Health - Parenting Hub

Expert Advice from Bonitas Medical Fund

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 35 of your pregnancy

You are now 5 weeks away from your due date, should everything go according to plan. This can be both an exciting and nerve-wrecking time, especially if this is your first pregnancy and you’ve never experienced birth first hand. Your body at week 35 At week 35 you’ll probably be feeling tired and heavy – your body will probably be feeling the strain of growing a baby. Frequent urination, lower back and abdominal pain, constipation, Braxton Hicks contractions, tender breasts and trouble sleeping are all normal symptoms at this time. When your baby moves further down into your pelvis (to get ready for birth) you may notice that your shortness of breath improves. While this may help your breathing, it probably won’t help your frequent need to urinate. Your baby moving down is known as lightening or dropping. Your baby at week 35 Your baby is now roughly the size of a pineapple or melon, has lungs that are almost developed, and a brain and nervous system that are still developing. The musculoskeletal system and the circulatory system are fully developed at this point, and if your baby was born premature they will have a very good chance of survival. Babies born between 34 and 37 are called late preterm, and while they may look like a smaller full term baby there are some challenges that they’ll face being born earlier. Your baby will also start to move into position for birth around this time, moving down into your pelvis. Things to keep in mind at week 35 During the third trimester it is recommended that you go for a group B streptococcus test. Although this is a common bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, it can be harmful to newborns. If your test is negative you won’t need to do anything, however, if you are positive you’ll be given antibiotics during labour which will lower the risk of your baby contracting early-onset GBS.

September 23, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 34 of your pregnancy

You have now reached week 34 of your pregnancy. Your birth date is ticking closer and closer, it’s less than two months away now. During this week your baby may drop lower into your abdomen, getting ready for the big day. Your body in week 34 Your body may be feeling the strain of your growing baby. Your breasts are becoming fuller as you approach the final stages of your pregnancy, which could mean they are feeling tender and itchy as the skin stretches. Be sure to invest in a supportive bra to help with the discomfort. Your back and pelvis may also be feeling the strain, and this is generally accompanied by shortness of breath. Leg cramps, worry about your pregnancy and the frequent urge to use the bathroom can mean that your nights are lacking in sleep, leaving you feeling tired and drained during the day. A pregnancy pillow is one way which can help you feel more comfortable at night. Something else to keep in mind, is to be aware that your pregnancy hormones will have made your ligaments looser and muscles more relaxed, so take care when exercising so as to avoid injury. Your baby at week 34 Your little one is getting bigger, and is now roughly the size of a melon. The space inside your womb is also getting tighter, and you might see a little hand or foot pushing a bulge into the side of your belly when they kick. Things for you to keep in mind at week 34 Whether it’s a home birth or hospital that you have chosen, make sure that you feel familiar and comfortable with the process to eliminate any unexpected surprises. If you’ve chosen a hospital, make sure you know which buildings and rooms you need to be in beforehand, and make sure you know where the emergency exit is, just in case. The same goes for the prep of a home birth, ensure that you have a solid back up plan, should anything go wrong during the process.

September 16, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 33 of your pregnancy

You now are in your thirty third week of pregnancy, and at the end of this week you’ll only have 7 more left to go (that’s just under two months!). You are probably often thinking of how your life is going to change with the newest addition to your family, and your sore and aching body serves as a constant reminder of what big changes are on their way. Your body at week 33 Your body may be feeling tired and run down. Pain and discomfort are fairly normal to you, and your body has changed significantly since week 1 of pregnancy. Common pregnancy symptoms at this time are shortness of breath, forgetfulness, constipation, heartburn, leg cramps and a sore back. Your baby at week 33 Your little one is now developing their own immune system, thanks to the antibodies being passed from you to them – enabling them to fight off germs once they are born. All five senses have developed now, and your baby can both hear and see (changes in light) in your belly. Their eyes stay open more regularly while awake and they are able to coordinate sucking and swallowing – an important skill to have once born. Things to keep in mind at week 33 You may notice that you feel irregular contractions from time to time, and these are known as Braxton Hicks contractions. However, it is a good idea to be aware of the difference between Braxton Hicks and the real deal. Braxton Hicks contractions are normally sporadic, irregular and don’t last long periods of time. These false labour pains aren’t painful and they may even stop when you change position or start doing a different activity. True labour contractions in contrast come in regular intervals and the contractions get stronger and closer together as time passes. The contractions won’t go away if you change your position and the pain from these contractions can be felt throughout your abdomen and lower back. If you go into labour before 37 weeks this is known as preterm labour. If you think you are going into preterm labour, call your doctor immediately, as they can do alot to delay your delivery. Treatment for preterm labour isn’t guaranteed to work but it can help you stay pregnant longer – and therefore increase the likelihood that your little one is born healthy and happy.

September 9, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 32 of your pregnancy

You officially have 8 weeks until delivery, but this is likely not to be exact, as many babies aren’t born on their due dates. Your body may be feeling sore and tired, thanks to the strain your growing little one puts on you. Your body at week 32 As you get closer to delivery day, you may notice more frequent Braxton Hicks contractions, which is just your body’s way of preparing for the real-deal. Your feet and ankles may be swollen and your back and pelvis are probably taking strain. Constipation, shortness of breath, fatigue, a sore mouth and leg cramps are also all common pregnancy symptoms at this time. Look after yourself (and your baby) and don’t be afraid to ask for help or to put your feet up for some well earned rest – growing a baby is hard work! Your baby at week 32 Your little one is now roughly the size of a melon and they are practicing breathing, sucking and swallowing to prepare their body for the outside world. Your baby is also busy shedding the lanugo, which is the fine hair covering their body. Most of it will be gone by the time they are born, although some babies are born with some lanugo covering parts of their body. Your baby’s finger and toenails are also growing – you may even find them fairly long when they are born. Things to keep in mind at week 32 of your pregnancy You may be wondering how realistic your due date is, although pregnancies are 40 weeks long, as little as 5% of moms give birth on their due date. Most women give birth to their babies between week 37 and 42, although about 11% of moms-to-be deliver prematurely. If you don’t go into labour within a week of your due date, you will most likely have a nonstress test which monitors your baby’s heart rate and checks they are reacting normally to stimuli. When you hit 42 weeks, your doctor may induce labour.

September 2, 2024

Strokes in children and adults under 45

Strokes, often associated with older adults, can also affect young people. Understanding the causes, risk factors, symptoms and preventive measures is crucial for addressing this serious health issue. It is considered to be an early stroke if the person is younger than 45 – although not as common as older people, about 10-15% of strokes occur in children and adults under 45. Unfortunately, that number is rising. A stroke changes your life in an instant and, although survival rates are high, around two-thirds of stroke survivors live with a disability. Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive with Bonitas Medical Fund, takes a look at some of the causes and risk factors associated with strokes as well as symptoms, treatment and preventative measures. What is a stroke? There are two main causes of stroke: Ischemic (caused by a blocked artery in the brain) and haemorrhagic (related to bleeding in the brain). A stroke may strike seemingly out of nowhere but, approximately 12% of patients may have only a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini stroke up to 90 days before a full-blown stroke. TIAs may cause symptoms similar to an intense migraine when a clot temporarily blocks a blood vessel but gets dislodged. And a silent stroke? According to Harvard Medical School, ‘A silent stroke refers to a stroke that doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms. Most strokes are caused by a clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain, preventing blood and oxygen from reaching that area, resulting in brain cells dying. Depending on the location of the clot, this can cause symptoms such as weakness in an arm or leg, trouble speaking or seeing. Sometimes, the area of damage is small and occurs in a part of the brain that doesn’t control any vital functions, so the stroke remains undetected. Causes and risk factors ‘There are a number of genetic conditions that can lead to a stroke,’ explains Dr Hadebe. Hereditary conditions, such as sickle cell disease or connective tissue disorders Heart problems: Congenital heart defects, arrhythmias or infections like endocarditis Blood vessel abnormalities: Conditions like arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or aneurysms Blood clotting disorders: These can lead to the formation of blood clots that travel to the brain Infections and inflammatory conditions: Certain infections (like meningitis) or autoimmune conditions (like lupus) can cause inflammation and increase stroke risk Hormonal factors: Use of oral contraceptives, particularly in combination with smoking Trauma: Head or neck injuries can damage blood vessels, leading to a stroke He also lists some lifestyle factors that can add to the risk of having a stroke: Smoking Diabetes High cholesterol Heart disease Alcohol Obesity High blood pressure Lack of exercise Unhealthy diet Drug abuse (especially cocaine and methamphetamines) Signs and symptoms ‘The symptoms of a stroke in young people are similar to those in older adults,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘In the youngest of stroke patients, congenital heart abnormalities or heart valve problems that lead to clot formation can cause a stroke. Most important is identifying a stroke and getting medical assistance quickly, the sooner you get treatment the better your chances are of survival and making a full recovery.’ He says you need to BE FAST when remembering stroke symptoms. Balance – trouble walking, dizziness or lack of coordination Eyesight changes – trouble seeing in one or both eyes Facial drooping Arm weakness, especially on just one side Speech difficulty – confusion and trouble speaking Time to get to hospital Women may experience other seemingly unrelated signs of stroke, such as difficulty breathing, general weakness, fainting, hallucinations or nausea and vomiting. Treatment for a stroke An IV injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke. It breaks up the blood clots that block blood flow to your brain however, this type of medication must be given within 3 hours after stroke symptoms start. In cases of haemorrhagic stroke, surgery might be needed to repair blood vessel abnormalities. Recovery time Every stroke is different, the quickest recovery takes place in the days and weeks immediately afterwards but can continue for months and years. For all patients, the recovery process involves making changes in the physical, social and emotional aspects of their life. The injury to the brain can lead to widespread and long-lasting problems with rehabilitation and long-term support needed to help regain as much independence as possible. Brain exercises can help survivors regain thinking, reasoning and memory skills. Other activities include eating a heart-healthy diet, getting regular exercise and limiting alcohol consumption. Mitigating the risks A healthy lifestyle – no matter what your age – that includes regular exercise and a balanced diet can certainly reduce, if not minimise, the risk of having a stroke. Dr Hadebe says, ‘Many strokes can be prevented. Make sure you go for wellness screenings to check your blood pressure and cholesterol levels and work with your clinician to control health conditions that raise your risk. Being aware of the symptoms and following a healthy lifestyle can possibly prevent a stroke from happening in the first place.’

August 21, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 31 of your pregnancy

Your baby is getting bigger and plumper – looking more like the chubby baby you’ll expect to meet. You may be feeling a dip in your energy levels, thanks to a sore body and a less-than-ideal night’s sleep. Your body at week 31 Your breasts and belly are growing, preparing your body for birth and beyond. Your baby’s kicks may be uncomfortable (yet still a comforting reminder that everything is going well in there) and you may find yourself constantly feeling tired. A good night’s sleep may be harder to come by, so it’s important that you eat healthily and exercise as this can help your energy levels. Other common pregnancy symptoms are aching and swollen feet, a sore back, constipation, stretch marks and feeling bloated. Your baby at week 31 Your baby is now roughly the size of a coconut and their bones are slowly hardening. Their skull is soft and made up of unfused bone, so that delivery is easier and brain growth can easily be accommodated. Your little one will be moving around quite a bit at this point, and you may even start to notice some patterns in their movement. However, if you notice a sudden change or stillness in their movements, it’s important to call your doctor quickly as there may be an issue. Things to keep in mind at week 31 As your belly grows, you may find sleeping harder as it becomes more difficult to find a good position to lie in. It is recommended that you sleep on your side. In particular the left side is preferable as this allows optimal blood from the inferior vena cava and takes pressure off your organs. However, don’t worry if you lie on your right as well, whatever makes you feel most at ease. You may feel more comfortable with your knees bent and a pillow tucked between them, and you could pop a pillow under your tummy for added comfort.

August 21, 2024

Advice from the experts

Can you Swim on your Period?

A question I get asked almost daily, is “Can you really swim on your period using only Period Swim bottoms? Like really, really?” When I was in school, I loved the fact that I could get out of swimming during PE lessons by blaming my period. I believe swim coaches have since wizened up and now keep a calendar for each girl – that would have totally scuppered my plans! So how is it possible to swim with just Blushproof® Period Swim Bottoms, no tampon or menstrual cup needed? There’s a myth that your flow stops when you’re in the water. Barring any medical problems, like hormonal disorders that can make you skip periods, your uterus will keep on shedding its lining whether you dive into the ocean or not. However, getting into the water can make it seem like your period goes away. According to Dr. Haughton, an ob-gyn at Weill Cornell Medicine, it’s all thanks to the pressure of the water surrounding your vagina which can counteract the force of gravity that helps blood flow out of your body. There’s no biological magic going on here, it’s all physics. “When you’re in water there’s opposing pressure happening,” says Dr. Haughton. Essentially, the water doesn’t make your period stop, so to speak, but it can block the exit. Source: https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a26801700/does-your-period-stop-in-water/ Will there be a red trail if I bleed in water? Will I attract the sharks? Most people bleed less than 100ml of blood during their 5 or so days so there’s no ways that the water is going to turn into the Crimson Tide. Even a whole pool full of people on their periods wouldn’t give the water even the tiniest tinge of pink! And there’s no chance that this tiny amount of menstrual blood would attract every shark in the ocean (or even just 1 of them)! Does this mean you can swim without using anything? The point of using a tampon, cup or period swim bottoms is to save you on exiting the water. I remember getting out of the water at The Cradle, after swimming a race ,and as I walked up the hill, I had 2 red streaks running down my legs and no bathroom in sight! The Blushproof® Period Swim Bikini bottoms help avoid any leaks (like mine) or stains on your costume by trapping any blood in the hidden gusset. Lots of our customers happily dive in and out of the water all day without even having to give their period a second thought. Reading moms’ ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ 5-star reviews about how confident their daughters are in their period swimwear, really is one of the most rewarding things for me. So schoolgirls, beware! Once the swim coaches know that you can simply wear your Blushproof Period Swim Bottoms under your school costume, there’ll be no escaping those PE sessions! Be sure to get your daughter her Blushproof® Period Swim Bikini bottoms before you go on holiday so that she doesn’t have to miss out on the holiday fun!

