Health - Parenting Hub

Expert Advice from Bonitas Medical Fund

Due soon? What to include in your hospital bag

With your due date fast approaching, this is a very exciting, yet stressful time for most moms to be. Here is a great list of what to pack for the big day! Ideally, you should have your bag ready to go by 36 to 37weeks, apart from the last minute grabs such as your tooth brush and phone charger. Please see our extensive list of the essential items and also items to make you feel more comfortable for mom and baby (and dad, of course!) Baby Car seat – Many hospitals won’t let you leave without one. Please make sure you know how to strap baby properly into the seat and the seat is secure in the car. Safety first! A going home outfit: It’s important to keep baby skin to skin (this means no clothes on baby; only a nappy) for as long as possible, as this promotes growth, bonding and a calming period for you and your baby. When it’s time to go home, pack different outfits in different sizes as you don’t know how big or small baby will be. Aim for an outfit in Newborn sizes, and 0-3 months. Don’t forget a beanie or socks if the weather is cold. Blankets or Muslin wrap to keep baby nice and cosy. Bottles – If you are going into the hospital knowing you are going to bottle feed, take your bottles with. The hospital usually supplies the formula, but if you have a preferred brand, take some along. If breastfeeding doesn’t work for you, don’t stress! The nurses will provide the bottles and formula. Nappies and wipes to keep baby clean and dry. The nurses in the hospital will show you how to change baby if you are a first time mom. Mom Your medical aid information, your pre authorization/ doctors forms, your ID card and all other important documents you may need. Keep this safely in a folder all together to avoid any stress. A robe or dressing gown – This is such a handy item to have to cover up and make you feel comfortable Pyjama’s that button down at the front – If you are breastfeeding it’s a lot easier to undo the buttons than lift your top continuously. Comfortable, soft and loose pants such as lights weight shorts, stretchy leggings or sleep pants are ideal. Maternity pads and disposable breast pads. Nursing bras are also wonderful and offers great support for breastfeeding moms. Slippers or slip in shoes. Your feet may be a little swollen after delivery, so don’t feel bad leaving the hospital in the snuggest and easiest pair of shoes you can slip into. Slipper socks also work great. Cotton underwear, preferably in a dark or black colour. One that fits you well but rises above the uterus. This is good for moms who have a caesarean section and natural birth as it offers support and doesn’t cause pain along the wound site. Nipple cream – If you’re planning on breastfeeding, your nipples will be happy you are being so proactive. Toiletries – You will want to brush your hair and have a shower after baby has arrived. Take your shampoo, face cream, lotion and body wash, as well as your toothbrush and toothpaste. Deodorant, lip balm and extra hair ties are also a great items to have on hand. Cell phone charger – Because your phone will be full of photos of your new addition to your family. Water bottle and snacks. Take a reusable water bottle as its very important to keep hydrated during and post-delivery. Snack on dried fruit and wine gums to keep your sugar up and to give you energy (with permission from your midwife or doctor of course) A magazine or book, your laptop or some music. Labour may sometimes become a little long. It’s good to keep busy. Most hospitals and birthing clinics supply towels, pillows and blankets. If you have a favourite, take yours along to the hospital. A set of clothes to go home in. Your make up bag and straightener or curling iron. While you won’t be focused on looking great during labour, you may want to take some photos after the birth of your little one. Get someone to help you and make you feel good about yourself (and the great work you’ve just done!) Dad/Birthing partner Camera – Take photos! Lots of them. This is a great job for dad to do during birth. It will make them feel a lot more involved. Snacks: Another great job for dad. Full his bag with plenty of snacks and treats that you can both enjoy during your stay. Comfortable clothes – As he may be sitting with you for quite some time, let him pack some tracksuit pants, t shirts, slippers and hoodies. Extra underwear is also a winner if he is staying overnight. Chargers – For phones, laptops and cameras. The longer the wire, the better, as most plug outlets are likely to be far from you. Toiletries – He may want to freshen up during the course of your stay. Many private hospitals offer you a baby bag when you are admitted for delivery. This is a great item and will contain most, if not all baby’s toiletries such as soap and creams. If you forget something, it’s not the end of the world. The nurses may be able to help or someone can go to the shop for you. All baby ideally needs is a clean nappy, milk, and most importantly, you.

November 22, 2024

Putting together your birth plan

As you enter your third trimester you’ll have probably done a fair bit of research on the birth process (if this is your first) and may have a good idea of what you want before, during and after delivery. There are many options and opinions, from whether or not you want pain medication to how many people you would like supporting you. However, trying to keep track of your choices during labour may be tricky, which is why you’d put together a birth plan. So what exactly is it and how do you put one together? Why should I put together a birth plan? Your birth plan is your choices or preferences before, during and after labour and delivery. While things may not always go according to plan, having your preferences written down and communicated means you, your midwives and doctor have a more mutual understanding. However, if your pregnancy doesn’t go accordingly, you need to be prepared to make adjustments on the day. What should be in my birth plan? Your birth plan is how you’d like everything would go in the best-case scenario. Your birth plan will also have to take into consideration what is available at the hospital or place where you are giving birth. Some birth plans are very basic, just outlining a simple overview, whereas others may be far more detailed and in-depth. The choice is yours. Typically a birth plan will include before, during and after labour and birth preferences. Such as who you want to assist you during birth, whether or not you want any pain medication, you birthing positions, and requests for newborn care, such as skin-to-skin time. How can I learn more about the birth process? If you feel like you need to top up your birthing knowledge before putting together a plan they are a few ways you can go about this. Joining antenatal classes are a good way to learn more and to meet other women in your position. Chatting to friends or family who has been through the birthing process themselves is another good way to see what would work best for you. If you and your partner are having a baby together, keep them in the loop as well. Find out what they expect during labour and you can chat about what you want, and what role you see them playing in the process.

November 15, 2024

Premature birth – what to expect

Expecting a baby is an exciting time of your life, and you want to make sure that you do as much as you can to make sure your new child is as healthy as possible. Premature birth is something you want to try to avoid or manage as carefully as possible. In many cases the cause is unknown, and according to The World Health Organisation, one in ten babies are born preterm. A birth is considered premature when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy. The final few weeks in the womb are important to your baby’s full development, so being born prematurely can lead to longer hospital stays, short term, and long term complications. Why does it happen? Some of the more common risk factors which contribute to preterm births are having had a premature birth before, you’re pregnant with twins/multiples or you have issues with your uterus or cervix. However, often the cause of preterm birth often can’t be identified. Your health is also a factor that impacts on your likelihood to have your baby prematurely. Smoking during your pregnancy (which is not recommended), diabetes, high blood pressure (which can develop into preeclampsia) and being over or under weight are all potential premature birth causes. To try and avoid preterm birth you can talk to your doctor about any existing health issues, such as depression, diabetes or high blood pressure) before getting pregnant – this way you can manage any problems with a treatment plan. Waiting 12 months between pregnancies and eating healthy (making sure that you get the correct prenatal vitamins needed) can also help prevent premature birth. What if my baby is born preterm? If your baby is born prematurely they are at risk for long and short term complications. Many preterm babies lead completely healthy lives, however, the more premature and underdeveloped your baby is when they are born, the more likely they are to have issues. If your baby is born prematurely they may be put into a neonatal intensive care unit into an incubator. Some babies will spend longer in the unit than others, this all depends on when they are able to live without medical support.

November 8, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 40 of your pregnancy

Congratulations, you’ve reached the milestone that you’ve been counting up to from the beginning. It may feel surreal to think that 40 weeks ago you had your last period and now you’re about to welcome your new baby into your life. The third trimester of your pregnancy may have been fairly difficult, as your baby and belly take up more room, and your body adjusts to accommodate your growing little one. Your body at week 40 At week 40 your body is ready to give birth after housing and growing your baby for 9 months. So close to birth you may notice changes in your baby’s fetal movement, however, they will still be moving around, so if you notice a big decrease in movement, contact your doctor. Until birth, you’ll experience typical pregnancy symptoms, including leg cramps, back and pelvic pain, trouble sleeping and diarrhoea, which is normal close to birth. Your baby at week 40 At week 40 your baby is now full-term. When your baby is born you’ll notice that they are covered in a mixture of blood, vernix and amniotic fluid. On average, baby’s at week 40 weigh about 3,5 kg and they’ll be roughly the size of a pumpkin. Even though they are just about to be born, the lungs, liver and brain are still developing. Things to keep in mind at week 40 Labour can be overwhelming, and it’s important to remember that you can do this. While your doctor will have given you a due date, it is possible that your baby won’t arrive on the dot. So make sure that you keep aware of the signs of labour and have your birth plan, hospital bags and any additional plans ready (such as making sure you have someone to look after your other kids if you have).

November 1, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 39 of your pregnancy

You’re now one week away from week 40 – the final week of your pregnancy. Strange to think back 39 weeks, where you wouldn’t even have known you were pregnant. Lots has changed since then, and a lot will continue to change before and after birth. Your body at week 39 At this point, you’ll definitely be feeling your pregnancy. Braxton Hicks contractions, leaking colostrum from your nipples and the frequent urge to urinate may all be part of your daily life. You may be having trouble sleeping, struggling with pelvic and back pain, and your vaginal discharge may be tinged with pink or brown as the blood vessels n your cervix rupture. It is possible to be diagnosed with preeclampsia in your last weeks of pregnancy. This is high blood pressure in pregnancy and is accompanied by protein in your urine and swelling of the hands and feet. Vomiting, nausea and dizziness are also symptoms you may have preeclampsia, and if you suspect you have it you’ll need to contact your doctor right away. Your baby at week 39 Your baby is now roughly the size of a honeydew melon and is considered full term if they’re born this week. At this point, their lungs are producing surfactant so that when they take their first breath, the air sacs won’t stick together. Things you should keep in mind at week 39 You may be wondering if you can still keep doing light exercise, or what you can do to keep active during this time. Exercise in late pregnancy is still doable and is a good idea if you’re feeling up to it. Although you may be worried about damaging your growing baby, exercise during this time is beneficial as it can help strengthen your body for delivery and birth. That being said, it’s important to clarify what you plan on doing with your doctor, and focus on short, low-intensity exercises such as certain yoga and water aerobics.

October 21, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 38 of your pregnancy

There are now two weeks left of your official pregnancy span, however, there is even a chance that you may get to meet your little one sooner, as about 5% babies are born before or after their due dates. Your breathing may be feeling easier, as your baby moves lower down into your pelvis. But this can leave you with an increasingly shrinking bladder and smaller tasks that used to feel easy are now more difficult. Your body at week 38 Don’t be surprised if your nipples start leaking colostrum around this time. You may also be experiencing frequent Braxton Hicks contractions (which will be helping to prepare you for the real deal) and your nesting instincts may have kicked in, leaving you with a strong urge to clean and organise your house. Other common pregnancy symptoms at this time are frequent urination and pressure on your pelvis and hips as your baby has dropped lower into your abdomen. You may also be struggling to sleep, have swollen feet and ankles and your vaginal discharge may be tinged pink or brown. Your baby at week 38 Your little one is almost ready to meet the world! Your baby has probably shed the soft hair, lanugo, which covered their body (although some are born with patches). Although they are mostly fully developed, if born now, they will be considered early term. They are still continuing to add fat on their body, and the brain and nervous system are continually developing. Things to keep in mind at week 38 One of the questions you may have going through your mind, is how will you be sure that labour has started? Birthing classes are a good way to get to know what to expect, but if you haven’t been able to attend any of those, there are other ways to know that your baby is on its way. Your cervix will start dilating, which your doctor will be able to track in weekly check-ups. You may experience diarrhoea and during labour you’ll have frequent contractions which will grow stronger over time.

