Health - Parenting Hub

Expert Advice from Bonitas Medical Fund

15 Facts about the Covid vaccine

Although the vaccine rollout for healthcare workers has begun, myths and misinformation continue to circulate around its development, efficacy and just how the vaccine will help manage or mitigate the spread of the virus. We asked Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer of Bonitas Medical Fund for 15 facts about the vaccine. #1. How does the Covid-19 vaccine work? The Covid-19 vaccines produce protection against the disease by developing an immune response to the SARS-Cov-2 virus. The vaccine stimulates an immune response to an antigen, a molecule found on the virus and provides a supply of ‘memory’ T- and B-lymphocytes that help fight that virus in the future. There are four types of Covid vaccines and they are all trying to achieve the same things: Immunity to the virus, reduction of symptoms if you are infected and being able to slow down or stop transmission. South Africa is currently using the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) single dose vaccine but, regardless of which vaccine you receive, you won’t reach full protection until around two weeks after the vaccination. Your immune system needs this time to develop the antibody response. #2. It is safe? Yes. The vaccine that is being used in South Africa is safe and has been given to millions of people around the world. Although it was developed very quickly to save lives, it has gone through the same rigorous processes as other vaccines. All medical products – including the Covid-19 vaccine – have to be approved by South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) before they can be administered. #3. Are there any side effects? Some individuals vaccinated with the J&J vaccine have experienced temporary, mild side effects. They are similar to those experienced with other vaccines, such as soreness at the injection site, muscle pain, chills and a headache. Some also experienced fatigue and nausea. These are nothing to worry about and will disappear within a couple of days. #4. Can you be allergic to the vaccine? People who are prone to allergies should inform the healthcare personnel administering the vaccine beforehand. This, in order for them to observed and monitored for a longer period after receiving the vaccine. However, if you experience a severe allergic reaction after getting a Covid-19 vaccine, vaccination providers – or your healthcare provider – can provide care rapidly and call for emergency medical #5. Can you get Covid from the vaccine? No. None of the Covid-19 vaccines contain the live virus that causes the coronavirus. The J&J vaccine uses a harmless, modified form of the common cold virus in humans, called adenovirus. The vaccine will help your immune system fight the virus but will not infect you with it. #6. How effective is it? No vaccine is 100% effective but fortunately, the emerging data on Covid-19 vaccines have a high efficacy, at least against some of the variants. If a vaccine has 70% efficacy, it means a person vaccinated in a clinical trial is around two-thirds less likely to develop the disease than someone in the trial who didn’t receive the vaccine. Due to the severity of the virus, a 50% efficacy threshold was set for Covid-19 vaccine. #7. Am I forced to have the vaccine? No. Having the Covid-19 vaccination remains a personal choice as confirmed by President Cyril Ramaphosa. #8. Do I need the vaccine if I have already had Covid-19? Yes, the advice is that you should still be vaccinated even if you have had Covid-19 or if you have a positive antibody test. Research indicates that the natural immunity from having Covid does not last which means the best way of fighting the virus is a combination of being vaccinated and following the protocols. #9. Will I be immune after the vaccine and will this be forever? It is too soon to know how long the vaccine will last as it is still being researched. Of the people who have received the vaccine, we know that they have been protected from Covid-19 for at least 4 months. The risk of Covid-19 infection in vaccinated people cannot be completely eliminated. #10. Can you have the vaccine if you are pregnant or breast feeding? None of the vaccine trials included pregnant individuals, so direct knowledge is limited. However, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as well as a number of other medical organisations agree that any of the currently authorised Covid-19 vaccines can be offered to people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. #11. Is it safe to be vaccinated if I’m living with HIV/Aids? Yes. There is some evidence that people living with HIV may be more vulnerable to developing severe Covid-19 symptoms and so getting vaccinated is even more critical if you are HIV positive. The Covid-19 vaccinations are the most powerful tools available to help prevent severe disease due to SARS-CoV-2. The vaccines are not live and are safe for people with compromised immune systems. It’s too early to tell how effective the vaccines will be at reducing transmission of Covid-19, but we do know that they are effective at preventing severe disease and death. #12. What does herd immunity mean? Herd immunity occurs when a large part of the population becomes immune to a virus, through vaccination or infection. South Africa’s Department of Health (DoH) is aiming to vaccinate 67% of the country’s population against Covid-19 – this equates to around 41 million people – to achieve herd immunity and slow down the rate of transmission of the virus. #13. How does the vaccination process work? Everyone over the age of 18 will be vaccinated in line with the Government’s Covid-19 vaccine roll out plan. You have to be registered on the national Electronic Vaccination Data System (EVDS) and then a 3-phase approach (starting with healthcare workers) is being adopted to ensure there will be enough vaccines to meet the demand. #14. Can you elaborate on the EVDS? The EVDS is based on a pre-vaccination registration and appointment system. Individuals have to

