Parenting - Parenting Hub

Advice from the experts

Breaking Barriers: Helping Your Child Shine

Every child is a little star with their own way of learning and growing. But sometimes, those learning journeys come with a few speed bumps, and that’s perfectly okay! Whether your child is finding it tricky to focus, struggling to read, or facing sensory challenges, recognising these hurdles is the first step to supporting them. What Are Barriers to Learning? Barriers to learning can show up in lots of ways. Maybe your child has ADHD, dyslexia, or struggles with numbers (dyscalculia). Perhaps they face sensory challenges like hearing loss or a visual impairment. Emotional hurdles, like anxiety or attachment issues, can also make focusing a bit harder. For some children, conditions like autism or foetal alcohol syndrome call for extra-special strategies to help them succeed. But here’s the thing: these challenges don’t define your child! With a bit of understanding and the right tools, they can absolutely thrive. Small Changes, Big Differences Supporting your child doesn’t have to mean massive changes. Sometimes, it’s the little things that make the biggest difference—like adding a quiet corner at home, trying a new way to explain a tricky concept, or working with their teacher to adjust classroom strategies. Finding help can sometimes be challenging. At Twinkl, we believe every child deserves to feel confident and capable. That’s why we’ve put together resources to help parents and teachers work through barriers to learning. You’re not alone on this journey! Twinkl’s resources are here to help you every step of the way. Whether you’re looking for advice about ADHD, dyslexia, or even anxiety, we’ve got booklets packed with practical tips and ideas. How Twinkl Can Help We know that supporting children with different needs can sometimes feel overwhelming. That’s why we created the Barriers to Learning Information Booklet Series—a collection of handy, easy-to-read guides made especially for South African parents and teachers. Here’s what you’ll find in these booklets: These booklets are your go-to guide for creating an inclusive and supportive environment where every child feels seen, heard, and valued. Let’s Break Barriers Together At the heart of it all, we just want children to feel confident, happy, and ready to take on the world. Together, we can create a learning environment that celebrates every child’s uniqueness. So, why wait? Head over to Twinkl and check out our Barriers to Learning series. Let’s work together to help every child shine bright and feel unstoppable!

March 7, 2025

Toddler Tantrums 101: How to Handle Meltdowns Like a Pro

Parenting a toddler is a wild ride, filled with joys and challenges. One moment they’re cuddly and sweet, and the next, they’re throwing themselves on the floor in a full-blown tantrum. While toddler tantrums can feel like a test of patience, they are a normal and healthy part of child development. Understanding why they happen and how to handle them can make all the difference in keeping both you and your little one calm. Here’s a guide on how to navigate those meltdowns like a pro. Why Do Toddlers Have Tantrums? Tantrums are a natural part of toddlerhood, typically occurring between the ages of 1 and 4. At this stage, toddlers are developing their emotional regulation, but they still lack the vocabulary to express their feelings and needs effectively. Frustration, hunger, tiredness, or even overstimulation can lead to a meltdown. Some common triggers include: Understanding that tantrums are often a sign of your toddler’s developmental progress can help you stay patient and empathetic. 1. Stay Calm The first step to handling a toddler tantrum is to stay calm yourself. While it’s completely natural to feel frustrated or embarrassed when your child is acting out, responding with anger or frustration will only escalate the situation. Take a deep breath and try to maintain a neutral tone. The calmer you are, the more likely your child will follow your lead. 2. Acknowledge Their Feelings Instead of dismissing your child’s emotions, acknowledge them. Toddlers don’t have the language skills to explain how they’re feeling, so validating their emotions can help them feel heard. For example, saying something like, “I can see you’re really upset because we have to leave the park,” helps your child feel understood. This emotional recognition can sometimes help de-escalate the situation, as toddlers often just need to feel validated. 3. Give Them Space Sometimes, toddlers need a little space to work through their emotions. If they’re having a meltdown and not in any immediate danger, step back and give them a moment. Letting them have their space can allow them to express themselves without feeling smothered or controlled. However, be sure to stay close by, as toddlers need to feel secure. 4. Distract or Redirect Redirection can be an effective strategy to interrupt a tantrum. Toddlers have short attention spans, so shifting their focus to something else can help break the cycle of frustration. Try to gently introduce a new activity, toy, or game to engage their interest. For instance, if they’re upset about leaving the park, suggest a fun activity at home that they enjoy, such as reading a favourite book or playing with a toy. 5. Set Clear Boundaries Consistency is key in managing tantrums. While it’s important to empathise with your child’s emotions, it’s also essential to set clear and consistent boundaries. If the tantrum is over something like not being allowed to have a certain snack or play with a forbidden object, stick to your decision. Giving in to the tantrum may reinforce the behaviour and lead to more meltdowns in the future. 6. Offer Comfort, Not a Reward While it’s important to comfort your child after a tantrum, try not to reward the behaviour. Giving in to their demands (such as offering a sweet treat or toy to stop the tantrum) can teach them that throwing a tantrum is an effective way to get what they want. Instead, focus on comfort through soothing words or physical affection like a hug, once they’ve calmed down. 7. Teach Emotional Regulation As toddlers mature, they begin to develop better emotional regulation skills. You can help foster this development by teaching your child how to express their feelings with words. Introduce simple phrases like “I feel angry” or “I need help” to encourage communication. Over time, this can help reduce the frequency and intensity of tantrums as they learn healthier ways to deal with their emotions. 8. Know When to Seek Help If your child’s tantrums are extreme, frequent, or last for an extended period, it may be worth discussing the behaviour with a paediatrician. While tantrums are normal, excessive or violent outbursts could indicate underlying issues like a developmental delay, sensory processing challenges, or emotional distress. A healthcare professional can offer guidance and support. Conclusion Handling toddler tantrums is one of the most challenging aspects of parenting, but with patience, understanding, and consistency, you can manage these meltdowns like a pro. Remember that tantrums are a phase that will pass as your child learns to navigate their emotions. By staying calm, acknowledging their feelings, and setting boundaries, you’ll not only help your toddler through the tough moments but also equip them with tools to handle their emotions as they grow. Sources:

March 7, 2025

Integrated Learning: Where Wellness and Learning Meet

Learning is about creating understanding, building confidence, and developing a lifelong ability to engage with the world – not just memorising and learning facts. But for true healthy learning to occur, we need more than just information. We need wellness. This is where integrated learning comes in—a whole-person approach that recognises the deep connection between emotional wellbeing, cognitive function, whole-person wellness, and academic success. Instead of treating learning difficulties or focusing on performance, we create an environment fostering health, resilience, and meaningful engagement. Play Learn Develop – Hug in a Bag (Whale) Why Learning Needs Wellness A salutogenic approach to learning asks: How do we create health? Instead of focusing on what’s wrong or what’s missing, we look at how we can add to a learner’s experience—supporting them in ways that strengthen their confidence, emotional regulation, and ability to process and retain information. We focus on how their strengths can build up the person, but also address their challenges. When we integrate wellness into learning, we see: Bringing Learning & Wellness Together Integrated learning is not a one-size-fits-all model. It’s about meeting each learner where they are (their current capabilities) and creating strategies that work for their unique strengths, challenges, and needs. Effective and integrated learning is for all individuals as it provides space for everyone to reach their potential. Some key elements of this approach include: Creating Lasting Change When wellness is prioritised within learning, the experience is shifted from stress and frustration to growth, resilience, and meaningful progress. It’s not just about getting through school; it’s about creating a strong foundation for lifelong learning and wellbeing. Learning should feel safe, supported, and rewarding. By embracing a whole-person, integrative approach, learners are empowered to thrive.

March 6, 2025

The Power of Positive Parenting: How Encouragement Shapes a Child’s Future

Parenting is one of the most significant influences on a child’s emotional and cognitive development. While every parent wants the best for their child, the methods used to nurture and guide them can have a lasting impact on their future. Positive parenting, which focuses on encouragement, empathy, and respect, has been shown to foster confidence, resilience, and overall well-being in children. What is Positive Parenting? Positive parenting is a philosophy that emphasises nurturing and guiding children through support rather than punishment. It encourages open communication, mutual respect, and teaching through example. Instead of using fear or strict discipline, positive parenting focuses on reinforcing good behaviour and building strong emotional connections between parents and children. According to research from the American Psychological Association, children who grow up in a supportive and encouraging environment tend to develop better problem-solving skills, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem. The Impact of Encouragement on a Child’s Development Encouragement plays a crucial role in shaping a child’s mindset and self-worth. When children receive consistent positive reinforcement, they are more likely to: How to Practice Positive Parenting Implementing positive parenting techniques can be simple but requires consistency. Here are some practical ways to incorporate encouragement into your parenting style: 1. Praise Effort, Not Just Results Children thrive when their efforts are acknowledged, even if they don’t achieve immediate success. Instead of saying, “You’re so smart,” try saying, “I love how hard you worked on that project!” This reinforces perseverance rather than just talent. 2. Use Words of Affirmation Words have a powerful effect on a child’s self-esteem. Phrases like “I believe in you,” “You did a great job,” or “I’m proud of you” can boost confidence and motivation. 3. Model Positive Behaviour Children learn by watching their parents. Demonstrate kindness, patience, and problem-solving skills so they can emulate these behaviours in their own lives. 4. Encourage Independence Allow children to make decisions and solve problems on their own. Guide them when necessary, but give them the space to learn and grow. This fosters self-reliance and confidence. 5. Create a Safe and Open Environment Encourage children to express their feelings and thoughts without fear of criticism. When kids feel heard and valued, they are more likely to develop strong communication skills and emotional intelligence. Final Thoughts Positive parenting is not about being a perfect parent but about fostering a loving and supportive environment where children feel safe to grow, learn, and express themselves. Encouragement is one of the most powerful tools a parent can use to shape a child’s future, helping them build the confidence and resilience needed to navigate life successfully. By practicing positive parenting, we empower our children to believe in themselves and reach their full potential.