October 14, 2024

Advice from the experts

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 37 of your pregnancy

You are now in the final stretch of pregnancy, and at the end of this week you’ll only have 3 weeks left until your due date. 37 weeks ago you had your last period – a lot has changed since then! Although 40 weeks is the official length of time for pregnancy, many women give birth before or after this time. If your baby is born between week 37 and 38, they are known as early term babies. Your body at week 37 At this point in your pregnancy you may often feel tired, and this is usually made worse by the fact that you are generally getting a poor night’s sleep. Normal pregnancy symptoms are abdominal pressure, the frequent urge to urinate, a sore back and pelvis, Braxton Hicks contractions and stretch marks. Your baby at week 37 At this point almost all babies will have moved downwards into your pelvis, most commonly they will be in the cephalic presentation, which is head down, facing your spine. There are other positions that you baby can be in, such as cephalic posterior position, which is when they face outwards, or a breech position, which is feet first. If your baby is in an awkward position such as a breech, your baby may be delivered by c-section so as to minimise the risk to you and them. Things for your to keep in mind at week 37 Around week 37 of pregnancy you may start to experience the urge to organise and clean your house in preparation for your new baby. This is known as nesting and is an instinct shared with many other animals. Nesting may have you rearranging your household to make it more baby friendly and you may feel the need to limit social interactions. While this most commonly occurs when your delivery date is close, it can happen at any time during your pregnancy – or sometimes not at all.

October 7, 2024

Reimagine play – how a plush toy can help your child with anxiety

Globally anxiety among children is increasing and is a common concern among parents. With today’s fast-paced world and exposure to new challenges, one surprisingly effective simple tool proven to help alleviate a child’s anxiety is the use of plush toys. This is according to Glenn Ambrose, Country Manager for ZURU who says that these soft, comforting companions offer more than just a cuddly presence—they can serve as powerful tools to help children manage their emotions. The World Health Organisation reports that globally, one in seven 10-19-year-olds experiences a mental disorder, accounting for 13% of the global burden of disease in this age group. Depression, anxiety and behavioural disorders are among the leading causes of illness and disability among adolescents, suicide being the fourth leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. The rates of stress, fear and loneliness are much higher and they keep growing. Comforting science Research published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found that 40% of children use transitional objects, like plush toys, as a coping mechanism during stressful situations providing a tangible source of comfort that can help reduce feelings of anxiety and improve emotional regulation. A study conducted from 2016 to 2019 at The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that approximately 6 million children aged 3-17 had ADHD, 5.8 million had anxiety, 5.5 million had behaviour problems and 2.7 million had depression. According to experts, weighted plush toys can help ease these stresses and anxieties. It comes as no surprise then that 70% of young children develop connections to toys or blankets. “Weighted plush toys can help with anxiety as the gentle pressure provided by the heaviness of these toys offers a calming effect, similar to the sensation of being hugged or swaddled,” says Ambrose. “This pressure has been reported to promote relaxation and feelings of anxiety or stress.” He continues: “These weighted toys can assist in regulating sensory experiences, providing a calming effect that soothes the nervous system. In addition, these ‘toys’ have the added benefit to aid in better sleep by triggering deep touch pressure.’ The benefits of plushies Plush toys can serve as more than just temporary distractions. It has been reported that plush toys can form part of a child’s routing, which provides them with a sense of predictability. This is particularly helpful if a child is facing life changes like dealing with family transitions like divorce or starting a new school. When a child hugs their plush toy, they experience the same sensation as hugging a parent, these hugs release dopamine and serotonin which in turn releases oxytocin, the hormone associated with bonding and stress relief. These self-soothing techniques provide a physiological response that aids in a child feeling calmer and more secure. Encouraging the use of a plush toy as a comforting tool is a simple yet effective strategy. While parents should seek the advice of a professional in cases of severe anxiety, these plush toys can be an invaluable part of a broader approach. Try the New Hug-a-Lumps ZURU has launched Hug-a-Lumps with eight adorable characters weighing 1.5 kilograms each with a super soft velour plush. These giant plushies give kids and adults alike, an emotional connection of a plush with the calming effect of a big hug. “The Hug-a-Lumps weighted plush stimulates stress and anxiety while stimulating relaxation, provides emotional support, reduces cortisol with an increase in dopamine and aids in focus and concentration,” says Ambrose. “Hug-a-Lumps can be a powerful ally in helping children navigate the complexities of their emotions.” “By providing comfort, a sense of security, and a safe outlet for expressing worries, the Hug-a-Lumps companions can play a crucial role in reducing anxiety and fostering emotional resilience,” he explains. “As parents, recognising the value of such simple tools in our children’s emotional toolkit is key to helping them grow into well-adjusted, confident individuals.” Hug-a-Lumps are available at leading toy retailers at a RSP of R649 for more information visit: www.zuru.com.

October 2, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 36 of your pregnancy

Congratulations, you’ve almost made it to the last month of pregnancy. This last month you’ll likely feel both excitement and nervousness, and your belly may feel cumbersome as you go about your daily life. Your body at week 36 of pregnancy As your uterus takes up more space in your abdomen you’ll find it increasingly difficult to move with ease. This is also likely to be accompanied by an achy back and lower abdomen, leg cramps, Braxton Hicks contractions, constipation and difficulty sleeping. Your baby at week 36 of pregnancy Your baby is roughly the size of a large cabbage and is almost the weight they’ll be born at. Not only that, but they are gaining weight, looking more like the chubby baby you’ll meet at birth. Your little one’s kidney and liver are beginning to function normally, and they’ll also almost be ready to start breathing on their own. At this point your baby should have dropped lower into your pelvis, getting ready for the big day. Although this may allow you to breathe easier, it’ll put more pressure on your bladder. Things to keep in mind at week 36 Although your belly may be feeling cumbersome it’s still important that you remain active during this time (if you’re feeling up to it) – as little as 20 mins a day is likely to boost your energy levels and help ease some of your pregnancy symptoms. Exercise in the third trimester will have to be more carefully considered than before but it is possible. It’s a good idea to clear what you plan on doing with your doctor first, so that they can chat to you about any potential issues or give advice on what would be best. Walking, swim aerobics, yoga and pilates are all low impact ways to stay fit and healthy.

October 1, 2024

FOUR THINGS TO DO WITH AN EXPLOSIVE AND ANGRY CHILD OR TEEN

Before I go any further on this topic, it’s always a good idea to seek professional help with a child or teen who frequently becomes explosive and angry when told no. Keep in mind that this column is not a substitute for psychotherapy or family counselling. The advice that I offer is supplemental parent coaching that can help in many situations. The subject of today’s article is a common issue that many parents bring to me in my parent coaching practice. Generally, the child is usually anywhere from 7 to 14 years of age and often explodes at the smallest of problems, especially when they are told they can’t have or do something. The child is also likely to take out their anger on the parent or a sibling. So while you’re waiting for the appointment with your therapist regarding this problem, here are four things you can do immediately. Help them find their place in the family. A large majority of these children tend to be first born. For many years, they enjoyed being in the family ‘spotlight’ and getting all of their parents’ love and attention. But as other children joined the family, they lost their place and don’t like it. By getting angry with limits and boundaries, they found a new and inappropriate way to fit in by becoming vocal and angry. Help them regain their position as the oldest child by seeking their help, their advice, and their assistance. Find purposeful ways for them to be in charge of activities that helps with the other children, such as reading to them, teaching, or mentoring. Allow them to have a few more privileges than the others so they will feel special and valuable to you. Stop doing too much for your child. The triggers that cause the explosive episodes are sometimes over the parent trying to get the child to wake up in the morning, dressing them, controlling laundry, or getting them out of the house in the morning. If you’re trying to control the outcome of everything, stop. Some parents struggle with turning some responsibilities over to their children and many children or teens don’t like being controlled. Acknowledge good behaviour more often. It’s unfortunate that it’s normal for many parents to point out when their children aren’t doing what they should, more often than pointing out when they ARE doing something good. Make it your mission to make a bigger deal of when your children are behaving or doing as you’d like them to do. Spend more time with the explosive child. His behaviour may be his way of telling you that he doesn’t feel loved by, or important enough to, you. Schedule a date with each of your children (especially the explosive child) every week, even if it means for just a few minutes. Avoid taking him or her out to buy them something. The date should be about the experience of being together, not showering them with material things. Finally, when the anger comes out, don’t give it value by trying to stop it or by fighting back. Remain calm, stay quiet, and be ready to listen.

September 27, 2024

Nipping allergies in the bud

Spring has sprung and while most of us welcome the warmer weather and seeing blossoms on trees, carpets of wild flowers and new buds, millions of people dread this time of the year because of seasonal allergies. In fact, around 27% of the world’s population suffer with seasonal allergies twice a year – during spring and autumn. Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund, gives us the low-down on seasonal allergies: What they are, how they can impact your life, avoiding triggers, how to alleviate the symptoms and when to seek help. What are seasonal allergies? Often referred to as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, these are triggered by airborne allergens, which are tiny particles that enter the body through the respiratory system. These particles include pollen released by trees, grass and weeds, mould spores and dust mites. When these allergens enter the body, the immune system mistakenly identifies them as harmful and releases chemicals, such as histamine, to fight them off. The symptoms Symptoms can last for a few weeks to several months, depending on the severity of your allergies and the length of the pollen season. Most common are: Sneezing Runny or stuffy nose Itchy or watery eyes Coughing or throat irritation Sinus pressure and headaches Fatigue Postnasal drip Ear congestion Less common symptoms include: Headaches Shortness Of Breath Wheezing Coughing If you suffer from asthma as well as hay fever, it is very likely that the seasonal allergy may trigger an asthma attack. Dr Hadebe advises asthma sufferers to take extra precautions and to carry an asthma pump. Impacting your life ‘Whatever the cause of your seasonal allergy, it can make you feel miserable,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘Allergies can leave you feeling drained and exhausted. ‘This is usually because of disrupted sleep due to congestion and sinus issues, decreased productivity at work or school from fatigue and poor concentration, curtailed socialising by avoiding outdoor activities and compromised quality of life for those with asthma, as allergies can worsen respiratory symptoms. ‘They can cause significant discomfort, disrupt daily activities and your quality of life.’ Try over-the-counter remedies (OTC) Your pharmacist can recommend several types of non-prescription medications to help ease your allergy symptoms. Antihistamines are the first line of defence in treating seasonal allergy symptoms. They work by blocking the action of histamine Decongestants help to relieve a stuffy nose by shrinking the blood vessels in the nasal passages. However, decongestants may raise blood pressure and should be used cautiously by people with cardiovascular conditions Nasal sprays can help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and relieve congestion Eye Drops can relieve itching, redness and watery eyes Saline Nasal Irrigation. Using a saline rinse can help flush out mucus and allergens from your nose providing relief from congestion and a postnasal drip When to see a doctor While most seasonal allergies can be managed with OTC treatments, there are times when professional medical advice is needed. You should consider consulting a doctor if: Symptoms persist despite using OTC medications regularly You have breathing difficulties, particularly if you have asthma. Sinus infections or other complications develop You experience severe reactions such as hives or swelling after exposure to allergens ‘Your doctor may prescribe stronger or more personalised treatment,’ explains Dr Hadebe. ‘Immunotherapy, in particular, can provide long-term relief by gradually desensitising the immune system to allergens.’ Managing season allergies Beyond medications, there are lifestyle changes you can make to minimise your exposure to allergens and reduce symptoms: Stay indoors during high pollen counts, especially in the morning when levels tend to peak Use air purifiers with HEPA filters to remove allergens from indoor air Shower and change clothes after spending time outside to remove pollen from your body and clothes Close windows in your home and car to keep pollen from entering Monitor allergy forecasts and take preventative measures when pollen levels are high If all else fails If your seasonal allergies are really bad and nothing else seems to work, your doctor may recommend that you have skin or blood tests to find out exactly what triggers your symptoms. This can help determine what steps you need to take to identify which treatments are likely to work best for you. ‘Seasonal allergies are a common but manageable condition,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘With the right combination of OTC medications, lifestyle adjustments and, in some cases, professional medical advice, you can reduce the impact allergies have on your life. Always pay attention to your body’s response and don’t hesitate to seek medical advice if your symptoms worsen or persist, despite treatment.’