April 1, 2021

Hospital Plans vs Hospital Insurance: Knowing the difference

In times of economic pressure we all relook our monthly expenses to see where we can save on costs but having access to quality healthcare remains a priority – even more so during a global pandemic. Hospital insurance may be cheaper than medical aid hospital plans but is definitely not the same product. We asked the Principal Officer of Bonitas Medical Fund, Lee Callakoppen, to help us understand the two different products offerings. Regulation ‘Firstly, before I take you through the benefits and possible shortfalls of hospital plans as opposed to hospital insurance, it is important to point out that hospital plans are part of the offerings provided by medical aids. This means the product is regulated and overseen by the Council of Medical Schemes and in accordance with the Medical Schemes Act 131 of 1998. Hospital insurance (or medical insurance) is part of the umbrella term, health insurance and includes hospital insurance, hospital cash back plan and gap cover. Hospital insurance is not part of a medical aid but is governed by the Financial Services Board (FSB) and the Long-term and Short-term Insurance Act,’ explains Callakoppen. Medical Aid Hospital Plans A hospital plan provides you with basic, yet important medical cover. The product differs from scheme to scheme but in essence this plan is offered by a not-for profit medical scheme and will cover you in hospital for emergency and planned procedures In the case of Bonitas – you also get access to some additional benefits for wellness and preventative care The hospital plan ensures that when you are admitted into hospital for a procedure or due to an accident or illness, your expenses are covered – within the limits set by your particular plan There are 27 chronic conditions that all medical aid plans must cover, so the hospital plan also covers these which are known as Prescribed Minimum Benefits (PMBs) This type of plan does not cover you for other day-to-day medical costs like visits to the doctor, specialist or medicine It is tax deductible Hospital Insurance Hospital insurance is not a medical aid, it pays you for the time you spent in hospital but not for the treatment you receive It provides cash benefits depending on the number of days you are in hospital due to illness or an accident The insurer pays the money directly to you, you are able to use the money however you please – to pay for daily household costs or the hospital, doctor and specialist bills This often seems more attractive than a hospital plan and has a cheaper monthly premium however, the daily amount you receive is often way below the medical expenses incurred while in hospital It is governed by the Short or Long-term Insurance Acts Does not cover Prescribed Minimum Benefits (PMBs) May include Personal Accident risk cover such as disability and loss of limbs, inability to work, salary protection, death and/or funeral covers Is not tax deductible The limitations of hospital insurance It is a set amount which might not cover your hospital or medical bills, leaving you financially short and, in some cases, has a waiting period New regulations state that pay-outs are limited per insured life, per hospital stay with an annual limit Typically people buy the policy that pays less than R1 000 per day If you have one of the top plans, the daily pay-out during your stay in hospital may sound like a lot of money however, it usually falls short of actual costs charged by hospitals, doctors and specialists For example, a caesarean birth costs around R30 000. This can be much more if complications occur. Remember that hospital insurance companies are ‘for profit’ unlike medical schemes who are ‘not for profit’. The recommendation by most financial advisors is that a hospital insurance product should be used in conjunction with medical aid, or hospital plan, as income replacement rather than medical aid cover. And what is GAP cover, how does it work? Callakoppen provides an update. Minding the gap At times there may be a shortfall between what the medical scheme pays and what the hospital or specialist charges. You are responsible for paying the difference There is an insurance policy called gap cover which you can take out to pay for this shortfall The amount you receive depends on your policy but there is an overall annual limit Some gap cover policies have a waiting period for certain conditions Most people usually take gap cover together with a medical aid hospital plan It is important to know that gap cover, like hospital insurance, is an insurance ‘policy’ and is registered as Short-Term insurance policies Gap cover premiums are not tax deductable ‘There has been a growth in health insurance products over the past few years and they appear to provide medical cover, but actually don’t,’ says Callakoppen. If you choose to take out health insurance, do so as complementary to medical aid, not a substitute. ‘My advice: Shop around to find the best plan that covers your health needs and suits your pocket. A number of Low Cost Benefit Options have been introduced by Medical Schemes – these offer more affordable plans that give you peace of mind in terms of access to quality healthcare. Interrogate the benefits you receive on the plan you are considering versus the monthly contributions but, above all, never compromise on your health.’

March 18, 2021

Trimester two overview

Your second trimester begins in week 13 and ends at week 28. During this time your morning sickness will ease off, and initially your baby will be small enough that your body won’t be in too much discomfort, earning this trimester the nickname of the honeymoon period of pregnancy. During this trimester you’ll probably tell your family, friends and employees you’re expecting and your tummy will begin to show – time to upgrade your wardrobe! Your body during your second trimester During the second trimester the pregnancy you’ll hopefully notice that your morning sickness is easing up and your energy levels should begin to rise. While you will be feeling better don’t put pressure on yourself to exercise or socialise more than you’re comfortable with. This trimester your baby bump will go from barely noticeable to one that you may struggle to hide. Embrace your changing body and adapt your exercise plan to accommodate your baby, prenatal yoga and pilates classes are a great way to stay in shape, meet other moms-to-be and prepare for labour and delivery. A growing belly and breasts, Braxton Hicks contractions and leg cramps are all common pregnancy symptoms you may experience during this trimester. Not only this but you may experience dental issues, sore and swollen feet, and an achy back and/or pelvis. Your baby’s growth during the second trimester Your little one does lots of growing during your second trimester, and during this time you’ll begin to feel them moving around inside your belly (this is also known as quickening). Not only this, but during trimester two your baby’s ears develop to the point that they can hear your voice and other external sounds. During the second trimester your baby’s eyes and ears become more developed and you’ll soon be able to find out their gender on an ultrasound (if you want to!). Your baby’s muscle tone is also improving, they’ll be swallowing amniotic fluid and their sucking reflex will develop – they may even suck their own thumb. Important things to note during the second trimester At week 19 to 20 you’ll have an anatomy scan. In this scan your doctor will be able to see how your baby is developing, and if there is anything unusual that would be cause for concern. During this scan the doctors will also be able to tell you the gender of your baby – if you decide to be told you can start thinking of baby names! This trimester is also a good time to decide how and where you’d like to have your baby. Decide on if you like a hospital or home birth, and start putting together a birth plan.

March 16, 2021

When the stomach turns .. tummy bugs or COVID-19?