March 5, 2025

Raising Resilient Kids: Teaching Emotional Strength from a Young Age

Resilience is the ability to bounce back from challenges, adapt to change, and face difficulties with confidence. In today’s fast-paced world, teaching children emotional strength from a young age is essential for their overall well-being and future success. Parents play a crucial role in fostering resilience, and with the right strategies, children can develop the skills needed to handle life’s ups and downs with confidence. Why Is Resilience Important? Resilient kids are better equipped to deal with stress, failure, and disappointment. They tend to be more self-aware, confident, and adaptable. According to research from the American Psychological Association (APA), children who develop resilience are less likely to experience anxiety and depression later in life. Ways to Build Emotional Strength in Children 1. Encourage a Growth Mindset A growth mindset helps children see challenges as opportunities for learning rather than as failures. Instead of saying, “I’m just not good at this,” encourage them to say, “I can get better with practice.” Praise effort rather than innate ability to help them embrace perseverance. 2. Teach Healthy Emotional Expression Children need to understand that all emotions, including sadness, frustration, and anger, are normal. Help them identify their feelings and express them in a constructive way. Phrases like “I see that you’re upset. Can you tell me what happened?” encourage open communication. 3. Model Resilience Children learn by example, so demonstrating resilience in your own life is crucial. Share age-appropriate stories about challenges you’ve faced and how you worked through them. Show them that setbacks are temporary and part of life’s learning process. 4. Foster Problem-Solving Skills Rather than solving every problem for your child, guide them through the process. Ask questions like, “What do you think you could do to fix this?” or “What’s another way to look at this situation?” Teaching kids to think critically and find solutions empowers them to face challenges with confidence. 5. Build a Strong Support System A strong support network of family, friends, and mentors provides children with emotional security. Let them know they have people to turn to when they need guidance, reassurance, or simply a listening ear. 6. Encourage Healthy Risk-Taking Resilience grows when kids step outside their comfort zones. Encourage them to try new activities, make new friends, and embrace challenges, even if there’s a risk of failure. Whether it’s trying out for a sports team or learning a new skill, these experiences help build confidence and adaptability. 7. Teach Self-Care and Stress Management Healthy coping mechanisms, such as deep breathing, mindfulness, and physical activity, help children regulate their emotions and manage stress. Encourage activities like drawing, journaling, or playing outside as ways to unwind and process emotions. 8. Promote Optimism and Gratitude Help kids focus on positive aspects of life by encouraging gratitude. A simple practice like sharing three good things about their day can shift their mindset toward optimism, making it easier for them to bounce back from tough times. Final Thoughts Building resilience is an ongoing process, but with patience and the right guidance, children can develop the emotional strength to navigate life’s challenges with confidence. By fostering a growth mindset, teaching problem-solving skills, and modeling resilience, parents can empower their children to become strong, adaptable individuals. References By incorporating these strategies into daily life, parents can lay the foundation for their children to grow into emotionally strong, resilient adults.

March 4, 2025

How to get the most from a gap year abroad

A gap year can be more than a chance to blow off steam and have fun. It can be life-affirming, offering opportunities for personal growth, cultural exposure, and professional development. Cost is the first hurdle for many young South Africans planning to spend time overseas. Flights and the relative weakness of the rand against most major currencies make travel to popular gap-year destinations such as Europe, the UK, the USA, and Australia expensive. According to Gavyn Letley, from specialist loans provider DirectAxis, turning the dream of an overseas adventure into reality starts with setting a budget. “This may seem a mundane way to start the trip of a lifetime, but it will be worth every moment. It will reduce the stress of constantly worrying about money, and potentially cutting the trip short, allowing you to gain more from the experience.” While it’s difficult to budget for the unknown, he suggests starting by listing expected expenses. These include: When budgeting, consider the cost of living at your destination as it may be more expensive than in South Africa. Once you understand the costs you can start considering how to fund the trip. Common strategies are: If this all seems daunting or you’re unsure about the people or organisations where you are applying, there are specialist agencies which can help. The benefits of working with an agency are: Letley says before choosing an agency or paying any money, check its credentials, ideally with someone who has used it. Also, compare prices, as some charge high placement fees. Agencies may also only offer jobs in particular, high-demand sectors. Researching job opportunities independently may provide more scope to work in your preferred industry. Doing the homework beforehand will make your gap year less stressful, and more enjoyable so you’ll get more from it. While you’re away, stay on top of your finances and look for opportunities to stretch your budget. Some include: “A gap year can be a worthwhile investment for young people, enabling them to assert their independence, expand their world view, build character, learn new skills or accumulate a breadth of experience that will benefit their careers,” says Letley.

March 4, 2025

The Power of Outdoor Play

The rustle of leaves, the warmth of the sun, and the feel of grass under little feet – such simple experiences can transform childhood. In South Africa, where nature’s splendour is all around, outdoor play offers more than just a break from routine; it is a vital gateway to holistic growth. It enhances physical health, boosts emotional balance, and sparks creative thinking in our young ones. Activities like playing soccer in the park, building mud pies, or exploring indigenous plants do more than strengthen muscles. They ignite the imagination, encourage teamwork, and build resilience while also developing essential cognitive, social, and emotional skills. Research has shown that play supports young children’s development in language, literacy, and social competence (Copple & Breadekamp, 2009). “At Dibber International Preschools, our commitment to holistic early learning extends well beyond the classroom. Our campuses are thoughtfully designed to integrate nature into everyday learning. Spacious play areas, sensory gardens, and shaded outdoor learning corners provide safe, stimulating environments where children can freely explore and learn. Our Engaged Educators™ transform the outdoors into a vibrant classroom – whether they’re planting seeds, watching clouds drift by, or observing the stars – fostering a deep emotional connection with nature. “Outdoor play is essential to our educational philosophy,” says Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools. “By allowing children to experience nature firsthand, we teach them the importance of teamwork, persistence, and living fully in the moment. These outdoor experiences improve their physical health and cultivate emotional resilience and creative thinking.” Furthermore, outdoor play instils a natural sense of balance. Whether navigating a rocky trail or tending a garden, children learn patience, responsibility, and adaptability – key skills that contribute to long-term resilience and a deeper understanding of the world. At Dibber, we are proud to transform every outdoor space into a classroom. By nurturing a love for nature and weaving it into our curriculum, we empower our children to become thoughtful, innovative, and well-rounded global citizens. For more information on how Dibber International Preschools is harnessing the power of outdoor play to nurture holistic development, please visit www.dibber.co.za/branches.

March 3, 2025

How to Help Your Child Make (and Keep) Friends

Making friends is one of the most valuable skills children can develop, and it can significantly impact their emotional well-being and social development. As parents, it’s important to guide our children through the process of forming and maintaining friendships. While some children are naturally outgoing, others may need extra support when it comes to socialising. Fortunately, there are many ways you can help your child make friends and build lasting, meaningful relationships. 1. Encourage Social Activities The first step in helping your child make friends is to ensure they have plenty of opportunities to interact with other children. Whether it’s through school, extracurricular activities, or playdates, encouraging participation in social events provides a natural environment for friendships to blossom. Why It Matters Being involved in group activities exposes children to a variety of personalities and social situations, making it easier for them to find peers with similar interests. These experiences also help children learn important social skills, such as cooperation, communication, and empathy. Tip: Try enrolling your child in team sports, art classes, or group clubs to help them meet new friends with shared interests. Playdates with classmates or neighbours can also encourage social connections. 2. Teach Social Skills Not all children instinctively know how to make friends. Social skills such as initiating conversations, sharing, and taking turns are crucial for forming lasting friendships. As a parent, you can model these behaviours and teach your child how to interact respectfully with others. Why It Matters Teaching children social skills helps them understand the dynamics of friendships and how to build healthy, reciprocal relationships. Children who understand basic social cues are more likely to succeed in making and keeping friends. Tip: Role-play different social scenarios with your child, such as how to introduce themselves, start a conversation, or resolve a disagreement. Praising your child when they use these skills in real life reinforces positive behaviour. 3. Foster Empathy and Emotional Intelligence Helping your child understand other people’s feelings and perspectives is essential for forming strong friendships. Empathy—the ability to put oneself in someone else’s shoes—is a key component of healthy relationships. Why It Matters Empathetic children are more likely to form genuine connections with others because they understand the importance of kindness, listening, and offering support. Developing emotional intelligence also helps children navigate conflicts and deepen their friendships. Tip: Teach your child to recognise and name emotions, both their own and others. Discuss scenarios where empathy would be helpful, such as comforting a friend who’s feeling sad or standing up for someone being teased. 4. Support Your Child Through Rejection Unfortunately, rejection is a part of life, and children are not exempt from experiencing it in their friendships. Whether they are excluded from a group or a friendship falls apart, helping your child navigate rejection is essential for emotional resilience. Why It Matters Rejection can be painful, but it’s important for children to learn how to handle it in a healthy way. Teaching your child not to take rejection personally and to keep trying to build new connections will help them grow emotionally and socially. Tip: After your child experiences rejection, talk to them about their feelings and reassure them that it’s okay to feel hurt. Encourage them to reflect on what they learned from the situation and how they can try again in the future. 5. Help Them Handle Conflict Conflict is a natural part of friendships, but learning how to handle disagreements effectively is essential. Children who know how to resolve conflicts calmly and respectfully are more likely to maintain long-term friendships. Why It Matters Children who can manage conflict and communicate their feelings are better equipped to handle differences in friendships without letting them deteriorate. This skill encourages trust, cooperation, and mutual respect in friendships. Tip: Teach your child to express their feelings clearly using “I” statements (e.g., “I feel upset when you take my toy”) and to listen to the other person’s perspective. Practice problem-solving with them to help them find win-win solutions. 6. Be a Positive Role Model Children often imitate the behaviours of their parents. If you model positive social behaviours, such as kindness, active listening, and conflict resolution, your child is more likely to adopt these behaviours in their own interactions. Why It Matters By demonstrating healthy social habits, you show your child how to navigate friendships with respect and empathy. Children who observe positive relationships in their parents are more likely to carry these values into their own friendships. Tip: When interacting with friends or family, demonstrate respect, open communication, and conflict resolution. Let your child see you making and maintaining friendships as a positive example. 7. Create a Safe and Inclusive Environment Encourage your child to be inclusive and to respect differences among their peers. This not only helps them make friends, but it also promotes a sense of belonging for all involved. Children who feel comfortable being themselves are more likely to attract friends who appreciate them for who they are. Why It Matters When children understand the importance of inclusivity and respect, they create an environment where everyone feels valued and accepted. This fosters genuine friendships and reduces the likelihood of bullying or exclusion. Tip: Have open conversations with your child about accepting differences and treating others with kindness, regardless of appearance, background, or interests. Conclusion Helping your child make and keep friends is one of the most important ways you can support their social and emotional development. By encouraging social activities, teaching essential social skills, fostering empathy, and supporting them through challenges like rejection and conflict, you equip your child with the tools they need to build lasting friendships. Being a positive role model and fostering an inclusive environment will further encourage your child to form meaningful relationships. With your support, your child can develop the confidence and skills needed to navigate the world of friendships successfully. Sources:

