bacterial infections may require antibiotics, while viral infections may resolve independently with supportive care.

January 30, 2024

10 Reasons to choose cord stem cell banking for your baby

Stem cell storage is more than just a medical choice; it’s a step towards securing your family’s well-being. With the promise of potential treatments and the assurance of peace of mind, let’s explore ten vital reasons why storing your child’s stem cells is a decision worth considering. Reason #1: Collection at Birth – a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity: The collection of umbilical cord blood and tissue stem cells takes place shortly after birth. If not done at this time these precious cells are discarded as medical waste. It is the reason why collecting cord blood stem cells is particularly important because there is only one opportunity to collect them immediately after birth, unlike other types of stem cells. These stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types and tissues; therefore, they can be used for treating various critical diseases. Reason #2: Potential Future Medical Treatments Umbilical cord blood-derived (UCB) stem cells can be used in the treatment of blood-related diseases. As for UCB stem cells, using the patient’s own stem cells called “autologous transplants”, are readily available when needed. Currently, several blood diseases are believed to be critical diseases and are immediately needed (unlike matching with a donor which can take months), every minute counts. Therefore, cord-blood banking is very important to be done and prepared for any future emergencies. One of the primary reasons to store your baby’s stem cells is the potential for them to be used in medical treatments. Stem cells might be used in the future to treat a range of diseases and conditions, should the need arise, such as cancer, diabetes, cerebral palsy, and more. By storing your baby’s stem cells now, you may be able to provide them access to life-saving treatments in the future. Reason #3: Low Risk There really isn’t much risk involved at all! The collection process is completely safe for both mother and child and involves only a few minutes shortly after birth for collection. Even delayed cord clamping can be done. Additionally, cryogenic storage is entirely secure and totally reliable; even in the event of a disaster, your baby’s stem cells will remain safe with us until needed. Reason #4: Inexpensive Options Although it may sound like an expensive option initially for many parents, having the ability to treat many life-threatening diseases in the future is truly priceless. As the number one cord blood bank in South Africa, our mission is to make stem cell storage more affordable for families and offer different plans and flexible payment options to suit your needs. Reason #5: Ensuring Your Child’s Future Cryopreserving and storing your baby’s stem cells is an asset for use in their future health and well-being. Nobody knows what might happen in the future, and should your child develop a life-threatening illness, then having access to their stem cells could save their life. In the past decades, the technology has advanced substantially and will continue to do so in the years ahead. By banking your baby’s stem cells now, you can ensure they have access to any new treatments or therapies that arise from further scientific research. Reason #6: Peace of Mind Knowing that your child’s stem cells are stored safely away can give parents peace of mind about their long-term health expectations. The stress associated with trying to find a suitable donor if needed down the line, as well as removing any concerns about matching or rejection issues for transplants from unrelated donors. Reason #7: Beneficial for the entire family Umbilical cord blood stem cells not only are used for the children themselves but also potentially used by the immediate family members. Parents have a 50% chance of a match and siblings have a 25% chance. Besides treating blood-related diseases, these stem cells from cord blood and cord tissue can also be used to treat the family member’s other degenerative diseases. Therefore, collecting and banking UCB-derived stem cells can provide peace of mind for you and your family in the future. Reason #8: The demand is growing Stem cells isolated from umbilical cord blood have been used to treat different kinds of diseases apart from blood-related diseases, including diabetes, strokes, nerve damage, muscular diseases, etc. It is believed that the stem cell umbilical cord blood market is growing by 16,% due to the increased awareness of cord blood stem cells’ potential in treating various medical conditions and also by the rising incidence of chronic diseases in the population. Reason #9: High processing standards in a state-of-the-art facility Safety is considered an important aspect of the umbilical cord blood and tissue stem cell banking process. At present, UCB- and UCT-derived stem cell collection and banking is of the highest standard with international accreditations and certifications. Therefore, you and your family can rest assured that once frozen, your stem cells can be stored for decades. Reason #10: Revolutionary innovations of umbilical cord blood transplantation The innovation of umbilical cord blood stem cells for therapeutic use has made significant progress since the 1980’s and more than 40,000 UCB transplants have been performed. Umbilical cord blood and tissue stem cells are now being studied as an alternative treatment for many diseases such as type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and heart failure, to name but a few. Storing your baby’s stem cells poses many advantages for parents that wish to protect their child’s health long-term without breaking the bank. It offers potential medical treatments which could save lives down the line, but also offers peace of mind knowing that you have taken steps towards safeguarding your children’s health — no matter what happens in life. Our promise is that we will do our best to take good care of your future and provide you with the highest quality and most reliable service.