September 27, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 35 of your pregnancy

You are now 5 weeks away from your due date, should everything go according to plan. This can be both an exciting and nerve-wrecking time, especially if this is your first pregnancy and you’ve never experienced birth first hand. Your body at week 35 At week 35 you’ll probably be feeling tired and heavy – your body will probably be feeling the strain of growing a baby. Frequent urination, lower back and abdominal pain, constipation, Braxton Hicks contractions, tender breasts and trouble sleeping are all normal symptoms at this time. When your baby moves further down into your pelvis (to get ready for birth) you may notice that your shortness of breath improves. While this may help your breathing, it probably won’t help your frequent need to urinate. Your baby moving down is known as lightening or dropping. Your baby at week 35 Your baby is now roughly the size of a pineapple or melon, has lungs that are almost developed, and a brain and nervous system that are still developing. The musculoskeletal system and the circulatory system are fully developed at this point, and if your baby was born premature they will have a very good chance of survival. Babies born between 34 and 37 are called late preterm, and while they may look like a smaller full term baby there are some challenges that they’ll face being born earlier. Your baby will also start to move into position for birth around this time, moving down into your pelvis. Things to keep in mind at week 35 During the third trimester it is recommended that you go for a group B streptococcus test. Although this is a common bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, it can be harmful to newborns. If your test is negative you won’t need to do anything, however, if you are positive you’ll be given antibiotics during labour which will lower the risk of your baby contracting early-onset GBS.

September 23, 2024

Safety and sustainability from a single pool cover – the PowerPlastics Solid Safety ticks all the boxes

The PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover is the leading child safety pool cover in South Africa, favoured for its tamperproof design, overall aesthetics and its ability to create a more sustainable pool. The PVC cover is supported by batons that rest on the coping and the tension is created with ratchets, providing a complete barrier over the pool. The upside to the water being sealed off to the natural elements is that the cover also saves water, electricity and chemicals. Parts of South Africa are experiencing water shortages due to either drought or struggling infrastructure, so the need to save water is critical. A solid safety cover gives 98% water savings. And because the water is kept cleaner, the amount of chemicals and filtration needed is reduced. This could have a huge impact on alleviating load shedding if every pool was filtered less. Add these savings up month by month, coupled with safety benefits, and you will find yourself getting a lot more out of your pool – child safety as well as sustainability and a reduced carbon footprint from one pool cover, putting your mind at ease on multiple levels. This is what makes safety covers stand out when compared to other safety methods like nets and fences which still leave the water exposed to the natural elements. PowerPlastics Pool Covers first designed the PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover, which has gone on to become the bestselling cover to prevent drownings. The cover tolerates 220kg and can be semi-automated to allow for single-person use. There is no substitute for adult supervision but by using the PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover as one ‘layer of safety’, you will achieve further peace of mind as well as rescuing your household budgets. Learn more and get an instant quote on the PowerPlastics Pool Covers online store. www.powerplastics.co.za There are safety covers, and then there are safety covers. Know what you are buying. Understand compliance. Remember this is your child or pet’s life on the line here so it is perfectly OK to ask the difficult questions. A solid safety cover may seem like an easy enough cover to copy but a poor understanding of materials, installation methods and cover upkeep, coupled with lack of experience, all have a direct impact on your cover’s efficiency and longevity. When efficiency relates to lives, it can’t be more critical. If you have any reservations about a pool safety supplier, trust your instinct and go with a brand like PowerPlastics Pool Covers that has been covering pools for decades, not weeks. The questions get a lot harder after a tragedy has occurred in your pool and you are found to be non compliant with SANS 10134. The finer details of safety compliance There has been wide industry collaboration and years of research that has gone into laying out the pool safety guidelines and, in South Africa, the function is addressed by the SABS, forming part of the national building standards, specifically SANS 10134. The cover specs you need to know / the technical questions you should be asking the pool cover supplier to ensure your compliance are: Are there any gaps or openings that allow unsupervised entry? If yes, can I fit a ball of 9cm x 14cm x 30cm through the gap? (this being the size of a child’s head or torso). Can the device bear weights of up to 220 kg? (static load test). Opening test – is the cover sufficiently anchored to prevent a child gaining access to the pool water? Does rain or sprinkler water drain off so the cover is dry within 10 minutes, with no pools forming on top of the cover?

September 20, 2024

The power of dairy nutrition for active teenagers

Making sure that children get the right nutrition daily to support their healthy growth, development, and active lifestyles can be a concern for parents. This is amplified when our children participate seriously in sports, which increases the intensity and frequency of athletic demands on their bodies. Whether your child is just starting out in school sports or is showing promise as a future star, understanding sports nutrition is crucial to their performance, recovery, and overall health. The basics of sports nutrition for active kids Registered Dietitian, Rosey Lombard says, “A balanced diet is foundational to sports nutrition. However, when it comes to children who are playing sports regularly, there are several important overlays that include focused nutrition that supports performance during training and competition, as well as post-sports recovery and long-term health.” A well-rounded diet for active children includes: Carbohydrates – the primary energy source for the brain and muscles during sports. Carbohydrates could be a source of dietary fibre, and are essential for gut health. Foods like bread, rice, potatoes, fruit and vegetables provide the energy needed to prepare for and power through high-energy activities. Proteins – the building blocks necessary for muscle development, growth and repair. A varied diet that includes milk, yoghurt, cheese, chicken, fish, eggs and legumes. This typically meets a child’s daily protein needs without the need for additional supplements. Fats – vital for smooth functioning of body cells and providing concentrated energy. Healthy fats from sources like avocado, peanut butter, olive oil, and nuts can help boost the energy (kJ) content of meals without adding too much volume. Vitamins and minerals – richly found in colourful fruits and vegetables to support all systems in the body. While vitamins help support the immune system and promote overall health, minerals such as potassium and magnesium are essential for muscle function. The role of dairy in sports nutrition and recovery “Dairy products play a significant role in the diet of young athletes, says Maretha Vermaak Registered Dietitian at Rediscover Dairy, “They provide high-quality protein, which is crucial for improving performance and aiding recovery after exercise. Research shows that as little as 500 ml of milk or flavoured milk after high-intensity training has all the right ingredients to help replace, repair and grow muscle tissue that broke down during exercise. Having a recovery drink that is nutrient-rich such as milk within an hour after a workout helps your body to maintain energy levels and limits tissue breakdown, making it possible to train just as hard the next day. In addition to protein, dairy provides carbohydrates for energy; potassium, sodium, and magnesium to replace electrolytes lost through sweating, and fluid to prevent dehydration. Dairy is particularly high in calcium, a mineral that is essential to build and maintain strong bones and support muscle function.” Examples of ideal post-exercise dairy-based snacks include: Milk or flavoured milk Yoghurt or drinking yoghurt Fruit smoothies made with yoghurt and milk Cereal with milk or yoghurt Cheese sandwiches Baked potatoes with cottage cheese Tailoring nutrition to your child’s needs Every child is different, and their nutritional needs vary depending on factors such as age, intensity of activity, and personal preferences. Parents should focus on providing sufficient kilojoules to provide energy for daily functions, growth, sports performance, and recovery. Rosey advises, “One way to ensure that your child receives enough energy is by adding healthy fats to meals and snacks. Examples of this would be to add peanut butter to a smoothie or avocado to a cheese sandwich or a handful of nuts to their lunchbox. Fats contain more than double the energy per gram compared to carbohydrates or proteins, making them a dense source of calories.” Pre-training fuel and hydration – Before training, it’s crucial to fuel your child with a carbohydrate-based snack. This could be a quick smoothie, yoghurt with fruit, cereal with milk, or peanut butter and jam toast. Hydration is equally important—encourage your child to drink water or milk throughout the day to maintain optimal hydration levels. Recovery after training – After training, the goal is to replenish the energy expended and support muscle recovery. Within the first hour post exercise, ensure that your child is getting a snack that contains both carbohydrates and some protein. A good example of this would be a flavoured milk, yoghurt with fruit, or a cheese and honey sandwich. If your child doesn’t feel like eating, a smoothie or milkshake can be a good alternative to kickstart the recovery process. Rosey concludes, “For parents, sports nutrition for their kids need not be complicated, especially if you already have a strong foundation of daily balanced meals. Then it is just a matter of being aware of sufficiently meeting energy needs before sports and focusing on protein-rich snacks for recovery after sports. There’s a wide range of choice of how parents can meet the nutritional needs of their budding athletes, and luckily many dairy products are amongst kids’ favourite foods.” For more information on the benefits of dairy and sports nutrition for children, visit https://www.rediscoverdairy.co.za/sport-nutrition/ For dairy ideas and recipes join the Rediscover Dairy Facebook page: www.facebook.com/RediscoverDAIRY

September 19, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 34 of your pregnancy

You have now reached week 34 of your pregnancy. Your birth date is ticking closer and closer, it’s less than two months away now. During this week your baby may drop lower into your abdomen, getting ready for the big day. Your body in week 34 Your body may be feeling the strain of your growing baby. Your breasts are becoming fuller as you approach the final stages of your pregnancy, which could mean they are feeling tender and itchy as the skin stretches. Be sure to invest in a supportive bra to help with the discomfort. Your back and pelvis may also be feeling the strain, and this is generally accompanied by shortness of breath. Leg cramps, worry about your pregnancy and the frequent urge to use the bathroom can mean that your nights are lacking in sleep, leaving you feeling tired and drained during the day. A pregnancy pillow is one way which can help you feel more comfortable at night. Something else to keep in mind, is to be aware that your pregnancy hormones will have made your ligaments looser and muscles more relaxed, so take care when exercising so as to avoid injury. Your baby at week 34 Your little one is getting bigger, and is now roughly the size of a melon. The space inside your womb is also getting tighter, and you might see a little hand or foot pushing a bulge into the side of your belly when they kick. Things for you to keep in mind at week 34 Whether it’s a home birth or hospital that you have chosen, make sure that you feel familiar and comfortable with the process to eliminate any unexpected surprises. If you’ve chosen a hospital, make sure you know which buildings and rooms you need to be in beforehand, and make sure you know where the emergency exit is, just in case. The same goes for the prep of a home birth, ensure that you have a solid back up plan, should anything go wrong during the process.