March 3, 2025

Smoking and pregnancy – should I quit

If you’re an avid smoker you’re probably wondering if being pregnant means you should wave your smoking habits goodbye. Unfortunately, even if your health isn’t enough for you to stop, your baby’s health should be. What can happen to my baby if I keep smoking? Smoking during your pregnancy is harmful to your unborn baby. The chemicals in cigarettes are both damaging to you and your baby; nicotine and other harmful poisons increase the risk of health problems for unborn babies. Second hand smoke, vaping and e-cigarettes are all still damaging to your baby’s health and should also be avoided (or quitted). You may need to designate your house a non-smoking area, and ask any friends and colleges not to smoke around you. So what exactly does smoking do to your unborn baby? Smoking lowers the amount of oxygen available to your growing baby and nicotine damages the baby’s brain and lungs. Smoking can make it harder to conceive, and if you do fall pregnant, can lead to miscarriages or stillbirth. Babies can be born premature, have a low birth weight, or be born with birth defects. Smoking during pregnancy can also affect your baby’s health after they are born, leading to cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, asthma and other respiratory problems and infections. Help – I am really struggling to quit! Even if you have decided that quitting is in both of your best interests, this may be easier said than done. If you are pregnant already it is best to quit without using any medication, as this is healthier for you and your baby. You also won’t be able to transition to vaping or e-cigarettes, as these too, are harmful and usually contain nicotine, which is damaging to health. In order to quit for good, try avoid the triggers that make you want to smoke, and try find something else that you can do when the craving kicks in. Get the support of your family and friends, or join a stop-smoking group or self help plan. Whatever your plan is to stop, you can be sure that both you and your child’s health will benefit from it.

March 3, 2025

Essential Safety Tips for Toddler Exploration at Home

As toddlers grow and develop, their curiosity knows no bounds. They begin to explore their environment, testing boundaries and discovering new things. While this stage is exciting for both you and your little one, it also comes with its own set of safety challenges. Toddlers are naturally curious, but they are also still learning about the world around them and how to keep themselves safe. As a parent or caregiver, it’s important to ensure that your home is a safe space for exploration. Here are essential safety tips to help you safeguard your toddler during their adventures at home. 1. Baby-Proof Your Home The first step in ensuring your home is safe for your toddler is to baby-proof it. This involves securing furniture, covering sharp edges, and removing hazardous items from places your toddler can access. A well-baby-proofed environment gives your child the freedom to explore without unnecessary risks. Key areas to baby-proof: 2. Create a Safe Play Area Designate a specific play area in your home where your toddler can explore freely but within a controlled environment. This area should be equipped with age-appropriate toys and safe materials. By creating a designated play zone, you can minimise the risk of them wandering into potentially dangerous areas, such as the kitchen or bathroom. Tips for a safe play area: 3. Keep Dangerous Items Out of Reach One of the biggest safety concerns during toddler exploration is the accessibility of dangerous items. Toddlers are naturally inclined to grab and investigate objects, even if they’re hazardous. From cleaning supplies to sharp objects, keeping dangerous items out of their reach is crucial. Key items to keep out of reach: 4. Use Safety Gates Safety gates are a great way to limit your toddler’s access to certain areas of the house. They can be installed at the top or bottom of stairs, in doorways, or to keep your toddler out of rooms like the kitchen or bathroom. Safety gates provide an extra layer of security, especially in areas where your toddler might be more likely to get into trouble. Safety gate tips: 5. Childproof the Bathroom The bathroom is one of the most hazardous places in the home for toddlers. From slippery floors to hazardous chemicals, it’s essential to make sure this space is completely safe. You can take several steps to toddler-proof your bathroom. Essential bathroom safety tips: 6. Be Mindful of Electrical Safety Electrical outlets and cords are major hazards for toddlers. They may try to stick objects into outlets or play with electrical cords, leading to the risk of electric shock or strangulation. Safeguarding these areas will ensure your toddler is protected from these dangers. Electrical safety tips: 7. Supervise Outdoor Exploration While your toddler may love spending time outdoors, the environment outside your home presents different risks, such as traffic, sharp objects, or even wildlife. Always supervise your toddler closely when they’re playing outside, whether in the yard or at a park. Outdoor safety tips: 8. Encourage Safe Exploration with Boundaries While it’s important to give your toddler space to explore, setting clear boundaries will help them understand what is safe and what isn’t. Positive reinforcement for good behaviour and gentle guidance for risky behaviour will help them learn how to navigate their environment safely. Tips for teaching safety: The Bottom Line As your toddler embarks on their exciting journey of exploration, ensuring a safe home environment is one of the most important things you can do as a parent. By baby-proofing your home, keeping dangerous items out of reach, and setting clear boundaries, you can create a safe space that allows your toddler to satisfy their curiosity while minimising the risks. With vigilance, planning, and supervision, you can ensure that your toddler’s explorations are both safe and fun.

February 28, 2025

Building Your Newborn’s First Aid Kit with Love

When you become a parent, you quickly realise that preparation is key – whether it’s scheduling life around nap times, keeping nappies and wet wipes fully stocked, or having the right supplies ready to care for your little one when pain and fever strikes. Adding Panado® to your baby’s first aid kit gives you peace of mind, knowing gentle relief is on hand when it’s needed most. Baby First Aid Kit Essentials A Digital Thermometer Every first aid kit needs a digital thermometer. Most babies have a normal body temperature ranging from 36.5 °C to 38 °C.1a A fever occurs when their temperature goes above 38 °C.1b Fever in babies can be scary, so having a reliable way to check your tiny tot’s temperature is absolutely essential. A Nasal Aspirator Since babies under six months old rely almost entirely on their noses to breathe, even a little congestion can make feeding and sleeping a challenge. While colds and infections can worsen congestion, your baby might have a stuffy nose even when they aren’t sick.2a Paired with saline nasal drops, a nasal aspirator gently clears stuffy noses, so your baby can breathe easy.2b Nail Clippers For everyday hygiene, include baby-safe nail clippers. Tiny nails grow faster than you’d think (at about 0.1 mm per day)3 and can be surprisingly sharp! Regular trimming helps prevent accidental scratches. Gauze, Bandages, And Antiseptic Cream As your baby grows and begins exploring the world (and bumping into it), minor cuts and scrapes are bound to happen. Stock your kit with sterile gauze, hypoallergenic adhesive bandages, and mild antiseptic cream to clean and protect small wounds. Teething Gels and Powders Teething typically starts around six months old4a, and can cause swollen gums, excessive drooling, a mild fever, irritability, crying, and disrupted sleep4b. Some teething gels can help numb sore gums4c. Panado®: Power To Fight Their Pain Colic is most common during the first six weeks of life and affects up to one in four newborns5a. The good news is it typically resolves on its own by the time a baby is three to four months old5b. A baby’s immune system is still developing, which means they’re more likely to pick up infections6. An essential item for your first aid kit would be paracetamol. Panado® soothes pain and fever and is fast-acting7, helping your baby bounce back to their happy, bubbly selves. Panado® peppermint flavoured syrup8 – because it’s “mint to be” – is suitable from birth and is tartrazine, alcohol and sugar free. Panado®’s paracetamol-based infant drops9 are suitable for babies from the age of 3 months. The calibrated dropper ensures that parents provide the correct amount of medication, based on the weight and age of their child. Panado®’s paediatric range also includes strawberry flavoured syrup10 which is as “berry nice” as it sounds. Always administer using a medicine measure or a syringe. Do not exceed the recommended dose. Dosage details can be found at https://panado.co.za/dosage-calculator/ and are calculated according to your child’s age and weight. From those early days of snuggles and butterfly kisses, to your baby’s first tooth and wobbly steps, parents trust11 Panado® for fast7 pain relief when needed most. After all, when your little one feels better, the whole world feels brighter. Panado® products are available at Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers, including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem, and Independent Pharmacies. For more information, visit https://panado.co.za/and join the conversations onFacebook. References are available from: https://panado.co.za/references/. For full prescribing information refer to the Professional Information approved by SAHPRA. Adcock Ingram Limited. Co. Reg. No. 1949/034385/06. Private Bag X69, Bryanston, 2021, South Africa. Customer Care: 0860 ADCOCK / 232625. www.adcock.com. 14.01.20251000000898. January 2025.