As South Africa nears the end of the second wave of Covid-19 and braces for a third, a stomach bug is circulating and spreading in schools and the community. Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, head of operations at Bonitas Medical Fund, discusses the signs and symptoms of a stomach bug and common gastrointestinal (GI) viral infections versus the GI symptoms from Covid-19. He says, ‘Although the period between November and May usually coincides with an increase in diarrhoea and pneumonia cases, according to the MMC: Community Services and Health, Zahid Badroodien, it is significantly reduced with a 29% decrease in cases and a 15% decrease in hospital admissions. The decline is partially attributed to the increased adherence to health protocols for Covid-19 like hand-washing, sanitisation and wearing masks.’ However, the recent tummy bug that is circulating, is proof that the virus is still around, Dr Mkhatshwa talks about common GI viral infections and GI symptoms associated with Covid-19. What are the symptoms of a tummy bug? Stomach bugs (or stomach flu) are known as viral gastroenteritis and are characterised by the following symptoms: Diarrhoea Abdominal cramps Nausea Vomiting Fever Thirst Joint aches Headache General malaise How long does a stomach bug last? People typically develop stomach bug symptoms within 24 to 72 hours of being exposed to the virus. While most cases resolve in three to four days, it’s not uncommon to feel unwell for up to a week. How do I know if it’s food poisoning or a stomach virus? The symptoms of food poisoning and a stomach virus are very similar. However, food poisoning symptoms develop in as little as a few hours. Most people suspect food poisoning when symptoms develop shortly after eating food which may seem questionable. Covid and gastroenteritis Research consistently shows that approximately 10% of adults with Covid-19 report GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Typically, patients will also have the more common upper respiratory symptoms that accompany Covid-19, such as a dry cough or difficulty breathing. How do you tell the difference between Covid-19 symptoms and ‘stomach flu’? So, how do you know which one you’re dealing with if you’re experiencing, for instance, a fever, vomiting, and diarrhoea? ‘Unfortunately, it is not always easy,’ says Dr Mkhatshwa, ‘if you have respiratory symptoms, (particularly chest pain) and loss of smell or taste, it is pretty clear cut. However, GI symptoms can occur on their own with Covid-19. A stomach bug also typically lasts only 72 hours while GI related symptoms with the coronavirus can last much longer.’ What should you do if you suspect the GI symptoms are in fact, Covid-19 related? Consult your doctor – via phone or virtually – to discuss your symptoms and if he/she feels you are displaying signs of the coronavirus infection, they will refer you for a Covid-19 test. How long are you contagious with a stomach bug? Stomach viruses are highly contagious and can spread quickly. People infected with a stomach virus are contagious from the moment they begin feeling ill and also for the first few days (up to 72 hours) after they recover. A stomach virus can spread in several different ways: Eating food or drinking liquids that have been contaminated with the virus Having direct or indirect mouth contact with an infected person or surface with the virus on it Unhygienic behaviour, such as not washing hands after toilet use, not washing fruits and vegetables before consumption The virus also inhabits the vomit and stools of people who have the infection How do you treat or get rid of a stomach bug? Supportive therapy that includes increased hydration, rest, electrolyte replenishment and medication for fever is usually all that is needed for viral illnesses. This is because viruses do not respond to antibiotics and simply need to run their course. If the infection is caused by bacteria, like Salmonella, an antibiotic may be prescribed. Viral gastroenteritis will typically resolve within a few days or less without medication. However, hydration is vital to a speedy recovery and prevention of complications. Here are a few steps you can take at home to aid recovery from a stomach virus or food poisoning: Try not to eat any solid foods until you feel better Suck on ice chips or take small sips of water to prevent dehydration Avoid juices or other beverages with a lot of sugar or sweeteners that can make diarrhea worse Ease yourself back into eating. Start with bland, easy-to-digest foods, such as toast and rice. Stop eating if a feeling of nausea returns Avoid dairy, caffeine, fatty foods and sugar until you feel better You should be cautious of taking over-the-counter medications, unless advised by a healthcare provider, as some can worsen the infection When to treat it seriously and consult a medical doctor? Seek medical attention if you have any of the following symptoms: A bloody stool or vomit Are unable to keep liquid down for 12-24 hours Feel dizzy or light-headed Have a fever above 40°C Are experiencing severe, unrelenting abdominal pain. Fortunately, thanks to the Covid-19 protocols which include wearing masks, social distancing and the washing and sanitising of hands the incidence of stomach bugs has been reduced. However, it is a virus and you may still be susceptible but remember it will run its course and you will recover. During the time you are experiencing symptoms rest, stay hydrated and stay away from others while you are still contagious.

March 10, 2021

Your second trimester – making the most of it

Your second trimester is from the beginning of week 13 until week 28, during this time your pregnancy will begin to show. However, you should feel like you have more energy than you did in trimester one. This is why this trimester is also nicknamed the honeymoon period of pregnancy – your baby isn’t big enough to make you uncomfortable and your pregnancy hormones should have eased up. During this time there are one or two things that you can keep in mind to make the most of this time while you’re feeling better, and to ensure that your baby (and you) are kept healthy and happy. Childbirth classes, preparing your mind and body Even if this isn’t your first baby, childbirth classes can help prepare you for what is to come. If you’re feeling anxious about labour and birth, these classes will help ease your worries, by informing you what is to come and how best to manage your mind and body coming up to, during birth and after birth. Prenatal exercise and a healthy lifestyle Stay fit and healthy during your pregnancy is important to both you and your baby. What you eat and regular exercise are both ways in which you can provide needed nutrition to your baby and keep yourself healthy. Low impact exercise, such yoga, swimming, walking and prenatal pilates can help improve your sleep, and increase your strength and muscle tone. Keeping active can even have the added benefit of helping prepare your body for labour and birth. Maternity wear and staying comfortable Not only is learning about your pregnancy and staying healthy essential but staying comfortable is also important. The second trimester is generally when your tummy will start looking and feeling bigger, so invest in some trousers that have more give in the waistline. Luckily certain fashion items, such as flowy dresses and layered knits, may even mean you can still keep using your pre-pregnancy clothes.

March 9, 2021

Covid and flu – should you still have the flu shot?

Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, Head of Operations at Bonitas Medical Fund unpacks the differences and similarities between ‘flu’ and Covid-19, how it affects your body and offers compelling reasons why you should consider getting the flu vaccine this year. Every year, seasonal influenza (flu) kills around 11 500 people in South Africa alone. To date, Covid-19 has resulted in around 50 000 deaths in South Africa. While the true mortality of Covid-19 will take some time to fully understand, the crude mortality ratio (the number of reported deaths divided by the reported cases) is between 3-4%. For seasonal flu, mortality is usually well below 0.1%. However, mortality is to a large extent determined by access to and quality of health care. How has Covid-19 impacted on the flu virus? The Covid-19 pandemic has, however, had a significant impact on the 2020 flu season where decreased flu activity has been reported. This is most likely related to lockdown and additional hygiene measures. Bearing in mind that The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended flu vaccines for 2021, circulating flu viruses evolve constantly so an accurate prediction for the upcoming season is challenging. Should you still have a flu vaccine in 2021? Dr Mkhatshwa recommends you do. Flu vaccines have been shown to reduce the risk of influenza illness, hospitalisation and death. Not only will flu vaccinations reduce the risk of getting flu but is an important conservation measure for scarce health care resources which remains a concern with the ongoing the Covid-19 pandemic. The flu vaccine should be given sufficiently early to provide protection for the coming winter. A protective antibody response takes about 2 weeks to develop. As there is limited evidence on the safety and effectiveness of receiving these vaccines simultaneously, Dr Mkhatshwa recommends waiting at least 14 days between having the Covid-19 and flu vaccinations. How are Covid-19 and flu viruses similar? WHO says, ‘Firstly, Covid-19 and influenza viruses have a similar disease presentation. That is, they both cause respiratory disease, which presents as a wide range of illness from asymptomatic or mild through to severe disease and death. ‘Secondly, both viruses are transmitted by contact, droplets and any material that can carry infection. As a result, the same public health measures, such as hand hygiene and good respiratory etiquette (coughing into your elbow or into a tissue and immediately disposing of the tissue), are important actions all can take to prevent infection.’ What are the essential differences between Covid and flu? Flu is an acute viral respiratory infection, transmitted by the influenza virus. There are three types of influenza, namely Influenza A, B and C. Influenza C is less common and produces milder disease. WHO says there are important differences between the two viruses and how they spread. This has important implications for the public health measures that can be implemented to respond to each virus. The two are essentially different viruses with SARS-CoV-2 being a newly discovered coronavirus that causes Covid-19. The speed of transmission This is an important point of difference between flu and the coronavirus. Influenza has a shorter incubation period and can spread faster than Covid-19. Further, transmission in the first 3-5 days of illness, or potentially pre-symptomatic transmission, is a major driver of transmission for influenza. Although with Covid-19, people can be infected by someone 24-48 hours before the onset of symptoms – this is not the major driver of transmission. The severity of illness While the range of symptoms for the two viruses is similar, the fraction with severe disease appears to be different. For Covid-19, data to date suggest that 80% of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe, requiring oxygen and 5% are critical infections, requiring ventilation. These fractions of severe and critical infection would be higher than that of flu. Who is at risk? The Department of Health (DoH) together with the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) targeted the following groups for the 2021 campaign: Healthcare workers Individuals age >65 years People with comorbidities like heart disease, diabetes or lung disease Pregnant women People living with HIV and AIDS What are the signs and symptoms? In terms of symptoms, Covid-19 and flu can have varying degrees of signs and symptoms, ranging from none (asymptomatic) to severe symptoms. Common shared include: Fever or feeling feverish/chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle pain or body aches, headache, some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. Other signs and symptoms of Covid-19, different from flu, may include change in or loss of taste or smell. A Covid-19 test will confirm the diagnosis. Does the flu shot give me a mild flu? According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), ‘A flu shot cannot cause flu. Flu vaccines given with a needle are currently made either with flu vaccine viruses that have been ‘inactivated’ and are not infectious, or with no flu vaccine viruses at all. The most common side-effects from the shot are soreness, redness, tenderness or swelling where the shot was given. Serious allergic reactions to flu vaccines are very rare.’ Still not convinced? Flu viruses spread very quickly from person to person Even if the flu vaccine is not 100% effective against the current flu strain it will reduce your chances of getting the flu and, if you do get it, it will be a great deal milder More importantly, by having the flu vaccine you will protect others, via what is called ’herd immunity’. Others may be vulnerable family members such as small babies and the elderly as well as those who are immune compromised. While the world focuses on Covid-19, social distancing, wearing a mask and hand washing or sanitisation can help protect you from both Covid-19 and flu.

March 4, 2021

Advice from the experts

LETTING GO OF THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS

Behind most things that we want, at the core of what we think we are looking for, is this one elusive word, “happiness”. We want to be happy, we want our kids to be happy, we want to be happy in our careers, we want to have happy families. Have we ever stopped to ask ourselves what happiness actually is? Do we even know what we’re asking for? And if we did, would we still want it? In order to understand happiness, we have to start by looking at the raw experience of emotion. The next time you feel any emotion, close your eyes and observe it. Imagine that you could remove the label from it and just see it in its raw state as a baby might experience it. What you’ll notice when you close your eyes is that you are instantly transported into a never-ending internal space and emotion is something that arises within this space. All that emotion is, is a movement of energy in this vast space. It may feel fast or slow, smooth or prickly, quiet or loud, distant or in-your-face. It may move upwards or downwards, be constricting or expansive, it may even have a shape or a colour. When you begin to observe your internal world, you’ll see that all emotions are simply movements of energy in this inner space, each one with a different movement, frequency or intensity. There is nothing in this movement that tells you that this is happiness or anger or sadness or boredom or excitement or anxiety or peace. There is nothing in the movement of energy that tells you that this is a ‘bad’ or a ‘good’ emotion. Each one is simply a different movement of energy once you view it without the label that you have applied to it. In fact, if you watch carefully you’ll see that without the label, it is very difficult to distinguish between boredom and peace, or between excitement and anxiety. The difference between a ‘bad’ and a ‘good’ emotion lies in the label and in the story that our minds attach to the experience. So, knowing this, then what is happiness? It is simply one movement of energy in inner space. We may experience it as smooth, quiet energy, but there is nothing in that movement that makes it better energy than one that is loud and spiky or one that is fast and expansive. What we’re saying when we say we want to always be happy is that we only want to experience one movement of energy for the rest of our lives. Like only watching one movie for the rest of your life, or listening to one song, or eating one type of food, or hanging out with only one friend. Is that really what you want? We have a variety of emotions to make life interesting, diverse, fun. There is a richness to our experience as humans because of our range of emotional energies, not in spite of them. What most people call happiness I call flatlining. What I believe we are all really looking for is fulfilment – that state of pursuing something so meaningful to you that you enjoy both the ups and downs, the highs and lows; the full range of emotional expression. That is a life worth living, that is a career worth pursuing, that is a family goal worth having, and that is what we need to be teaching our kids. Let go of the pursuit of happiness. Pursue your dreams and enjoy the roller coaster of an experience that comes with that pursuit!