September 16, 2024

Banishing breakouts – a safer way to zap zits for teens

The only thing worse than a bad hair day, is a bad skin day. We all know how it goes; your teen has a hangout planned with new friends or a link up with a crush, and they wake up that morning with a glaring zit on their face. As parents, we are the ones trying to help them manage their despair and find solutions so that they can face the day with confidence. It’s a somewhat cruel twist of nature that just at the time when social life, identity and appearance are most top of mind for us as humans, we are also inundated with the hormones that puberty brings. The majority of teens battle with pimples, blackheads, whiteheads and in some cases, acne for years on end. While acne should be brought to a dermatologist’s attention, they are on their own when it comes to trying to keep garden variety pimples under control. Qualified pharmacist and aromatherapist, Dorcye Sher, the founder of Aromatic Apothecary developed the formula for her Zap-Zit range to help her children when they were in their teens. Her goal was to come up with a fast-acting natural product that would not dry out the skin or lead to scarring and more outbreaks. Unsightly pimples present three main challenges – a bacterial infection, an excess of oil from the skin’s own sebaceous glands, and inflammation which causes swelling and discoloration. Pimples engender such shame that in desperation to just get rid of them, too many teens squeeze pimples as soon as they see them. While this changes the look of the blemish, it’s not actually for the better. Doryce says, “Squeezing a pimple exacerbates the inflammation in the area and causes greater and potentially long-lasting skin damage than the pimple itself. Most importantly, squeezing a pimple risks spreading the infectious bacteria over a greater area of your skin and igniting a much worse outbreak. Zap the zit, don’t squeeze it.” The beauty of an aromatherapy formula for the treatment of pimples is that the blend of essential oils does more than any one ingredient. Do an internet search and you will find that Tea Tree oil is often recommended as a seemingly stand-alone pimple treatment because it does have significant anti-infectious properties. The trouble is that Tea Tree oil should not be applied neat to the skin. It is a safe ingredient in a blend, but undiluted tea tree oil can irritate, burn and cause skin inflammation. Some people even have a mild allergic reaction to it. The formula for Zap-Zit Mini Roll-on synthesizes three essential oils, anti-infectious Tea Tree, anti-inflammatory and calming Lavender and Bergamot, which is a natural, anti-microbial astringent that gently dries up excessive oil and can help to tighten pores. Bergamot is photosensitising so it is safer to only use it in minute amounts and in a balanced aromatherapy blend such as the Zap-Zit Mini Roll-on. Parents of teens care about avoiding pimples, and it helps to have a proven strategy to deal with them. We must be aware that many products that promise to get rid of pimples and achieve that proverbial advertising-perfect ‘clear and glowing skin’ can be harsh and drying. In the short term, this might well knock a pimple back, but there is a longer-term concern. Doryce says, “Temporarily drying out your face because you have a pimple doesn’t help, it just fuels endless cycles of outbreaks. Instead, we should take the view that a pimple is a sign that we need to be restoring balance to our skin. A pimple is toxins breaking out of our skin. It’s a message from our body, and our response should be to react holistically because we achieve that ‘clear and glowing’ skin we all aspire to more effectively and consistently through sensible self-care and the restoration of balance.” How can parents help their teens with their skin care? There are healthy lifestyle factors that support a clearer skin. Parents should encourage healthy eating and make healthy foods available including plenty of vegetables and healthy fat such as olive oil and nuts. Urge your teen to limit fast foods and snacks so that they reduce their intake of sugar, refined carbs and fats. Drinking plenty of plain water every day helps to flush out toxins. Exercising is also important, and parents can help teens make a habit of washing their sweaty faces with warm water straight after physical activity. Sufficient sleep is important for every bodily system, including the skin. Give your child a Zap-Zit Mini Roll-on to keep at their bedside so it can be easily applied to clean skin before they go to bed. Here’s Doryce’s recommended daily skin care routine for teens: The hygiene factor – There are plenty of teens who are scrupulous about twice-daily face washing and still get pimples or even acne. Hormones are at play, and of course, an outbreak is not a sign of poor hygiene. That doesn’t mean they can slip up. Morning and evening, teens need to be consistent about washing their faces with a good cleanser. Target the pimples not the face – Dry and apply Zap-Zit Mini Roll-on directly on any blemishes. You can repeat this, three or four times a day. Do not use fingers to apply the remedy. The applicator is anti-infectious, and fingers are not. If you are dealing with a whitehead or swelling under the skin, use the tip of the applicator to gently massage the swelling. Don’t forget to moisturise – Make sure the skin is nourished with a good moisturiser because deliberately drying out the skin only stimulates sebaceous glands and leads to more pimples. Skin should not feel tight after the skin care routine. The normal and balanced feel of skin is soft and flexible, yet not oily. Don’t touch your face – Help your teen be mindful of the connection between the face and hands. Often unconsciously, we touch our faces repeatedly during the day. This can be amplified

September 13, 2024

Can pacifiers harm your baby’s teeth?

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, explores how pacifiers can affect your little one’s smile and how to minimise any negative oral health impacts. Pacifiers, often known as soothers or dummies, can be a lifesaver for parents trying to soothe a fussy baby. But, as with anything, there’s a time and place for them, especially when you start thinking about your baby’s oral health and the development of their deciduous teeth (milk teeth) and permanent teeth. The Pacifier: A Parent’s Best Friend Pacifiers have been around for ages, and there’s a good reason for that. They tap into a baby’s natural sucking reflex, which can be incredibly calming. They’ve been known to help babies fall asleep, reduce crying, and even offer some benefits, like reducing the risk of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) in infants. “The modern pacifier, as we know it today, began to take shape in the late 1800s,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “Over the years, inventors and designers began experimenting with safer, more hygienic materials like rubber, which was gaining popularity thanks to its durability and softness, making it ideal for an infant’s delicate mouth.” The Potential Pitfalls for Pearly White As babies grow and their teeth start to come in, parents might wonder if pacifiers can cause dental issues. The answer isn’t straightforward – it depends on a few factors, such as how often a baby uses a pacifier and for how long. Bite Problems Extended pacifier use can lead to problems like an open bite, where the front teeth don’t meet when the mouth is closed, or a crossbite, where the upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth. These issues arise from the constant pressure the pacifier exerts on the teeth and jaw. Tooth Misalignment Just like with an open bite, prolonged sucking can lead to the front teeth being pushed out of alignment, leading to what’s often called “pacifier teeth”. Changes in the Roof of the Mouth The sucking action can also affect the roof of the mouth, potentially leading to its abnormal development. Not All Doom and Gloom Before you toss all the pacifiers in the rubbish, it’s crucial to note that these potential issues typically stem from long-term use, especially beyond the age of two or three. Many children use pacifiers without any long-term effects on their teeth, particularly if they stop using them early. Guidelines for Healthy Pacifier Use To keep the pacifier from becoming a problem for your child’s dental health, consider these tips: Timing: Introduce a pacifier after breastfeeding is well-established, usually around three to four weeks of age, to avoid nipple confusion. Moderation: Use pacifiers for soothing purposes only, and try not to let your child have one in their mouth all day long. Weaning Off: Start to wean your child off the pacifier between six and 12 months old, and aim to stop its use altogether by the age of two or three. Hygiene: To prevent tooth decay, keep pacifiers clean and free of sugary substances. Don’t Dip: Avoid dipping the pacifier in sweet liquids like honey or syrup, which can lead to cavities. Orthodontic Pacifiers: Consider using orthodontic pacifiers designed to reduce the risk of dental problems. The Weaning Process: Tips and Tricks Weaning your child off a pacifier can be challenging but not impossible. Here are a few strategies to make the transition smoother: Gradual Reduction: Start by limiting pacifier use to specific times, like naps or bedtime. Comfort Alternatives: Offer other forms of comfort, such as a favourite stuffed animal or blanket. Positive Reinforcement: Praise your child for not using the pacifier and offer small rewards for pacifier-free time. The Pacifier Fairy: Some parents succeed with a “pacifier fairy” who takes the pacifier away in exchange for a small gift. When to Seek Professional Advice If you’re concerned about your child’s teeth or the impact of pacifier use, it’s always best to consult a paediatric dentist. They can offer personalised advice and help you develop a plan to ensure your child’s oral health is proper.

September 13, 2024

How to identify signs of hearing loss in babies

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, raises awareness about hearing loss in babies. Understanding Hearing Development in Babies Even before birth, babies develop their sense of hearing in the womb. By the time they are born, they can already recognise familiar voices and sounds. Babies refine their hearing abilities in the first few months of life. They should startle at loud noises, turn their heads toward sounds, and coo in response to voices. Most babies should be babbling and responding to their names by six months. “About 1 to 3 babies per 1,000 are born with hearing loss, making it one of the most common congenital conditions,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “It’s crucial to screen newborns for hearing loss shortly after birth to ensure early detection and intervention.” Certain factors can increase the likelihood of hearing loss in babies, including a family history of hearing loss, maternal infections during pregnancy (such as rubella virus or cytomegalovirus), exposure to ototoxic medications, premature birth, low birth weight, and complications during delivery. Signs of Hearing Loss in Babies While every child develops at their own pace, sure signs may indicate a potential hearing problem. Here are some red flags to watch out for: Lack of Startle Response: Babies with normal hearing typically startle at sudden loud noises. If your baby doesn’t react to loud sounds like a door slamming or a dog barking, it could be a sign of hearing loss. Limited or No Babbling: Babbling is an essential milestone in language development. Babies with hearing loss may not babble as much or at all. Pay attention to whether your baby is making vowel sounds like “ah” or “ooh” and consonant sounds like “ba” or “ma”. Lack of Response to Voices: By three months, most babies should turn their heads or react when they hear familiar voices. If your baby doesn’t respond to your voice or seems indifferent to sounds, it’s worth investigating further. Delayed Speech and Language Development: Hearing loss can significantly impact speech and language development. Suppose your baby is not meeting developmental milestones related to language, such as cooing, babbling, or saying simple words by one year. In that case, it’s important to consider hearing as a possible factor. Difficulty Locating Sounds: By six months, babies should be able to turn their heads toward sounds. If your baby consistently struggles to locate the source of sounds or only responds when they see the speaker, it could indicate hearing impairment. Inconsolable Crying: While babies cry for various reasons, persistent crying without an apparent cause could indicate frustration due to difficulty hearing or understanding the world around them. What to Do If You Suspect Hearing Loss Don’t hesitate to take action if you notice these signs or have concerns about your baby’s hearing. Early intervention is crucial for minimising the impact of hearing loss on your child’s development. Here are the steps you can take: Schedule a Hearing Screening Your paediatrician can perform a hearing screening or refer you to a paediatric audiologist for further evaluation. Many hospitals offer newborn hearing screenings shortly after birth, but additional screenings may be necessary if there are concerns. Observe Your Baby’s Reactions Consider how your baby responds to sounds and voices in different environments. Keep a diary and write down any observations or concerns you can highlight to your baby’s paediatrician. Seek Early Intervention Services If hearing loss is confirmed, your baby may benefit from early intervention services, such as speech therapy or sign language instruction. These services support your child’s development and help them thrive despite hearing challenges. Educate Yourself Take the time to educate yourself about hearing loss in babies, available treatments, and resources for support. Knowledge is power and can help you effectively advocate for your child’s needs. Connect with Support Groups Reach out to support groups or online communities for parents of children with hearing loss. Connecting with parents who have had similar situations may provide helpful advice, encouragement, and emotional support. Technological Advances Fortunately, technological advances, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, have revolutionised the treatment of hearing loss in babies. These devices can provide access to sound and help infants with hearing loss develop speech and language skills on par with their hearing peers. Let’s commit to raising awareness about the importance of early detection and intervention for hearing loss in babies. Remember, you are your baby’s best advocate. Trust your instincts, seek guidance from healthcare professionals, and embrace the journey of supporting your child’s hearing health every step of the way.

September 12, 2024

Parent’s late night worries proliferating Google searches: What are the top eight concerns?