January 30, 2024

Radiology’s pivotal role in the detection of lifestyle diseases

Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicates a notable increase in Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancers. These diseases are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality. In fact, three years ago, the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) and the Medical Council described the increase in NCDs as an ‘emerging epidemic’ and the ‘biggest threat to South Africa’s health’. NCDs, known as chronic or lifestyle diseases, are medical conditions that are not infectious and cannot be transmitted directly from person to person. They progress slowly, often lasting for a long duration. The main categories include cardiovascular diseases (such as heart disease and stroke), cancer and chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. Other examples include obesity, mental health disorders and musculoskeletal conditions. Lifestyle diseases were more prevalent in higher income brackets but currently, they are wreaking havoc amongst all South Africans. The good news is that the damage resulting from unhealthy lifestyles can be stemmed. Dr Jean de Villiers from SCP Radiology says medical imaging techniques play a crucial role in the early diagnosis, management and monitoring of lifestyle diseases. ‘The rapid evolution of high-quality imaging techniques, using reduced radiation dose, has positioned radiology ideally for this role. This contributes significantly to the understanding and treatment of these conditions.’ Why ‘lifestyle’ disease’? The conditions are called lifestyle diseases because they result from long-term, habitual behaviours and lifestyle choices. The terminology implies that their prevention, control, and management are often a result of an individual’s actions, such as: Poor diet: Diets high in processed foods, saturated fats, trans fats, salt and sugar Physical inactivity: Lack of regular physical activity Tobacco use: This is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and certain types of cancer Environmental factors: Including air pollution, water pollution and other environmental toxins can contribute to the development of respiratory diseases and other health problems Occupational hazards: Certain workplace exposures to chemicals and other hazards can increase the risk of specific NCDs Genetics: A family history may result in a genetic predisposition to certain NCDs Age and gender: The risk of developing NCDs tends to increase with age. Some conditions, like osteoporosis and certain cancers, may be more prevalent in specific age groups or genders Metabolic factors Obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes Psychosocial factors: Chronic stress can contribute to the development or exacerbation of various NCDs Mental Health Perhaps surprisingly, mental health can also result in chronic diseases. According to Harvard Medical School, poor mental health can negatively impact on physical health, leading to an increased risk of some conditions. Depression has been linked to a 67% increased risk of death from heart disease and a 50% increase in risk of death from cancer. Mainly because people with mental health conditions are less likely to receive the physical healthcare. Preventing NCDs usually involves lifestyle modifications: Adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption and managing stress. Early detection, through regular health check-ups and screenings, is also crucial for effective management and prevention of associated complications. The role played by radiology Diagnostic imaging: Helps in the early detection and diagnosis of lifestyle diseases. ‘For most of these conditions, early identification and diagnosis are crucial. X-rays, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), mammography, and ultrasound are ideally suited to visualise relevant internal anatomical structures and identify relevant abnormalities early,’ says Dr de Villiers. Monitoring disease progression: Radiological techniques can monitor the progression of lifestyle diseases over time. This is important for diseases like diabetes, where complications can affect the kidneys, eyes and blood vessels. Treatment planning: Aids in treatment planning by providing detailed anatomical information. For example, before certain surgeries or interventional procedures, imaging guides the medical team to target the affected area and minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Screening programs: These are essential for the early detection of certain lifestyle-related conditions. For instance, routine mammography and colonoscopy for the early detection of breast cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively. Similarly, there are currently National pilot projects running to detect early lung cancer in high-risk individuals using low-dose CT scans of the chest. Research and clinical trials: Radiology plays a key role in research studies and clinical trials aimed at understanding the mechanisms of lifestyle diseases. Advanced imaging techniques can be used to investigate the effects of lifestyle interventions and assess the effectiveness of treatment. Patient education: Radiological images can be used to educate patients about the nature and progression of their conditions. Being able to see the affected areas can help patients understand the importance of lifestyle modifications and treatment adherence. In summary, radiology is an integral component of the multidisciplinary approach to the detection and management of lifestyle diseases. It facilitates early detection, accurate diagnosis and effective management, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and quality of life.

January 25, 2024

Understanding Executive Functions: Building Blocks for Speech and Language Development in Children

Executive functions are like the brain’s conductors, orchestrating learning and thinking processes that are vital for a child’s development. In the realm of speech and language, these functions play a pivotal role in laying the foundation for effective communication. What are Executive Functions? Executive functions encompass a set of thinking and organising abilities that help with managing time, paying attention, changing focus, planning and organizing, initiating tasks, and regulating emotions. These skills are crucial for a child’s overall development, and they extend their influence to the realm of speech and language. Memory and Speech Memory, a key executive function, plays a significant role in speech and language development. Working memory, the ability to hold and manipulate information temporarily, aids in remembering and processing spoken and written language. Children draw upon working memory when learning new words, sentence structures, and when engaged in conversations. Inhibition and Language Control Inhibition, another executive function, is the ability to control impulses and resist distractions. In the context of language development, inhibition is essential for filtering irrelevant information, staying focused during communication tasks, and controlling the urge to interrupt others. It paves the way for effective listening and turn-taking in conversations. Cognitive Flexibility in Communication Cognitive flexibility allows children to adapt to changes in communication patterns and switch between different aspects of language. It enables them to navigate various social contexts, understand different perspectives, and employ a range of language skills appropriately. Planning and Organization in Communication Executive functions involved in planning and organization contribute significantly to a child’s ability to express thoughts coherently. These skills help in forming sentences, structuring narratives, and organizing ideas during verbal expression. Emotional Regulation and Communication Executive functions also play a crucial role in emotional regulation, influencing a child’s ability to express themselves appropriately. Emotional control is fundamental for effective communication, as it helps children convey their thoughts and feelings in a socially acceptable manner. Developmental Milestones and Red Flags Understanding typical developmental milestones related to executive functions in speech and language can empower parents. It’s also essential to be aware of potential red flags that may indicate challenges in these areas, such as persistent difficulties in following instructions, poor attention during conversations, or struggles with organizing thoughts. In conclusion, executive functions are the unsung heroes of speech and language development. By recognizing and nurturing these cognitive processes, parents can actively contribute to their child’s communication skills. Observing and addressing challenges early on can make a significant difference in fostering effective communication and setting the stage for a lifetime of language success. Written by: Karen Jacobs and Donna Botha

January 25, 2024

Back to School 2024 – Creating Healthy Lunch boxes

– It’s easier than you think – The 2024 school year has kicked off and parents are back to the challenge of the daily packing of nutritious and appealing lunch boxes. Time constraints, especially on weekday mornings, picky eating, getting the nutritional balance right and cost concerns are all hurdles that busy parents must grapple with. What goes into the lunch box, and what gets eaten during the school day are really important. Lunch, snacks and hydration make a significant impact on our kids’ energy levels and their abilities to concentrate and perform, both cognitively and physically throughout the school day. This year, Juicy Delicious and Rediscover Dairy have teamed up to provide inspiration and dietitian advice to make mastering school lunch boxes much easier. An important feature of school lunch boxes is the inclusion of vegetables and fruits every day. When South African children go back to school in January, it is still stone fruit season with its abundance of peaches, nectarines, and plums available throughout the entire first term. Firm, yet juicy yellow cling peaches, succulent plums and deliciously sweet nectarines are all excellent lunch box fruits because they travel well as whole fruits. They are refreshing on a hot school day, packed with fibre and immune-boosting vitamins C and A, and loved by children as much as any sweet treat. Of course, South African grown stone fruit also blend perfectly with dairy. A fresh peach milkshake or nectarine yoghurt smoothie makes for an ideal, nutrient-dense drink on-the-go. Maretha Vermaak, the registered dietitian at Rediscover Dairy says, “When it comes to nutritional balance, parents need to ensure that school lunch box foods are contributing to their child’s needs for protein, energy, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals. This is where dairy shines. Luckily, kids love dairy, so it is an ideal solution for picky eaters. Milk, cheese, maas and yoghurt offer a unique nutritional spectrum including high quality protein, energy and calcium. Dairy is also a vital source of vitamins such as A, B2, and B12, as well as potassium and zinc. So, you have an exceptional nutritional profile, as well as affordability and versatility. This ensures that you easily include dairy in the school lunch box so that your child is getting the recommended 2 to 3 servings of dairy every day.” Parents can elevate their school lunch box game by using child-friendly compartmentalised lunch boxes, such as the newly launched ADDIS Munch On The Go Bento Box which is proudly manufactured in South Africa. Ideally- sized, with an easy opening, kid-friendly clip, it includes a leak-free POD for a yoghurt, dip or sauce as well as a removable tray for carrot sticks or wholewheat crackers, or slices of nectarines. Fill the main section with a cheese sandwich or chicken, feta and veg wrap and pack a peach or plum, nuts or mini tomatoes in the smaller compartment. With neat, clearly defined sections, picky eaters can navigate their way around their lunch box without feeling overwhelmed and find something they like in every nook. Here are 6 tips to master lunch box prep: Plan ahead – Include lunch box prep in your weekly meal planning and shopping. Create a weekly list to focus on buying a variety of healthy, fresh lunch box foods. If you limit biscuits, sweets and crisps stored in your grocery cupboards then there’s less chance they will end up in the lunch box on a busy morning. Involve your kids – Consider your child’s food preferences and include your kids in the lunch box preparation process. Make it a fun and interactive experience. Daily dairy – You need to aim to include at least 2 to 3 servings of dairy in your child’s daily diet. Luckily there are many ways to include milk, cheese, yoghurt and maas in the school lunch box. You can freeze a small yoghurt or fruit juice to keep the lunch box cold. Always include fruits and vegetables – Each day prioritize fresh fruits and vegetables based on what is seasonally available which helps to meet daily energy, fibre, vitamin and mineral needs. Avoid unhealthy foods – Steer clear of fried, sugary, and high-salt foods to promote overall health and cultivate healthy eating choices from an early age. Choose healthy beverages – Include low-calorie, healthy, nutrient-rich beverages like milk, or water instead of fizzy drinks and sugary cordials. By incorporating these tips and keeping in mind the delightful combination of dairy and stone fruits, parents can ensure that their children start the year with lunch boxes that are nutritious and delicious, setting the stage for a successful school year. For more inspiration and recipes, follow @juicydelicioussa on Instagram or visit www.juicydelicious.co.za