July 3, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 24 of your pregnancy

You’re a good few weeks past half way of your pregnancy, which means you are closer than ever to finally meeting your little one. In terms of months, you’re about 6 months in, which means you only have 3 left to go! Your Body at Week 24 As you near your third trimester, you may notice that your body is feeling more uncomfortable thanks to your growing baby. Back ache, tired swollen feet, leg cramps and constipation are all pretty common during pregnancy. You’ll also be gaining weight (which is completely normal) and your breasts are also bigger. Heartburn may be something that you’re struggling with and this is normal during pregnancy thanks to hormones and your growing baby taking up space. Your pregnancy hormones are the reason the valve between your stomach and throat doesn’t close as it should, as the hormones relax the tight muscle between your stomach and your esophagus. Your growing uterus can also put pressure on the stomach, making it more likely that acid can spill out. Your Baby at Week 24 As your baby grows, they are putting on more and more weight, and their muscles are developing and gaining strength – which means their kicks are getting stronger and harder. Your little one also has hair at this point, however, none of it is pigmented yet. Your baby is pretty active now, and you should feel them move around regularly, however, unless you don’t feel your baby moving around for long periods of time, stillness is nothing to be concerned about. Things to take note of While it may seem obvious, eating healthily and frequent exercise are both ways to stay mentally, physically and emotionally happy and healthy during pregnancy. While a few stresses here and there are common, a constant state of worry or sadness is probably a sign of antenatal depression or anxiety. If you feel like you don’t have the energy for small tasks or every small detail of your pregnancy is triggering anxiety, it may be best to both seek the support of those you love, and medical professionals.

July 2, 2024

CryoSave South Africa: A Trusted Choice for Safeguarding Your Baby’s Future with Stem Cell Banking

In the rapidly evolving field of medical science, the importance of stem cells in treating various diseases and conditions cannot be overstated. For expecting parents, the decision to bank their baby’s stem cells is a significant step towards securing the health and well-being of their child. CryoSave South Africa emerges as a distinguished choice for this crucial responsibility, and here are three compelling reasons why. 1. Pioneering Legacy in Stem Cell Banking CryoSave proudly stands as the oldest established stem cell bank in South Africa, with a commendable 20-year history of providing private stem cell processing and storage services in Southern Africa. In a region where public stem cell banks are scarce, CryoSave has been a trailblazer, offering families unparalleled access to cutting-edge technology and expertise. A strategic partnership with PBKM Famicord, the fifth-largest cord blood bank globally, further solidifies CryoSave’s reputation as a trusted family stem cell bank in South Africa. PBKM Famicord, with its extensive international presence and expertise, brings invaluable experience to the table, particularly in the transfer of materials for transplantation. 2. State-of-the-Art Facilities for Unparalleled Security CryoSave’s laboratory in Pretoria stands as a testament to its dedication to excellence. The state-of-the-art processing and storage facility adhere to rigorous international standards, guaranteeing the highest quality in cord blood and tissue preservation. The cord blood samples undergo processing and cryopreservation using internationally validated protocols. Rigorous tests, including viability assessments, cell counts, and sterility evaluations, provide an added layer of assurance for parents entrusting CryoSave with their baby’s precious stem cells. Stored within liquid nitrogen storage tanks at temperatures ranging from -196 to -150 °C, these stem cells remain secure within CryoSave’s fortified facility for long-term preservation. 3. International Accreditation for Unmatched Quality CryoSave South Africa’s commitment to excellence is exemplified by its voluntary pursuit of accreditation from the AABB Association. Dr. Robert Crookes, medical consultant to CryoSave South Africa, emphasizes the significance of AABB accreditation in fostering a level of professional and technical expertise that contributes to quality performance and patient safety. As a member of the Cord Blood Association, CryoSave actively participates in an international network that collaborates to advance cord blood banking and therapies. Led by Professor Joanne Kurtzberg, a distinguished transplant specialist in regenerative medicine, this association reinforces CryoSave’s dedication to staying at the forefront of scientific advancements in stem cell therapy. For more information on CryoSave’s commitment and partnerships, interested readers can visit CryoSave’s website. In conclusion, CryoSave South Africa emerges as a premier choice for parents seeking a reliable partner in safeguarding their baby’s future through stem cell banking. With a rich legacy, state-of-the-art facilities, and international accreditation, CryoSave sets a benchmark for excellence in the critical field of stem cell preservation.

June 26, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 23 of your pregnancy

Your growing baby is making her presence known, and you may regularly feel little kicks inside you when she is awake. Your body is also starting to take some strain, and you may have uncomfortable feet and back to name a few. While you are excited to meet your little one, you may notice this excitement in strangers who might attempt to touch your baby bump, and this added attention is not necessarily something you’re happy with. Your body at week 23 At week 23 you may be experiencing a variety of bodily aches and pains as your body takes on the strain of growing and carrying a small human. Leg cramps, swollen feet, bleeding gums and a tired, sore back are unfortunately all normal during pregnancy. During this time you may also feel stressed out and overwhelmed. Although pregnancy is a beautiful and exciting time, it can also be very stressful for moms to be. You may be under financial strain, and you may feel pressure at work to finish up pieces of work before going on maternity leave. All of this is normal, and if you feel like you’re not coping well it’s important to speak to a health professional who can help you through this tough time. Your baby at week 23 Your baby is now the size of a squash and in their 23 week, your baby is now able to survive outside your body if they are born prematurely (although they aren’t’ ready to be born yet and have lots of growing to do!). Their lungs are developing and their face is fully formed, it just needs to do some filling out first. Your baby is also gaining weight each week (they should double in weight in the next 4 weeks), so by the time your baby is born, she’ll be the plump, chubby little one you’re expecting. Their middle ear bone is also hardening, and they are able to hear you talking to them. Things you should remember at week 23 During your second trimester as your baby bump grows you may experience both wanted and unwanted attention to your baby bump, as well as advice from everyone – from strangers to your mother. Dealing with this added attention can be overwhelming at first, but be sure to state your boundaries clearly if strangers attempt to touch your bump. While some moms-to-be may not mind extra attention, others may not like the invasion of their space when strangers want to touch their growing baby belly.

June 25, 2024

Partnership with GOTG brings water to teaching hospital

When a hospital has interrupted water supplies, the consequences are dire. Water that is essential not only for handwashing, hygiene and drinking but for cleaning and sterilising instruments, laundry, cooling medical gas and suction compressors for patients on ventilators. The list is endless. It is clear that both the patients’ health and the medical staff’s ability to provide quality healthcare will be severely compromised. This is what happened at Kalafong Hospital – an 1 118-bed teaching hospital in Atteridgeville, Pretoria. The hospital was built in the 1973 and services a large population of residents in Pretoria and beyond. The University of Pretoria uses Kalafong Hospital as a training institute for the Faculty of Health Sciences. They reached out to Gift of the Givers (GOTG) with respect to water challenges at the hospital and GOTG agreed to step up to another issue that required humanitarian aid. ‘We rely on stable water supply to service patients adequately and provide a safe training environment for our students,” said Professor Priya Soma-Pillay, the Chairperson of the School of Medicine at UP. ‘As the Chairperson of the School of Medicine at UP responsible for training at our health facilities, I’m grateful to Gift of the Givers Foundation and Bonitas for hearing our plight. With consistent and reliable water supply we can ensure the health and safety of patients, staff, students and the proper functioning of medical equipment.’ GOTG began exploring the possibility of a borehole to supply uninterrupted water and partnered with Bonitas Medical Fund for funding. Drilling began on 20 January this year and by the 26 January they found water at 148 metres. The borehole currently yields 8 000 litres per hour and is literally a fountain of life for this healthcare facility. In addition, 8 x 10 000 litre water storage tanks have been installed. The partnership between Gift of the Givers and Bonitas began in 2018, the key objective: To provide relief to the most vulnerable and marginalised communities, specifically in the field of healthcare interventions. Bonitas donated R1.2 million to the Kalafong Hospital borehole project. Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer of Bonitas says, ‘This and the other projects carried out together with GOTG, align with the Scheme’s commitment to being the medical aid for South Africa. It is the perfect partnership, as we have the same passion and drive to assist where it is needed most. ‘ The borehole will provide water to the hospital’s reservoir and supplement the municipal water supply by 150 000 litres a day. This is over half of the hospital’s daily consumption of between 200 000 and 250 000 litres. It will also help lower running costs by reducing the water bill, these savings can be channelled into other operational costs. Importantly though, when there are intermittent water cuts in the area, the hospital can rely solely on the borehole to continue to function efficiently. The water was tested using The South African National Standard (SANS) 241 test – a drinking water specification that outlines the minimum requirements for potable water to be considered safe for human consumption, after an ultraviolet system was installed Other projects involving the partnership between GOTG and Bonitas include: Sponsoring final year medical students who were struggling financially, water interventions at Tower Psychiatric Hospital, Senekal Orphanage, Cwebeni Village in the Eastern Cape, disaster relief after the KZN floods and the sponsoring an audiology programme testing the hearing of 16 000 learners in KZN. Dr Imtiaz Sooliman says, ‘We know what a difference this consistent water supply has made to Kalafong Hospital. After all, clean water is life and clean water is health. We look forward to our continued partnership with Bonitas, always with the health and wellness of South African being the priority.’

June 24, 2024

Revolutionizing Blood Cancer Treatment: Cord Blood Transplants Provide Hope for Non-Matched Patients

In the past, people with blood cancer’s only hope of a cure was getting a stem cell or bone marrow transplant from a donor, which is called an allogeneic transplant. These patients needed a matched donor, thus the recipient and donor had to have the same immunologic proteins, called HLA. If not a match, the donor cells would attack the recipient’s immune system. Over the past few decades, substantial progress has been made in learning how to perform transplants using donated cells that aren’t a perfect match. Only 25% of people that require an allogeneic transplant, will have a sibling that is a match and 75% will need to find a match elsewhere. However, for southern European, Asian, African, Hispanic, Middle Eastern, or mixed ancestries people, it is often difficult to find a match. Where there is no sibling match for these people, patients can benefit from finding a cord blood match. This is where cord blood from a healthy newborn baby is used in the transplant. The following examples illustrate the incredible progress made with cord blood transplants: In May 2023, Duke University of Medicine published an article about the increased use of cord blood transplants in adults. Dr. Edwin Alyea, Chief Medical Officer stated that”. “More patients can benefit from transplants now because there are more donor options.” In September 2022, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre published an article about how cord blood transplants have saved lives in patients with Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Myeloma. Kirsten Riemer, age 41 of African American and Creole descent, was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia in 2016; and received a cord blood transplant in 2016. She is still disease-free after 7 years. Ali Abouzari, age 67 of Persian descent, was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in 2009; and received a cord blood transplant in 2010. Stuart Apfel, age 63 of Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jewish descent, was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2017; and received a cord blood transplant in 2018. Donamarie Gerardi, age 52 of Southern Italian descent, was diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 2001; and received a cord blood transplant in 2006. Wincheng Lin, age 41 of Chinese descent, was diagnosed with acute leukemia in 2006; and received a cord blood transplant in 2009. Keelly Nieves, age 41 of Colombian descent, was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome in 2020; and received a cord blood transplant in 2020. Ankit Sundaram, age 33 of Indian descent was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in 2019; and received a cord blood transplant in 2019. All these above patients have survived their cancer and are still disease-free today and living normal lives. To this day, nearly 400 adults and children have received cord blood transplants at Memorial Sloan Kettering, of these more than 50% were from non-European ancestry. The major benefits of a cord blood transplant are: The cord blood stem cells do not have to be a perfect match and can be transplanted without harm since a baby’s immune system is less developed and therefore less likely to recognize the patient’s body as foreign. The cord blood stem cells can help stop the cancer from returning after the transplant and are also excellent at combating cancer. The patients are also less likely to have the potentially life-threatening complication called graft versus host disease (GVHD). The stem cells are also immediately available for an urgent transplant, as they are already cryopreserved once a match is found. Given that there are relatively few stem cells in each unit, and the time for the stem cells to settle and start producing blood cells is longer; a way to overcome this is with a new technology called “expansion”. This technology replicates these blood cells in the laboratory before being used in a transplant. Through clinical trials, Duke University has shown that using expansion shortens the time for the stem cells to settle and start producing blood cells from 28 to 12 days. This is much faster than any other transplant technique available. This product, called Omdidubicel, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2023. This means that many more patients will now have access to the therapy. Another option to make cord blood transplants available for more people is to do a haplo-identical cord transplant. This involves a combination of donated cord blood stem cells and half-matched (haploidentical) cells from a related half-matched adult donor, typically a parent, child, or sibling. Medication given after the transplant, dampens the immune response among the newly transplanted cells to discourage graft versus host disease. Another way to make cord blood transplants available to patients that cannot endure high-dose chemotherapy before a transplant is to allow low-dose chemotherapy before the transplant, for it was found in these instances that the transplanted cord blood can recognize and kill cancer cells that were not eliminated by the chemotherapy. Today, more than 50,000 of these transplants have been performed worldwide. Cord blood even contains rare stem and progenitor cells for tissues that are different from the blood. Scientists are studying the likelihood that cord blood cells could be used to repair damaged tissues including those in the heart, brain and pancreas. To quote from an article in Diabetologica in 2011: “By implication, it appears that the stem cells in cord blood may hold more promise for the formation of pancreatic beta cells than those in bone marrow”. With all of these developments in regenerative medicine, it would be a great investment in a family’s future for parents to make the choice to bank their baby’s umbilical cord- and tissue stem cells at birth. References Gupta AO, Wagner JE. Umbilical Cord Blood Transplants: Current Status and Evolving Therapies. Front Pediatr. 2020 Oct 2;8:570282. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.570282. PMID: 33123504; PMCID: PMC7567024. https://medschool.duke.edu/stories/more-options-people-blood-cancers https://www.mskcc.org/news/how-msks-cord-blood-transplant-program-has-saved-lives Huang, C.J., Butler, A.E., Moran, A. et al. A low frequency of pancreatic islet insulin-expressing cells derived from cord blood stem cell allografts in humans. Diabetologia 54, 1066–1074 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2071-2