As the world quiets down and little ones drift off to sleep, many parents find themselves in the glow of their screens, typing out their latest concerns and questions. The age of instant information has made it easy for parents to seek answers in the middle of the night. Kelly Eyre, Quality and Pedagogy Lead at Dibber International Preschools explores the top eight concerns keeping South African parents of children under six awake and offers insights and advice to ease those worries. Developmental Milestones Every parent wonders if their child is on track with their development. From the first words to taking those initial steps, concerns about whether a child is meeting milestones can be overwhelming. Parents often compare their children’s progress to others, which can fuel anxiety, especially when extended family or community members express concern. It’s crucial to remember that every child develops at their own pace, and there is a wide range of what is considered normal. However, if you’re concerned about your child’s development, it’s important to consult with professionals, including paediatricians, early childhood educators, and therapists. Teachers and managers of schools and early childhood centres can also provide valuable insights into your child’s progress and suggest activities to support their development at home. Health and Nutrition In South Africa, where access to healthcare can vary widely, parents may worry about whether their children are getting the right nutrients or are healthy. Concerns often centre around ensuring a balanced diet, understanding the importance of specific nutrients, and knowing how to handle common childhood illnesses like colds or fevers. South African parents may also face challenges related to food security and access to nutritious foods. It’s essential to offer a variety of foods and encourage healthy eating habits from an early age. Consulting with healthcare professionals, such as paediatricians and nutritionists, can provide reassurance and guidance. Understanding the local healthcare system and having access to emergency services or local clinics can also help parents manage health concerns more effectively. Education and Learning With the country’s diverse education system, parents often worry about giving their children a good start. Questions about the best early childhood education options, how to encourage a love of learning, and whether they’re doing enough at home are common. The country’s unique blend of public, private, and home-schooling options can make this decision even more complex. To support your child’s early education, consider engaging with teachers and school administrators to understand the curriculum and how you can complement learning at home. Creating a stimulating environment through educational toys, books, and interactive play can also nurture a love of learning. Remember, the goal is to foster a supportive learning environment that encourages curiosity and exploration, regardless of the formal schooling path chosen. Behavioural Issues Tantrums, picky eating, and bedtime struggles can cause sleepless nights for many parents. These common behavioural issues often lead parents to search for solutions and advice on managing these challenges without resorting to harsh discipline. Finding a balanced approach can be challenging in South Africa, where different cultural norms and parenting styles exist. Positive parenting techniques, such as using time-outs, setting clear boundaries, and offering choices, can help manage these behaviours. Understanding developmental stages and the reasons behind certain behaviours can also provide context and reduce frustration. Engaging with professionals, including paediatricians and child psychologists, can offer strategies tailored to your child’s needs. Additionally, teachers and caregivers can provide insights into your child’s behaviour in different settings and suggest consistent approaches across home and school environments. Safety Concerns In a country with diverse social and economic landscapes, safety is a top priority parents. Concerns often revolve around childproofing the home, road safety, and teaching children about stranger danger and personal safety. Given the country’s unique context, parents may also worry about neighbourhood safety, access to safe play areas, and emergency preparedness. To address these concerns, parents can take practical steps such as installing safety gates, securing hazardous items, and teaching children basic safety rules like not talking to strangers and understanding emergency contact information. Additionally, it’s beneficial to familiarize yourself with local safety resources and community support systems, including neighbourhood watches and emergency services. Schools and early childhood centres often have safety protocols in place, so engaging with teachers and administrators can also provide peace of mind and ensure consistent safety practices. Screen Time and Technology In our digital age, parents often worry about the impact of screen time on their young children. The prevalence of smartphones, tablets, and TVs has made it challenging to limit exposure, leading to concerns about the appropriate amount of screen time and its potential effects on development. South African parents may also face the challenge of balancing educational content with entertainment. Experts recommend that children under two years old should avoid screens altogether, and for older children, screen time should be limited to high-quality, educational content. Co-viewing programs with your child and discussing the content can enhance their understanding and learning experience. Encouraging other activities, such as outdoor play, reading, and creative arts, can provide a balanced approach to technology use. Schools and early childhood programs can also guide appropriate technology use, ensuring that it complements rather than dominates a child’s day. Socialisation and Friendships Parents frequently worry about their child’s social development, especially if they are shy or reserved. Common concerns include questions about making friends, attending playdates, and developing social skills. In South Africa’s culturally diverse context, parents may also consider how to expose their children to different languages and customs. Encouraging interaction with peers through playdates, preschool, and community events can help children develop social skills and build friendships. Participating in group activities, such as sports, dance, or cultural programs, can also foster social development and a sense of belonging. Parents can model positive social behaviour by demonstrating good manners, empathy, and effective communication. Additionally, teachers and early childhood educators can provide feedback on your child’s social interactions and suggest ways to support their development both in and out of the

September 12, 2024

Bring a bra – an uplifting initiative

1 in 27 South African women are at risk of breast cancer. This is an alarming statistic but, fortunately, with early detection and advanced treatment options now available, more women are surviving this disease. October is Breast Cancer Awareness month, a time to ramp up awareness and support women by encouraging and educating them about self-examination, annual clinical breast exams, and mammograms. ILoveBoobies, a well-known NGO, offers free clinical breast cancer screenings to women with limited access to health care and, as part of its awareness campaign has, once again called on women to support each other by donating their gently worn bras to women in need. The ‘collect a bra’ campaign, launched last year was a resounding success. According to Phillippa Brinkman of ILoveBoobies, the response was overwhelming. ‘As it was the first year of collecting gently-used or unwanted bras, we had no idea what to expect and, to be honest, we didn’t keep a tally of all the bras we received. All I know it that the collection boxes lined the walls of our offices as we organised and sorted them. We estimate we received in excess of 2 000 bras and are delighted to say that we have been able since then to donate a bra to every woman screened by ILoveBoobies, in the Western Cape.’ As an official mammography partner of ILoveBoobies, SCP Radiology installed bra collection boxes at all its mammography departments and encouraged patients, friends and fellow Capetonians, to donate bras of all styles and shapes. ‘Once again this year, we have collection boxes at nine of our branches and will be collecting bras until the end of October,’ explains Madelein de Wet, Clinical Operations Manager of SCP. SCP Radiology also assists patients, referred by ILoveBoobies, for either a mammogram or ultrasound. ‘We have provided imaging for women on an ongoing basis throughout the year and have also seen patients for six-month follow-up ultrasound scans,’ says de Wet. ‘We’re thrilled to be a partner with ILoveBoobies and to be able to make a meaningful difference in the lives of women who are not able to access quality healthcare easily.’ Pictured with the bra collection boxes are radiographers Anika de Vos (left) and Mikayla Perumal., who invite women to ‘bring a bra’ to any of the nine SCP branches. ILoveBoobies have additional bra collection points. For more information on the work the NGO does and how to donate a bra go to www.iloveboobies.org.za.

September 10, 2024

Mastering matric – SACAP’s guide for parents & teens

It’s that time of year when hundreds of thousands of South African matric students are facing down their final school exams. Devising a study plan and schedule and setting the scene to optimise exam preparation in weeks ahead is going to be foundational for matric success. For these digital natives though, there’s a tsunami of study tips and hacks flooding their digital platforms, and it’s important to rather turn to evidence-based advice from qualified experts. While their parents will no doubt instinctively draw on their own experience of writing matric exams, the reality is that the rapid digital transformation since then means that their teens will be navigating matric in a very different time. Both parents and students today need to tap into relevant evidence-based study advice because this is no time for experimenting with fads or trying to drag old solutions into the knowledge era. Debunking study myths, comparing study approaches based on statistics and understanding digital and AI study tools are some of the topics of conversation at the upcoming SACAP (South African College of Applied Psychology) webinar – Matric Mastery – A Guide for Students and Parents. The hour and a half session features three top SACAP experts who are leading the conversations of how parents and teens can go beyond surviving matric exam season to thrive. The SACAP webinar takes place from 10:00 – 11:30 on 14th September 2024, and registration is free to all South African parents and matric students. Jogini Packery, a qualified counselling psychologist and the Head of SACAP’s Johannesburg campus says, “A frequent misconception among parents is that more study time automatically equals better performance. While it’s natural to want your child to put in the effort, overemphasizing long hours of study without sufficient breaks can harm their performance. It’s important for parents and their matric students to be on the same page when it comes to planning matric exam time and navigating it as a team. This year’s webinar gives parents and matric students a unique opportunity to be on the same call with the experts, hearing the same advice and participating together in the Q&A. It sets the stage for mutual understanding and collaboration during the exam period which can help to define roles and expectations, to open up communications and avoid unnecessary tension and anxiety during an already stressful time.” The critical role of the parent of a Matric is one of support. It’s important for the student to take charge of their study plan and its implementation, but there’s so much that an informed parent can do to help. Jogini says, “Encourage your child to take regular breaks, get enough sleep, and maintain a healthy balance with activities they enjoy. Supporting their well-being holistically is key to their success during this critical time, and no one can play this role as well as a parent can.” Debunking study myths – has your child burned out before? Study practices like cramming and marathon study sessions often backfire, leading to fatigue, poor retention and the risk of anxiety in the exam room. On the other hand, a consistent, well-structured study routine promotes confidence, and is far more beneficial than last-minute panic. Jogini says, “In my experience, the most effective strategies for exam preparation involve a balanced approach that combines active learning techniques like practice tests, study groups and teaching others with adequate breaks, individual revision sessions and time for rest. Techniques such as the Pomodoro method can help students maintain focus and prevent burnout. It is also a way to stay goal-driven and externally motivated. “One common study myth that I often encounter is the belief that re-reading notes multiple times is the best way to absorb information. While re-reading can be helpful, it’s far more effective to engage in active recall which means testing yourself on the material or teaching it to someone else as this engages your senses to bring the work to life. This approach forces the brain to retrieve information, strengthening memory and understanding in a way that passive reading simply can’t match.” Do digital and AI study tools help or hinder? With so many different approaches to studying, it can be challenging for learners to know which methods are most effective. Educational Psychologist and SACAP lecturer, Juan-Pierre Moller will be taking the lead in the Mastering Matric webinar conversation on the topics of approaches to studying and using AI tutors to facilitate matric studies. He says, “Each unique individual should find the learning style that is connected to the most appealing domain of the multiple intelligences, to discover what is the most effective for them. There is no one-size-fits-all. However, studies recommend using a multimodal learning style to activate numerous brain regions at the same time. This will allow students to remember the most information over the long-term most effectively. Make it fun for you, make the work understandable for you and imagine how you can apply this in a real-life situation. Cognitive Learning Theory suggests that when learners are actively involved in their own learning, they retain more, so multimodal assignments are likely to create better results. Personally, I think that social media usage predisposes current adolescents to be comfortable using devices not just to socialise, but also to study. So, parents must make space for their kids learning differently from how they once approached their matric exams.” When it comes digital and AI study tools, Juan-Pierre will share a comprehensive list of what is currently available at the SACAP Matric Mastery webinar. He highlights the importance of using these tools as learning aids, not to do the work that needs to be done by the student. He says, “It’s important to learn from AI, rather than depending on it to apply the skill for you. We know that parents are concerned about AI’s impact on children and teens, but few of them have a detailed understanding of AI. So, parents need to get a grasp on the way their children use these

September 9, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 33 of your pregnancy

You now are in your thirty third week of pregnancy, and at the end of this week you’ll only have 7 more left to go (that’s just under two months!). You are probably often thinking of how your life is going to change with the newest addition to your family, and your sore and aching body serves as a constant reminder of what big changes are on their way. Your body at week 33 Your body may be feeling tired and run down. Pain and discomfort are fairly normal to you, and your body has changed significantly since week 1 of pregnancy. Common pregnancy symptoms at this time are shortness of breath, forgetfulness, constipation, heartburn, leg cramps and a sore back. Your baby at week 33 Your little one is now developing their own immune system, thanks to the antibodies being passed from you to them – enabling them to fight off germs once they are born. All five senses have developed now, and your baby can both hear and see (changes in light) in your belly. Their eyes stay open more regularly while awake and they are able to coordinate sucking and swallowing – an important skill to have once born. Things to keep in mind at week 33 You may notice that you feel irregular contractions from time to time, and these are known as Braxton Hicks contractions. However, it is a good idea to be aware of the difference between Braxton Hicks and the real deal. Braxton Hicks contractions are normally sporadic, irregular and don’t last long periods of time. These false labour pains aren’t painful and they may even stop when you change position or start doing a different activity. True labour contractions in contrast come in regular intervals and the contractions get stronger and closer together as time passes. The contractions won’t go away if you change your position and the pain from these contractions can be felt throughout your abdomen and lower back. If you go into labour before 37 weeks this is known as preterm labour. If you think you are going into preterm labour, call your doctor immediately, as they can do alot to delay your delivery. Treatment for preterm labour isn’t guaranteed to work but it can help you stay pregnant longer – and therefore increase the likelihood that your little one is born healthy and happy.