March 26, 2019

Don’t Be Scared, Be Prepared

Oneaid focuses on preventing and reducing the risk of childhood injuries. Through blog posts and social media Oneaid offers you, as parents and caregivers, useful information and helpful tips on how to keep your little ones healthy and safe. OneAid by Dr Carmen Becoming a parent is one of the most challenging and liberating experiences anyone can go through. There is no amount of research, childcare books or magazines that will prepare you for parenthood. For most parents keeping their little ones safe and making sure they have few accidents as possible can be extremely stressful. It was, for this reason, Dr Carmen – mother and Doctor – created OneAid. Dr Carmen is a medical doctor with over 10 years experience in accident and emergency medicine, and is also a mom to a beautiful, baby girl. She has a Masters degree in Public Health and is passionate about disease prevention and health education. Social Media In Healthcare Almost 90% of adults have used social media to look for and share health information. Dr Carmen believes that healthcare needs to go digital and more healthcare professionals should be taking advantage of its broad reach. Social media can be an effective tool to get information to the public and promote health and safety. OneAid creates engaging fun content on social media to provide information and tips relating to various public health issues in an effort to spark up conversations to drive behaviour change and education. For a little daily advice on childhood safety issues readers can also subscribe to the OneAid newsletter. The MiniKit by Dr Carmen Cuts, scrapes and burns are common injuries to expect as our little ones gain more confidence in this world. Having a first aid kit on hand can help reduce the risk of infection or the severity of the injury. It also teaches our kids the right thing to do when they hurt themselves. Dr Carmen has designed and developed the MiniKit, a mini first aid kit geared towards common childhood injuries. This is available in two colours – red and yellow and includes first aid essentials such as plasters, burn gels, dressings and more. Plus, the MiniKit’s small size makes it fit perfectly into any nappy or handbag, so parents are always prepared, even on the go. Through its fun and colourful design, Dr Carmen hopes to get little ones engaged and involved in the first aid experience. But that’s not all. Inside each MiniKit you will find a detailed first aid pocket guide that features simple, easy to follow steps on what to do when your child has had a minor accident or fall. By following the guide’s steps, parents can take the necessary action when dealing with broken bones or burns for example, and will now know which medical materials to use. Ordering Your MiniKit Whether you are buying the MiniKit for yourself or as a baby shower gift, it’s really easy to order. All you need to do is visit the OneAid website on www.oneaid.co.za and browse through the products page. Add your products to your cart and checkout when you are done. There is no need to open up any accounts. You can also purchase the pocket guide, which can be downloaded straight onto your phone. If you buy the MiniKit this download will be available to you for free. “Accidents are just that, they happen unintentionally and unexpectedly. With the right information, we can try and reduce the incidence of these accidents.” – Dr Carmen

March 22, 2019

Do you worry about your child and cyberbullying?

As digital continues to grow and influence the day to day lives of children, and with the new school year already underway, do you find yourself worrying about the risks your children may face online, especially when it comes to cyberbullying? And do you feel that you know enough about cyberbullying – the signs, the various forms and what measures you can put in place – to not only protect your children but to be able to help them if they face this very real issue? “Despite the many benefits the digital world offers, an unfortunate challenge many parents face today is that they don’t always realise when children are being impacted by cyberbullying,” says Riaan Badenhorst, General Manager for Kaspersky Lab Africa. “This is in no way a reflection on parenting styles, but rather the result of not understanding the different types of cyberbullying that exist and with that, the proactive steps that can be put into place to help protect children from this very dangerous and growing online threat. There are many forms of cyberbullying, and getting a grip on these can assist parents in not only having a better understanding for themselves but to also educate their children on what to look out for.” Forms of cyberbullying: Exclusion – is the deliberate act of leaving someone out – like when a child is excluded from friends’ parties or activities. It can also occur when a child’s friends are having online conversations and tagging other friends but not them. Outing – involves the deliberate act of embarrassing or publicly humiliating a child or group of children, online, through the posting of private, personal, sensitive or embarrassing information, without the child’s permission to do so. Outing can happen in a variety of ways and parents should consider that even reading out aloud a child’s saved message(s) from their mobile phone can be considered a form of outing. Fraping – involves the act of someone logging into someone else’s social networking accounts and impersonating that person by posting inappropriate content, using their name. Parents are likely to be familiar with this type of bullying, as they may have personally experienced it, often in a joking manner. Unfortunately for children, however, it is more than often not a joke. Fraping can lead to repetitional damage and have serious consequences. ‘Google never forgets’ – and so anything posted online is never fully gone, even after it is deleted. Trolling – is a deliberate act of provoking a response through the use of insults or bad language on online forums and social networking sites. A troll aims to personally attack a child, in the hopes that the child becomes angry enough to act in the same way, to get a reaction – and then possibly looks to use it against the child, to get them into trouble at school or with an adult. Catfishing – is when another person steals a child’s online identity and photos, and creates new or alternative social networking profiles, for misleading purposes. A catfish is someone who wants to hide who they really are and does this through creating a fake persona, using images and information they found (and stole) online. Harassment – is sustained, constant and intentional bullying that involves abusive or threatening messages sent to a child or group of children. The messages are mostly malicious and aimed at attacking a child’s confidence and self-esteem. Continues Badenhorst; “All forms of cyberbullying should be perceived by parents/guardians of children as very dangerous and therefore requires immediate attention, as any type of cyberbullying can have massive implications to a child’s well-being.” How parents/guardians can help: Kaspersky Lab offers a few guidelines that can be followed by parents/guardians, as a means to help children deal with cyberbullying: It is important that parents/guardians are tolerant of the situation and do not ‘overreact’ leaving the child feeling scared and embarrassed. Cyberbullying can take some time to fix and so being open and talking through the issue with your child, showing support, can be beneficial in dealing with the problem. Be open and talk about cyberbullying with your children – using things like TV programmes as teachable moments around bullying and online behaviour. Ask them their views on cyberbullying and talk through these. Parents/guardians should be conversation starters on the topic – don’t wait for your child to raise the matter – look for signs of cyberbullying as the earlier the matter is picked up the faster it can be dealt with. Monitor your children’s online activities. Understand what they do on social networks, which platforms they use and who their friends are online. It’s not about ‘policing’ their behaviour, but monitoring is important. Explain to your children that they should alert you as the parent, or alert a trusted adult, if they are being cyber-bullied – that they will not be judged but can seek the right help to fix the issue. Ensure they understand that cyberbullying is not okay – and that it is better to talk up and report it so that the right help can be initiated. Do not take your child’s mobile device away or disconnect their devices from the Internet – this will only frustrate them – rather talk to them and help them with the challenge and monitor their mobile time and use, depending on their age. Educate children about basic online security rules – what can and should not be shared – and privacy guidelines. Ensure their social media pages are set on private, encourage them to only connect with people they know (friends and family) and talk to them about the types of images they share online. Make use of applications, such as Kaspersky Safe Kids, to help you manage your children’s screen time and use of certain apps. Such a solution allows you to set rules for website access, ensuring that sites with harmful content can be blocked. It also uses a GPS tracker, meaning that you can locate your children’s