January 24, 2024

What are the costs of cord blood banking?

At CryoSave we understand that becoming a parent comes with financial strain. That is why we offer flexible pricing options, structured to your needs.” as this will give an indication that even though there is so much benefit, CryoSave makes it easier in terms of cost. Below is a breakdown and explanation of the costs of stem cell banking. The collection kit The collection kit includes everything your doctor/midwife will need for the collection. The collection kit is paid upfront when you sign up for stem cell banking. The reason this is paid upfront is to ensure that the kit can be couriered to you immediately to be available once the baby is born for the collection to take place and after completion the kit will be collected by a specialised courier. Processing the collected samples Once the samples (collection kit) are received by the CryoSave laboratory, the samples need to be processed. This means that the cord blood cells are separated. The cord blood and tissue are processed according to international standards. CryoSave is an internationally AABB (Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies) accredited facility. All cord blood samples are processed using internationally validated processing and cryopreservation protocols. The cord blood and tissue stem cells will be kept in a liquid nitrogen storage tank (between -196 and -150°C) at our secured facility for long-term storage. In addition to the above, blood is also drawn from the mother at birth. The vials for these tests are also included in the kit. These samples will then be analysed by pathologists for infectious markers. Stem cell banks must do quality checks on all samples and before freezing a representative sample is taken for quality testing. The number of blood-forming stem cells and the % viability of the cells present in each sample is measured. Other checks are done to determine the recovery of stem cells after processing. Stem cell banks must also test for microbiological infection in each sample. After successful storage, the parents are notified of the success of the cord blood and cord tissue processing and negative microbiology. Parents will also receive a certificate for both the cord blood and cord tissue for their records. If difficulties are encountered during delivery that might have affected the collection of the cord blood or tissue, the Laboratory Director or Medical Director will call the gynaecologist to ascertain the reason for the problematic delivery. They will also contact the parents to inform them and discuss the collection with them. If the sample is needed for an approved transplant, CryoSave offers parents free shipment of the samples to anywhere in the world where the transplant will take place. A sample will only be released if approval is provided by an approved transplant centre and after discussions and approval documentation has been signed by the transplant physician, the parents, and the cord blood bank. Storage After processing is complete the cord blood and tissue stem cells are cryopreserved and cryogenically stored in the vapour phase of cryogenic nitrogen freezing tanks at -196° C and maintained there until needed. When you consider all these costs; running any cord blood bank is rather expensive. This includes the cost of running the liquid nitrogen facility, maintenance of equipment, regulatory-, compliance- and operational costs (including staff salary expenses). The storage fees paid over 20-30 years, is a critical element of cost as this is to ensure that the stem cell bank you banked your baby’s stem cells with, can safely and securely store your samples for the required time to come. Storage fees should therefore be a non-negotiable cost when it comes to this process. Conclusion In addition, the search for donor stem cells can take months for a life-threatening disease and can cost anything between R600k – R1m. If you bank with a private cord blood bank, the stem cells are immediately available. Considering the above, the cost of R25 000 for the collection kit and processing fees, and storage fees less than R50 p/m should not seem expensive. Only the collection fee is paid upfront. Repayment terms are available. At CryoSave we understand that becoming a parent comes with financial strain. That is why we offer flexible pricing options, structured to your needs. Contact us today to get a personalized quote.