February 28, 2025

The Importance of Reading with Your Toddler

Reading with your toddler is more than just a way to pass the time—it’s an essential activity that helps shape their cognitive, emotional, and social development. The benefits of reading go beyond simply teaching your child new words. Whether you’re reading a storybook, a picture book, or even just looking at the illustrations together, this shared experience fosters a bond that helps set the foundation for a lifelong love of learning. Here’s why reading with your toddler is so important and how you can make the most of these precious moments. 1. Boosts Language Development One of the most significant benefits of reading with your toddler is the positive impact on their language skills. At this stage, toddlers are rapidly expanding their vocabulary and learning how to use language to express themselves. Reading exposes them to new words and phrases, helping them understand the structure of sentences and how words work together to convey meaning. How it helps: 2. Strengthens Cognitive Skills Reading with your toddler helps develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As they follow the plot of a story or look at illustrations, they begin to understand cause and effect, sequence, and the relationship between characters and events. This cognitive engagement lays the groundwork for more advanced learning in the future. How it helps: 3. Enhances Emotional and Social Development Reading books that feature various characters, emotions, and situations helps toddlers understand and regulate their own feelings. It also helps them develop empathy by teaching them about the emotions and perspectives of others. Whether the characters are happy, sad, frustrated, or scared, these experiences can help your toddler navigate their own emotions and the social world around them. How it helps: 4. Establishes a Love for Reading and Learning Introducing your toddler to the world of books early on creates a strong foundation for a lifelong love of reading. The more you read together, the more likely they are to develop a positive association with books and learning. This early exposure fosters a sense of curiosity and a desire to explore new ideas, stories, and concepts as they grow older. How it helps: 5. Strengthens Your Bond Reading together is a special bonding experience that gives you quality time with your toddler. It provides an opportunity to connect in a calm, focused setting, creating a sense of closeness that supports your relationship. The shared experience of reading also gives you a chance to engage with your toddler, talk about the story, and ask questions, all of which enhance communication and emotional connection. How it helps: 6. Develops Concentration and Focus Reading requires your toddler’s attention and concentration, and regular reading sessions help improve these skills over time. Toddlers often have short attention spans, but with consistent reading sessions, they gradually develop the ability to sit still, listen, and focus on a task for longer periods. How it helps: How to Make the Most of Reading Time To maximise the benefits of reading with your toddler, consider these tips: The Bottom Line Reading with your toddler is an invaluable experience that supports their language, cognitive, emotional, and social development. It fosters a love of learning, strengthens your bond, and equips your toddler with the skills they need to succeed. By making reading a regular part of your daily routine, you are laying the foundation for a lifetime of learning, exploration, and connection. So grab a book, settle in, and enjoy the magic of reading with your little one!

February 28, 2025

Why You Need a Baby-Specific First Aid Kit

Babies have unique medical and safety needs compared to older children or adults. Their delicate skin, smaller bodies, and limited ability to communicate require specific items that are safe and appropriate for their age. Having a baby-specific first aid kit means you’re always prepared for common health concerns like fevers, teething discomfort, or minor injuries—and ready to act quickly in case of an emergency. Essential Items for Your Baby First Aid Kit 1. Thermometer 2. Infant Fever and Pain Reliever 3. Saline Nasal Spray and Bulb Syringe/Nasal Aspirator 4. Baby-Safe Antiseptic Cream or Ointment 5. Adhesive Bandages 6. Sterile Gauze Pads and Medical Tape 7. Tweezers 8. Baby Nail Clippers or Scissors 9. Digital Baby Scales (Optional) For Common Ailments 10. Teething Gel or Teething Rings 11. Diaper Rash Cream 12. Gas Relief Drops or Gripe Water 13. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) 14. Cool Gel Packs First Aid Tools 15. Baby-Safe Scissors 16. Instant Cold Pack 17. Small Flashlight 18. Medicine Syringe or Dropper Hygiene and Safety Supplies 19. Alcohol-Free Antiseptic Wipes 20. Hand Sanitiser 21. Cotton Balls or Swabs 22. Disposable Gloves Emergency Information Keep a small notebook or card in your kit with: Storing Your Baby First Aid Kit When to Restock or Update When to Call the Doctor Your first aid kit is for minor injuries and illnesses, but certain situations require professional care: Always trust your instincts and seek medical help if you’re unsure about your baby’s condition. Building a baby first aid kit ensures you’re always prepared for the unexpected. By assembling the right supplies and staying informed about your baby’s needs, you can handle minor emergencies with confidence and keep your little one safe and sound.

February 27, 2025

Building a Morning Routine That Reduces Chaos

Mornings can often feel like a race against time, especially when you have young children. The hustle to get everyone dressed, fed, and out the door can leave you feeling stressed before the day even begins. However, creating a structured morning routine can be a game-changer, reducing stress and ensuring that everyone starts the day on the right foot. Here’s a guide to help you build a morning routine that fosters calm, productivity, and connection with your family. Why a Morning Routine Matters A well-organised morning routine sets the tone for the rest of the day. It can help your family feel more prepared, reduce decision fatigue, and minimise the chaos that often comes with rushed mornings. A predictable routine gives everyone—especially young children—a sense of security and clarity, helping them know what to expect. Step 1: Plan Ahead the Night Before The key to a smooth morning often lies in the preparations made the night before. Setting aside time in the evening to prep for the next day can significantly reduce stress when you wake up. What to do the night before: Step 2: Wake Up Early (But Not Too Early) It can be tempting to hit the snooze button, but waking up just 15 to 30 minutes earlier than usual can make a significant difference. By getting a jump-start on your day, you’ll have a little quiet time to yourself before the rest of the household wakes up. Benefits of waking up earlier: Step 3: Establish a Consistent Wake-Up Time Consistency is key when building any routine. Try to wake up at the same time every day—even on weekends. A predictable wake-up time helps regulate your family’s internal clocks, making mornings smoother. Step 4: Create a Calm and Positive Atmosphere The way you start the morning matters just as much as the tasks you accomplish. Creating a calm, positive atmosphere will help everyone feel more relaxed and less rushed. What you can do: Step 5: Build a Simple, Predictable Morning Routine for Your Kids If you have young children, a predictable sequence of activities in the morning can help them transition smoothly from sleep to the busyness of the day. Morning tasks to include: Step 6: Allow Time for Unforeseen Events Even the best-laid plans can go awry. Build in a buffer period to accommodate for any surprises or delays that may pop up. Tips to manage the unexpected: Step 7: Set Realistic Expectations While it’s important to have a routine, it’s equally important to set realistic expectations. Every day will be different, and some mornings may not go as planned. Try to avoid placing too much pressure on yourself and your children. How to manage expectations: Step 8: Review and Adjust Regularly Building a morning routine is an evolving process. Over time, review how your routine is working and adjust accordingly. Tips for improving your routine: The Bottom Line Building a morning routine that reduces chaos requires some effort, but the benefits are well worth it. A structured morning can help your family feel more relaxed, organised, and connected, even during the busiest days. By planning ahead, setting consistent wake-up times, and fostering a calm atmosphere, you can create mornings that are stress-free and enjoyable for everyone.

February 27, 2025

Creative Play Ideas for Toddlers on Rainy Days

Rainy days with a toddler don’t have to mean endless hours of screen time or struggling to keep them entertained. With a little creativity, these grey, drizzly days can turn into opportunities for fun, learning, and bonding. Here are some imaginative and engaging indoor activities to keep your toddler happy and active when the weather keeps you inside. 1. Indoor Obstacle Course Transform your living room into an exciting adventure zone! 2. DIY Sensory Bins Sensory play is a fantastic way to keep toddlers engaged and curious. 3. Rainy Day Art Station Get messy with some art projects that allow your toddler to express their creativity. 4. Baking Together Bring your toddler into the kitchen for some fun and tasty learning. 5. Indoor Camping Adventure Bring the outdoors in with an imaginative camping setup. 6. Dance Party Burn off some energy with a toddler-friendly dance session! 7. Story time Theatre Turn story time into an interactive performance. 8. Scavenger Hunt A scavenger hunt is a perfect way to keep toddlers entertained while engaging their problem-solving skills. 9. Toddler Yoga or Stretching Introduce your little one to mindfulness and movement with some simple yoga. 10. DIY Musical Instruments Make some noise with homemade instruments! 11. Build a Cardboard Box City If you have spare cardboard boxes lying around, let your toddler’s imagination run wild. 12. Water Play Indoors Bring the fun of water indoors (with minimal mess!). 13. Sorting and Matching Games Keep it simple with sorting and matching activities. Rainy days don’t have to mean boredom! With these creative play ideas, you can turn a gloomy day into a magical one filled with learning, laughter, and connection. Remember, the most important ingredient for a fun-filled day is yo

February 26, 2025

When Should You Introduce Solid Foods to Your Baby?