June 19, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 22 of your pregnancy

Your second trimester has you feeling more yourself, and feeling your growing baby moving inside your tummy is bound to bring a smile to your face. Your body may be feeling some strain as your baby grows in weight and size, and you’ll need to remember to eat healthy in order to ensure that you little one receives all the needed nutrients from you. Changes to your body at week 22 Your body may be feeling slightly uncomfortable all round thanks to the changes that pregnancy has had on your body. You may notice your back, pelvis and hips aching, leg and foot cramps, as well as swollen feet. This can be alongside heartburn, constipation (and possible haemorrhoids) as well as stretch marks. Your baby’s growth at week 22 Your baby is now approximately the size of a coconut and is sleeping in cycles – the time that you don’t feel them moving around will be when they are asleep. At this time your little ones taste buds are developing, and what they find tasty later in life may be influenced by what you’re eating. So try to keep it healthy and to stick to fruit and wholesome veggies. Their eyes are almost fully developed but lack colour in the iris. Your little one is also becoming more sensitive to outside stimuli, so you may notice that they react to loud noises. Things to remember at week 22 During your pregnancy, eating healthily is something that is important to keep in mind. Afterall, what you eat is nourishment for your baby. During your second trimester try and eat foods that are rich in protein, calcium and iron. These will help your baby’s growth – protein helps in tissue development, calcium helps in the formation of bones and teeth, and iron helps carry oxygen to your developing baby.

June 18, 2024

Coronary CT – detecting disease before it becomes life threatening

Radiology imaging techniques play a crucial role in the early diagnosis, management and monitoring of lifestyle diseases. Advancements in high-quality imaging, using reduced radiation doses, have positioned radiology ideally for this role. This contributes significantly to the understanding and treatment of these conditions. One such condition is cardiovascular disease, which accounts for approximately 30% of deaths worldwide, coronary artery disease is the commonest form. Dr Vishesh Sood, a diagnostic radiologist practising at SCP Radiology, says ‘radiology’s role in diagnosing and managing coronary artery disease is pivotal.’ What is coronary artery disease? Coronary artery disease is the gradual narrowing of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to your heart. What causes this narrowing? It is caused by plaque building up in the inner lining – a process known as atherosclerosis. Plaque is made up of deposits of varying degrees of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin. As it builds up in the arteries, the artery walls become progressively thickened and stiff. What happens when this build up occurs? These signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease occur when the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood. Reduced blood flow to the heart can cause a wide range of symptoms, most commonly chest pain (angina) and shortness of breath. A complete blockage of blood flow can cause a heart attack, which means that blood flow to a part of the heart is reduced for a long enough time and the heart muscle is permanently damaged or dies. What are the risk factors you CAN control? High blood pressure Elevated cholesterol levels Smoking Diabetes Overweight or obesity Lack of physical activity Unhealthy diet and stress What you can’t control However, it’s important to note that genetics also play a crucial role in determining an individual’s risk level. Managing coronary artery disease involves adopting lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking, along with medications like statins to lower cholesterol. A coronary CT empowers doctors to recommend these changes and treatments, with the aim of preventing serious cardiovascular events How long does this condition take to develop? Coronary artery disease generally progresses gradually over decades. The disease may go entirely unnoticed, until a significant blockage causes problems or a heart attack occurs. ‘Which is why,’ says Dr Vishesh Sood, ‘we advocate the use of a CT Coronary Angiography, the most sensitive imaging method to confirm the disease.’ He says, ‘This is particularly important in patients with non-specific symptoms, for example chest pain, which could be caused by a range of problems like musculoskeletal issues, gastrointestinal conditions or even anxiety. In these instances, coronary CT angiography is an excellent non-invasive test to confirm whether high levels of plaque are present in the coronary arteries.’ What is a CT Coronary Angiography (CTCA)? It produces detailed images of the heart for precise evaluation of the coronary arteries. A contrast dye is injected into a vein (usually in the arm) before imaging, to increase the visibility of any obstructions in the coronary arteries. The advantages It provides high resolution images of the coronary arteries, during a short, non-invasive procedure. The disadvantages Even though CTCA provides detailed images of the coronary arteries, it does not allow for interventions, such as inserting a stent during the same procedure. It is used primarily for diagnosis. Dr Sood says, ‘This is not the only method for detecting coronary artery disease. The diagnostic ‘gold standard’ has always been coronary/catheter angiography.’ What is a Coronary (Catheter) Angiography During this procedure, a catheter is threaded through blood vessels to the coronary arteries and a contrast dye is injected to make the arteries visible on X-ray images. The advantages It allows for detailed analysis of the blood flow within the coronary arteries. If a balloon needs to be inserted to stretch open a narrowed or blocked artery, it can be done at the same time. ‘Although’, says Dr Sood, ‘the more popular choice is to insert a permanent stent to allow blood to flow more freely, which can also be performed during a Coronary Angiography.’ The disadvantages It is an invasive procedure. Threading a catheter through blood vessels, usually from the groin or wrist, up to the coronary arteries can be uncomfortable for patients. It may take an hour or longer to complete and may result in bleeding, infection and some potential damage to blood vessels. Who makes the decision to do either procedure? The specialist will do a thorough assessment and then makes the decision. ‘The choice between cardiac CT and angiogram depends on the specific situation, the information needed and individual patient factors,’ explains Dr Sood. ‘Cardiac CT is often used for initial screening non-invasive assessment, while conventional coronary angiography is usually for cases where more detailed information about the blood flow is required or when the plan is to insert a balloon or stent into the artery to expand it.’ CTCA is quickly becoming a cornerstone in modern cardiology to detect coronary disease can be detected and managed before it becomes life threatening.

June 14, 2024

Should I let my Teenager sleep all day? Pros vs Cons

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, explores the pros and cons of letting your teen sleep during the day. “The teenage years are a period of intense growth and development, both physically but also mentally and emotionally,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “One aspect of teenage life that often becomes a point of contention between parents and their adolescents is sleep – specifically, the tendency for teens to sleep late into the day, especially on weekends or holidays. There are pros and cons to consider before deciding whether to allow your teenager to sleep all day.” Understanding Teenage Sleep Patterns Teenagers have unique sleep needs. According to The American Academy of Pediatrics, those aged between 13 and 17 require about 8-10 hours of sleep per night for optimal health. However, due to a shift in their circadian rhythms during puberty, most teens naturally fall asleep later at night and, consequently, need to sleep later into the morning. This biological change, combined with early school start times and social and academic obligations, often leads to a significant sleep deficit in teenagers. Pros of Allowing Teens to Sleep In #1 Catching Up on Missed Sleep Allowing teenagers to sleep in can help them catch up on the sleep they miss during the school week. This “catch-up” sleep can be vital for their physical and mental health, helping mitigate the effects of sleep deprivation. #2 Respecting Biological Changes By permitting teens to follow their natural sleep patterns, parents acknowledge and respect the biological changes their children are undergoing. This respect for their bodily needs can foster a more understanding and supportive family environment. #3 Improved Mood and Cognitive Function Extra sleep can lead to improved mood, better cognitive function, and higher academic performance. Well-rested teens are generally more pleasant, less prone to mood swings, and perform better in school. Cons of Allowing Teens to Sleep In #1 Disrupted Sleep Patterns While catching up on sleep might seem beneficial, sleeping late can disrupt the body’s natural circadian rhythm. This disruption can make it harder for teenagers to fall asleep at a reasonable hour when the new week begins, leading to a cycle of sleep deprivation. #2 Reduced Daytime Productivity Sleeping through the morning and part of the afternoon can significantly reduce the time available for daytime activities, including studying, exercising, and socialising. This reduction can impact academic performance, physical health, and social development. #3 Missed Opportunities for Family Interaction When teenagers sleep much of the day away, they miss opportunities to engage with family members, participate in shared activities, and contribute to household responsibilities. This isolation can strain family relationships and hinder the development of life skills. Striking a Balance Given the pros and cons, the key lies in finding a balance that respects teenagers’ biological needs while promoting healthy habits and family integration. Here are some strategies to consider: #1 Set Reasonable Limits Agree on a reasonable weekend wakeup time that allows for extra sleep but doesn’t waste the entire day. This compromise respects your teen’s need for more sleep while maintaining a more consistent sleep schedule. #2 Promote Good Sleep Hygiene Encourage habits that promote better sleep, such as limiting screen time before bed, creating a comfortable sleep environment, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule as much as possible. #3 Foster Open Communication Discuss the importance of sleep and its impact on health and well-being with your teenager. Understanding the reasons behind sleep guidelines can motivate teens to adopt healthier sleep practices. #4 Encourage Daytime Productivity Help your teenager create a balanced schedule that includes time for sleep, studies, physical activity, socialising, and family time. A structured but flexible plan can help teens manage their time more effectively.

June 13, 2024

Early intervention is key to overcoming infertility

June is World Infertility Awareness Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness around infertility challenges faced by a large number of people across the world. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), around 17.5% of adults – roughly 1 in 6 worldwide – experience infertility. It’s a major health challenge globally, affecting high-, middle-, and low-income countries alike. World Infertility Awareness Month highlights the Importance of access to infertility therapies through effective parenthood solutions at recognised infertility centres. Causes of infertility Infertility can affect both men and women and can be attributed to many causes. Male infertility can be caused by abnormal sperm production or function, challenges with sperm delivery, exposure to certain environmental factors (such as cigarette smoking, anabolic steroid use, marijuana, alcohol, and certain medications), and damage from cancer or its treatment. Female infertility may result from ovulation disorders, uterine or cervical abnormalities, fallopian tube damage or blockage, endometriosis, early menopause, pelvic adhesions and cancer or its treatment. Age is a key factor in the decline of fertility for both men and women. While men over the age of 40 may be less fertile than younger men, a woman’s fertility declines after the age of 35. This decline in women progresses quickly after the age of 37, due to the lower number and quality of eggs. According to Dr Jack Biko, President of the Southern African Society of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecological Endoscopy (SASREG), infertility can stem from issues present at birth or those that develop later in life, affecting one or both partners. “Infertility is determined after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse without a pregnancy. Women over the age of 35 should seek an evaluation if they have not been able to conceive after six months.” An infertility diagnosis can lead to feelings of distress and anxiety and may negatively impact the wellbeing of a person or a relationship. But help is available. “Early diagnosis by a fertility specialist can identify fertility challenges promptly, allowing for more effective and timely interventions,” says Dr Biko. “Fertility clinics provide medical support as well as counselling and emotional guidance to help couples navigate this difficult time with hope and resilience. Seeking treatment also ensures that you receive a personalised care plan tailored to your specific situation, which optimises your chances of a successful pregnancy.” Consider fertility preservation Age is one of the most common causes of infertility, with the growing trend of people starting their families at an older age. Egg or sperm freezing can help to address this issue. “One option that is becoming increasingly popular with women is elective egg freezing,” says Dr Biko. “It’s a prudent choice for women who wish to preserve their fertility for future family planning. By freezing your eggs at a younger age, typically in your late 20s to early 30s, you may safeguard your chances of conception later in life, when natural fertility starts to decline.” Dr Biko says this proactive approach allows families, especially women, to focus on personal, professional, or educational goals without the immediate pressure of starting a family. “Advances in cryopreservation technology have improved the success rates of using frozen eggs, making it a viable option for those planning ahead. The success of egg freezing, however, is highly dependent on the age of the woman at the time of freezing, with women under 35 having much better outcomes.” This option can be especially empowering for women who have not yet decided to have a child, or who are delaying pregnancy to focus on career advancement. Increasing your chances of achieving a successful pregnancy later in life reduces the stress and pressure associated with the natural decline in fertility. Egg, sperm, or embryo freezing is also used for fertility preservation for medical reasons, such as people with a condition, or facing treatment for a condition, which may lead to infertility. For example, cancer treatments such as radiation, surgery and chemotherapy may either temporarily or permanently impact your ability to produce healthy eggs or sperm, and freezing them prior to starting therapy may improve your chances of starting a family later. Taking control of your reproductive future For many people, knowing they have preserved their healthy sperm or eggs provides a sense of security and control over their reproductive futures. However, there is a lack of awareness about fertility preservation options. Proper counselling tailored to the personal backgrounds of patients is essential, as is the need for accurate information to help people make informed decisions. Empowering yourself through knowledge is a key step in addressing fertility concerns. If you are struggling to conceive or if you would like to preserve your future fertility, don’t delay, have an open conversation about fertility treatment options with your doctor. References 1. World health Organisation (WHO). 1 in 6 people globally affected by infertility: WHO. Accessed 20 May 2024. Available at:https://www.who.int/news/item/04-04-2023-1-in-6-people-globally-affected-by-infertility#:~:text=Around%2017.5%25%20of%20the%20adult,care%20for%20those%20in%20need. Boivin J et al. Tailored support may reduce mental and relational impact of infertility on infertile patients and partners. RBMO 2022. Mayo Clinic. Infertility. Accessed 20 May 2024. Available at: https:www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20354317. Alteri A et al. Elective egg freezing without medical indications. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. Panagiota Nakou (20 Mar 2024): Women’s reproductive choice and (elective) egg freezing: is an extension of the storage limit missing a bigger issue? The New Bioethics. DOI: 10.1080/20502877.2023.2300233

June 12, 2024

Unlocking the Future of Healthcare: What is Cord Blood- and Tissue Stem Cell Banking?