March 21, 2019

Tips For Choosing The Right High Chair

Before going out and buying a high chair it’s important to know the safety requirements. A US study found that more than 9 400 children, aging three years and younger, were treated each year for high chair related injuries in emergency rooms from 2003 to 2010. That’s one child every hour! Nearly all of these injuries were as a result of a fall where the child either climbed in or out of the chair or stood in it. Majority of the injuries seen were head injuries (37%) then bumps and bruises (33%) followed by lacerations (19%). Most of us use our high chairs in the dining room or kitchen where the flooring is usually hard, so you can imagine the impact this has on a small brain. This has prompted the US to update their safety standards (unfortunately there are no available statistics for South Africa). From mid-2019 all high chairs in the US will have to have a passive crotch restraint and a three-point restraint system, which means there has to be a fixed post that sits between a child’s legs and restraints that are fixed to the high chair in three different places. They found that children were able to slip out the bottom of a high chair and hope a fixed post will prevent this. High chairs are not recommended for children younger than 6 months of age. A child is only ready for a chair once they have good head and neck control and are able to sit up on their own. If one is used too early a child could experience positional asphyxia. You may however, be able to start a little sooner with a reclining high chair. CHOOSING THE RIGHT HIGH CHAIR Framework: choose a high chair that is sturdy. Put some weight on it and see if it squeaks, deforms or moves or collapses. Gaps: make sure there are no gaps your child can slip out of. Also chair-related check for gaps that little fingers can get caught in. Harness: choose a high chair with either a three-point or five-point harness that includes a crotch strap or a post. The restraint should go over the shoulders, around the waist and if a five-point harness then between the legs. Wide base: a high chair becomes top heavy when your child is in. Choosing a chair with a wide base will make it more stable so that it does not tip easily. Wheels: if you choose a high chair with wheels, make sure they can be locked when the chair is in use. Folding locks: if the high chair folds check that the locks work well enough so that the chair cannot fall or collapse when in use. Joints: choose a high chair with metal joints. These are stronger than plastic, which can crack after time. Safety standards: make sure the high chair meets current safety standards and has been approved by an international safety authority. BOOSTER SEATS AND HOOK-ON SEATS Please be careful when you use these chairs. If not used correctly these seats can be dangerous. Hook-on seat: These chairs are mounted directly onto a table and should only be used once your baby has good head and neck control and can sit upright. The mounts must be slip resistant and because this seat carries the entire weight of your baby the table has to be strong so that it does not tip over. Booster seat: These seats are attached to normals chair by straps to raise a child’s height. They are usually used when a child has outgrown the high chair but is not quite tall enough to sit at the table unaided. They should also have straps to keep your child in the seat. KEEPING YOUR CHILD SAFE IN A HIGH CHAIR Never leave your child unsupervised when they are in a high chair. Always use the safety straps when your child sits in the chair, even if only for a few minutes. The tray is not a restraint. If the chair folds, make sure it is locked each time you set the chair up. If the chair has wheels, make sure they are locked each time you set the chair up. Never allow your child to stand in the high chair. Do not place the high chair near a counter or table. Your child may be able to push against the surface and cause the chair to tip over. Don’t allow older children to climb or play on the high chair while another child is seated in it because it could tip over. Position the high chair at its lowest possible height if this is adjustable. Make sure potential hazards such as hot food, drink and sharp cutlery are out of reach. When choosing a high chair opt for an age-appropriate one with plenty of safety features. It’s also important to check often for recalls once you have purchased your chair. High chairs are commonly recalled because of their safety issues. Recent recalls include the Skip Hop Tuo convertible high chair and the Graco Table2Table 6-in-1. You can check http://www.recalls.gov to see if your high chair has been recalled. RESOURCES https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922813510599 http:// https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/newsroom/news-releases/2013/12/new-study-finds-24-children-a-day-are-treated-in-us-emergency-departments-for-high-chair-related

March 20, 2019

Cyberbullying

Bullies have always existed. However, in the digital age, the bullying we are seeing is worse than ever before. This is largely for two reasons: firstly, before we all had smartphones, a victim of bullying could go home from school and have some sort of break. Now, bullying is round the clock. Secondly, the type of content being shared is troubling as people say things behind a screen that they would never say to someone’s face. Moreover, the consequences of cyberbullying are more prevalent – in South Africa, we are seeing increased incidences of depression, anxiety and behaviour related to self-harm and even suicide as a direct result of cyberbullying. When it comes to cyberbullying, anonymity is the root of all evil – people seem to think they can get away with saying whatever they want when they hide behind the veil of online anonymity. We are seeing the worst kinds of bullying taking place on anonymous apps such as Qooh.me or through anonymous profiles created on apps such as Instagram. We are seeing a lot of naming and shaming, direct personal attacks, slut shaming, fat shaming, pressuring others to send nudes, and revenge pornography. Although terrible content is shared on anonymous platforms, the truth is that any platform can be open to abuse. Some platforms are simply better than others at removing offensive content. What to do if you are being bullied If YOU are being bullied: Tell a trusted adult (a parent, guardian or teacher). Take screenshots to keep as evidence. BLOCK the bully. If you are aware that someone else is being bullied: Don’t join in (this includes commenting and sharing harmful content) and leave a WhatsApp group that hosts abusive content. Report bullying to a trusted adult (a parent, guardian or teacher). What legal options are available if you are being bullied? If you know the identity of the bully, and the bullying is sufficiently severe to the extent that it can be said to cause you mental, emotional or psychological harm (or inspire the belief that harm could be caused), one mechanism available is to apply for a Protection Order under the Protection from Harassment Act. Almost all social media platforms have a reporting function that allows the possibility for damaging content to be removed. Finally, the Cybercrimes Bill, which will hopefully become law soon, has codified a lot of crimes relating to online activities. Specifically, its chapter on malicious communications criminalises the creation or distribution of “a data message” that incites the causing of any damage to property belonging to, or violence against, a person or group of persons which is harmful or intimate in nature, and which is distributed without the consent of the person involved. This would include a lot of content that we are loosely defining as cyberbullying.