September 9, 2024

Five ways to boost your baby’s brain development during pregnancy

Pregnancy is an exciting journey, and there are simple yet effective ways to support your baby’s brain development even before they arrive. Kelly Eyre, Quality and Pedagogy Lead at Dibber International Preschools, looks at how you can nurture your little one’s growth in a natural and enjoyable way. “First and foremost, paying attention to your diet can make a big difference. Eating a balanced diet with plenty of leafy greens, whole grains, lean proteins, and fresh fruits supports both your health and your baby’s brain development. Incorporate Omega-3-rich foods like fish, nuts, and seeds into your meals, and enjoy nutritious offerings like spinach and eggs. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water is also essential, so try to avoid excessive caffeine and processed foods. “Staying active is another wonderful way to support your baby’s growth. Regular, moderate exercise, such as walking or swimming, can enhance brain development. Many South African communities offer local exercise classes for expectant mothers, making it easier to stay fit and connected. Just be sure to consult your healthcare provider to choose activities that are safe and appropriate for you. “Your baby can start hearing sounds from around 25 weeks, so talking and singing to them can be incredibly beneficial. Share stories about your day, sing traditional South African lullabies, or simply chat about what’s happening around you. This not only helps build an early bond but also stimulates your baby’s auditory development. “Managing stress is crucial, as high stress levels can impact your baby’s development. Finding ways to relax, whether through meditation, deep breathing, or spending time in nature, can make a big difference. Enjoy the stunning landscapes or spend time with loved ones to create a peaceful environment for both you and your baby. “Finally, attending regular prenatal check-ups is vital for monitoring your health and your baby’s growth. These visits provide an opportunity for you to discuss any concerns and get personalised advice from your healthcare provider. They can guide you on the best ways to support your baby’s development and ensure everything is on track. “By integrating these practices into your daily life, you’re giving your baby a strong start and creating a nurturing environment even before their first breath. Embrace this special time and enjoy the journey of preparing for your little one’s arrival.”

September 4, 2024

Understanding the Differences between Hearing Loss and Auditory Processing in Children

Hearing loss and auditory processing issues are two distinct conditions affecting children’s ability to understand and interpret sounds in their environment. While they may share some similarities, such as difficulty with speech and language development, they require different approaches to diagnosis, intervention, and management. Hearing Loss vs. Auditory Processing Disorder Hearing loss refers to a reduced ability to hear sounds and can range from mild to profound. This can be caused by various factors, including: Genetics Conditions that occur in utero Infections Exposure to loud noises Structural abnormalities in the ear Children with hearing loss may have difficulty detecting soft sounds, understanding speech, and localising where sounds are coming from. On the other hand, auditory processing disorder (APD) involves difficulty processing and interpreting auditory information in parts of the auditory system in or after the ear, despite having normal hearing sensitivity. Children with APD may struggle with tasks such as following directions, understanding speech in noisy environments, and discriminating between similar sounds. Challenges and Implications Both hearing loss and APD can impact a child’s language development, academic performance, social interactions, and overall quality of life. Without appropriate intervention, these challenges can persist into adulthood and affect various aspects of functioning. Diagnosis Diagnosing hearing loss typically involves a comprehensive diagnostic hearing test, which includes tests to assess hearing sensitivity and the type and degree of hearing loss. In contrast, diagnosing APD is more complex. Audiologists use a test battery that isolates certain skills, such as being able to separate or join sounds, being able to identify rhythm and pitch sequences, being able to associate sounds with their meanings, and being able to fill in missing information when sound is incomplete or distorted, to mention a few. Early Intervention and Management: Early intervention is crucial for children with hearing loss or APD to maximise their potential for speech and language development. For children with hearing loss, intervention may include hearing aids, cochlear implants, auditory-verbal therapy, or sign language instruction, depending on the degree and type of hearing loss. For children with APD, intervention focuses on improving auditory processing skills and compensating for deficits. This may involve auditory training exercises and auditory processing therapy with an audiologist, environmental modifications to reduce background noise, and strategies to improve listening comprehension and academic performance. Sometimes, help may extend to speech-language therapy or occupational therapy to help with skills that have been impacted by the underlying auditory processing challenges. Whether It’s Hearing Loss or APD, We Can Help While hearing loss and auditory processing disorders present unique challenges, early detection, diagnosis, and intervention are key to minimising the impact on children’s development and functioning. At NB Hearing and Balance, our team of professional audiologists can help children with hearing-related difficulties thrive and reach their full potential by implementing appropriate support and management strategies for parents, educators, and other healthcare professionals. Contact any of our Cape Town offices, conveniently located in Sea Point, Durbanville, Hout Bay, Wynberg, and Noordhoek (Fish Hoek area) on 021 203 4327.

September 3, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 32 of your pregnancy

You officially have 8 weeks until delivery, but this is likely not to be exact, as many babies aren’t born on their due dates. Your body may be feeling sore and tired, thanks to the strain your growing little one puts on you. Your body at week 32 As you get closer to delivery day, you may notice more frequent Braxton Hicks contractions, which is just your body’s way of preparing for the real-deal. Your feet and ankles may be swollen and your back and pelvis are probably taking strain. Constipation, shortness of breath, fatigue, a sore mouth and leg cramps are also all common pregnancy symptoms at this time. Look after yourself (and your baby) and don’t be afraid to ask for help or to put your feet up for some well earned rest – growing a baby is hard work! Your baby at week 32 Your little one is now roughly the size of a melon and they are practicing breathing, sucking and swallowing to prepare their body for the outside world. Your baby is also busy shedding the lanugo, which is the fine hair covering their body. Most of it will be gone by the time they are born, although some babies are born with some lanugo covering parts of their body. Your baby’s finger and toenails are also growing – you may even find them fairly long when they are born. Things to keep in mind at week 32 of your pregnancy You may be wondering how realistic your due date is, although pregnancies are 40 weeks long, as little as 5% of moms give birth on their due date. Most women give birth to their babies between week 37 and 42, although about 11% of moms-to-be deliver prematurely. If you don’t go into labour within a week of your due date, you will most likely have a nonstress test which monitors your baby’s heart rate and checks they are reacting normally to stimuli. When you hit 42 weeks, your doctor may induce labour.

September 2, 2024

What’s the deal with toxins in tampons and menstrual pads?

For the past two years, everyone’s been talking about PFAS (otherwise known as forever chemicals) in menstrual pads and now suddenly, there’s lots of talk about metals, like lead and arsenic, in tampons. Researchers evaluated levels of 16 metals (arsenic, barium, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, mercury, nickel, lead, selenium, strontium, vanadium, and zinc) in 30 tampons from 14 different brands. The metal concentrations varied by where the tampons were purchased (US vs. EU/UK), organic vs. non-organic, and store- vs. name-brand. However, they found that metals were present in all types of tampons; no category had consistently lower concentrations of all or most metals. Lead concentrations were higher in non-organic tampons but arsenic was higher in organic tampons. “Although toxic metals are ubiquitous and we are exposed to low levels at any given time, our study clearly shows that metals are also present in menstrual products, and that women might be at higher risk for exposure using these products,” said study co-author Kathrin Schilling, assistant professor at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. It’s too early to say what effect these toxins found in our menstrual products have on women’s health, since not much research has been done in this regard. Truth be told, we’re surrounded by toxins in every part of our life, from the personal hygiene products we use, including our makeup, to the implements we cook with (did you know non-stick frying pans contain forever chemicals, PFAS) to the food we eat and so much more. At Blushproof® we love following Dr Mindy Peltz who gives wonderful advice on how to detoxify our environment and our bodies. Perhaps these toxins found in the menstrual products we’ve been using aren’t bad for us (time and research will tell), but why risk it? At Blushproof® we’ve spent lots of time and effort carefully choosing our fabric suppliers to ensure that only the best fabric is used for the making of our pad that we sew into the panty. The fabric manufacturer has committed to producing fabric that is safe for you and the environment. They use no heavy metals, latex, BPA, PFOS or PFOA in their products and their manufacturing process reduces their carbon footprint and chemical waste. Blushproof® period panties are safe to use and the bamboo fabric ones are naturally thermoregulating, hypoallergenic and super comfy. There’s also no product to insert, which means much more vaginal comfort. Many of our customers state that their menstrual paid has reduced since using our period panties. Plus, less single-use disposable products in landfills also means less toxins leaching back into the earth! Again, as we said, why even risk it? Make the switch so that you can period in comfort and without worrying about being exposed to additional toxins. Start your journey to a better menstrual cycle. https://blushproof.co.za/collections/period-panties