As parents with a newborn on the way, nothing is more valuable than your child’s health. The umbilical cord functions as the baby’s support throughout pregnancy, by connecting them to the placenta. It serves as a source of oxygen, providing them with nutrition and antibodies. The umbilical cord, cord tissue, and placenta have historically been discarded; however, more parents are storing (or “banking”) their baby’s cord blood and cord tissue for possible future use. Cord blood is the blood left inside your baby’s umbilical cord after delivery. The umbilical cord blood is a rich source of stem cells, these “precursor” cells are exceptional because they can mature or grow into different types of blood cells, such as platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. It also contains special types of stem cells as found in bone marrow, that can help improve the immune system. Therefore, cord blood stem cells are perfect for treating many of the diseases that can affect the immune and blood system (1). Cord blood stem cells help treat several diseases like leukemia, genetic disorders, diseases of the immune system and much more. Cord blood stem cells have the ability to treat more than 80 approved conditions and are being studied in more than 7,600 clinical trials for numerous regenerative therapies. Today, cord blood banking is already changing lives and there have already been more than 40,000 cord blood transplants around the world since the 1980s (2). Currently, new therapies are continually being developed to use these stem cells. Additionally, stem cells found in the umbilical cord tissue and placenta can also be banked. The umbilical cord itself is also a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells and these stem cells are found in the “Wharton’s Jelly”. As with cord blood-forming stem cells, these tissue-forming stem cells are also a rich and powerful source of stem cells. Both these types of stem cells have strong regeneration and differentiation capacity, possess a high level of stem cells, exhibit less immune rejection, and have fewer DNA mutations, are easily accessible and valuable stem cell sources. Cord tissue contains various exceptional cell types, which might in the future provide therapies for heart disease, spinal cord injury, autism, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and many more. In the correct environments and given the right signals, the umbilical cord stem cells can differentiate into many different cell types. As a result, they are very valuable in treating an increasing selection of medical conditions where specialised cells are injured and need replacing (3). The term ‘cord blood banking‘ means saving the newborn stem cells found in the blood of the umbilical cord, tissue and/or the placenta. Once the baby is born, it is possible to collect these cells and bank them in cryogenic storage for many years (currently CryoSave saves these stem cells for an initial period of 20 years, after which the period can be extended). The stem cells in cord blood can be collected without any risk to the baby or mother. This is the only chance you will get to store these types of stem cells – in the moments after birth. You can store the most powerful source of stem cells within minutes after birth if you choose to bank your baby’s cord blood and tissue. The cord blood and cord tissue stem cells are younger, have less exposure to harmful environmental factors or disease and are more “unspoiled” than adult stem cells. Storing your baby’s own cord blood safeguards that they will always have immediate access to their own stem cells which is a perfect stem cell match. Thus, any stem cell treatment or future possible organ replacement is available without the chance of rejection. Your baby’s stem cells may also be a match for a sibling (25%) and is always a partial match for the parents (50%). Cord blood banking is non-invasive and should have no impact on your birth plan or delivery process. Your gynaecologist or midwife can perform the collection after your baby is safely delivered. Once they collect the cord blood and a piece of the cord tissue in a sterile manner, and after your maternal bloods have been collected, our dedicated medical couriers will come to the maternity ward to collect the sample and bring it directly back to our laboratory. The cord blood and tissue will be processed, cryopreserved and cryogenically stored for 20 years or more, according to our AABB standard approved procedures. Various other tests will be performed to ascertain the number of stem cells, viability, sterility, recovery percentage and maternal infectious marker status. CryoSave understands that the day of the birth of your baby is one of the most significant days of your life. We make the process as seamless as possible from beginning to end. Once you have decided to bank your baby’s stem cells with us, we will organise everything for you. On the day of the birth, you only have to ensure that you take the Collection Kit with you. Your gynaecologist or midwife will perform the stem cell collection using the items found in your collection kit. We will assist to arrange for a nurse to draw the maternal bloods if required. All you have to do is call CryoSave and we will arrange collection using our dedicated courier to pick up the sample. CryoSave will take care of everything else for you. Your newborn may form part of the next generation to survive beyond 100 years of age. The likelihood is they will need stem cells to keep healthy. These umbilical cord blood and tissue stem cells, in the future, could be used for the treatment of diseases for your baby and even your family and will repair and heal damaged tissue or even regenerate organs. This is why over 4 million families worldwide have chosen to protect their baby’s health by banking their cord blood and tissue. References: Waller-Wise R. Umbilical cord blood: information for childbirth educators. J Perinat Educ. 2011

June 12, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 21 of your pregnancy

At week 21 of your pregnancy you’re now just over half to meeting your baby for the first time. You’re still in your third trimester, so take advantage of feeling better with a smaller baby bump while you can. Your body at week 21 Typical pregnancy symptoms during this are an achy back, swollen feet, heartburn, hot flashes, forgetfulness (nicknamed ‘baby brain’) and leg cramps. You may have also noticed stretch marks on tummy, breasts, thighs and butt, and this is thanks to your quickly growing tummy and baby. Headaches during pregnancy are fairly normal, especially if you’re slightly tired or dehydrated. However, if you experience bad headaches for hours on end, or ones that won’t go away, consult your doctor as you may have high blood pressure. This is also known as pre-eclampsia, which is a pregnancy complication characterised by high-blood pressure and protein in your urine. Your baby at week 21 Your baby is now the length of a banana or a carrot. Around this time your baby will also start sleeping and waking at different times (not necessarily the same as yours though). Your baby is also drinking amniotic fluid, although the placenta is how they receive the majority of their nourishment. Things to keep in mind at week 21 Braxton Hicks contractions are also known ‘false labour’ and they are your body’s way of preparing you for labour. These contractions are your womb contracting and relaxing and while they can be uncomfortable, they aren’t painful. Braxton Hicks contractions vary in length, and aren’t rhythmic, which is what differentiates them from normal contractions. There isn’t a treatment for these contractions, but changing your position (if you’re lying down) or taking a relaxing bath or nap can help ease them. If you’re unsure of whether or not you’re having Braxton Hicks contractions or labour contractions, contact your doctor immediately, as you may be going into preterm labour.

June 11, 2024

Championing the fight to prevent pneumonia

Every year a day is set aside to raise awareness of pneumonia, promote prevention, treatment and provide an annual forum for the world in the fight against pneumonia. The theme for World Pneumonia Day in 2024* is, ‘Championing the fight to prevent pneumonia’. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is one of the most common causes of morbidity in SA children, despite improvements in immunisation and HIV management programmes. WHO also states that globally a child dies from pneumonia every 30 seconds. This is higher than malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis combined. In South Africa, flu and pneumonia ranked second (after intestinal infectious disease) as the leading cause of death in children under 5 years. This just doesn’t make sense when vaccines are available in both the private and public healthcare sector for children and adults. As part of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation, babies have a series of 4 vaccinations: At 2 months of age, 4 months, 6 months and 12–15 months. What is Pneumonia? Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund says, ‘pneumonia is a respiratory infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and difficulty breathing’. Types of Pneumonia Bacterial pneumonia Viral pneumonia Fungal pneumonia Aspiration pneumonia: This type is more common among certain people, including older people and those with nerve disorders or swallowing issues The flu shot as the first line of protection Dr Hadebe recommends having a flu vaccine and says it is the first line of defence when it comes to protecting yourself. Studies show it reduces the risk of contracting flu by about 50 to 60% and also helps prevent the development of Pneumonia. According to the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM – 2015), ‘In addition to reducing the risk of hospitalisation for an influenza (flu) infection itself, flu vaccination appears to reduce the likelihood of hospitalisation for influenza-associated complications such as pneumonia.’ Perhaps the more telling piece of data shows that only 29% of the overall population have been vaccinated against flu, emphasising the need for more effective delivery of preventative services to prevent Pneumonia deaths. Pneumococcal vaccine There is also a vaccine that protects you against Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria which causes 80% of Community Acquired Pneumonias (CAPs). These streptococcal bacteria can spread from the nose, throat and ears to cause pneumonia – a severe infection of the lungs. It also protects you against other pneumococcal diseases including those of the bloodstream (Bacteraemia) and the lining of the brain and spinal cord (Meningitis). Who should have the Pneumococcal vaccine? People over 65, particularly in a retirement village Anyone with heart and lung problems, including asthma or with chronic illnesses like anaemia, diabetes or kidney failure. Immune-suppressed people, including those who are HIV-positive Caregivers and close contacts of any of the above Smokers, as they are more prone to respiratory illnesses Cancer sufferers The WHO reports that some preliminary studies suggest that obesity and especially extreme obesity, may also be a risk for more severe disease. Signs and symptoms of Pneumonia may include: Chest pain when you breathe or cough Confusion or changes in mental awareness (in adults aged 65 and older) A cough, which may produce phlegm Fatigue Fever, sweating and shaking chills Lower than normal body temperature (in adults older than age 65 and people with weak immune systems) Nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea Shortness of breath When to see a doctor? With virtual consultations readily available, it’s recommended you first consult your doctor via a telephone or video call to discuss your symptoms, especially if you are having difficulty breathing, chest pain, persistent fever of (39°C) or higher or a persistent cough, especially if you’re coughing up phlegm. Your physician will then decide whether you need a face-to-face consult and examination. Dr Hadebe says that, despite the evidence of the efficacy of these vaccinations, there is not enough uptake. ‘It is up to each one of us to take charge of our health, this includes having regular wellness checks and ensuring that you have a flu vaccine and, if you are vulnerable to develop pneumonia, have the pneumonia vaccine at the same time.’ Remember that your GP is your first port of call for all your healthcare needs.