January 24, 2024

UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTRACEPTION

According to Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, contraception is a fundamental aspect of reproductive health and family planning. What is Contraception? Contraception, often called birth control, encompasses a range of methods and practices designed to prevent unintended pregnancies. It allows individuals and couples to make informed choices about their reproductive futures, supporting their goals for family planning and personal health. Types of Contraception Methods Available and Possible Side Effects Various contraception methods are available to individuals for family planning and preventing unintended pregnancies. These methods include: Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pills) These prescription medications contain hormones to prevent pregnancy. There are combination pills (containing both oestrogen and progestin) and progestin-only pills. Possible side effects of oral contraceptives Nausea Breast tenderness Irregular bleeding or spotting Headaches Mood changes Weight changes Decreased libido (sexual desire) Changes in menstrual flow Injectable Contraceptives Injectable contraceptives often contain the hormone progestogen that stops your body from releasing eggs and thickens the mucus at the cervix, administered once every two or three months (depending on which injectable is chosen). Possible side effects of Contraceptive Injection Irregular menstrual bleeding or spotting Weight gain Mood changes Decreased bone density with long-term use (reversible after discontinuation) Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) These are small, T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus. There are hormonal and non-hormonal (copper) IUDs available. Possible side effects of IUDs Cramping or pain during insertion Irregular menstrual bleeding or spotting (may decrease over time) Expulsion (rare) Infection (rare) Perforation of the uterus (extremely rare) Implants A hormonal implant inserted under the arm’s skin can provide contraceptive protection for up to three years. Possible side effects of Implants Pain or bruising at the insertion site Irregular menstrual bleeding or spotting Headaches Mood changes Weight gain Changes in libido Emergency Contraception (Morning-After Pill) Emergency contraception, which is available without a prescription, can be used to prevent pregnancy following unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. Possible side effects of Emergency Contraception Nausea Vomiting Breast tenderness Fatigue Changes in menstrual cycle Sterilisation Surgical sterilisation methods for permanent contraception are available for both men (vasectomy) and women (tubal ligation). Possible side effects of Surgical Sterilisation Risk of surgical complications (infection, bleeding). Potential regret if future fertility is desired (reversal is not always possible or successful). Barrier Methods Condoms act as a physical barrier between sexual partners, preventing the exchange of bodily fluids, including semen and vaginal secretions, which can carry sperm and infectious microorganisms. A diaphragm is a barrier contraceptive inserted into the vagina before intercourse. Similar to a diaphragm, the cervical cap is a small silicone device that covers the cervix. The contraceptive vaginal ring is a hormonal method inserted into the vagina and replaced monthly. Possible side effects of Barrier Methods Allergic reactions to latex or spermicides (in some cases) Discomfort during sex Reduced spontaneity Natural Family Planning This method, also known as fertility awareness-based methods, involves tracking a woman’s menstrual cycle to identify fertile and infertile days. Possible Deterrents of Natural Family Planning Requires strict adherence to tracking and monitoring methods. Risk of unintended pregnancy if methods are not followed accurately. Contraceptive Patches These patches are worn on the skin and release hormones to prevent pregnancy. They are typically changed weekly. Possible side effects of contraceptive patches may include: Skin irritation at the patch site Nausea Breast tenderness Headaches Mood changes Changes in menstrual flow Spermicides These are chemical substances that are used to kill or immobilise sperm. However, their effectiveness can vary, and they are generally considered to be less reliable compared to other contraceptive methods. The typical-use effectiveness rate for spermicides is around 72% to 82%. This means that with typical use, 18 to 28 out of 100 women using spermicides for a year may become pregnant. Possible side effects of Spermicides Irritation and Allergic Reactions Increased Risk of Urinary Tract Infections “Choosing the right contraceptive method is a personal decision that depends on various factors, including your health, lifestyle, preferences, and relationship status,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “Remember that there is no one-size-fits-all contraceptive method, and what works best for one person may not be suitable for another. Be proactive in discussing your options with a healthcare provider, and don’t hesitate to ask questions until you feel confident in your choice.” The Importance of Contraception Contraception, in its various forms, has far-reaching benefits, including: Empowering Individuals and Couples: Contraception gives individuals and couples the power to decide when, how, and if they want to start or expand their families. This autonomy allows for greater control over life goals, career aspirations, and personal well-being. Promoting Women’s Health: Contraception can help regulate menstrual cycles, alleviate symptoms of conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and reduce the risk of certain reproductive cancers. Enhancing Maternal and Child Health: Family planning through contraception enables women to space their pregnancies and have healthier pregnancies and childbirth experiences. Spacing pregnancies at optimal intervals reduces the risk of maternal and infant mortality and supports the well-being of both mother and child. Preventing Unsafe Abortions: In regions with limited access to contraception, unsafe abortions are more common. Widespread use of contraception can help reduce the need for dangerous procedures, protecting the lives and health of individuals. Supporting Sustainable Population Growth: Contraception is crucial in managing population growth, particularly in regions with high birth rates. Stopping the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Some forms of contraception, such as condoms, offer dual protection by preventing both unintended pregnancies and the transmission of STIs.

January 23, 2024

Have you asked your child: ‘What’s the worst thing you have seen online?’

Devices, always connected to the internet, play a significant role in the childhood of our youngest generations. There’s so much that is good in this, and so much also that is an outright threat to their mental and emotional well-being. You might think that the worst of this is cyberbullying or exposure to pornography, but unfortunately, the internet is also awash in violent and gory, cruel and upsetting content. Many parents don’t grasp or fully consider the vastness of internet content, some of it specifically linked to children’s interests. A shocking example of this was brought to light in the latest episode of the FYI play it safe podcast, Sip the Tea. A young tween recounts how he was an ardent My Little Pony fan when he was little and how he inadvertently stumbled upon animated content showing the disturbing torture and massacre of the little ponies he loved. Years later, this childhood shock and horror is still on his mind. Rachelle Best, founder of FYI play it safe says, “When we planned the production of our Sip the Tea podcast, I knew that we were going to get some real stories about pornography and cyberbullying but I didn’t realise the full extent of exposure to the upsetting content our children have come across. I didn’t realise that the most loaded question I had to ask would be: ‘What is the worst thing you have seen online?’. Every answer I got held a shock for me, and I would have to compose myself consciously. The range, and the amount of upsetting content out there is unbelievable. The vast majority of exposure to upsetting content came from links passed onto them or from Discord servers inviting them to participate. The trouble is that once you have consumed certain content, then the algorithms take over and play a major role in feeding more and more of this extreme, upsetting content.” The Sip the Tea podcast is going ‘behind the screens’ of South African children and bringing to light the real-life experiences in their digital lives. Through skilful and sensitive guided conversations, Rachelle is succeeding in providing parents and educators not just with an expanded view and deeper insights, but also practical advice on how to improve protecting kids online. Key to this is fostering open communications between tweens, teens and the important adults in their lives. Across the wide-ranging first season of Sip the Tea, Rachelle shows that our children want to have opportunities to safely have conversations about their digital lives and their disturbing experiences. Threats of taking away their devices or being shamed for stumbling across certain content inhibit or completely shut down these opportunities. Parents need to rethink their strategies for keeping their kids safer online. Stepping away from judgement and punishment enables parents to have trusted, open conversations with their children. This presents more chances to know what your children are experiencing and gives parents more opportunities to help their children process upsetting content. The Sip the Tea episode on upsetting content is an eye-opener. When you put a device in their hands, no parents imagines that their child might see a live stream of someone committing suicide. But this happened to a South African boy when he was just thirteen years of age. The person was not a stranger – it was his best friend. Rachelle says, “Children are born curious. If you send them a link, they will click on it. Unless you talk regularly to your child about the scope of upsetting content on the internet, and unless you have a real intention to raise a responsible digital citizen, chances are high that they will be exposed to upsetting content, and they may also share it. It’s important that parents have hard conversations with their kids about what’s out there, why it is wise to avoid it and how to do that. Children are not just curious, they are also impressionable, and unfortunately, exposure to upsetting content can have long-lasting effects.” Research has shown that exposure to horror, violence, cruelty, and gore can significantly disrupt children’s well-being. Impacts include fearfulness and anxiety, sleeplessness and nightmares, trauma response and post-traumatic stress, as well as behaviour change. These may be short-term consequences, but a long-term effect may be desensitisation and diminishing of natural empathy, kindness and sensitivity to others. To learn more about the platforms that are the main sources of upsetting content, and how and why it goes viral, tune into Sip the Tea. Parents, principals, teachers, and community leaders are invited to join the free webinar Sip the Tea – unfiltered truth from our children on 14 March 2024. FYI play it safe CEO, Rachelle Best will be reviewing the findings and learnings from Season 1 of Sip the Tea and discussing social media and the apps our children are using; stranger danger and online grooming; exposure to explicit and upsetting content; and cyber bullying. Register now for the free Sip the Tea – unfiltered truth from our children webinar on Zoom: 10:00 – 11:30am Session 18:00 – 19:30pm Session You can find Sip the Tea on all major podcasting platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, and more. Episode 1 Teens and technology Episode 2 Social Media and the apps our children are using Episode 3 Stranger danger & online grooming Episode 4 Pornography Episode 5 Pornography addiction Episode 6 Gaming Episode 7 Cyber bullying Episode 8 Upsetting content For more information visit www.fyiplayitsafe.com