September 2, 2024

Strokes in children and adults under 45

Strokes, often associated with older adults, can also affect young people. Understanding the causes, risk factors, symptoms and preventive measures is crucial for addressing this serious health issue. It is considered to be an early stroke if the person is younger than 45 – although not as common as older people, about 10-15% of strokes occur in children and adults under 45. Unfortunately, that number is rising. A stroke changes your life in an instant and, although survival rates are high, around two-thirds of stroke survivors live with a disability. Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive with Bonitas Medical Fund, takes a look at some of the causes and risk factors associated with strokes as well as symptoms, treatment and preventative measures. What is a stroke? There are two main causes of stroke: Ischemic (caused by a blocked artery in the brain) and haemorrhagic (related to bleeding in the brain). A stroke may strike seemingly out of nowhere but, approximately 12% of patients may have only a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini stroke up to 90 days before a full-blown stroke. TIAs may cause symptoms similar to an intense migraine when a clot temporarily blocks a blood vessel but gets dislodged. And a silent stroke? According to Harvard Medical School, ‘A silent stroke refers to a stroke that doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms. Most strokes are caused by a clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain, preventing blood and oxygen from reaching that area, resulting in brain cells dying. Depending on the location of the clot, this can cause symptoms such as weakness in an arm or leg, trouble speaking or seeing. Sometimes, the area of damage is small and occurs in a part of the brain that doesn’t control any vital functions, so the stroke remains undetected. Causes and risk factors ‘There are a number of genetic conditions that can lead to a stroke,’ explains Dr Hadebe. Hereditary conditions, such as sickle cell disease or connective tissue disorders Heart problems: Congenital heart defects, arrhythmias or infections like endocarditis Blood vessel abnormalities: Conditions like arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or aneurysms Blood clotting disorders: These can lead to the formation of blood clots that travel to the brain Infections and inflammatory conditions: Certain infections (like meningitis) or autoimmune conditions (like lupus) can cause inflammation and increase stroke risk Hormonal factors: Use of oral contraceptives, particularly in combination with smoking Trauma: Head or neck injuries can damage blood vessels, leading to a stroke He also lists some lifestyle factors that can add to the risk of having a stroke: Smoking Diabetes High cholesterol Heart disease Alcohol Obesity High blood pressure Lack of exercise Unhealthy diet Drug abuse (especially cocaine and methamphetamines) Signs and symptoms ‘The symptoms of a stroke in young people are similar to those in older adults,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘In the youngest of stroke patients, congenital heart abnormalities or heart valve problems that lead to clot formation can cause a stroke. Most important is identifying a stroke and getting medical assistance quickly, the sooner you get treatment the better your chances are of survival and making a full recovery.’ He says you need to BE FAST when remembering stroke symptoms. Balance – trouble walking, dizziness or lack of coordination Eyesight changes – trouble seeing in one or both eyes Facial drooping Arm weakness, especially on just one side Speech difficulty – confusion and trouble speaking Time to get to hospital Women may experience other seemingly unrelated signs of stroke, such as difficulty breathing, general weakness, fainting, hallucinations or nausea and vomiting. Treatment for a stroke An IV injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke. It breaks up the blood clots that block blood flow to your brain however, this type of medication must be given within 3 hours after stroke symptoms start. In cases of haemorrhagic stroke, surgery might be needed to repair blood vessel abnormalities. Recovery time Every stroke is different, the quickest recovery takes place in the days and weeks immediately afterwards but can continue for months and years. For all patients, the recovery process involves making changes in the physical, social and emotional aspects of their life. The injury to the brain can lead to widespread and long-lasting problems with rehabilitation and long-term support needed to help regain as much independence as possible. Brain exercises can help survivors regain thinking, reasoning and memory skills. Other activities include eating a heart-healthy diet, getting regular exercise and limiting alcohol consumption. Mitigating the risks A healthy lifestyle – no matter what your age – that includes regular exercise and a balanced diet can certainly reduce, if not minimise, the risk of having a stroke. Dr Hadebe says, ‘Many strokes can be prevented. Make sure you go for wellness screenings to check your blood pressure and cholesterol levels and work with your clinician to control health conditions that raise your risk. Being aware of the symptoms and following a healthy lifestyle can possibly prevent a stroke from happening in the first place.’

August 21, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 31 of your pregnancy

Your baby is getting bigger and plumper – looking more like the chubby baby you’ll expect to meet. You may be feeling a dip in your energy levels, thanks to a sore body and a less-than-ideal night’s sleep. Your body at week 31 Your breasts and belly are growing, preparing your body for birth and beyond. Your baby’s kicks may be uncomfortable (yet still a comforting reminder that everything is going well in there) and you may find yourself constantly feeling tired. A good night’s sleep may be harder to come by, so it’s important that you eat healthily and exercise as this can help your energy levels. Other common pregnancy symptoms are aching and swollen feet, a sore back, constipation, stretch marks and feeling bloated. Your baby at week 31 Your baby is now roughly the size of a coconut and their bones are slowly hardening. Their skull is soft and made up of unfused bone, so that delivery is easier and brain growth can easily be accommodated. Your little one will be moving around quite a bit at this point, and you may even start to notice some patterns in their movement. However, if you notice a sudden change or stillness in their movements, it’s important to call your doctor quickly as there may be an issue. Things to keep in mind at week 31 As your belly grows, you may find sleeping harder as it becomes more difficult to find a good position to lie in. It is recommended that you sleep on your side. In particular the left side is preferable as this allows optimal blood from the inferior vena cava and takes pressure off your organs. However, don’t worry if you lie on your right as well, whatever makes you feel most at ease. You may feel more comfortable with your knees bent and a pillow tucked between them, and you could pop a pillow under your tummy for added comfort.

August 21, 2024

The Impact of Screen Time on Children’s Physical Development

In recent years, the proliferation of digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, computers, and televisions has significantly increased the screen time of children worldwide. While these technologies offer educational and entertainment benefits, excessive screen time can negatively impact children’s physical development. This article explores how screens affect children’s eyes, brain development, and sleep. Effects on Vision Digital Eye Strain One of the most immediate physical effects of excessive screen time is digital eye strain, also known as computer vision syndrome. Symptoms include dry eyes, blurred vision, headaches, and difficulty focusing. These issues arise because children, like adults, tend to blink less frequently when staring at screens, leading to dry eyes and discomfort. Moreover, prolonged focusing on screens can strain the eye muscles, causing fatigue. Myopia (Nearsightedness) There is growing concern about the link between screen time and the increasing prevalence of myopia among children. Research suggests that prolonged near work activities, such as reading or using digital devices, may contribute to the development and progression of myopia. A study published in the journal Ophthalmology found that the prevalence of myopia has increased significantly over the past few decades, partly due to lifestyle changes that include more screen time and less time spent outdoors. Outdoor playtime is crucial for eye health, as exposure to natural light and the opportunity to focus on distant objects can help prevent myopia. Encouraging children to take regular breaks from screens and spend time outside can be beneficial in mitigating this risk. Impact on Brain Development Cognitive Development Screen time can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive development, depending on the content and duration of exposure. Educational programs and interactive apps can support learning and skill development. However, excessive or inappropriate screen time can hinder cognitive growth. Studies indicate that children who spend too much time on screens may have difficulty developing critical cognitive skills, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving. The rapid shifts in attention required by fast-paced video games and shows can lead to shortened attention spans and reduced ability to concentrate on tasks that require sustained focus. Social and Emotional Development Excessive screen time can also affect social and emotional development. Children who spend significant time on screens may miss out on important face-to-face interactions with family and peers, which are crucial for developing social skills, empathy, and emotional regulation. Furthermore, exposure to inappropriate content or excessive use of social media can lead to increased anxiety, depression, and a distorted self-image. Effects on Sleep Disruption of Sleep Patterns One of the most well-documented effects of screen time on children’s physical development is its impact on sleep. The blue light emitted by screens interferes with the production of melatonin, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles. This disruption can lead to difficulty falling asleep, reduced sleep quality, and shorter sleep duration. A study published in the journal Pediatrics found that children with more screen time, especially in the evening, were more likely to experience sleep problems. These issues can have cascading effects on physical health, cognitive function, and emotional well-being. Sleep Deprivation and Its Consequences Sleep deprivation in children can result in various negative outcomes, including impaired academic performance, mood disturbances, and a weakened immune system. Lack of sleep can also contribute to obesity, as it affects hormones that regulate hunger and appetite. Ensuring that children have a consistent bedtime routine and limiting screen time, particularly before bed, can help promote better sleep hygiene. Strategies for Managing Screen Time Given the potential negative impacts of excessive screen time on children’s physical development, it is crucial for parents and caregivers to implement strategies to manage screen use effectively. Here are some recommendations: Set Limits: Establish clear guidelines for screen time, ensuring that it is balanced with other activities such as outdoor play, reading, and family interactions. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children aged 6 and older have consistent limits on the time spent using media, while children younger than 6 should have no more than one hour of high-quality programming per day. Encourage Outdoor Activities: Promote outdoor play and physical activities to support overall health and reduce the risk of myopia. Time spent outside allows children to engage in physical exercise, socialize with peers, and experience natural light, all of which are beneficial for physical and mental well-being. Create Tech-Free Zones: Designate certain areas in the home, such as the dining room and bedrooms, as tech-free zones to encourage family interactions and promote healthy sleep habits. Model Healthy Habits: Parents and caregivers should model responsible screen use, demonstrating balanced media habits and prioritizing face-to-face interactions. Choose Educational Content: Select age-appropriate, educational content that supports learning and development. Co-viewing programs and engaging with children about the content can enhance the learning experience and provide opportunities for discussion. Monitor and Discuss Content: Be aware of the content children are exposed to and engage in open conversations about what they see and how it affects them. This can help children develop critical thinking skills and understand the impact of media on their thoughts and emotions. While screens are an integral part of modern life, it is essential to be mindful of their impact on children’s physical development. By understanding the potential risks associated with excessive screen time and implementing strategies to manage screen use, parents and caregivers can help support healthy growth and development. Encouraging a balanced approach to screen time, combined with outdoor play and face-to-face interactions, can promote children’s physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being in the digital age.

August 16, 2024

The lowdown on diabetes in children and teenagers

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children can be overwhelming, especially in the beginning. Suddenly you and your child – depending on your child’s age – must learn how to count carbohydrates and monitor blood sugar levels and give injections. But even though there is no cure, it can be managed. Diabetes is a chronic disease, characterised by high levels of blood glucose. ‘In type 1 diabetes your immune system, the body’s system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas,’ explains Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. ‘It can lead to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. However, advances in blood sugar monitoring and the delivery of insulin have improved blood sugar management and quality of life for children with type 1 diabetes.’ Statistics currently show that there are close to 5 000 adolescents that live with Type 1 diabetes in South Africa. Type 1 diabetes can be either: Hyperglycaemia: When your blood sugar levels are too high. It is the hallmark of diabetes onset and it usually continues to occur on and off after you start treatment Hypoglycaemia: Sugar levels are too low. This usually occurs as the result of diabetes treatment, particularly insulin administration which lowers blood sugar How does diabetes in children and adolescents start? It can come on suddenly or gradually in children and teens and parents often aren’t aware of the symptoms or patterns that point to a potential diabetes diagnosis. Symptoms may be similar to those of flu but, if diabetes is the cause, the sooner it’s diagnosed, the better. Symptoms of Hyperglycaemia: High blood sugar Increased hunger The body’s cells are not able to utilise glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin or insulin resistance, leading to a craving for more food. Dry mouth: A dry mouth is one of the most common symptoms which can cause trouble chewing, swallowing or speaking, dry cracked lips, sores or infections in the mouth or a furry, dry tongue Frequent urination (especially at night): Excess glucose in the blood spills into the urine, drawing water with it and increasing the frequency of urination. This in turn increases thirst Weight loss: Despite increased food intake, the body starts breaking down fat and muscle for energy, due to the lack of insulin Fatigue: The body’s cells cannot use glucose for energy efficiently, leading to feelings of tiredness and fatigue Blurry vision: High sugar levels in the blood can damage the tiny blood vessels in the eyes, causing fluid to seep into the lens, potentially causing blurry vision Slow-healing sores or frequent infections: Over time, high blood sugar levels narrow your blood vessels, slowing blood circulation and restricting much needed nutrients and oxygen from getting to the wounds. As a result, even small cuts and wounds may take weeks or months to heal Fruity-smelling breath: The breakdown of fat for energy produces ketones, which can cause a fruity smell in the breath Ketoacidosis: This is when blood sugar levels are very high and the body starts making ketones. It is a very serious condition that needs immediate in hospital treatment, sometimes in the intensive care unit. If not treated right away, there is a risk for diabetic coma. A child with a diabetic coma loses consciousness because of brain swelling due to very high blood sugar levels Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia: Low blood sugar Trembling: Low blood sugar levels trigger the release of adrenaline, which causes shakiness Sweating: The body’s response to low blood sugar includes releasing adrenaline, which can cause sweating Hunger: The brain detects low blood sugar and signals the body to eat Irritability or moodiness: Low blood sugar levels can affect brain function, leading to mood changes Fatigue: The brain and muscles are deprived of glucose, leading to feelings of tiredness Paleness: The body’s stress response to low blood sugar can cause blood vessels to constrict, leading to paleness Headaches: The brain is sensitive to changes in blood sugar levels, low levels can cause headaches How is type 1 diabetes treated? A daily dose of insulin is needed to keep the blood glucose level within normal ranges. Insulin is given either by injection or via an insulin pump. Your child’s healthcare provider will show you how to give your child insulin with either method. Dr Hadebe says, ‘to make it easier for children and adolescents to monitor glucose levels and administer insulin the Scheme offers Insulin Pump Therapy and Continuous Glucose Infusion Monitoring device (CGM) to members under the age of 18.’ Eating the right foods to manage blood glucose levels. This includes timing meals and counting carbohydrates Exercise Regular blood testing Regular urine testing for ketone levels How can I help my child live with type 1 diabetes? The diagnosis affects the entire family emotionally – there are various support groups and organisations for children with Type 1 diabetes and their families. A younger child may not understand all the life changes, such as glucose monitoring and insulin injections, this can lead to anxiety and depression. They may feel different from their peers, try to treat them as a normal child, with managing diabetes as just one aspect of their daily life. Ask your healthcare provider for more information and call them if you need help. Also ensure they are following the treatment plan and are eating the right foods, exercising and testing their blood and urine. Early detection and comprehensive management are key to ensuring children with Type 1 diabetes lead healthy, fulfilling lives. Remember that your GP is your first port of call for all your healthcare needs.