June 10, 2024

Why dairy has a significant place in sustainable diets

Many South African consumers are becoming more aware of the climate change impacts of their food choices and are looking for practical ways to shift towards a more sustainable diet. Including more vegetables and fruit, whole-grains and legumes in our family meals is certainly more environmentally friendly. However, sustainable diets must also be healthy diets and because of their unmatched nutritional quality, animal-based foods such as dairy play a vital role in sustainable diets. It’s important to understand what the experts mean when they talk about sustainable diets. Environmental factors are an important consideration but so are nutritional needs, affordability and whether the diet is culturally acceptable. A sustainable diet must be one that is accessible, affordable as well as good for the planet and people’s well-being. According to registered dietitian at Rediscover Dairy, Maretha Vermaak, “A healthy diet consists mostly of plant-based foods and includes moderate amounts of eggs, dairy, poultry, and fish, and small amounts of red meat. This balance of a variety of foods is really important. Diets that are predominately or exclusively plant-based may lack several micronutrients, such as vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and zinc, which are essential for the body’s functioning and the prevention of nutritional deficiencies. Not only are animal-source foods such as dairy rich in most of these micronutrients, but their bioavailability is also higher compared to plant-sourced foods. Another important consideration when it comes to sustainable diets is that consuming a diet that exceeds a person’s energy requirements is regarded as an environmental burden. Reducing overconsumption and improving the energy balance of your diet will have both health and environmental benefits. This is relevant in countries such as South Africa where we have such high rates of overweight and obesity.” Because diets are culturally based and geographically influenced, different populations have certain nutritional challenges. For instance, in South Africa calcium intake is low across all age groups, and researchers have attributed this in part to a low consumption of dairy. Therefore, the South African food-based dietary guidelines encourage the consumption of milk, yoghurt or maas on a daily basis. Professor Mieke Faber, Extraordinary Professor at North West University explains, “The impact of dietary shifts on health and the environment is context-specific due to diverse food systems and discrepancies in food security and nutritional status across and within countries. In most high-income countries, consumption of animal-source foods should be limited because of high risks of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and environmental footprints. So, shifts towards a more plant-based diet will simultaneously reduce health risks and environmental impact. However, in many low- and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of nutrient deficiencies and undernutrition such as South Africa, diversifying the diets and increasing the intake of animal-source foods will be needed to supply adequate amounts of essential nutrients, with a consequent increase in environmental impact. Under these circumstances, meeting dietary requirements and nutrition targets would be the priority, with a somewhat higher environmental impact as a trade-off.” As you think of ways to make your family’s diet more climate friendly and sustainable, you need to take into account healthy balance and nutritional quality as well as consider other factors around food consumption that impact on the environment: Eating more plant-based foods – experiment with ways to include more vegetable and fruit, legumes, grains, nuts and seeds in your meals. Some ideas include planning meals that use a variety of differently coloured vegetables, adding leafy greens and tomato to your cheese sandwich or spinach and red pepper to an omelette. Try out delicious recipes for meals that are plant-based and boost the nutritional quality by including legumes and dairy. Limiting highly processed foods – reduce the amounts of nutrient-poor sugary beverages, salty snacks and high fat take-aways that you purchase every month. Instead focus your food budget on food choices that are nutrient-dense such as fresh vegetables, fruit, milk, yoghurt and maas. Cultivate an interest in cooking from scratch, and make preparing healthy meals and lunchboxes a fun, team effort in your home. Swapping out red meat – Use smaller portions of beef and add legumes such as beans, lentils and chickpeas to bulk up a stew, curry, mince sauce or casserole. It helps to plan fewer red meat-based meals in a month, opting instead for chicken, fish or vegetarian alternatives. Reducing your food waste – many consumers don’t realise that our collective food waste is a major contributor (around 10%) to global greenhouse gas emissions. So, cutting down our food waste is one of the most effective ways that consumers can lead more climate friendly lives. This means planning your meals, shopping only for what you need, storing food correctly, freezing surplus food whenever possible, giving away excess food and making sure you use perishable food items such as dairy before their expiry dates. Recycling, reusing and repurposing food packaging waste – while food packaging has a protective role, it is a major contributor to environmental pollution. Actively reduce your use of single-use plastics and use reusable shopping bags for your food shopping. In addition, set up a family system for recycling, reusing or repurposing your food packaging waste to reduce your household’s impact on the environment. Growing anxiety about the climate crisis is motivating more people to be open to adapting their diets and this presents an opportunity for us to also improve our food choices for better health. Every shift we make towards climate friendly lifestyles must include our focus on nutritional quality and its impact on our well-being, all within the framework of our food budgets. This means that nutrient-dense, affordable, accessible foods such as dairy will have a long future when it comes to being part of sustainable diets.

June 7, 2024

Tackling women’s health holistically

‘A woman’s health is her Capital’ As far back as 2014 at the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ‘Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Forum’, South Africa stated their alliance with WHO’s statement and said, ‘the health of mothers and their children is key to achieving development equity.’ Which is why Bonitas Medical Fund, the Medical Aid for South Africa, has teamed up with CareWorks, to bolster its mother and childcare benefits and introduce a new Female Health Care Programme. With this renewed commitment to the health and wellbeing of women and toddlers, the Scheme will shine a light on the importance of preventative care and empower women to prioritise their health. ‘In South Africa, women face a range of health challenges influenced by socioeconomic, cultural and environmental dynamics at play,’ says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas. ‘Many of these healthcare factors are unique to women. Early disease detection and appropriate care programmes are proven key factors in improving treatment outcomes and prognosis. Dr Hadebe says, ‘It is common knowledge that women often put their own health needs aside to care for their families. This programme will pro-actively assist women and provide them with support, to ensure that they access prevention services when they need to, as well as treatment plans.’ Top health issues in South African women are: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Diabetes in South Africa’s is the second deadliest disease and is also the leading cause of death among women in the country. 68% of women are obese, which is a strong risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. In addition, it is estimated that 10% of pregnant women in South Africa have gestational diabetes, which may go undiagnosed. This evidences the urgent need for screening and diagnosis. Breast and Cervical Cancer The statistics are stark: 1 in 6 women worldwide is estimated to develop cancer during their lifetime. By 2040, there will be a projected rise to 30 million new cancer cases amongst women globally. Screening services are encouraged for early HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) detection and breast cancer diagnosis. Mental Health Approximately 25.7% of South Africans are affected by probable depression, with similarly elevated levels of anxiety, particularly among women. These rates are influenced by socio-economic status, adverse childhood experiences and educational levels. HIV/Aids South Africa has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world – with women, especially young women, being disproportionately affected. Of the 7.3 million adults living with HIV, 64% are women. According to Dr Mizpah Moru, the Clinical Service Manager of CareWorks, ‘The programme is focussed on educating and empowering women to take control of their health and to address any barriers that may stop them accessing health services. ‘We have a highly skilled female team of clinicians who understand the specific healthcare needs of women.’ Online Assessment and Preventative Screening There are various modules in the Self Health Evaluation (SHE) – each are educational and designed to alert potential red flags related to the likes of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. Other modules deal with prevalent cancers, mental health, pregnancy and communicable diseases like HIV, as well as screening questions for TB and STIs. SHE and risk identification will enable targeted messaging to members. Screening results will trigger a support process to assist members in accessing appropriate, targeted care programmes. ‘We’ve taken proactive steps to address their unique healthcare needs. Our aim is to provide inclusive, tailored healthcare solutions at every stage of life,’ says Dr Hadebe. Female members will be encouraged to access their Bonitas benefits to: Promote preventative care strategies for both females and toddlers Detect non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, mental disorders, cancers, etc. Help females plan appropriately during their reproductive ages Help expecting mothers to detect and manage any risks and complications as early as possible in their pregnancy Improve access for females and toddlers to essential care Improve parent education and awareness about toddler care Expansion of the Maternity Programme The comprehensive Maternity Programme includes support for new parents with milestone reminders for children under three, immunisation reminders and online screenings for infant and toddler health. Enhanced support for expecting mothers, includes: Early identification of high-risk pregnancies Weekly engagement for high-risk pregnancies Post-childbirth follow-up calls Online assessments for pregnancy and mental health Midwives and nursing sisters will provide nurturing and caring support to women who have suffered a miscarriage and assist them in working through both the physical and mental issues associated with the loss of their baby. Support will be offered to parents of neonatal babies The programme also includes a library of female specific health topics – with a monthly focus – screening reminders and support, all communicated through SMS, WhatsApp, emails, calls and other existing digital platforms. ‘The aim of the new Female Health Care Programme is to raise awareness and promote education around health and wellness,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘It’s about influencing behaviour positively and encouraging early screening and preventative services. Importantly, it is also about providing inclusive, tailored healthcare solutions at all stages of life, to help members live their healthiest life.’

June 7, 2024

Beyond the Classroom: Dibber’s Seed-to Spoon Philosophy Fosters Healthy Habits

Dibber International Preschools is a leader in early childhood education based on the Nordic model and international standards. Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools, emphasises the importance of early childhood development and literacy in shaping the futures of young learners. “At Dibber, we believe that a well-rounded education begins with the basics, which includes literacy and cognitive skills and well rounded practices like mindful eating,” says Assis. The Importance of Mindful Eating in Early Education Mindful eating is a practice that involves being fully attentive to one’s food and using all senses to enjoy and appreciate meals. At Dibber, cultivating this habit in young children can significantly improve their lifelong health and well-being. Assis notes, “By teaching children to engage with their food mindfully, we are helping them to develop healthy eating habits that will serve them well throughout their lives.” The Dibber Meal Concept, focuses on nutritious, seed-to-spoon meals that are integral to our educational approach. “Nutrition is as vital to a child’s development as any academic subject,” Assis states. “Our meal concept is designed to nurture not just the body but also the mind, making every meal an opportunity for learning and growth.” Activities and Benefits for Attendees Mindful eating and its benefits for children, include: Enhancing sensory experiences and appreciation for food. Recognising hunger cues to prevent overeating. Promoting better digestion through thorough chewing. “Understanding and nurturing the connection between body and mind from an early age is crucial,” concludes Assis.

June 6, 2024

Defending and Protecting Your Family’s Health with the Winter Warriors Campaign!

The chill of winter is no match for the sizzle of Adcock Ingram’s Winter Warriors Campaign! Winter is notorious for bringing sneezes and sniffles to our doorstep. As the temperatures drop, so does our body’s ability to fend off colds, flu and other respiratory illnesses.1a Indoor gatherings increase, making it easier for viruses to spread, and the dry, cold air can weaken our immune systems.1bHowever, thanks to the Winter Warriors Campaign, you can confidently enhance your family’s ability to defend, protect, and alleviate symptoms during this chilly season. Adcock Ingram boasts a comprehensive portfolio of products to fulfil all your winter needs, making sure you’re equipped to be a true winter warrior. With Panado®, Cepacol®, Compral®, and ViralGuard™, you and your family can confidently face the challenges of the cold months ahead. Panado®: The Ultimate Chill-Beating Pain Fighter Panado® is trusted2 by South African families to offer relief of pain and fever associated with headaches, toothache and colds and flu. The range for adults is conveniently available in tablet, capsule or effervescent form to suit individual preferences. The effervescent format is innovative and ready to work immediately, once completely dissolved3 & 4. For kids and babies, parents trust2 Panado® to be tough on pain and fever this winter. The paediatric range includes peppermint flavoured syrup in convenient 5 ml sachets, strawberry flavoured syrup, peppermint flavoured alcohol and sugar-free syrup, recently launched grape flavoured colourant-free, tartrazine-free, alcohol-free, and sugar-free syrup and peppermint flavoured infant drops with a dosage dropper. Always administer using a medicine measure or a syringe. Do not exceed the recommended dose. Dosage details can be found at https://panado.co.za/dosage-calculator/ and are calculated according to your child’s age and weight. Beat The Scratch And Soothe Sore Throats With Cepacol® Cepacol®, renowned for its sore throat lozenges and hot medication, offers a range of solutions for cold and flu symptoms. There’s a Cepacol® option for everyone this winter! With various formulations available, such as lozenges, throat sprays, hot medication, and cough syrups, Cepacol® makes it convenient to find the perfect solution, for your winter needs. The Cepacol® range includes cough and cold syrup, plus cough and cold syrup specifically designed for nighttime relief, a throat spray and throat gargle, Medsip, a hot medicated drink in either ginger or honey lemon flavours and throat lozenges in four great tasting flavours – regular, black current, honey & lemon and menthol. Beat the Ache with Fast & Targeted Pain Relief From Compral® Don’t let pain hold you back this, winter! Turn to Compral® for targeted pain relief. Available in both tablet and powder form, Compral® Pain Powder is ready to work in just 10 seconds.5 You can trust Compral® tablets for targeted relief from pain, fever, and inflammation. Or choose Compral® Pain Powders designed to offer symptomatic relief of mild to moderate muscle and joint pain, body aches, period discomfort, toothache, and pesky headaches, giving you a comprehensive solution for your specific pain needs.6 Guard Your Immunity and Beat the Bugs ViralGuard™ Adcock Ingram’s Winter Warriors Campaign wouldn’t be complete without ViralGuard™, a formidable ally in safeguarding your family’s immunity. ViralGuard™ offers a formulation with essential ingredients like antioxidants, probiotics, vitamins, herbal extracts, and minerals, all known to support the immune system. The range includes delicious Fizzi chews, junior syrup, a throat spray and tablets. Embrace the Winter Warrior within with the Adcock Ingram Range, featuring Panado®, Cepacol®, Compral®, and ViralGuard™, available from Pick n Pay, Checkers including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem, and Independent Pharmacies. For more information about Panado®, visit https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. For more information about Cepacol®, visit www.cepacol.co.za and join the conversation on Facebook. For more information about Compral®, www.compralpainrelief.co.za and join the conversation on Facebook. For more information about ViralGuard™, https://viralguard.co.za/ and join the conversation on Facebook. 2023120710328318 References: Johns Hopkins Medicine. Winter Illness Guide. Available from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/winter-illness-guide. Last accessed 4 December, 2023. Circana, MT, October 2023 MAT. Panado® Effervescent (Tablet) approved professional information, July 1992. Rygnestad T, Zahlsen K, Samdal FA. Absorption of effervescent paracetamol tablets relative to ordinary paracetamol tablets in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2000) 56: 141-143. Compral pain powder dissolution evaluation. Document no. 23/AD/063, October 2021. Compral Pain Powders PIL 31322 07-2022 PP, November 2021.