Introducing your baby to solid foods is an exciting milestone! It marks the beginning of a new chapter in your baby’s development and exploration of the world of flavours and textures. However, knowing when and how to start can feel overwhelming for many parents. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate this important stage confidently. When Is the Right Time to Introduce Solids? Most health experts, including the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP), recommend starting solid foods around 6 months of age. However, every baby is different, and the readiness for solids can vary. Signs Your Baby Is Ready for Solids: Important: Always consult your paediatrician before starting solids, especially if your baby was born prematurely or has any medical concerns. The Role of Breast Milk or Formula Breast milk or formula remains your baby’s primary source of nutrition until their first birthday. Introducing solids at 6 months is meant to complement milk feeds, not replace them. Begin with small amounts of food, gradually increasing as your baby gets accustomed to eating. How to Introduce Solid Foods 1. Start with Single-Ingredient Foods 2. Experiment with Textures 3. Watch for Allergens Common allergens include eggs, peanuts, dairy, wheat, soy, fish, and shellfish. Introducing these early (around 6 months) in small, controlled amounts may reduce the risk of allergies. Always consult your paediatrician if your baby is at high risk for allergies. 4. Focus on VarietyExpose your baby to a wide range of fruits, vegetables, proteins, and grains to help them develop a diverse palate. Foods to Avoid at First While many foods are safe for babies, there are some you should avoid: Tips for a Smooth Transition to Solids Frequently Asked Questions 1. What if my baby doesn’t like a certain food?It’s common for babies to reject new foods initially. Offer the same food multiple times over a few days or weeks. It can take 10-15 tries before a baby accepts a new flavour! 2. How much food should I offer?Start with 1-2 teaspoons of food once a day and gradually increase the portion as your baby becomes more interested in eating. 3. Can I use store-bought baby food?Yes! Choose options with no added salt, sugar, or preservatives. Alternatively, you can make simple purees at home. 4. Should I offer water?Around 6 months, you can offer small amounts of water in a sippy cup during meals to help your baby learn to drink. A Journey of Discovery Introducing solid foods is an exciting and messy adventure! It’s a time for your baby to explore new tastes and textures while continuing to rely on milk for most of their nutrition. Be patient, go at your baby’s pace, and enjoy this milestone together. Remember, every baby develops differently. Trust your instincts and consult your paediatrician with any questions or concerns. The goal is to create a positive and stress-free experience for both you and your little one as you embark on this journey!

February 26, 2025

Helping Your Child Cope with Big Emotions

Big emotions—anger, sadness, fear, frustration—can feel overwhelming for children. These emotions are a normal part of growing up, but young children often lack the tools to understand and manage them effectively. As a parent, helping your child navigate these feelings is key to fostering emotional resilience and building healthy coping mechanisms. Here’s a guide to help your child cope with big emotions while strengthening your bond with them. 1. Understand Big Emotions Big emotions occur when feelings like anger or sadness become so intense that they feel unmanageable for your child. These moments are opportunities for emotional growth. While it might be tempting to “fix” the situation or calm them down quickly, helping your child understand their feelings is far more beneficial in the long run. 2. Create a Safe Space for Emotions Children need to feel safe expressing their emotions, no matter how big or messy those feelings may seem. When children feel understood, they are more likely to open up about their emotions. 3. Label Their Feelings Young children may not yet have the vocabulary to describe their emotions. Helping them label their feelings empowers them to communicate more effectively. When children can name their emotions, they begin to gain control over them. 4. Teach Emotional Regulation Skills Once your child understands their emotions, help them develop strategies to manage them. These tools give children practical ways to handle big emotions in the moment. 5. Model Healthy Emotional Responses Children learn by watching you, so model healthy ways to handle your own emotions. By modelling emotional regulation, you show your child that big emotions are normal and manageable. 6. Use Play to Explore Emotions Play is a powerful way for children to process and express their feelings. Play provides a safe, low-pressure way for children to explore their emotions. 7. Avoid Dismissing or Overreacting When your child is overwhelmed by emotions, avoid dismissive phrases like “You’re fine” or “It’s not a big deal.” These comments can make children feel invalidated. When you approach their emotions with empathy and patience, you build trust and connection. 8. Help Them Identify Triggers Some situations may consistently spark big emotions in your child, such as: Talk to your child about these triggers and brainstorm ways to handle them. For example: Understanding triggers helps your child feel more prepared and in control. 9. Encourage Problem-Solving Help your child see that big emotions don’t have to take over—they can take action to address the problem. Teaching problem-solving empowers your child to approach challenges with confidence. 10. Be Patient and Consistent Helping your child cope with big emotions is an ongoing process that takes time and practice. Patience and encouragement will help your child develop emotional resilience over time. When to Seek Professional Help If your child’s emotional outbursts are frequent, extreme, or interfere with daily life, it may be helpful to consult a paediatrician or child psychologist. They can provide additional strategies and rule out underlying issues. Final Thoughts Big emotions are a natural part of growing up, and helping your child navigate them is one of the most important gifts you can give. By creating a safe, supportive environment and teaching healthy coping skills, you empower your child to manage their feelings and build emotional intelligence. Remember, every child is different. What works for one child may not work for another, so stay flexible and responsive to your child’s unique needs. With patience, empathy, and love, you’ll help your child grow into a kind, confident, and emotionally resilient individual.

February 25, 2025

Toddler Tantrums: How to Handle them Calmly

1. Stay Calm and Composed Your reaction sets the tone for how the tantrum unfolds. If you respond with anger or frustration, it can escalate the situation. Instead: Staying calm not only helps you manage the situation but also teaches your toddler how to handle strong emotions. 2. Acknowledge Their Feelings Let your toddler know you understand their emotions. Acknowledging their feelings doesn’t mean giving in to their demands—it means showing empathy. For example: When toddlers feel heard, it can help them begin to calm down. 3. Set Clear and Consistent Limits While it’s important to empathise, it’s equally crucial to set boundaries. For example: Consistency helps toddlers understand what’s acceptable and what isn’t, even if it takes time for them to adjust. 4. Offer Choices to Prevent Power Struggles Toddlers often want a sense of control, and offering choices can help them feel empowered. For example: Providing two acceptable options can reduce frustration and prevent tantrums from starting. 5. Redirect Their Attention Sometimes, distraction is the best way to diffuse a tantrum. Redirect their focus to something engaging or positive: This strategy works best with younger toddlers who can easily shift their attention. 6. Create a Calm-Down Space Designate a safe, quiet area where your toddler can go to calm down. This isn’t a punishment—it’s a place for them to regulate their emotions. Teach them that it’s okay to take a break to cool off. 7. Use Positive Reinforcement Praise your toddler when they handle frustration or disappointment calmly. Positive reinforcement encourages good behaviour over time. For example: Focus on reinforcing behaviours you want to see more of. Preventing Tantrums Before They Happen While it’s impossible to prevent all tantrums, you can take steps to minimise them: What Not to Do During a Tantrum When to Seek Help Most tantrums are a normal part of development, but if your toddler’s tantrums are extreme, frequent, or interfere with daily life, it might be time to consult a paediatrician or child psychologist. They can help rule out underlying issues and provide additional strategies for managing challenging behaviour. Final Thoughts Toddler tantrums can be difficult to handle, but they are also opportunities to teach your child important skills like emotional regulation and communication. By staying calm, validating their feelings, and setting clear boundaries, you can guide your toddler through this stage with patience and understanding. Remember, tantrums are not a reflection of your parenting—they’re a natural part of growing up. With time, empathy, and consistency, your child will learn to navigate their emotions and develop the tools they need to handle frustration in healthier ways.

February 24, 2025

The Ultimate Guide to Baby-Proofing Your Home

As your little one begins to crawl, walk, and explore the world around them, your home can quickly become a playground filled with potential hazards. Baby-proofing isn’t just about safety—it’s about creating an environment where your child can explore and grow without constant worry. With the right strategies, you can make your home a secure space while keeping it functional for the whole family. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you baby-proof your home like a pro. 1. Start Early Babies grow fast, and before you know it, they’re on the move. Start baby-proofing when your child begins showing signs of mobility, such as rolling over or scooting. Preparing early ensures you’re ready when they start exploring. 2. Get Down to Their Level To spot potential hazards, get on your hands and knees and see the world from your baby’s perspective. Look for sharp edges, dangling cords, and small objects that could be choking hazards. This exercise will help you identify risks you might otherwise overlook. 3. Secure Furniture and Appliances As babies learn to pull themselves up, unsecured furniture and appliances can tip over and cause serious injuries. 4. Block Off Dangerous Areas Not every part of your home is baby-friendly, so use barriers to restrict access. 5. Protect Electrical Outlets and Cords Curious little fingers love exploring outlets and tugging on cords. 6. Cushion Sharp Corners and Edges Furniture with sharp corners can pose a risk for bumps and bruises. 7. Secure Cabinets and Drawers Cabinets and drawers often contain items that could be dangerous to babies. 8. Keep Small Objects Out of Reach Babies explore the world by putting things in their mouths, so it’s essential to eliminate choking hazards. 9. Baby-Proof Windows and Doors Windows and doors can pose a risk of falls or pinched fingers. 10. Safeguard Water Hazards Water can be one of the most dangerous elements in a home for babies. 11. Be Mindful of Small Details 12. Create a Safe Play Area Designate a specific area in your home for your baby to play and explore freely. 13. Prepare for Emergencies Even with the best baby-proofing efforts, accidents can happen. Be prepared by: 14. Regularly Update Your Efforts As your baby grows and develops new skills, their environment will need to change. Crawling babies and walking toddlers have different safety needs, so reassess your home regularly to address new hazards. Final Thoughts Baby-proofing your home is a vital step in keeping your child safe while encouraging their natural curiosity and exploration. By taking proactive steps to identify and address hazards, you can create a secure environment that allows your baby to thrive. Remember, baby-proofing isn’t a one-time task—it’s an ongoing process that evolves as your child grows. With patience, preparation, and a little creativity, you’ll have peace of mind knowing your home is a safe haven for your little one.