January 23, 2024

The GED learning path

What topic will we be covering today? We will be discussing the GED learning path through Educ8 SA. A Grade 12 alternative Recognised by SAQA (NQF 4) Flexible Affordable Self-Paced Free Placement Test Affordable Fees: Monthly subscription of R500 Package includes: Digital Lessons PDF Study Guides Bonus material and links Study tips and tricks Typing Course Students work at their own pace and schedule exams once our pre-readiness test has found students to be exam-ready. Exams are written at any Boston College nearest to your location. Exam Fees: $80 / subject Due at the time of booking Give us more information about the GED course offered The GED is a high school Grade 12 equivalency credential. Let’s give you some background…in the 1940 veterans returning to the USA after World War 2 needed to obtain academic credentials to get civilian jobs and gain access to tertiary education or training. The GED test was developed for this purpose, similar to an adult matric. It has subsequently been written by more than 17 million students in the USA and around the world, including South Africa! What subjects does GED test? The GED Test consists of four subjects which you can write on different days: Reasoning through Language Arts 150 minutes (including 10-minute breaks) Mathematical Reasoning Is GED recognised in South Africa? When you research GED you will see that many different institutions accept them widely in South Africa but also abroad, if this is the route you are looking at going. So please make contact with Educ8 SA to discuss all your GED questions. We are happy to assist. Contact Us Today! 084 685 2138 [email protected] www.educ8sa.com

January 23, 2024

HERO INSIDE – Unleash Your Imagination!

What happens when comic book heroes come to life? You get the hilarious rollercoaster ride that is Hero Inside — the latest action-packed comedy series premiering on Cartoon Network Africa! Across the city, Scott’s comic book Heroes materialises at the beck and call of their newfound owners, unleashing a whirlwind of peculiar events. In the first episode, Mike stumbles upon Scott’s scattered comics in the bustling city of San Francisco.The fun starts when Mike, engrossed in the pages of ‘Crying Man’, decides to shout the hero’s name aloud. Crying Man bursts out of the comic, and that’s just the beginning of the great adventures! From farm work to household chores and even a bit of light-hearted thievery and fisticuffs, these heroes redefine what it means to save the day. Premiere: Monday, 22 January @ 17:15 CAT ⏰ Tune in: Mondays – Fridays @ 17:15 CAT Also available on DStv Catch Up

January 22, 2024

ACTION-PACKED COMEDY ‘HERO INSIDE’ TO UNLEASH THE POWER OF IMAGINATION ON CARTOON NETWORK AFRICA

Brand-new Series to Premiere on Monday, 22 January Hold onto your capes, folks! The Hero Inside adventure begins on Monday, 22 January @ 17:15 CAT! What happens when comic book heroes come to life? You get the hilarious rollercoaster ride that is Hero Inside—the latest action-packed comedy series premiering on Cartoon Network Africa! Picture this: Cartoonist Scott vanishes into thin air, leaving behind only a treasure trove of his hand-drawn comic books. The twist? These aren’t just any comic books; they’re portals to a world of uproarious heroics! Enter 13-year-old daydreamer Mike and his eclectic crew of friends, who stumble upon Scott’s scattered comics in the bustling city of San Francisco. The fun starts when Mike, engrossed in the pages of ‘Crying Man’, decides to shout the hero’s name aloud. Lo and behold, Crying Man bursts out of the comic, and that’s just the beginning of the great adventures! Across the city, Scott’s comic book Heroes materialises at the beck and call of their newfound owners, unleashing a whirlwind of peculiar events. From farm work to household chores and even a bit of light-hearted thievery and fisticuffs, these heroes redefine what it means to save the day. Hero Inside introduces a crew of refreshingly unique, imperfect, and downright human heroes. Will you come to love these extraordinary yet flawed champions? Join Mike, his sidekick Nick, crush Lucy, and comic connoisseur Dirk O as they navigate the uproar caused by these living heroes. Each episode peels back the layers of the mystery behind Scott’s vanishing act and the origins of these not-so-average heroes. Watch Hero Inside on Mondays to Fridays @ 17:15 CAT starting on Monday, 22 January, only on Cartoon Network Africa!