June 5, 2024

Men’s Health: The top health risks and how stem cells could assist in future

Men’s health is a complex topic, and some common trends and factors contribute to men sometimes neglecting their health. Reasons for this might be social expectations and stereotypes, fear of weakness and vulnerability, Work and lifestyle pressures, risk-taking behaviour, as well as the reluctance to discuss mental health issues. Most men are affected by the same diseases that can affect anyone—heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, depression. Men’s health involves a variety of gender-specific issues, like testosterone production, sexual health, and unique issues such as prostate cancer and benign prostate enlargement. Thus, men can take control of their health by eating a healthy diet, making simple lifestyle adjustments, and visiting the doctor regularly. Heart disease and stroke Heart disease comes in many forms. All its forms can lead to serious, fatal complications if undetected. It is estimated that heart disease is the leading cause of death for U.S. men, responsible for one in every four male deaths. Between 70 percent and 89 percent of sudden cardiac events occur in men. Stroke targets more than three million men. High blood pressure is common in males under the age of forty-five. Stem cell therapy has been investigated as a potential treatment for congestive and heart failure patients. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various types of cells, including heart cells. Studies have shown that stem cells can improve heart function in patients with congestive heart failure. Stem cells have been shown to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels and heart muscle cells, and improve the function of existing cardiac cells, thereby improving cardiac function and blood flow and reducing inflammation in the heart. A few studies have shown good outcomes whereby injecting patients with allogeneic umbilical cord MSCs significantly reduces the rate of heart attacks or strokes in patients with chronic heart failure. Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death for U.S. men; it kills about the same number each year as prostate cancer and Alzheimer’s disease combined. Men have strokes at younger ages than women. After a stroke, the brain stem can suffer damage, and stem cells have the potential to help heal this damage. Research has shown that stem cell therapy can promote functional recovery in stroke patients by replacing damaged neurons and promoting the growth of new brain tissue. Cord blood is emerging as a serious competitor in cell therapy for stroke. The main reason is that MNC from cord blood triggers less graft-versus–host reaction than adult sources of MNC. If clinical trials of allogeneic cord blood therapy for stroke continue to meet their endpoints, this could be an exciting new application for donated cord blood. In the United States, about 795,000 people suffer a stroke each year, and 140,000 are fatal1-3. If only 1% of these patients received cell therapy, that would be comparable to the total number of allogeneic stem cell transplants per year in the United States10. Ultimately, a successful cord blood therapy will find itself in competition against cell therapy products for stroke that are already near approval. The possibility to utilize cord blood cells as an “off-the-shelf” product (actually out of the cryogenic freezer) with no HLA matching would make cord blood more competitive against other cell therapies that are based on MSC and operate as universal donor products (1-3). Skin Cancer This cancer joins heart disease as the top two leading causes of death for men of all races—and it is largely preventable with proper skin care and regular check-ups. Melanoma, the most serious skin cancer, affects the sexes differently. Men are more likely to die of melanoma than women. This is true at any age. White adolescent males and young adult men are about twice as likely to die of melanoma as white females of the same age. Recent experimental studies in melanoma cell lines confirmed that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) exert antitumor effects on melanoma by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing the metastatic potential of these melanoma cell lines (4). High blood pressure Several studies have shown that men younger than sixty-five consistently have higher levels of hypertension compared to women of the same age group. While common, it is not inevitable and can be prevented, delayed, and treated. If ignored, it can lead to heart and kidney failure, vision problems, and even blindness. Stress, lack of physical activity, and being overweight or obese increase the odds, as do genetics. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive illness characterized by chronically elevated blood pressure in pulmonary circulation that can lead to right-sided heart enlargement and failure. In advanced stages, PAH is considered non-curable (5). Clinical researchers in Germany recently reported the first successful treatment of (PAH) using a human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUCMSC)-derived therapy. Depression and suicide In 2019, 69% of total reported suicides were men. The most common cause of suicide is untreated depression, as 90% of individuals who commit suicide are depressed. Men are less likely to seek treatment for depression. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a standard for the treatment of both subacute and chronic inflammatory processes and neurological disorders. Investigations have suggested the potential use of adult stem cell therapy to treat several neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Alzheimer’s disease, other dementia conditions, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy. Most studies emphasize the immunomodulatory nature of adult stem cells, with their therapeutic efficiency related to neurological diseases, particularly triggering anti-inflammatory states. Recently, various studies have focused on treating depression with MSCs from various sources and the results from different experimental studies strongly support the potential therapeutic use of stem cells in treating depression (6). Diabetes Untreated diabetes in men can lead to erectile dysfunction and other urological problems, nerve damage (neuropathy), dehydration, and damage to the eyes, kidneys, and hearing. Men, after putting on weight, are more at risk for diabetes than women. Additionally, men typically store fat differently than women, which increases their risk. In a recent meta-analysis, clear evidence was provided for the superior efficacy

June 5, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 20 of your pregnancy

Congratulations to you and your baby, you’re officially halfway through your 40 week pregnancy. It’s crazy to think that 20 weeks ago you had your last period, and now a new life is blossoming inside of you – you may even know their gender and are thinking about possible names. Your baby at week 20 You little one is now roughly the size of a grapefruit or banana, and if you haven’t been able to feel your baby move around, at week 20 things may change. Although your baby still has a fair amount of room inside of you, and you should feel her moving around inside your tummy.Their heart is pumping between 120-160 beats per minute and their senses and reflexes are becoming more developed. How you’ll feel at week 20 You may have noticed the appearance of a dark vertical line on your belly, this is normal in pregnancy and is known as a linea nigra. This line isn’t a problem and is caused by hormones during pregnancy. If you’re wanting to travel or are planning to organise a baby nursery in your house, use the time during your second trimester to your advantage, as your pregnancy symptoms won’t be as intense as they were in your first trimester, and your belly won’t be inconveniently big just yet. But that being said keep your needs in mind and don’t push yourself to do something if you aren’t feeling comfortable. Things to remember at this time During your pregnancy you may experience lower back pain thanks to your growing baby putting increasing strain on your body. If your pain is unbearable it’s best to seek the advice of your doctor or physio, but if you are managing there are a few things you can do to make your life more comfortable. Practicing prenatal yoga, deep breathing, being aware of your posture and a pregnancy belt are all things which can help ease your tired back.

June 4, 2024

The oral care trends dentists are most excited about – from smart toothbrushes to AI

Dive into the 2024 oral care trends that dentists are most excited about – from smart toothbrushes to AI and innovative designs ✨. If looking and feeling fantastic is high on your agenda, then good oral health is non-negotiable and exciting innovations are making it easier today than ever before. We chatted with dental professionals to discover the hottest contemporary oral care trends. Here’s what we found: Brushes get smart The advent of smart toothbrushes, like the Oclean X Pro Digital (recently launched in SA), marks a significant shift in personal oral care. Designed with colour screens and built-in sensors, these intelligent brushes evaluate brushing technique, offering insights into duration, pressure and any overlooked areas. Most smart brushes conveniently connect with your smartphone via Bluetooth, while the very latest harness Wi-Fi. According to Dirna Grobbelaar, Ivohealth’s Oral Hygiene Advisor, smart toothbrushes enable patients to improve their brushing technique and elevate their oral care routine. “While smart brushes can’t physically improve your brushing, they motivate and encourage you to achieve better oral hygiene and let you know when you are doing it incorrectly.” And smart toothbrushes can go beyond just brushing; some are equipped with tongue cleaners or other features. The cutting-edge Oclean X Ultra even gives a daily weather forecast on its colour touch screen! The AI transformation Artificial intelligence (AI) is making significant inroads in most areas of life. At the recent Global Symposium on AI and Dentistry, William Giannobile, Dean of Harvard School of Dental Medicine, highlighted AI’s potential to revolutionise oral healthcare. Dentists are increasingly using AI to diagnose diseases and develop treatment plans. AI is also being integrated into at-home oral care tools. The Oclean X Ultra, for instance, employs AI-powered voice guidance and bone conduction soundwave technology to function as a personal oral care coach, telling you how to improve angle, speed and pressure as you brush. Design trends The fundamental shape of the toothbrush has been unchanged for centuries. Now, technology is driving a renaissance with innovative designs like Balene, a toothbrush with a double-sided, rotating head that cleans the inside and the outside of the teeth, at the same time. “Balene is a breakthrough for motor-impaired patients who struggle to brush correctly. In practice, we often see plaque build-up and decay where people have lost their motor ability. Balene is the ideal solution; it brushes the inside, outside and chewing surfaces of the teeth at the same time,” enthuses dentist Dr Stephné Fenwick, Ivohealth’s clinical advisor. Materials are also evolving. Instead of traditional nylon, Balene features antibacterial Tyflex® bristles which last twice as long. Oclean opts for polished TPEE which is soft, flexible and more hygienic than nylon because it dries quicker. In-between and personal People increasingly demand personalised products and services that address their specific problems, tastes and lifestyles. It’s the new norm in oral care, evident from the vast array of products on shelves. Interdental care, once synonymous with floss, now includes multiple options to clean between the teeth; from soft rubber toothpicks like GUM Soft-Picks to compact interdental brushes and rechargeable oral irrigators. For a smart solution, the Oclean W1 Smart Oral Irrigator connects to your smartphone, providing immediate feedback on any missed areas. Oral care for a healthier future Beyond aesthetics and fresh breath, good oral health profoundly impacts overall well-being. Poor oral health has recognised links with diabetes, Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular events (stroke and heart attacks), cancer and even adverse pregnancy outcomes. Taking good care of your mouth is a daily self-care habit that impacts your entire body. With innovative, effective tools at your disposal, you can choose how you want to take charge of your oral health and embark on a healthier lifestyle. For professional advice, consult your dentist, or explore www.ivohealth.co.za for expert how-to guides on common oral health issues and the latest product news. References Stronger connections made between oral health and Alzheimer’s disease. Br Dent J 233, 527 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-022-5136-3 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-022-5136-3#cite) Casanova, L., Hughes, F. & Preshaw, P. Diabetes and periodontal disease: a two-way relationship. Br Dent J 217, 433–437 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.907 https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2014.907 https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/gum-disease-and-heart-disease-the-common-thread Shin-Young Park, Sun-Hwa Kim, Si-Hyuck Kang, Chang-Hwan Yoon, Hyo-Jung Lee, Pil-Young Yun, Tae-Jin Youn, In-Ho Chae, Improved oral hygiene care attenuates the cardiovascular risk of oral health disease: a population-based study from Korea, European Heart Journal, Volume 40, Issue 14, 07 April 2019, Pages 1138–1145, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy836

May 31, 2024

Time to quit. World No-Tobacco Day

‘A billion deaths can be prevented this century, if governments act now to reduce tobacco use’. [World Health Organization] Ahead of World No-Tobacco Day, commemorated annually on 31 May, the World Health Organization (WHO) is calling on governments to adopt policies that shield children from exposure to harmful tobacco products. This year’s theme: ‘Protecting children from tobacco industry interference’, gives young people across the world, the platform to urge the tobacco industry to stop targeting them with products that are harmful to their health. Statistics indicate that smoking among young people remains high. More than 38 million youngsters, aged between 13 and 15, are using some form of tobacco. Tobacco use affects all communities. It has direct harmful effects on health, but also impacts a country’s economy and environment and hinders their achievement of Sustainable Development Goals*. ‘Lifestyle-related diseases stemming from tobacco, alcohol and obesity, have overtaken infectious diseases and become one of the biggest killers,’ says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive of Bonitas Medical Fund. ‘We often think tobacco use is no longer an issue. And, while the number of people smoking in South Africa has fallen by over 20% over the past two decades, the reality is that we still have a long way to go.’ One of the reasons for the decline in cigarette smokers is that South Africa is part of The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The FCTC is an international treaty which requires governments to, amongst other things, raise tobacco taxes, ban tobacco advertising and make public places smoke-free. It also urges governments to protect their policies from tobacco industry interference and to ensure children grow up free from commercial pressure to start smoking. South Africa was one of the first country signatories to the FCTC on 16 June 2003, the treaty was enforced on 18 July 2005. The facts are clear: Tobacco is harmful to your health. It was responsible for a million deaths during the 20th century and tobacco use could kill 1 billion during the 21st century. ‘We encourage you to take action now,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘If you are a smoker, quit and if you’re a non-smoker, help a friend or family member to quit.’ He says there are a number of support groups available. ‘At Bonitas we offer our members a fully supported stop smoking programme through GoSmokeFree. The programme, available through participating pharmacies, begins with a pre-quit assessment and then one-on-one sessions with a nursing sister and trained advisors to develop an individual plan to stop smoking. ‘When you quit smoking, good things start to happen,’ says Dr Hadebe, ‘you can feel and see almost immediate improvements to your health.’ The health benefits Not only can you save up to R1 000 a month when you quit your 20-a-day habit, but you will enjoy the following health benefits: After 20 mins: Your blood pressure and pulse rate slows After 8 hours: Your nicotine levels reduce by half and oxygen levels return to normal 24 hours: Carbon monoxide leaves your body and lungs start to clear mucus and smoking debris 2-3 days: Your sense of smell and taste is enhanced 72 hours: Breathing is much easier and energy levels will increase 3+ months: Your skin starts to look younger and your teeth whiter 5 years: Heart attack risk falls to half that of a smoker 10 years: Your risk of lung cancer falls to half that of a smoker and heart disease risk to the same as someone who has never smoked It’s never too late to quit and it’s easier to stop smoking with the right support. Try the following: List the reasons you want to quit Set a date to give up smoking Tell people you are quitting Use stop smoking aids Join a free support group (even on Facebook) for support and advice Have a plan for when you are tempted to smoke (a distraction) List your smoking triggers and how to avoid them Keep cravings at bay by keeping busy Exercise away the urge to smoke Throw away all your cigarettes before your start Remember: Never give up giving up!