August 15, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 30 of your pregnancy

You now officially have ten weeks left of your pregnancy, this can be both an exciting and overwhelming realisation, and feelings of anxiety during this time are normal. Your little one’s kicks and growing baby bump are reminders that your due date is increasingly getting closer. Your body at week 30 Your back and feet may be increasingly getting more painful as your baby grows in size. Swollen ankles and feet are normal, so remember to give yourself some time to put your feet up and invest in some comfortable footwear. Bloating, constipation and stretch marks are normal at this point in your pregnancy. The fatigue you felt in your first trimester may be returning. You could be struggling to sleep at night, which will leave you feeling drained during the day. Don’t be afraid to ask for help at this time, you’ll need extra hands now and after your baby has been born. Your baby at week 30 As your delivery date grows closer, your baby is constantly growing in size, and at this point she is roughly the size of a cabbage. Your little one is also prepping for the big day and they should have (or will be soon) changed position, facing head down with their face towards your back (known as the occipito-anterior position) – ready to enter the pelvis. This is the ideal position for birth, however it is possible for your baby to be lying another way inside you. Some babies will only turn this way closer to your due date. Things to keep in mind at week 30 It’s normal to feel anxious about your approaching delivery. Going to antenatal or birth classes can help you feel more prepared for what is to come. Do exercises that can help you prepare your body for what it will go though, certain yoga and pilates positions can strengthen your muscles and help make the process quicker and smoother. If you find that your anxiety is overwhelming, chat to a health professional, as you may be experiencing antenatal anxiety. This is nothing to be ashamed about, and is something that can be managed with the help of professionals.

August 14, 2024

How Tissue Salts Can Help During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is an incredible journey, but it can come with a few annoying discomforts, especially when we’re having babies later in life. Natura Tissue Salts can help alleviate some common issues associated with pregnancy, making the experience more comfortable and enjoyable. The Benefits of Tissue Salts Our bodies, which might have breezed through pregnancy in our 20s, face new challenges as we enter our 30s and 40s. Our skin’s elasticity decreases, making us more prone to stretch marks and other little joys. But don’t worry, there’s hope with tissue salts! Tissue salts, like those offered by Natura, are biochemic remedies that address various health concerns. Developed in the 19th century by Dr Wilhelm Schuessler, tissue salts encompass 12 essential minerals necessary for proper cell function and health. These mineral-based supplements help maintain and restore the elasticity of our skin and connective tissues. Calc Fluor: Your Skin’s Best Friend Meet Tissue Salt #1, Calc Fluor. It helps keep skin and connective tissues elastic, which is crucial during pregnancy as your skin stretches to accommodate your growing baby. Start taking Calc Fluor as soon as possible, or, if you can, before you’re even pregnant, to help reduce the formation of stretch marks and keep your skin healthy and happy. Tackling Haemorrhoids Stretch marks aren’t the only issue pregnant women may encounter. Haemorrhoids can be a real pain in the, well, you know… In your last trimester, your body ramps up progesterone, slowing down the contractions of your uterus and, unfortunately, your colon. This slow-down can cause constipation, leading to haemorrhoids. Calc Fluor can help strengthen blood vessel walls, reducing the likelihood of developing haemorrhoids. Fighting Colds and Sniffles Lastly, let’s talk about colds and sniffles. Being pregnant seems to make you a magnet for them, especially if you’re around runny noses. Many over-the-counter meds are off-limits, which can be frustrating. Enter Tissue Salt #4, Ferrum Phos. It supports your immune system and reduces inflammation, helping fight off infections. By taking Ferrum Phos at the onset of symptoms, you can reduce the severity and duration of colds and sore throats. How to Incorporate Tissue Salts Into Your Routine Tissue salts are gentle, non-toxic, and have no known side effects, making them an excellent choice for pregnant women. Dissolve the tablets under your tongue for best results. To support skin elasticity and prevent stretch marks, take Calc Fluor twice daily throughout your pregnancy and for a few months afterward. Increase the dosage to three times a day for haemorrhoids, stay active hydrated, and consume a fibre-rich diet. Just a heads-up: Natura Tissue Salts are made with a lactose base, so if you’re sensitive to lactose, it’s a good idea to consult with your health professional before starting them. When you feel the onset of a cold or sore throat, take Ferrum Phos every 15 minutes until symptoms subside. You can also take it as a preventive measure if you’re exposed to others who are sick. For further information on the Natura Tissue salts range, please visit the Natura website https://natura.co.za/natura-best-of-the-best/tissue-salts-range/. If you have any queries, or need advice on which Tissue salts to use, please send an email to: hello@natura.co.za. Follow Natura on our socials: Facebook, Instagram and TikTok.

August 12, 2024

Nighttime tricks to help your child sleep when sick

As parents, we know how challenging it can be when our little one battles with colds and flu. Disrupted sleep, nasal congestion, and discomfort can make nights feel endless. Not only is your little one suffering the symptoms of being congested, but as parents we are also trying to navigate exhaustion and stress while being their cold fighting “heroes”. “A child who can’t sleep at night because they can’t breathe properly due to a blocked nose will become frustrated and irritated, and nothing you do will seem good enough,” explains Bronwyn Ragavan, brand manager for Karvol. “Rest and sleep are needed when a child is sick and will help them feel better quicker. This is why it is important to know how to help your child sleep soundly while sick – for the both of you.” When your baby has a cold or the flu, their sleep patterns may go haywire. Expect some sleepless nights and be prepared to adjust routines. Ragavan suggests trying the following sleep assisting strategies to help your baby sleep at night, and help them feel better at the same time: Be there for your baby. Parenting isn’t about perfection, it’s about presence. When your child is feeling under the weather, comforting them and being there while they are trying to fall asleep is a great relief. Also, don’t panic when sleep training goes out the window. It is more important to help your baby feel better than to stick to a schedule. If your child is congested, Karvol inhalation capsules can be used in two ways to provide double impact when dealing with a blocked nose. Steaming with Karvol before going to sleep will open your baby’s nasal passages, especially when followed with a few drops of Karvol on their pillows while they sleep. Karvol’s ingredients, eucalyptus, camphor, thymol, lavender and menthol, when released actively work together to help with the symptoms of congestion, providing easy breathing and a clear head. Just as when adults are sick, children must also be kept well-hydrated. A child can become dehydrated quickly while sick which will impact their healing. Depending on your child’s age, warm tea can soothe a sore throat. When a child is coughing, it can get worse at night when lying on their backs. A humidifier in their room, can help keep the air moist and allow to breathe a little easier. If your child is not eating during the day, try and give them some nourishment at night. A full tummy can also help them sleep better. Don’t wake your child while they are sleeping, even if they are not following their usual routine. Being sick, your child will want to sleep more – so let them. Sleep will help them get better quicker. Don’t ignore a fever. If your child has a fever and you can’t lower it, seek medical attention. A sick child needs comfort, and providing them with TLC while implementing cold and flu remedies is a winning combination that they will appreciate and help them start feeling like their healthy selves.

August 7, 2024

Letibalm nose and lip repair your family’s must-have winter essential

Letibalm Nose & Lip Repair is a winter essential for the whole family, formulated with gentle, active ingredients to protect and soothe the delicate skin around the nose and lips. Dry air, cold weather, allergies, colds and ‘flu can leave your nose and lips chapped, red and inflamed. Frequently wiping a runny nose adds to the irritation. Letibalm helps to restore the skin barrier, soothes inflammation and forms a protective layer to help prevent further chapping. Letibalm Nose & Lip Repair balm and fluid are suitable for adults and children three years and older. Letibalm Paediatric is safe to use from birth. Find Letibalm at Dis-Chem, selected Checkers, pharmacies and retailers for a recommended retail price of R109 (10ml tube or jar). To shop online, or for additional product details and stockists visit Ivohealth

August 7, 2024

Quick tips for a safe pool

So you have a pool and you have small kids that you watch like hawks when outside. But do you really have total peace of mind? Could you get there in time if your toddler made it out to the pool while you were distracted for a moment? Drownings happen in seconds. To lower the statistics pool safety is now regulated by way of SANS 10134 – the recommended Standard for swimming pools. It is every home owner’s duty to understand and comply with this much-needed pool safety regulation. Quick tips for a safe pool: Cover the pool with the PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover as soon as swimming is over. Always have an adult supervising. Use the Safety Monitor tag from PowerPlastics Pool Covers and request the free child drowning prevention guide. www.powerplastics.co.za Know what drowning looks like. It really isn’t like in movies with splashing and loud calls for help. In a drowning, the child can be upright and look like he/she is just treading water. Start CPR as soon as you find the child and don’t stop until paramedics get there. Always use a SABS-compliant safety cover such as the PowerPlastics Solid Safety Cover, which comes with certification. Thermal pool covers or ‘bubble’ covers that lie directly on the water should never be considered as child safety pool covers as they do not bear weight. Request a quote today or shop online. www.powerplastics.co.za info@powerplastics.co.za

August 6, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 29 of your pregnancy

Week 29 of your pregnancy and you may notice that your body is taking more strain. Be mindful of this and don’t be afraid to take it easy if needed. Make sure that you’re still eating healthily (and remembering to take your prenatal vitamins) and exercising gently, both are important to your health as well as your growing baby’s. Your body at week 29 You are now entering the last phase of your pregnancy, and because of this you may find this very challenging, both physically and mentally. Your back, pelvis and feet are probably aching, and you’ll experience constipation, frequent urination and shortness of breath. Your baby at week 29 Your baby is now filling more of your womb, this means that any kicks, which used to be soft and barely notable, may feel more like hard pokes now. Your little one is also growing rapidly, and will probably have doubled in weight before birth. At this point many of their organs are almost fully developed, meaning they have a good chance of survival if born premature. That being said, their lungs still have lots of developing to do, which is why preemies need help breathing via a ventilator. Things to remember If you haven’t already, start planning your maternity leave. In South Africa, moms are entitled to four months of unpaid leave. If you’re still feeling able to work, you’ll probably want to keep most of your leave for after birth, so that you can spend as much time with your growing baby as possible. Generally speaking, maternity leave begins about a month before birth – and the good news is dads are now entitled to 10 consecutive days of parental leave. Your employer is obliged to keep your job for you until you return from leave, so you won’t have to worry about losing your job.

August 5, 2024

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