February 24, 2025

Teaching Your Toddler to Share: Building Social Skills

Sharing is a cornerstone of social interaction, but for toddlers, it’s not an instinctive behaviour. Toddlers are naturally focused on their own needs and desires, making the concept of sharing challenging to grasp. However, with patience, practice, and consistent guidance, you can help your little one develop the social skill of sharing. Here’s a practical guide to teaching your toddler to share. Why Sharing Is Difficult for Toddlers Understanding why toddlers struggle with sharing can help you approach the task with empathy: Knowing this, it’s important to approach sharing as a skill to be learned over time rather than a behaviour to be enforced immediately. 1. Set the Stage for Success Create an environment where your toddler can learn sharing gradually: 2. Practice Turn-Taking Turn-taking is a stepping stone to sharing and is easier for toddlers to understand: 3. Use Positive Reinforcement Praising your toddler for sharing reinforces the behaviour: 4. Teach Empathy Helping your toddler understand others’ feelings can make sharing more meaningful: 5. Address Conflict Calmly When disputes over toys arise, stay calm and guide your toddler through the situation: 6. Give Them Ownership Respect your toddler’s attachment to certain items and allow them to decide on some boundaries: 7. Be Patient and Consistent Teaching a toddler to share takes time and repeated effort. Celebrate small victories, remain consistent with your approach, and understand that setbacks are normal. Over time, your child will begin to grasp the concept of sharing and apply it more willingly. 8. Celebrate the Benefits of Sharing Help your toddler see the positive outcomes of sharing: When to Seek Additional Support If your toddler continues to struggle significantly with sharing, even after consistent practice, consider discussing it with your paediatrician or a child development specialist. They can provide tailored strategies to address your child’s unique needs. Final Thoughts Teaching your toddler to share is a process that requires patience, understanding, and lots of practice. By modelling sharing, reinforcing positive behaviour, and helping your toddler navigate their emotions, you’re equipping them with an essential social skill that will benefit them for years to come. Remember, every small step toward sharing is a big leap in your toddler’s social development.

February 21, 2025

Teaching Empathy: Raising Kind and Compassionate Kids

In a world where kindness and compassion can make a profound difference, teaching empathy to children is one of the greatest gifts parents can offer. Empathy—the ability to understand and share the feelings of others—plays a crucial role in building strong relationships, resolving conflicts, and fostering a sense of community. Raising empathetic children doesn’t happen overnight; it’s a process that requires intentional effort, guidance, and modelling. Here’s how you can nurture empathy in your child and help them grow into kind, compassionate individuals. Why Empathy Matters Empathy is the foundation of emotional intelligence and is essential for: Teaching empathy equips children with skills they’ll use throughout their lives, both personally and professionally. 1. Model Empathy in Everyday Life Children learn by watching their parents and caregivers. To raise empathetic kids, demonstrate empathy in your own interactions: 2. Teach Emotional Awareness Empathy begins with understanding emotions—both their own and others’. Help your child identify and express their feelings: 3. Encourage Perspective-Taking Empathy involves seeing the world through someone else’s eyes. Teach your child to consider how others might feel: 4. Promote Acts of Kindness Simple acts of kindness can cultivate empathy and compassion. Encourage your child to think of ways to help others: 5. Use Teachable Moments Everyday situations provide opportunities to talk about empathy and kindness: 6. Limit Exposure to Negative Influences Be mindful of the messages your child receives through media and peer interactions: 7. Practice Patience and Understanding Empathy is a skill that develops over time. Younger children may struggle to grasp others’ emotions, but consistent teaching and modelling will help them improve: Empathy in Action: Everyday Examples Final Thoughts Raising empathetic children is an ongoing process that involves modelling kindness, teaching emotional awareness, and encouraging perspective-taking. By creating an environment that values empathy and compassion, you’re helping your child develop the tools they need to build meaningful relationships and make a positive impact in the world. Remember, every small act of kindness contributes to raising a generation of thoughtful, compassionate individuals. Together, we can make the world a kinder place—one empathetic child at a time.

February 21, 2025

Milestone Checklist: What to Expect in Your Baby’s First Year

The first year of your baby’s life is filled with incredible milestones that showcase their rapid growth and development. While every child grows at their own pace, understanding the general milestones can help you track your baby’s progress and celebrate their achievements. Here’s a month-by-month guide to what you might expect in your baby’s exciting first year. Month 1: Adjusting to the World Month 2: Finding Their Voice Month 3: Growing Stronger Month 4: Rolling and Reaching Month 5: Exploring the World Month 6: Sitting Up Month 7: Becoming More Mobile Month 8: Discovering Independence Month 9: Expressing Themselves Month 10: Curious and Adventurous Month 11: Practicing Independence Month 12: Happy Birthday! Important Notes: By tracking these milestones, you’ll not only cherish your baby’s first-year accomplishments but also gain a deeper understanding of their unique personality and abilities. Enjoy the journey—it’s an unforgettable year!

February 20, 2025

Setting Screen Time Limits That Work for Your Family

In today’s digital age, screens are a big part of our lives. Whether it’s for work, education, or entertainment, children and adults alike often find themselves glued to devices. While technology can be beneficial, too much screen time can have negative effects on physical health, mental well-being, and family relationships. Setting effective screen time limits for your family is essential to creating a healthy balance. Here’s how to approach it in a way that works for everyone. 1. Understand Why Limits Are Important Before setting boundaries, it’s helpful to understand why screen time management is necessary: Understanding these impacts can help you communicate the importance of screen time limits to your family. 2. Involve the Whole Family in the Process Creating screen time rules shouldn’t be a one-sided conversation. Involve your kids and partner to ensure everyone feels heard. Discuss why limits are being set and ask for their input on what feels reasonable. Collaborative rule-setting increases the likelihood that everyone will follow the guidelines. 3. Customize Limits Based on Age Different age groups have varying needs and developmental considerations: 4. Set Clear and Consistent Rules Clearly defined rules make it easier to manage screen time. Some examples include: Consistency is key—be sure everyone understands and adheres to the rules. 5. Model Healthy Screen Habits Children often mimic their parents’ behaviour, so it’s important to set a good example. If you’re constantly checking your phone or watching TV, it will be harder to enforce limits for your kids. Show that you prioritise offline activities by putting your own devices away during family time or before bed. 6. Encourage Alternative Activities Help your family discover enjoyable, non-screen-related activities, such as: Providing fun alternatives makes it easier for kids to transition away from screens. 7. Use Technology to Your Advantage Ironically, technology itself can help manage screen time. Many devices and apps offer parental controls, time trackers, and content filters. Here are a few options: These tools can take some of the pressure off parents and help children develop self-regulation skills. 8. Balance Flexibility with Structure Life isn’t always predictable, and there will be times when screen time limits need to be adjusted—such as during school holidays, sick days, or long road trips. The key is to maintain a balance between flexibility and routine. Temporary exceptions should be communicated clearly to avoid confusion or misuse of screen time privileges. 9. Focus on Quality Over Quantity Not all screen time is created equal. Instead of obsessing over how many minutes your child spends on a device, focus on the type of content they’re consuming. Educational apps, virtual learning, or creative projects like coding or digital art are more beneficial than endless scrolling on social media or watching random videos. 10. Reinforce Positive Behaviour When your child successfully adheres to screen time rules, acknowledge their effort. Positive reinforcement—like extra family playtime or choosing a weekend activity—can motivate them to maintain good habits. 11. Reevaluate as Needed Screen time needs and habits will evolve as your family grows. Periodically review your rules to ensure they’re still practical and relevant. If something isn’t working, discuss changes as a family and adapt your approach. Final Thoughts Setting screen time limits is less about creating rigid rules and more about fostering healthy habits that benefit the entire family. By involving everyone in the process, setting clear expectations, and offering alternatives, you can strike a balance that promotes both digital literacy and offline connection. Remember, the ultimate goal is to encourage mindful and responsible screen use while ensuring that screens don’t overshadow the joys of real-world experiences and relationships.