May 31, 2024

Preventive Measures and Managing Fever and Pain in Babies

As parents, every day brings its own set of adventures, from tackling common colds to soothing post-vaccination grumbles. With the right knowledge and tools at your disposal, you can navigate pain and fever in babies with confidence. Prevention Is Better Than Cure The saying, “Prevention is better than cure” rings especially true when it comes to safeguarding our little ones from potential health risks. By proactively embracing preventive measures, we can set the foundation for a healthier future. Let’s delve into three key practices that not only act as protective shields but also promote overall wellness for our babies. Vaccination Schedules Immunity acts as the body’s shield against diseases. Since a baby’s immune system isn’t fully developed right from birth, they’re more susceptible to infections and can fall seriously ill.1aVaccines serve as trainers for this system, teaching it to fend off harmful invaders.1b By vaccinating, you’re essentially giving your baby’s natural defences a helpful boost. Hygiene Practices Maintaining a clean environment for your baby can thwart the spread of infectious agents. Regular handwashing, especially before handling your baby, is vital.2 Also, ensuring that anyone who interacts with your baby practices good hygiene can minimise the risk of infections. Safe Sleep Practices Ensuring that your baby sleeps in a safe environment can prevent many health complications. This includes placing the baby on their back to sleep,3a using a firm sleep surface like a mattress in a safety-approved crib3b, and avoiding soft bedding, toys, and crib bumpers3c. Combating Pain and Fever during Vaccinations While vaccinations are essential for preventing serious diseases, they can occasionally result in mild side effects like fever or pain at the injection site. Here’s how to manage these symptoms: Cool Compress: A cool, damp cloth can be applied to the injection site to reduce pain and swelling.4a Apply for 10 minutes, three times a day. Panado®: Always choose a pain and fever medication that is suitable for your child’s age and weight and measure the dose accurately.4b Hydration: Ensure your child drinks enough fluids to prevent dehydration.4c Clothing: Dress your baby in light clothing if they have a fever, ensuring they don’t overheat. Keep their room at a comfortable temperature.4d Fever Trends and Duration It can be worrying to see your baby spike even a mild fever. So, when is a fever a cause for concern? Temperature Reading A fever is a body temperature that is raised higher than the normal temperature of about 37° C.5a After accurately measuring your baby’s temperature with a thermometer, use the ranges below to help put your child’s level of fever into perspective: 37.8° – 39° C: Low grade fever5b 39 – 40° C: Mild fever5c Over 40° C: High fever5d Over 41.1° C: Very high fever5e Over 42.3° C: Dangerous fever5f In most cases, low grade fevers in older babies can be treated at home. However, if your baby is under three months old and has a temperature of 38° C or higher,6a or if they are between three to six months old and register a temperature of 39° C or above,6b it’s a cause for concern. It’s also alarming if the fever persists for more than five days.6c Always trust your instincts as a parent; if you feel something isn’t right or are concerned about your baby’s well-being, it’s crucial to seek medical advice. Panado®’s Paediatric Range of Products Panado® contains paracetamol, which boasts over 150 years of clinical experience.7 It’s fast-acting8 and gentle on sensitive tummies.9 Panado® paediatric range of products includes Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Strawberry,10 Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint Alcohol and Sugar-Free,11 Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint 5 ml Sachets12, Panado® Infant Drops13 and recently launched Panado® Grape flavour which is colourant-free, tartrazine-free, alcohol-free, and sugar-free.14 Parents trust15 Panado® for the power to fight their little one’s pain and provide fast16 relief when needed most. Panado® products are available at Baby City, Pick n Pay, Checkers, including Hypers, Shoprite, Clicks, Dis-Chem, and Independent Pharmacies. For more information, visit visit https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. 2023083110309095 References: Centers for disease control and prevention. Making the vaccine decision: Addressing common concerns. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/why-vaccinate/vaccine-decision.html. Last accessed August 2023. Global hygiene council. Protecting babies from infection. Available from: https://www.hygienecouncil.org/resources/protecting-babies-from-infection/. Last accessed August 2023. Centers for disease control and prevention. Helping babies sleep safely. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/features/baby-safe-sleep/index.html. Last accessed August 2023. Immunization action coalition [Immunize.org]. After the shots…what to do if your child has discomfort. Available from: https://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4015.pdf. Last accessed August 2023. Seattle Children’s Hospital Research Foundation. Fever (0-12 Months). Available from: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/fever-0-12-months/. Last accessed August 2023. National childbirth trust. What to do if your child has a temperature or a fever. Available from: https://www.nct.org.uk/baby-toddler/your-babys-health/common-illnesses/what-do-if-your-child-has-temperature-or-fever. Last accessed August 2023. 150 years of paracetamol. GP Pharma Update Mar/Apr 2019 Moller PL, Sindet-Pedersen S, Petersen CT, et al. Onset of acetaminophen analgesia: Comparison of oral and intravenous routes after third molar surgery. Br J Anaesth 2005;94(5):642-8. doi:10.1093/bja/aei109. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15790675/. Last accessed August 2023. Goodman & Gilman’s.The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 13th ed. Acetaminophen. p696 Panado® Paediatric Strawberry Syrup approved package insert, March 2002. Panado® Paediatric Syrup Alcohol and Sugar-Free professional information, May 2022. Panado® Paediatric Syrup professional information, May 2022. Panado® Infant Drops (Drops) approved professional information, August 1990. Panado ® Paediatric Alcohol Free – Grape Flavour. Approved package insert. October 2022. Circana, MT, November 2023 MAT. Wilcock A, Twycross R. Therapeutic reviews: Acetaminophen (Paracetamol). Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 2013;46(5):747-755

May 27, 2024

Safeguarding the Future: Child Protection Week and Your Child’s Future Health

Every year, Child Protection Week serves as a powerful reminder of our collective responsibility to ensure the safety and well-being of South Africa’s children. Held from the last Sunday in May to the first week of June, this national campaign raises awareness about the threats children face and empowers communities to act. This year’s theme, while yet to be announced, will undoubtedly focus on creating a nurturing environment where children can thrive. As parents, this week takes on a deeply personal meaning. We are the primary guardians of our children’s safety and well-being, not just in the present, but also for their future health. While Child Protection Week focuses on immediate threats, it is also an opportunity to consider the long-term health of our children. One way to do this is by banking their stem cells at birth with a reputable cord blood bank like CryoSave South Africa. Stem cells are the body’s master cells, holding the remarkable potential to develop into a variety of specialized cell types. These cells have the power to revolutionize medicine, offering potential treatments for a wide range of diseases including leukemia, lymphoma, genetic disorders, and even some autoimmune diseases. While medical advancements are ongoing, the umbilical cord blood and tissue collected at birth are a rich source of stem cells. By storing these stem cells with a cord blood bank, parents are making a proactive investment in their child’s future health. CryoSave South Africa, a leading cord blood bank in South Africa, provides a safe and secure option for this vital biobanking. Here’s how CryoSave South Africa aligns with the spirit of Child Protection Week: Investing in the Future: Just as Child Protection Week advocates for safeguarding children’s futures, storing stem cells offers a potential health shield for your child. These stem cells may be a valuable resource for future medical treatments, offering hope for a healthier tomorrow. Building a Legacy of Care: The decision to bank cord blood is a testament to a parent’s commitment to their child’s well-being. It is adynamic step that demonstrates a willingness to explore all avenues to ensure a healthier future for their offspring. Promoting Family Health: Stem cells from a sibling can also be a potential match for a child needing a transplant. Storing cord blood with CryoSave South Africa can benefit not only the child whose stem cells are banked, but also their siblings. During childbirth, the umbilical cord and placenta are rich sources of stem cells. These stem cells have the potential to develop into various cell types, offering possibilities for future regenerative medicine. CryoSave South Africa utilizes a state-of-the-art processing and cryopreservation technique to safely store these stem cells for potential future use. While Child Protection Week focuses on immediate dangers, it also serves as a springboard for conversations about long-term well-being. CryoSave South Africa offers expecting parents comprehensive information sessions and consultations to guide them through the decision-making process. Understanding the potential benefits and limitations of cord blood banking allows parents to make an informed choice for their child’s future health. Child Protection Week is a crucial reminder of our collective responsibility to safeguard South Africa’s children. As parents, this extends beyond immediate threats to encompass their long-term health. By exploring options like cord blood banking with CryoSave South Africa, we can invest in a future filled with hope and the potential for a healthier life for our children. Remember, while Child Protection Week focuses on present dangers, CryoSave offers a chance to protect your child’s health far into the future. Visit CryoSave for more information on stem cell banking: https://cryosave.co.za/

May 21, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 19 of your pregnancy

At week 19 you’re just one week off being halfway through your pregnancy! Your baby is now the size of a mango, and the exciting news is that you’ll soon find out (if you want to) whether your baby is a boy or a girl. Your body at week 19 You may have started to notice some pelvic pain and abdominal pain due to your baby’s growth. Your muscles and ligaments are working hard to support your expanding bump and this can cause discomfort. Regular gentle exercise (and if you were fit before your pregnancy, that’s a bonus) can help strengthen the muscles around your back and pelvis which can alleviate discomfort. Leg cramps are another pregnancy symptom that many expecting moms experience. These frustrating pains can often be experienced near the end of the day. Calf stretches and drinking plenty of water are two ways in which you can help reduce cramps. Your baby at week 19 Your baby is now the size of a mango, and at this time their skin becomes covered in a greasy, waxy substance called vernix caseosa. This protects the skin from the amniotic fluid in the uterus. Your baby’s first set of teeth are developing (although these won’t be visible for a while after they are born) and hair is starting to appear on their head. Things to remember at week 19 Around week 19-20 you’ll have a morphology scan which is an ultrasound which examines your baby’s body, the placenta and umbilical cord. The scan is used to check for any structural abnormalities in your baby, but it will also be the first chance you get to see your baby. This scan is also when you’re able to find out your baby’s gender.

May 20, 2024

Balene – the toothbrush that cleans the inside and outside at the same time

A more efficient way to brush Balene, the revolutionary toothbrush that’s taking the world by storm, is now available in South Africa. Leading oral care company Ivohealth is proud to introduce Balene, a revolutionary toothbrush from Spain with a rotating, dual-sided head, that’s designed to clean the inside and the outside of the teeth at the same time. Balene is backed by solid clinical research, including the most recent study published in the International Journal of Dental Hygiene, which demonstrates Balene’s remarkable efficacy in removing plaque and promoting good oral hygiene. Balene is a breakthrough for patients who struggle to clean their teeth effectively. Dr Stephné Fenwick, dentist and clinical advisor to Ivohealth, is impressed. “Balene is a breakthrough for motor-impaired patients who struggle to brush correctly. In practice, we often see plaque build-up and decay where people have lost motor ability. Balene is the ideal solution; it brushes the inside, outside and chewing surfaces of the teeth at the same time.” How Balene works Balene has an innovative dual-sided head that embraces the teeth, brushing the inside, outside and chewing surfaces simultaneously, for a better clean in less time. The head rotates 180°, making it easy to move around the mouth and reach every corner. The soft, rounded bristles are angled at 45° to help gently clean under the gumline, in line with the bass brushing technique recommended by dental professionals. The Tyflex® bristles are antibacterial, for a more hygienic brushing experience. They also last up to twice as long as conventional nylon bristles. Watch how effectively Balene works in this video. You’ll see why it’s a more efficient way to brush. Who is Balene for? Balene is suitable for adults and children, aged six years and older. It is particularly beneficial when: You have limited time to brush correctly. Dental professionals recommend brushing for a full two minutes twice a day for best results. You struggle with fine motor skills, have limited dexterity or other challenges that make it difficult for you to reach all the areas of your mouth. You are assisting someone to take care of their teeth. Children are still learning to brush their teeth correctly. South African oral hygienist, Dirna Grobbelaar, oral hygiene advisor to Ivohealth, says it’s ideal for parents, nurses and caregivers. “Balene is fantastic when you brush someone else’s teeth. It removes plaque from every surface quickly and efficiently, giving a deep and thorough clean in less time.” Balene is also safe and effective if you have implants or orthodontic braces. How to use your Balene toothbrush Wet the bristles. Apply toothpaste to both sides of the head. Gently bite, closing your teeth on the brush. Slide the brush horizontally along your teeth. Rinse the bristles and leave to air dry. There are two Balene manual toothbrushes available in South Africa, each in a range of happy colours: The original Balene manual brush, for adults and children aged 12 and older, comes in three fresh colours – coral, blue, and aquamarine. Balene Junior, for children aged 6 to 11 years old, comes in vibrant blue, purple, fuchsia and green. Balene is more than a toothbrush; it’s a leap forward in oral care, making comprehensive cleaning effortless and accessible. Are you ready to join the Balene brushing revolution? Balene’s recommended retail price is R350. You’ll find it at Dis-Chem stores, online at www.dischem.co.za as well as selected pharmacies and dental practices (in South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe). For stockists or any additional details visit www.balene.co.za or contact distributor Ivohealth – email info@ivohealth.co.za, call (+27) 0860 456 123 or WhatsApp +27 66 121 0247. Balene – a more efficient way to brush.