March 20, 2019

Medical tax rebates stable after budget speech

Private medical aid members can breathe a sigh of relief after the budget speech. Treasury has been hinting for a while that they were considering reducing of the medical tax credit to fund the National Health Insurance (NHI), fortunately, it remains unchanged for the year ahead. Although it was a relief to members it was also a surprise tax sacrifice, considering the need to fund NHI. This equates to over R30 billion this year and around R35/36 billion for the coming year – a large sum indeed. It is believed the removal of tax credits would have upset too many people who are dependent on it to access private health care and are essentially being rewarded for not burdening the government health care. Before 2012, SARS deducted your medical aid contributions against your taxable income. ‘Originally,’ says Gerhard Van Emmenis, Principal Officer of Bonitas Medical Fund, ‘your medical aid contributions would be a deduction against your taxable income. However, from 2012, SARS introduced a medical credit, a ‘tax credit’ which is deducted from your overall tax liability.’ The medical tax credit consists of the following two amounts: The medical scheme fees tax credit This applies to the premiums paid by you to a registered medical scheme on behalf of yourself and your dependents. The main member, as well as the first dependant on the medical scheme, receive a monthly tax credit of R310 (for the 2018-2019 year). All additional dependants receive a monthly tax credit of R209 (for the 2018-2019 tax year). There are three categories: 1. Under 65 (without disability) 25% of the total contributions paid to the medical scheme Less (4X medical scheme fees credit) Plus qualifying medical expenses paid less 7.5% of taxable income 2. Under 65 (with a disability) 33.3% of total contributions paid to the medical scheme Less (3X medical scheme fees credit) Plus qualifying medical expenses paid 3. 65 or over (with or without disability) 33.3% of total contributions paid to the medical scheme Less (3X medical scheme fees credit) Plus qualifying medical expenses It is important to note that if your premium is a deduction from your salary or wages, your employer is obliged to use the credit system to adjust your monthly PAYE tax accordingly. If you contribute to a medical scheme independently from your employer, you will receive the tax credit on assessment when you complete your tax return. 2. The additional medical expenses tax credit This means that the overall amount of tax you need to pay at the end of the tax year is reduced. The amount of your tax rebate is made up of a percentage of all out-of-pocket expenses you have spent on qualifying medical expenses that weren’t covered by your medical scheme. This amount accumulates throughout the tax year. You will need to keep the slips for these expenses. To calculate the additional medical expenses tax credit, special formulas are used. The specific formula to use depends on your age and whether you or one or more of your dependants has a disability. The following out-of-pocket expenses qualify: Consultations, services or medications from a registered medical practitioner, arthropod, physiotherapist, dentist, chiropractor, herbalist, homoeopath, optometrist, osteopath or naturopath Admission to a registered hospital, including nursing homes Care at patient’s home by a registered nurse, nursing assistant, nursing agency or midwife Medicines prescribed by a duly registered physician (as listed above) and acquired from a duly registered pharmacist Medical expenses on services rendered or medicines supplied outside of South Africa and which are substantially similar to the services and medicines listed above Money paid towards the treatment of a physical impairment or disability (as long as it is a qualifying expense prescribed by the Commissioner). What about over-the-counter expenses It is important to note that unless these are prescribed by a registered medical practitioner and acquired by a pharmacist they don’t enjoy a tax rebate. Examples include medicines, such as cough syrups, headache tablets or vitamins. ‘Whether NHI is going to materialise or not’, says Van Emmenis, ‘The Government’s coffers need filling and the approximately 17% of the South African population on private medical should expect their medical aid tax relief to get less and less in the future.’

March 15, 2019

Review: OneAid Mini First Aid Kit

There is no doubt that we all need a good First-Aid Kit in the home, the car, your handbag…. You name it, children always seem to find scrapes and burns when you least expect it. We are absolutely in love with the MiniKit by OneAid. Developed by a mother who just happens to be a medical doctor with years of experience in the trauma room, every consideration has been made in this handy first aid kit. Firstly, it wraps up small. Small enough to fit in your handbag, diaper bag or to keep inside your motor vehicle. The kit comprises of: 2) Pairs of gloves (latex-free) (1) Hand disinfectant (2) First aid dressing (1) Conforming bandage (1) Triangular bandage (1) Sterile gauze (1) Sterile dressing pad (12) Assorted plasters (1) Burn gel (1) Burn dressing (4) cotton buds (1) Antiseptic solution (2) Antiseptic ointment (1) First aid scissors (1) Metal tweezers (1) Adhesive tape (1) Syringe (5ml) (3) Reward stickers Available in Red or Yellow Don’t miss out on this amazing first aid kit, you certainly will not be sorry! Retail price is R395 and can be purchased online at www.oneaid.co.za

March 8, 2019

Goatie Goodness – the better choice

When choosing milk, it’s not just a matter of full cream, low-fat or flavoured anymore. Sometimes an alternative is needed. But not all milks are created equal. Here’s a five-point checklist of what to look for and why Goat milk could be the ‘right’ milk choice for you and your family. Fat size Young children should drink full cream milk since they need the fat for proper development of their brains and nervous systems. Goat milk is a full cream milk and is naturally homogenized, meaning the fat molecules are naturally smaller and more easily digested. Protein Structure Milk is also a great source of high-quality protein. Protein builds, strengthens and repairs our body’s muscles, bones and blood. The protein composition of goat’ milk allows it to form a softer curd during digestion offering greater digestive health and comfort. Type of Carbohydrate Some carbohydrates, known as oligosaccharides possess “prebiotic” properties, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in our gut and boosting our immune system. Goat milk contains the highest amount of oligosaccharides among domestic animals and is free of added sugars Essential Vitamins & Minerals Research consistently shows that South Africans have a low intake of the minerals, calcium and potassium. Milk is a good source of calcium. Calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D is essential to help increase the absorption of calcium from the gut. Check the ingredients list on the milk label for milk with Vitamin D (cholecalciferol). One glass of KABRITA Instant Full Cream Goat Milk gives you half your daily requirements for vitamin D. Better Sustainability Important environmental issues such as hygiene, animal welfare and overall quality are uppermost in the minds of the most discerning consumer and parent. All KABRITA goats’ milk is non-GMO* and is sourced from farms which follow strict guidelines in terms of animal feed and treatment. KABRITA goats’ milk is set to meet the highest international standards and goats have not been exposed to antibiotics, growth hormones or pesticides. KABRITA Instant Full Cream Goat Milk is available as an easy-to-use goat milk powder for the whole family; it’s free of added sugars and provides nutrients that support health. Why not give this unique, high-quality goat milk with its fresh and mildly sweet taste, a try? *non-genetically modified organisms Kabrita Instant Full Cream Goat Milk powder is available at Dis-Chem Pharmacy, Baby City stores and Wellness Warehouse nationwide with a price range from R170 (400g). The product range is also online at… www.dischem.co.za www.wellnesswarehouse.com www.takealot.com For more information and visit www.kabrita.co.za and follow @kabrita_sa on Facebook and Instagram. #GoatieGoodness #KabritaSA