January 19, 2024

SOMETIMES LESS IS MORE

SOMETIMES LESS IS MORE … Words like busy, tired, burnout, stress, overloaded and anxious are definite buzz words at the moment. These are words I am hearing about children more and more these days. When your friends and family ask how you are, is your answer “busy”? If so, then you need to read this. There is a definite trend these days to overload, not only our schedules, but also our children’s schedules. An overloaded schedule causes anxiety and tension to parents and children alike. While it is important to expose our children to different opportunities, we must be careful when it comes to taking on too much. Finding a balance between school, activities, and play can mean the difference between a well-adjusted child and a stressed-out one. School tends to focus on the academics, while extra-curricular activities allow children the opportunity to experience social interaction and teaches them skills, like perseverance and commitment. Your children are too busy when there is no time for family and friends, unstructured play and sleep. Sooner or later, children who are too busy will start showing signs of being overschedules. While every child is different, parents can look out for this list of symptoms in their child: Being tired a lot of the time Often being grumpy, or crying a lot Recurring physical problems, like headaches or sore tummies Struggling to sleep (Primary school children need 10 to 11 hours of sleep each night. Teens should average 8 to 9 hours each night.) Struggling to fit in their homework, or a drop in school results Doesn’t have any free time to do something they choose to do Long-term stress—like that from being overscheduled—can negatively impact a child’s health. Children may experience depressive symptoms, anxiety and a drop in academic results if they are too busy. As hard as it may be, parents need to take a stand when it comes to family schedules. “It’s time to take control of the family schedule before it takes control of you!” (Momology) Have you ever considered how you, as the parents are feeling? Are you tired all the time? Are you feeling agitated? Do you lose your temper easily? Do you feel like you only ever see your children when you’re driving them somewhere? If so, it’s time to relook at your family schedule. We have researched some suggestions to help you minimise busyness, which we have included below. ** Enforce family time – with all the busyness, family time often falls away. Whether it’s eating a meal together, or going for a walk, you must make family time a priority. Everyday! Eating a meal together provides parents with a wonderful opportunity to teach children manners and to teach them how to have a conversation. It also provides an irreplaceable time to have real, honest conversations with our children. Make time to play with your children. You will be amazed at how much you learn about your child when you spend time with them. Research shows that children who feel loved and secure at home, perform better at school and on the sports field. ** Put academics first – academics must always take priority over extra-curricular activities! If your child does not have enough time or energy to complete the schoolwork or to prepare for tests and exams, then it is time to cut back! ** Choose activities wisely – only sign your child up for an activity that they really want to do. Think about your child’s age, interests, abilities and personality when making these choices. If they appear to want to do everything, you can encourage them to take on a new activity when another one ends. ** Don’t over commit – parents often worry that their child will miss out if they don’t take part in as much as possible. Rather teach your children to do things properly. Two activities at a time are usually manageable. Take into consideration the number of children you have, where the activities are, driving distance and time in the car, when making these choices. If you as the parents are feeling stressed about your children’s activities, take that as an indication that they are too busy. ** Find the balance – no matter how talented your children are at any particular activity, always make sure that they have enough time to rest, do their schoolwork, and enjoy being a child. Experts are telling us to allow children to have fun! They don’t need to be an Olympic Medallist in their teens. If your children are older, you can include them in the decision of what to do now and what activities to cut out of their schedule. If your children are younger, you can do this for them. Just don’t make your child make these decisions on their own. They need your help and guidance. Children should always have at least some days in a week when they have nothing scheduled. They need free time every day! This is time when they are able to choose what they want to do. Free time doesn’t have to be spent watching TV or playing online games. Free time can be productive. Encourage your children to spend this time outside as often as possible. Being outside has wonderful health benefits, for parents and children alike. Always remember … it’s okay to say “NO!”

January 18, 2024

Returning to School After the December Holiday: A Fresh Start

The holiday season is a time for joy, celebration, and relaxation. It is a time when we can take a break from our everyday routines and spend quality time with family and friends. However, as the new year dawns, it is time to bid farewell to the festive season and return to the familiar classes of education. For many students, this transition can be challenging, but with the right mindset and a few helpful tips, returning to school after the December holiday can be a fresh start filled with opportunities. Reflect on Your Achievements As you prepare to return to school, take a moment to reflect on your accomplishments from the previous year. Think about the projects you completed, the new skills you acquired, and the challenges you overcame. This reflection can boost your confidence and remind you of your academic ability. Set Clear Goals Setting goals is a crucial part of a successful return to school. What do you want to achieve during the upcoming term? Whether it’s improving your marks, becoming more organised, or participating in extracurricular activities, clearly defined goals will provide you with a sense of purpose and direction. Get Organised Returning to school after the holidays is an excellent opportunity to get organised. Review your school supplies, textbooks, and notes. Make a list of what you need and create a plan to keep everything in order throughout the term. Staying organised can help reduce stress and increase your productivity. Re-establish a Routine During the holiday, your daily routine may have become more relaxed. It is essential to reestablish a regular schedule that includes time for homework, studying, demands of school more easily. Reach Out to Friends One of the joys of returning to school is reuniting with friends. Reconnect with your peers, share your holiday experiences, and look forward to spending time together. Supportive friendships can make the transition back to school more enjoyable. Seek Help When Needed If you are struggling with any subjects or concepts, do not hesitate to seek help. Your teachers, parents, or tutoring programmes like Kip McGrath are there to support your learning journey. Asking for help when needed is a sign of strength and determination. Stay Positive Maintaining a positive attitude is key to a successful return to school. Remember that each new term is an opportunity to learn and grow. Embrace the challenges and celebrate your achievements along the way. Returning to school after the holiday may seem daunting, but it is also a chance for a fresh start. By reflecting on your past achievements, setting clear goals, getting organised, re-establishing a routine, reaching out to friends, seeking help when needed, and staying positive, you can navigate the transition with confidence and enthusiasm. With the right mindset and a commitment to your education, the new term holds the promise of new opportunities and growth. Welcome back to school, and here’s to a successful and fulfilling year ahead!

January 17, 2024

FACTORS INFLUENCING CHILD MENTAL HEALTH AND TIPS FOR SUPPORTING THEM

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, explores factors shaping children’s and teens’ mental well-being and tips to champion their mental health. Factors Influencing The Mental Well-being of Children While we know early life experiences, including prenatal factors, infancy, and childhood, significantly influence a child’s mental health, many other things can contribute to healthy emotional development. A few factors include: Genetic Factors A child’s mental health can be influenced by their genetics and how their brain works. Each child has their genetic makeup, which can make them more or less likely to face mental health issues. While there are no genetic tests to confirm a diagnosis of a mental disorder, the chance of a child having a specific mental disorder is higher if other family members have that same mental disorder. When we understand more about a child’s genetics, we can provide better care and support. Family Environment The family environment is a critical factor in a child’s mental health. Stable and supportive family relationships provide a secure foundation. At the same time, conflict, neglect, or abuse can lead to serious mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, eating disorders, dissociative identity disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peer Relationships Peer relationships and social interactions are essential for children’s development. Positive friendships and social connections contribute to a child’s emotional resilience. In contrast, bullying or social isolation can lead to depression or anxiety. Media and Technology Use The influence of media and technology on children is a growing concern. Excessive screen time, exposure to inappropriate content and cyberbullying can lead to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, self-harming behaviour (especially for girls), alcohol and drug use and dependence, aggression, and involvement in violence or crime (especially for boys). Parents and caregivers should monitor and guide their children’s media consumption. Community and Socioeconomic Factors Community and socioeconomic factors, such as access to healthcare, economic stability, and neighbourhood safety, can impact a child’s mental health. Ensuring that children have access to essential resources and support systems is crucial. Traumatic Experiences Traumatic events like natural disasters, accidents, or violence can impact a child’s mental health. Identifying and addressing trauma through counselling and support services is essential for healing and recovery. Access to Mental Health Services Access to mental health services is critical in addressing child mental health challenges. Many children and adolescents require professional help to manage their emotional well-being effectively. Increasing access to mental health care is essential. 10 Ways to Support Your Child’s Mental Well-being Encourage children and teens to express their thoughts and emotions openly. Create a safe space where they feel heard and validated. Foster healthy relationships within your family. Teach conflict resolution, empathy, and practical communication skills. Promote a balanced approach to education that values overall well-being. Encourage extracurricular activities, hobbies, and interests beyond academics. Educate young individuals about responsible digital usage, including limiting screen time, avoiding cyberbullying, and maintaining a healthy online presence. Prioritise physical health through regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep. These habits are fundamental for both physical and mental well-being. Seek professional help when necessary. Mental health professionals can provide therapy and counselling tailored to the individual’s needs. Teach resilience-building skills, including problem-solving, stress management, and coping strategies. These skills empower children to navigate challenges effectively. Raise awareness about mental health issues and reduce stigma. Educate children and teens about the importance of seeking help when needed. Introduce mindfulness practices and relaxation techniques to reduce stress and anxiety. These skills promote emotional regulation. Engage with schools, communities, and organisations that promote mental health awareness and provide resources for support.