February 20, 2025

Navigating Your Child’s Emotional Outbursts: A Parent’s Guide to Tantrums

Emotional outbursts, often known as tantrums, are a normal part of childhood development. These moments can be challenging for parents, but with the right strategies, you can help your child manage their emotions while maintaining your own calm. Here’s a guide to handling tantrums effectively and turning them into learning opportunities. Why Do Tantrums Happen? Tantrums are usually triggered by frustration, hunger, tiredness, or difficulty expressing emotions. Young children often lack the words to communicate their feelings, leading to outbursts of anger, sadness, or confusion. Understanding the cause can help you respond with empathy. Strategies to Manage Tantrums What to Avoid During a Tantrum After the Tantrum: Teaching Moments Once your child has calmed down, gently talk about what happened. Help them name their emotions (“You felt frustrated because…”) and brainstorm healthier ways to express themselves next time. This builds emotional intelligence and problem-solving skills. Building Emotional Resilience Over Time Tantrums are part of growing up, but they offer valuable opportunities to teach emotional regulation. Encourage your child to express feelings through words, drawing, or play. Praise their efforts when they manage frustrations well, reinforcing positive behaviour. When to Seek Help If tantrums become frequent, severe, or interfere with daily life, it might be helpful to consult a paediatrician or child psychologist. They can offer insights and strategies tailored to your child’s needs. Conclusion Tantrums are inevitable, but they don’t have to be overwhelming. By staying calm, setting clear boundaries, and using outbursts as learning opportunities, parents can help their children navigate their emotions more effectively. With patience and practice, children learn to handle their frustrations in healthier ways, leading to a happier, more connected family life.

February 19, 2025

Building Emotional Intelligence in Children: How to nurture empathy, self-awareness, and social skills in your kids

Emotional intelligence (EQ) is a crucial skill for children to develop as they grow, influencing how they understand and manage their emotions, navigate relationships, and make thoughtful decisions. Cultivating emotional intelligence early on helps children become more empathetic, self-aware, and socially adept, which ultimately enhances their emotional well-being and success in life. Here are some effective strategies for parents to nurture emotional intelligence in their kids. 1. Model Emotional Awareness Children learn by observing the adults around them, especially their parents. One of the most powerful ways to build emotional intelligence in your child is by modelling emotional awareness. When you express your feelings clearly and appropriately, you teach your child that it’s okay to identify, express, and manage emotions. For example, when you’re feeling stressed, instead of keeping it to yourself, say something like, “I’m feeling a little overwhelmed right now, and I’m going to take a few deep breaths to calm down.” This transparency gives children the language they need to express their emotions and learn how to handle them. A study from the University of California, Berkeley, shows that children are more likely to develop emotional intelligence when they see it modelled in their caregivers. 2. Encourage Open Communication About Feelings Creating an open environment for discussing emotions helps children feel safe in expressing how they feel. Regularly check in with your child about their emotions and create opportunities for them to share. Ask simple questions like, “How was your day?” or “What made you happy today?” These questions prompt children to reflect on their feelings and articulate them, a key component of emotional intelligence. When children express their emotions, validate them by saying things like, “I understand that you’re feeling sad because your friend wasn’t at school today. It’s tough when that happens.” This acknowledgment helps children feel understood and allows them to see that their emotions are valid and worthy of attention. 3. Teach Empathy Through Perspective-Taking Empathy is a cornerstone of emotional intelligence. It involves understanding others’ feelings and perspectives, and learning how to respond with care. You can foster empathy by teaching your child to recognise emotions in others and understand why someone might feel that way. Use everyday situations to practice empathy. For instance, if your child sees a friend upset, ask, “How do you think they might be feeling?” or “What do you think you could do to help them feel better?” Role-playing is another effective tool: act out different scenarios and discuss how each character might feel and why. This not only teaches empathy but also shows that emotions are often influenced by experiences and circumstances. 4. Help Them Manage Emotions While it’s important to understand and express emotions, it’s equally crucial to know how to manage them. Children often feel big emotions—whether it’s frustration, anger, or excitement—and helping them navigate these emotions is essential for building emotional resilience. Introduce coping strategies such as deep breathing, counting to ten, or using a calm-down corner where children can go when they’re feeling overwhelmed. Encourage them to take a moment to pause, reflect, and choose a way to respond that is healthy and thoughtful. When children learn to manage their emotions, they become better equipped to handle challenges and stress as they grow. 5. Promote Positive Social Interactions Emotional intelligence also involves social skills, such as listening, collaborating, and managing conflicts. Encourage your child to engage in group activities where they can practice these skills, like team sports, playdates, or family gatherings. Emphasise the importance of respect, fairness, and kindness in their interactions with others. Teach conflict resolution by guiding your child through resolving disputes with peers. Encourage them to express their needs clearly, listen to the other person’s perspective, and find a compromise. These skills are vital not just in childhood but throughout life, as they lay the foundation for healthy relationships. 6. Reinforce Emotional Regulation Through Praise When your child successfully manages their emotions or shows empathy toward others, praise their efforts. Positive reinforcement helps children feel confident in their ability to handle emotions and reinforces the behaviours you want to encourage. For example, if your child successfully calms down after a tantrum, acknowledge their effort by saying, “I’m proud of how you took a deep breath when you were feeling upset.” This kind of praise reinforces their ability to regulate their emotions and reinforces positive social behaviours. 7. Foster Self-Reflection Self-awareness is another critical component of emotional intelligence. Encourage your child to reflect on their behaviours and feelings. After an event where your child experienced strong emotions—whether it’s an argument or a joyful moment—ask them how they felt and why they reacted the way they did. Guiding them to reflect on their actions helps them gain insight into their behaviour and how it affects others. Over time, this self-awareness helps children develop greater emotional control and understanding. 8. Provide Emotional Support During Challenging Times When children face difficult situations, such as failing a test or experiencing a friendship conflict, offer emotional support without immediately trying to fix the problem. Sometimes, kids just need someone to listen and comfort them, rather than solve the issue for them. By offering empathy and support, you teach your child that it’s okay to feel sad or frustrated, and that these emotions are part of life. This helps children build emotional resilience, which is a key factor in navigating life’s challenges. Conclusion Building emotional intelligence in children is a gift that keeps on giving. As they learn to understand, express, and regulate their emotions, they develop the tools to form strong, healthy relationships, make thoughtful decisions, and face challenges with resilience. By modelling emotional awareness, encouraging open communication, teaching empathy, and providing support, parents can help their children develop the emotional skills needed to thrive in all areas of life. Start today by nurturing emotional intelligence in your child—it’s one of the best investments you can make for their future. By fostering emotional intelligence, children not only gain the ability to handle their

February 19, 2025

How to Encourage Independent Play in Young Children

Encouraging independent play in young children is a key step in fostering their development, creativity, and self-reliance. Independent play allows children to explore their environment, solve problems on their own, and develop essential skills like concentration, perseverance, and socialisation. While it can be challenging for both parents and caregivers to step back and let children play alone, it’s a crucial component of childhood growth. Here’s how you can encourage independent play in your little one: 1. Create a Safe and Stimulating Environment Before you can encourage independent play, it’s essential to ensure that the environment is safe and age-appropriate. Create a space where your child can explore freely without risks. This might involve childproofing areas, ensuring sharp objects are out of reach, and providing various toys and materials that stimulate creativity, such as building blocks, art supplies, or pretend play items. A stimulating environment encourages curiosity and gives children the tools they need to entertain themselves. 2. Start Small Independent play doesn’t have to happen all at once. Start by encouraging your child to play by themselves for short periods and gradually increase the time as they become more comfortable. For example, you might begin with a few minutes of independent play while you’re nearby, and then work your way up to longer periods as your child learns to play on their own. 3. Offer Choices Giving your child choices allows them to take ownership of their playtime. Instead of dictating exactly what they should do, offer them a range of activities they can choose from. Whether it’s a puzzle, a set of building blocks, or a drawing pad, letting your child pick what interests them the most will help them feel empowered and motivated to play independently. 4. Avoid Over-Scheduling In today’s busy world, it’s easy for children to have structured activities for every moment of their day. While these activities can be beneficial, they don’t leave much room for independent play. Allow your child plenty of unstructured time to explore their imagination and develop self-reliance. Whether it’s playing with toys, going outside to explore nature, or simply sitting quietly with a book, giving children the freedom to choose how to spend their time is essential for fostering independent play. 5. Model Independent Behaviour Children learn by observing the adults around them. If you want your child to play independently, model independent activities for them. Engage in your own hobbies or tasks nearby while your child plays alone. Whether it’s reading, cooking, or gardening, showing that it’s okay to be absorbed in your own activities will help your child feel confident doing the same. 6. Praise and Encourage Effort, Not Just Results While it’s important to acknowledge your child’s achievements during independent play, it’s even more crucial to praise their effort. Encourage them to try new things and explore different ways of solving problems, even if they don’t immediately succeed. This reinforces the idea that play is about the process, not just the end result, and boosts your child’s confidence to play independently in the future. 7. Respect Their Need for Alone Time Some children may naturally prefer solitary play, while others may need some time to adjust. Respect your child’s pace and provide opportunities for them to play alone when they feel ready. It’s also important to remember that every child is different, so what works for one might not work for another. Trust your child’s cues and adjust your approach accordingly. 8. Encourage Social Play as Well Independent play doesn’t mean your child has to play alone all the time. Encourage social interactions with peers, siblings, or adults to help them learn how to share, collaborate, and communicate. Social play will complement their independent play skills, teaching them valuable lessons about relationships and teamwork. 9. Use Technology Wisely In today’s digital age, many children are drawn to screens, but it’s important to find a balance between technology and hands-on play. Offer educational apps or games that encourage creativity, problem-solving, and exploration, but make sure to limit screen time and prioritise physical, imaginative play. Conclusion Encouraging independent play is a vital part of a child’s emotional and cognitive development. By creating a supportive environment, giving them the freedom to choose, and respecting their individuality, you can help your child build self-confidence, resilience, and creativity. While it may take time and patience, the benefits of fostering independent play will last a lifetime, helping your child become a confident, independent thinker as they grow.