May 17, 2024

Pippie Kruger: A Courageous Stem Cell Success Story

Isabella “Pippie” Kruger was made famous when, as a 2 and a half-year-old burn victim from Limpopo, she received a revolutionary skin transplant operation. Pippie was severely burned when a bottle of gel firelighter exploded while her father was lighting a braai on New Year’s Eve. She suffered 80% full thickness third-degree burns. She was given a 3% chance of survival by her doctors. The skin graft was grown from her own cells in a laboratory in the United States, because the technology was not available in South Africa. It was the first time the procedure was performed in Africa. However, 5 heart attacks, 5 strokes, kidney failure, lung collapses, sepsis and almost 60 operations later, she survived. The medical director, Dr Barrett at Genzyme-Sanofi, a pharmaceutical company owns the rights to the technology known as Epicel. Epicel produces skin for people with extensive burn wounds by extracting stem cells from small patches of patients’ healthy skin. They are placed on a layer of inactive mice cells and fed with special proteins that allow them to grow into thin layers of skin that can cover burns. Epicel is indicated for adult and pediatric patients who have deep dermal or full-thickness burns comprising a total body surface area greater than or equal to 30%. The skin was cultured in America and sent to Johannesburg on a 21-hour flight and working with plastic surgeon Ridwan Mia to ensure that it was transplanted to Pippie within three hours of arriving in South Africa. The Epicel procedure is a costly procedure and luckily the Kruger family managed to raise more than R700 000 for the Epicel procedure through a trust fund that was started by a friend. With the help of Facebook and almost 10 000 followers, this was accomplished. Pippie’s story has been told in 71 newspapers across the world and by many global radio and television stations. Pippie, now 15, is no stranger to the operating table. Since the disastrous burns accident she suffered as toddler, the young girl has been through a gamut of surgeries, and recently she had her 62nd operation. Link to article: https://cryosave.co.za/2022/05/06/pippie-kruger-a-courageous-stem-cell-success-story/

May 17, 2024

Motherhood and LASIK: Discover How Laser Vision Correction Can Transform Your Parenting Experience

As mothers, we juggle countless responsibilities, striving to capture every precious moment with our children. But what if you could see these moments more clearly, literally? Sandton Eye Clinic specializes in advanced refractive surgeries like LASIK, PRK, PresbyLasik, and Multifocal Cataract Surgery, all designed to refine your vision and correct refractive errors so you can bid farewell to glasses or contact lenses. We’ve collaborated with exceptional women—new mothers and grandmothers alike—who have experienced the life-changing effects of laser vision correction. Their stories aim to inspire and inform you about the advantages of these procedures at every stage of motherhood. Firstly, let us explain why you may need laser vision correction. Laser vision correction surgeries like LASIK and PRK are designed to treat refractive errors by reshaping the cornea to ensure proper focusing of light on the retina. Whether you’re dealing with near-sightedness, far-sightedness, astigmatism, or presbyopia, these procedures offer significant improvements in visual acuity and the freedom from glasses or contacts. They’re tailored for those who find glasses or contacts inconvenient, those battling frequent eye infections from contact lens use, or simply anyone seeking predictable, long-term vision enhancement. Vision Care for a Lifetime Imagine waking up tomorrow morning and seeing everything clearly, without glasses or contact lenses. Reading the bedtime story with no need for corrective lenses or getting up for the little ones in the middle of the night without searching for glasses. When will you need additional surgery to keep your spectacle independence? After 18 you become eligible for Laser vision correction. This will make it possible to spend motherhood without corrective lenses. Laser vision correction does correct your current refractive error permanently. It does not prevent the normal ageing of your eyes and around age 45 you will need reading glasses. At this stage PresbyLasik can be done as a top up to get rid of the readers. By age 65 cataracts will start to develop and you will need cataract surgery. Once again you can choose multifocal lenses and keep your spectacle independence. This means that it is also possible to be a grandmother without the need for corrective lenses. Laser vision correction does not prevent the development of other eye diseases. It is of utmost importance to keep screening for other eye diseases throughout your lifetime. Is LASIK Safe? Lasik is the safest, most effective, life-changing elective outpatient surgical procedure of any kind of all time. There are possible risks, like with any medical procedure, but serious complications from LASIK are extremely rare. Let’s look at hard evidence. An important set of studies conducted by the FDA took an in-depth look at patient outcomes following LASIK. These studies confirm published reports of the outstanding safety and efficacy of LASIK. Ninety-nine percent of subjects in PROWL-1 were satisfied with their outcomes. I have to mention that glasses are the safest option to correct your vision as there is no surgical procedure involved. If you are already a contact lens wearer, it means that you prefer the comfort of not wearing glasses. Sight affecting corneal microbial infections are 10 times higher in long term contact lens wearers than after LASIK. 99% of patients agreed that LASIK works better for them than contact lenses. For mothers the improved quality of life has a huge influence on their decision. Ultimately, whether or not it’s worth it for you is a very personal decision. Does Pregnancy Reverse LASIK? During pregnancy the hormonal changes influence your cornea and may cause fluctuation in your vision or refractive error whether you wear glasses or had LASIK. These changes are however not permanent and your refraction will return to what it was before pregnancy as soon as your hormones stabilize and you normal cycle returns. This means that your clear vision after LASIK will not be reversed by Pregnancy. You can however not have LASIK during pregnancy and will have to wait about three to six months after your baby was born to have LASIK. If you are breastfeeding you can have LASIK as soon as your normal cycle returns, indicating that your hormones have stabilized. Now, let’s hear from real moms who’ve shared their stories about laser vision correction and motherhood. Their experiences might resonate with you more than you think. Mom 1: Asha Singh Stage of Motherhood: Newly Pregnant Procedure: LASIK & PRK in November 2023 “I had my surgery at the end of last year, a month before my pregnancy. I had LASIK in my right eye and PRK in my left eye. My motivation was how inconvenient my vision problems made my life as a busy woman. There is a common myth that pregnancy can reverse LASIK, but I haven’t noticed any changes in my vision quality. At the moment, my PRK eye has 20/20 vision, and my LASIK eye is -0.5, but it may continue to improve as it heals. My advice to mothers considering laser vision correction: It’ll make a huge difference to your quality of life not having to worry about contact lenses or glasses. The most underrated feeling is being able to wake up and just see.” Mom 2: Candice Ngcobo Stage of Motherhood: Expecting Procedure: PRK in July 2023 “I had my PRK surgery last year on July 17. My main motivation was the deterioration of my eyesight. My glasses were quite thick, affecting my self-esteem and confidence. I wanted to wake up and be able to see without reaching for my glasses. I heard about the myth that pregnancy can reverse the effects of LASIK and was a little worried, but I haven’t noticed any changes in my vision quality during pregnancy. My last check-up was a few months ago, and Dr. Coetzee was very happy with my eyesight. My advice to other mothers is to get the surgery! It’s been one of the best decisions I’ve made. I’m so happy with my results that my husband is now considering having it done too!” Mom 3: Selina Naidoo Stage of Motherhood: Mother of a 9-month-old Procedure:

May 16, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 18 of your pregnancy

Your pregnancy is starting to become more obvious, and if you’re trying to conceal your bump, you may start finding this more difficult. Inside your body, you may feel your little one moving inside of you – you may even notice that the movements are in response to noises as your baby can start to register sounds. Your body at week 18 You may have started to notice dizziness when you stand up. To lessen this, get up gently when you stand from sitting or lying down. Your back may be feeling increasingly achey, so avoid doing activities that aggravates it. You may also notice swelling in your hands and feet, as well as increasingly difficulty to get to sleep. Your baby at week 18 Your baby is now the size of an artichoke or a red bell pepper, and it’s around this time you’ll start to notice your baby moving around inside you. You may have noticed this previously, especially if you’ve had a baby before – but this is the time that little one’s movements become more distinct. However, they’ll feel more like a flutter than a strong kick, so don’t be concerned if you’re unsure of what you’re feeling at first. Things to remember at week 18 Although pregnancy is a happy and exciting time for many moms-to-be, it can also be very stressful. Antenatal anxiety is both fairly common during pregnancy, especially if your pregnancy is unplanned, you have external stresses such as financial strain, or you experienced depression and anxiety prior to pregnancy. A bit of worry during this time is normal, as you are going through many new experiences. However, if you feel like your worry is crippling and you can’t enjoy day-to-day life, then you may be experiencing antenatal anxiety. This is nothing to be ashamed of, and seeking medical guidance can help make your pregnancy easier and happier.

May 13, 2024

Let’s Make a Mocktail with A1 Fruit Water

A1 Fruit Water is a fresh sparkling water, infused with a splash of real African fruit. Healthy, tasty and refreshing, A1 Fruit Water comes in three flavours, Mandarin, Lemon & Grapefruit. Our water is extracted straight from real South African fruit, in South Africa – simple, fresh and flavoursome. A1 Fruit Water is sugar-free, zero calories with no sweeteners or preservatives. Our water is a by-product from making South African juice – keeping our impact low, our supply chain rooted in South Africa and enabling a fair deal for all from farm to can. A1 Fruit Water works with farming partners who are located in the sub-tropical mango and citrus-producing region of Hoedspruit in the north of the country. Every A1 Fruit Water you buy supports the South African economy; for farmers and factories, drivers and distributors, value that starts in South Africa, and stays in South Africa, every purchase makes a real difference. A1 Fruit Water is currently packed in a 300ml slim line can, which is wrapped in a sleeve. Both the sleeve and the can are recyclable. You can find A1 Fruit Water at selected Pick n Pay’s, SPAR’s, on Takealot.com as well as independent retailers. A1 Fruit Water – Think South African | Drink South African. Every delicious drink supports the South African economy. Mocktail Recipe for an Elderflower Collins (Makes 1) 25ml Elderflower Syrup 25ml Lemon Juice 150ml A1 Sparkling Lemon Float of Bitter Truth Aromatic Bitters Garnished with a dehydrated Lemon wheel and edible flower. Instructions: In a shaker combine elderflower syrup, lemon juice, bitters and crushed ice Shake well Pour into a glass over more crushed ice and top with A1 Fruit Water in Lemon flavor Garnish with dehydrated Lemon wheel and flowers

May 9, 2024

Getting to grips with flu

Few common illnesses are more unpleasant than the flu. The aches, pains, chills, fever and cough are bad enough. Add the other potential symptoms including runny nose, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue or sore throat and you’ll want the illness to be over as soon as possible. Or try to prevent it. Annually, flu kills around 11 500 people in South Africa and 20 000 are hospitalised. ‘The seasons are changing and with it comes the ‘flu virus,’ says Dr Themba Hadebe, Bonitas Medical Fund’s Clinical Executive. ‘Now is the time to take precautions against catching flu, including having a flu vaccine, which is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).’ Why a Flu vaccine? Although the flu vaccine will not eliminate your risk of developing flu, it helps reduce your chances of severe infection. What are Flu pandemics? These occur when a new flu virus emerges that is significantly different from circulating seasonal strains, causing widespread illness worldwide. Best known examples are the: 1918 Spanish flu, 1957 Asian flu, 1968 Hong Kong flu and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The 1918 Spanish flu pandemic was the most severe, it is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of 50-100 million people. What is Flu? Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by the influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness and can lead to hospitalisation and even death, especially in high-risk groups such as young children, the elderly, pregnant women and people with underlying health conditions. What is the current Flu strain in South Africa? There are four types of flu viruses: A, B, C and D. Most seasonal outbreaks of flu in humans are as a result of the A and B viruses. The most commonly reported influenza viruses for 2024 are type A(H1N1) and type B. What are the most common Flu symptoms in 2024? These may include the following: Fever of 38˚C or higher Aching muscles, especially in your back, arms and legs Chills and sweats Why do I need a Flu shot every year? ‘All viruses mutate – meaning the genetic material of the cell changes – but not at the same rate. Some mutate very quickly, including the flu virus. Which is why we get a new flu vaccine every year,’ says Dr Hadebe. Other preventive measures include frequent handwashing, covering your mouth and nose when you cough and sneeze, avoiding close contact with sick individuals and staying home when ill. Will the flu shot give me Flu? A flu shot cannot cause flu. Flu vaccines are currently made either with flu vaccine viruses that have been ‘inactivated’ and are not infectious or with no flu vaccine viruses at all. Some side effects may occur like redness, tenderness and swelling where the shot was given but this is mild and will only last a few days. These are infinitely preferable to a bad case of flu. Who should get a Flu vaccine? Annual flu vaccines are recommended for everyone six months and older, especially for those at higher risk of complications. The vaccine helps your immune system fight off the virus by producing antibodies which is why it’s best to vaccinate in April or May, before the start of flu season. Flu vaccinations are available at most pharmacies and the costs are generally covered by medical schemes. Anyone in the high-risk groups including: Healthcare workers Individuals over 65 years Individuals with chronic diseases – or comorbidities – for example: Cardiac disease, diabetes, asthma, kidney diseases (due to poorer baseline immunity) Pregnant women People with a BMI over 40 People who are immune compromised Who should NOT have the Flu vaccine? Those allergic to eggs or egg proteins as the vaccine manufacturing process involves the use of chicken eggs Infants under 6 months of age Individuals who may have had a severe reaction to a flu vaccine in the past Individuals who may be suffering from flu symptoms already How is flu transmitted? It spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes. What are the complications of Flu? Flu can lead to various complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, ear infections and worsening of chronic medical conditions like asthma or heart disease. Complications are more common in high-risk groups. ‘Flu viruses spread very quickly from person to person’, says Dr Hadebe. ‘Even if the flu vaccine is not 100% effective, it will reduce your risk of getting flu, and, if you do get it, it will be a great deal milder’.

May 9, 2024

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