January 16, 2024

Choosing the Right Stem Cell Bank: Private, Government, or Community – What Parents Should Consider

Some of the earliest decisions that parents face, can be amongst the most challenging. The choices that parents must make before and after the birth of their baby can have long-term implications for their future health. These days, one of these major decisions includes whether to collect and store the cord blood and tissue of your new-borns umbilical cord and placenta during delivery. Then there is also the question about the choice of the various types of stem cell banks. There are three types and options for stem cell banks. These are: Public Stem Cell Banks In South Africa, there is no public cord blood bank available, as the government does not provide a facility for collecting and storing cord blood samples. At public stem cell banks, families can choose to donate the cord blood, but in doing so, they relinquish ownership of the sample, making it unavailable for their own or their family’s use. This absence of a public cord blood bank poses challenges for families in South Africa who may require cord blood stem cells for potentially life-saving treatments in the future. To address this limitation, families may need to explore private cord blood banking options, which come with associated costs and ongoing maintenance fees. Private banks allow individuals to store their baby’s cord blood exclusively for their own use, providing a potential source of compatible stem cells if needed. However, the availability of private cord blood banking ensures that families have an alternative for preserving cord blood in South Africa, despite the lack of a public option. Community Stem Cell Banks If individuals decide to bank their baby’s stem cells with a community bank, they will incur lower costs for registration, processing, and storage. However, the trade-off is that they do not have exclusive rights to the sample for their own family’s use. Typically, the initial banking period in such cases is limited to 10 years. Community banking of cord blood is open to everyone, meaning there is no guarantee that the donating family will be able to access these cells if they ever require them. Public and community banking operates on the principle of donation, allowing anyone in need to potentially utilize the donated stem cells if they are a compatible match. Unfortunately, if a family needs the stem cells in the future but they are no longer available to them, obtaining donor stem cells becomes a significant financial challenge. The cost of acquiring donor cells can range from R600 000 to R1 million. Additionally, the search for a suitable donor can be a time-consuming process, taking months. In cases of life-threatening diseases, this delay can be a critical obstacle for individuals and their families, leaving them with limited options. Private Stem Cell Banks Private cord blood banking offers individuals a means to ensure the future health of their family. The process involves an initial cost for the collection kit, processing of the sample, and subsequent storage fees. However, flexible payment plans are often available to accommodate varying financial circumstances. Typically, the storage period spans 20 years, and the associated fees can be paid on a monthly, annual, or upfront basis. Moreover, it is possible to extend the storage term beyond the initial 20 years. The cost of private cord blood banking should be viewed as a form of lifetime insurance for one’s family, rendering it highly affordable. By opting for this option, the stored samples remain exclusively accessible to the donor and their immediate family, ensuring immediate availability in the event of a medical treatment requirement. Additionally, there is a 25% chance that the stored samples will be an exact match for siblings with the same parents, and a 50% chance of being a match for the parents themselves. This significantly enhances the potential benefits of private cord blood banking for family members who may require stem cell treatments in the future. CryoSave is your dedicated premier private family stem cell bank. Our stem cell products are stored exclusively for your family’s use. Our ultimate focus is to ensure the highest quality service delivery and maintenance of your child’s precious stem cells.

January 16, 2024

POKÉMON SUN & MOON: ULTRA LEGENDS- Smash, Ash!

Embarking on a new adventure alongside their newfound ally and fellow Pokémon School students, Ash and Pikachu delve into the enigmatic realm of the Aether Foundation. Initially dedicated to Pokémon conservation and care, the organisation’s facade unravels, revealing hidden complexities. As innocence gives way to uncertainty, Ash and his companions unite to safeguard their cherished people and Pokémon. In the face of an unprecedented and mysterious power, they must forge alliances and confront challenges unlike anything they’ve encountered before. The journey unfolds with twists and turns, testing their bonds and resilience in Pokémon Sun & Moon: Ultra Legends. Premiere: Monday, 15 January @ 17:30 CAT ⏰ Tune in: Mondays – Fridays @ 17:30 CAT Also available on DStv Catch Up

January 15, 2024

LU & THE BALLY BUNCH- Learning with Lu

Lu is a little ladybird who just started school at Ms Shella’s Shell School in the village of Ballybug. Together with her new school friends, she explores a new world through play, music, feelings, and fun! This month, Lu upsets the other bugs when she refuses to share the ‘funniest’ role in a game, and she and Barnaby disagree about how to play with a cardboard box. Declan gets frustrated when he finds out that Lu has the same favourite thing as him, and Lu learns that she can’t be upset with someone for doing something she has also done. Premiere: Monday, 15 January @ 17:45 CAT ⏰ Tune in: Mondays – Fridays @ 17:45 CAT Also available on DStv Catch Up