February 19, 2025

The Importance of Routine

Parenthood is one of the most rewarding journeys, yet it often comes with its fair share of challenges. Many parents find themselves stretched thin between managing school schedules, work commitments, extracurricular activities, and household responsibilities. One simple yet transformative solution exists to alleviate stress for both parents and children: establishing routines. “Routines create predictability for children, offering them a comforting sense of structure and stability,” says Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools. “For children, knowing what to expect fosters emotional security and supports their developmental growth, while parents benefit from reduced decision-making fatigue and stronger family connections. “Predictability is crucial for young children as it provides a sense of control in their world. Children feel reassured and emotionally secure when daily activities follow a consistent schedule—such as regular mealtimes, bedtime rituals, or designated play hours. This stability encourages healthy emotional regulation, improves sleep quality, and boosts confidence as they learn to navigate their environment independently. “Simple practices like a calming bedtime routine or a predictable morning schedule can positively impact a child’s mood, behaviour, and ability to focus. These habits prepare children for success not only at home but also in a school setting where transitioning between tasks and adhering to schedules are essential skills. “Parents, too, stand to gain from implementing routines. By reducing the mental load of constant decision-making, routines bring much-needed consistency to parenting. This enables parents to focus more on meaningful interactions with their children and even carve out time for self-care. The beauty of routines lies in their simplicity. A consistent story time, family meal, or evening walk can strengthen bonds and provide moments of restoration for parents. “Moreover, routines don’t have to be rigid to be effective. Families can adapt their schedules to fit their unique needs while maintaining the predictability that helps children and parents alike thrive. “Routines have far-reaching long-term benefits. Children who grow up with predictable schedules are more likely to develop healthy habits, better emotional regulation, and the confidence to navigate the challenges of an unpredictable world. These skills set the stage for academic success, personal growth, and resilience. “By establishing routines that balance the needs of the entire family, parents are laying the foundation for their children’s well-being while reducing their own stress. It’s not about perfection but about finding a rhythm that works for everyone,” concludes Assis. For more insights into child development and fostering emotional security through routines, visit www.dibber.co.za

February 19, 2025

How to Establish a Sleep Routine for Your Baby

One of the biggest challenges for new parents is helping their baby develop healthy sleep habits. A well-established sleep routine not only promotes your baby’s health and development but also provides you with much-needed rest. Here’s how to create a sleep routine that works for your little one: 1. Start Early (But Be Flexible) While newborns won’t have a structured sleep schedule due to their need to eat every few hours, you can gently introduce a bedtime routine as early as six to eight weeks. Consistency is key, but always adapt to your baby’s changing needs. 2. Recognise Sleep Cues Pay attention to your baby’s signals that they’re tired. These might include: 3. Set a Consistent Bedtime Establish a regular bedtime that works for your family’s schedule. Babies thrive on predictability, so aim to start the bedtime routine around the same time each evening. 4. Create a Relaxing Bedtime Routine Develop a soothing pre-sleep ritual to signal that it’s time to wind down. Some ideas include: 5. Teach Day vs. Night Help your baby distinguish between day and night by: 6. Encourage Self-Soothing By around 3-4 months, gently teach your baby to fall asleep on their own. Place them in their crib drowsy but awake, allowing them to learn self-soothing techniques like sucking their thumb or cuddling a soft toy (if age-appropriate). 7. Make the Sleep Environment Comfortable Ensure your baby’s sleep space is safe and inviting: 8. Be Consistent with Nap Times Daytime naps are essential for your baby’s development and nighttime sleep quality. Aim for regular nap times based on your baby’s age and wake windows. 9. Manage Night Wakings It’s normal for babies to wake during the night, especially in the first few months. Respond calmly and keep interactions minimal to avoid stimulating them. Over time, they’ll learn to sleep for longer stretches. 10. Be Patient and Adaptable Every baby is different, and their sleep patterns will change as they grow. Teething, growth spurts, or illness may disrupt routines, but consistency and patience will help re-establish healthy habits. Final Thoughts Establishing a sleep routine takes time and effort, but the rewards are well worth it. A well-rested baby is a happy baby—and happy parents make for a harmonious home. If you find that sleep struggles persist, consider consulting a paediatrician or sleep specialist for additional guidance. Sweet dreams to you and your little one! 🌙

February 18, 2025

Potty Training 101: Signs Your Toddler is Ready

Potty training is an exciting milestone for toddlers and parents alike, but knowing when to start can make the process smoother and more successful. While every child is different, there are common signs that indicate your toddler might be ready to transition out of diapers. Here’s what to look for and how to approach potty training with confidence. Why Timing Matters Starting potty training too early or too late can lead to frustration for both you and your child. When your toddler shows readiness signs, they are more likely to understand the process and participate willingly. Key Signs Your Toddler is Ready 1. Physical Readiness 2. Behavioural Readiness 3. Cognitive Readiness How to Prepare for Potty Training 1. Get the Right Gear 2. Talk About It 3. Create a Routine 4. Be Patient and Positive When to Wait If your toddler shows resistance or isn’t interested, it’s okay to wait a few weeks or months before trying again. Potty training is a process, and forcing it can lead to frustration for both you and your child. Final Thoughts Potty training is an important step toward independence, but it’s a journey that requires patience and encouragement. By looking for these signs of readiness and creating a supportive environment, you can set your toddler up for success. Remember, every child is unique, so don’t compare your potty training timeline to others. Trust your instincts, and before you know it, your little one will be diaper-free!

February 18, 2025

The Magic of the First Touch: Why Skin-to-Skin Care Matters for Moms and Babies

There’s a special kind of magic in the first moments after a baby is born—a moment that many parents describe as pure, overwhelming love. But beyond the warm fuzzies, those initial skin-to-skin moments hold profound benefits for both mom and baby, creating a foundation for lifelong health and bonding. Skin-to-skin care, sometimes called “kangaroo care,” is the simple act of placing a newborn on their mother’s chest immediately after birth, both wrapped in warmth and love. According to health experts, this practice is not only heart-warming but also scientifically proven to benefit the baby’s physical and emotional development. Why Skin-to-Skin is Essential 1. Stabilising Baby’s Vital Signs When a baby is placed against their mother’s chest, something incredible happens. The baby’s heart rate, breathing, and temperature tend to stabilise. This is because a mother’s body acts as a natural incubator, helping the baby adjust gently to the outside world. 2. Boosting Immunity Skin-to-skin contact helps kickstart breastfeeding, which is essential for a baby’s immunity. “Colostrum, the first milk produced by mothers, is like liquid gold. It’s packed with antibodies that protect babies from infections,” says Sr Londe, an independent midwife consultant for Sanosan skincare. 3. Emotional Bonding For mothers, holding their baby skin-to-skin triggers the release of oxytocin, also known as the “love hormone.” This not only strengthens the bond between mom and baby but also reduces maternal stress and promotes feelings of well-being. 4. Supporting Breastfeeding Success Studies show that skin-to-skin care immediately after birth helps mothers start breastfeeding more easily and maintain it longer. This is because the close contact helps stimulate milk production and encourages the baby’s natural instinct to latch. In South Africa, where cultural practices often emphasise family and community, the idea of closeness and nurturing resonates deeply. Skin-to-skin care aligns beautifully with these values, encouraging a deeper connection between mother and baby from the very beginning. Moreover, healthcare providers in South Africa are increasingly advocating for skin-to-skin care in hospital and home-birth settings. This simple yet powerful practice is accessible to all parents and requires no special equipment—just love, warmth, and time. While moms play the primary role in skin-to-skin care, dads and other caregivers can also join in. Holding a baby skin-to-skin fosters bonding and reassures the baby, building emotional security in the process. As Sr Londe explains, “Babies thrive on connection. The more they feel safe, loved, and secure, the better their development will be. Skin-to-skin care is one of the easiest ways to provide that.” Even beyond the hospital, skin-to-skin care can be a regular part of parenting. Holding your baby close during feeding, quiet time, or after a bath can strengthen the bond you share while continuing to provide those emotional and physical benefits. In the end, the magic of the first touch is not just about a moment—it’s about setting the stage for a lifetime of connection, trust, and love. Whether you’re preparing to welcome a baby or reflecting on your parenting journey, remember the incredible power of skin-to-skin care. It’s a gift that costs nothing but gives so much, creating a lasting impact for both mom and baby. Supporting you on this journey is Sanosan baby and mum’s skincare range that has recently launched in Southern Africa. This skincare range truly cares for you and the planet – every product is designed to be as safe and gentle as possible for your baby. With over 35 years of expertise and a commitment to clinical excellence, Sanosan’s products are rigorously tested and certified under strict European regulations. They are free from parabens, silicones, paraffins, SLS / SLES and phenoxyethanol, and their eco-friendly formulas are 90% natural and use green electricity. When creating their formulas, Sanosan pays the utmost attention to a high proportion of natural ingredients. They only use active ingredients that are specially tailored to your baby’s skin. Natural milk protein is the central ingredient in Sanosan and is especially nourishing for the skin. Precious substances like organic olive oil and organic olive extract complement these formulations. Sanosan stands for: healthy skin more than 90% natural ingredients biodegradable formulas responsible attitude towards our environment For more info visit https://sanosan.com Follow Sanosan on: Facebook Instagram Sanosan is available from selected Babies R Us Stores and Clicks Baby and Online stores, amazon.co.za, takealot.com, Makro Online

February 18, 2025

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