January 15, 2024

UNDERSTANDING THE SYMPTOMS OF PUBERTY, PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY, AND DELAYED PUBERTY

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, explores the normal progression of puberty and the signs of precocious and delayed puberty. “Understanding the symptoms and timing of puberty, as well as recognising signs of precocious or delayed puberty, is crucial for parents, caregivers, and young individuals,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “Open communication with a healthcare provider can help address concerns and ensure that adolescents are on a healthy and developmentally appropriate path through puberty.” Understanding Puberty Puberty is the natural physical and hormonal changes that occur as children transition into adulthood. It typically begins between eight and 13 in girls and between nine and 14 in boys, although individual timelines vary. Common Signs of Puberty Include: Growth Spurts: During puberty, adolescents often experience rapid growth in height. This growth may happen over a relatively short period, leading to noticeable changes in stature. Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristics: Puberty causes the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development in girls, voice deepening in boys, and body hair growth in both genders. Body Odour and Sweat: The increased hormonal activity during puberty leads to increased sweating and body odour. Adolescents may need to start using deodorants or antiperspirants. Acne: Hormonal changes can also contribute to the development of acne. The skin may become oilier, and adolescents may experience pimples and blackheads. Menstruation in Girls: The onset of menstruation, or the first period, typically occurs around age 12 or 13 in girls. Menstrual cycles can be irregular during the early stages of puberty. Voice Changes in Boys: Boys experience voice changes during puberty, with the voice becoming more resounding as the vocal cords lengthen and thicken. Emotional Changes: Adolescents may experience mood swings, heightened emotions, and increased sensitivity as they navigate the emotional aspects of puberty. Understanding Precocious Puberty Precocious puberty occurs when puberty begins earlier than usual. In girls, this means before age eight, and in boys, before age nine. Precocious puberty occurs when there is an early activation of the body’s hormonal system responsible for the onset of puberty. Several factors can trigger this premature development, including: Central Precocious Puberty (CPP): This is the most common form of precocious puberty, often caused by the early maturation of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which release hormones that stimulate the gonads (testes in boys and ovaries in girls) prematurely. Peripheral Precocious Puberty (PPP): This less common form of precocious puberty is usually caused by abnormal hormone production outside the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Tumours, cysts, or adrenal gland disorders can lead to PPP. Idiopathic Precocious Puberty: In some cases, the cause of precocious puberty remains unknown, leading to the classification of idiopathic precocious puberty. It is thought to be related to genetic or environmental factors. Signs of Precocious Puberty Include: Breast development before age 8 in girls Mood swings and irritability Increased appetite and weight gain The start of menstruation before age nine in girls The appearance of pubic hair before age eight in girls or age nine in boys Rapid growth and a significantly increased height in a short period Deepening of the voice in boys before age nine Underlying medical conditions may cause precocious puberty; sometimes, it has no known cause. It is critical to seek medical attention as soon as possible to determine the cause and explore potential treatment options. Treatment options may include hormone therapy, psychological support, and nutritional guidance. Understanding Delayed Puberty Delayed puberty is when the onset of puberty occurs later than the typical age range. In girls, this means no signs of puberty by age 13, and in boys, no signs by age 14. Signs of Delayed Puberty Include: The absence of breast development by age 13 in girls Short stature Absence of facial hair in boys by age 14 No pubic hair growth by age 13 in girls or age 14 in boys The absence of menstruation by age 16 in girls No voice changes in boys by age 14 It is important to remember that the pace of development varies among individuals, and some children are ”late bloomers”. In some cases, however, delayed puberty may be due to genetics, chronic illness, hormonal imbalances, or nutritional deficiencies. A healthcare provider will tailor treatment solutions after addressing any underlying causes.

January 12, 2024

8 ways to cultivate creativity in schools, and at home

In times of rapid, constant transformation and with unprecedented challenges that need urgent solutions, the demand for innovation and creative thinking skills in 21st Century workplaces has never been more pronounced. As industries shift towards adaptability and agility, the ability to foster creativity in our young generations becomes an important investment in the workforce of tomorrow. Mark Anderson, principal, and co-founder of Koa Academy, underscores the pivotal role of creative thinking in today’s fast-paced world: “Education must keep pace with the rate of change we see in the world, and meaningfully reflect and address real-world needs. Adaptability and innovative solutions are already paramount across all fields of human endeavour, and therefore supporting children in developing their creative thinking skills is not just an educational ideal—it is a strategic necessity that will shape the leaders and problem solvers of the next generation. Both educators and parents play a vital role in championing learning and an upbringing that prioritises the cultivation of vital soft skills such as creativity.” Putting creativity in the spotlight requires a shift in mindset about what creativity is, and how it manifests in the modern world. “Traditionally, we have strongly associated creativity with the arts and with natural talent for artistic undertakings. From the school point of view, this means that the art classroom, the music room, the dance group or the drama club are the only places where creativity is intentionally developed. However, creativity and creative thinking are also critical components of doing Mathematics and Science. These skills are important in accounting and business studies, as well as entrepreneurship education. Alongside, busting creativity out of its narrow confines, is making it clear that creative thinking and creative skills are not innate. As far as we know so far, there’s no gene for creativity. Instead, what the research shows is that creativity is cultivated through experiences and in conducive environments. Therefore, given the right opportunities, all kids can develop creative skills.” Three ways traditional schooling inhibits creativity Assessment practices – Traditional tests and exams focus on memorisation, discouraging creative thinking by emphasising a single correct answer. Mark says, “At Koa, we are always looking for ways to enable learners to embrace ambiguity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Subject silos – Early specialisation in subjects limits creativity by compartmentalising knowledge. Mark suggests promoting interdisciplinary connections to encourage innovative thinking. Prioritising hard skills – Traditional education tends to prioritise hard skills over soft skills, such as creativity. “This is a critical shift that needs to happen in the school environment,” Mark says. “Soft skills, including creativity need to be regarded as foundational skills that need to be developed across all subjects.” 8 ways parents and teachers can nurture creativity in children Creativity exists on a continuum between generating new ideas no one has thought of before and forming new associations by finding different ways to connect existing concepts. Encourage curiosity – Foster curiosity by asking open-ended questions, engaging in debates, and exploring new knowledge and experiences. Children are born curious, yet along the path of growing up, many adults lose their sense of curiosity. Mark believes that adults rekindling their curiosity about the world can positively impact children. Embrace boredom – Allow children the space to think creatively by resisting the urge to provide instant stimulation. Boredom can be a catalyst for imaginative thinking and problem-solving. Solve problems creatively – Teach children to break down complex problems into manageable parts and creatively solve them one step at a time. Nurture passions – Support and encourage children’s interests. As they independently explore the things they are passionate about they have many opportunities to develop the soft skills associated with creativity. Reframe failure – Shift the perspective on failure from an obstacle or shameful endpoint to an invigorating opportunity for reflection and growth. Engineer the environment – Create conducive physical spaces that enhance creativity through natural light, controlled sound, and flexible, personalised tools. Intentional discipline – Structure time for creative thinking or play, treating creativity as a muscle that benefits from intentional exercise. Seek diversity – Exposure to diverse experiences helps individuals see things from different perspectives, fostering new associations and connections. Discover Koa Academy, visit www.koacademy.com

January 11, 2024

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