March 8, 2019

Bonitas gives back

Members of Bonitas Medical Fund will now have access to free lifestyle vouchers as well as discounted offers on gap cover and financial services products through the Fund’s new multi-insurer platform. This is not another Loyalty programme. ‘Our members’ health has always been a priority and we strive to make healthcare as affordable as possible,’ says Gerhard van Emmenis, Principal Officer of Bonitas. ‘And while our various plans offer a host of benefits, we know that in difficult financial times money matters can add to stress levels. For this reason, we have adopted a multi-insurer platform which offers members discounted lifestyle vouchers as well as exclusive offers on gap cover and various insurance products.’ The past 12 months have been extremely difficult for consumers, impacted by the increase in VAT, the fuel levy and the resulting escalating prices. This has increased the burden placed on consumers struggling to make ends meet. ‘In 2017 a Financial Wellness Indicator revealed that 73.5% of South African households were financially unwell,’ says Van Emmenis. ‘2019 is no different. Consumers are cash strapped so being able to align with strategic partners to offer a comprehensive and tangible way to relieve the money pressure while helping them find them some ‘extra’ money, will go a long way to keeping them physically and financially healthy.’ A report published last year, which reviewed rewards programmes in South Africa, indicated that there are around 100+ existing loyalty programmes with the average consumer subscribed to about nine. ‘The economic landscape is tough to navigate and we didn’t want to add to the pressure already placed on our members by offering a loyalty programme for which they would have to pay an additional monthly fee for. Our multi-insurer platform is premised on negotiating exclusive deals to the benefit of our members. ‘They are designed to add real value aligned to member needs.’ Van Emmenis explains. In brief: These do not cost anything There are no points No levels of membership You don’t have to work for rewards The model is split in two. One: Free monthly discount lifestyle shopping vouchers to offset daily living expenses These are available from over 30 retailers and 6 000 outlets countrywide, such as Shoprite, Takealot and Edgars, as well as for airtime and data purchases and electricity. ‘The deals are aimed at the average South African, with discount vouchers for groceries, data, airtime and electricity. There are also discounts on activewear and gym membership to encourage a healthier lifestyle,’ Van Emmenis says. Two: Discounted financial service products through Medgap and Indie MedGap offers comprehensive gap cover at a discount of up to 26% exclusively for Bonitas members. Indie offers various financial products such as a funeral, critical illness or disability cover, as well as income protection at a discounted premium, together with a free investment at no extra cost. Indie will match and invest up to 110% of Bonitas’ member’s life insurance premiums, with cash drops every five years. The multi-insurer platform is supported by a new, revamped member zone to allow members to manage their medical aid 24/7, on any device. This includes submitting claims, applying for chronic medicine and viewing benefits clearly signalling a new era of medical aid has dawned.

March 2, 2019

Autism in Adults

The Adult Programme for People with Autism (APPAutism) is a registered non-profit company that aims to provide support for adults with moderate to severe Autism who are unable to independently perform the tasks required of adult life, following the principle of life-long learning, in a supported environment. Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how a person communicates with and relates to, other people, and their ability to function in the world around them. It is a spectrum condition, which means that, while all people with autism share certain difficulties, their condition will affect them in different ways. The majority manifest with moderate to severe learning and behavioural disabilities and need a lifetime of specialist support. The nature of the disability is such that it requires intervention and management that is specific to the condition. There are very few centres in South Africa that cater to this need. APPAutism’s mission is to prepare adults over the age of 18 for life outside of the schooling environment, by implementing a programme of meaningful activities and interactions with the aim of developing the skills and behaviours required for these adults to be able to maximize their potential and integrate into their environments. It aims to provide a happy environment with varied activities and programmes which are individualised and where members feel they belong. The Programme The programme is highly structured. Every day includes components of daily living skills; vocational skills (at the many facilities within REEA); communication and socialisation skills; cognitive skills, and leisure and well-being activities Participants are taken twice a week to a fully operational protective workshop, where they work supervision by a job coach in order to develop their ability to work in a protective workshop environment. The programme provides for a varied and stimulating day, combining group work, individual work, and community interaction; as well as combining pre-vocational and vocational skill development, with activities that are enjoyable and fun There is a high staff to adult ratio. (One staff member per five participants. The programme is individualised as far as possible to the specific strengths of each person. Each person will have an Individual Daily Life Plan which incorporates goals/ activities related to the social, emotional, work, and familial aspects of their lives. APPA is a non-profit company. However monthly fees are charged in order to maintain the varied extent of the programme, and the high staff to student ratio. We are open from 08:00 to 15:00 daily, Monday to Friday, with an annual holiday break in December. Daily Living Activities : Aim: To develop and build self-help skills, leading to independence, in the areas of dressing, hygiene, food preparation, meal-times; housekeeping duties. Examples of activities may be: preparing food/snacks; laying the table; eating together; independent eating skills; sweeping; loading dishwasher; hanging up clothes; feeding pets; laying the table; etc Protective Workshop Activities : Aim: To identify the “best-fit” workshop/work activities that leverage both the interests and the capabilities of the adult. This may include daily workshop time either in the REEA facility or in an external facility that has been identified. Or it may include partial workshop activity time, e.g. for a couple of hours twice a week. This will depend on the ability of the individual to stay on task for long periods of time. Examples of activities may be: Sorting, packaging; compiling; assembling; office work; Working in the gardens; Part-time work at already established protective workshop centres; Dog walking; Any other work in and around the facility Leisure and Well Being: Aim: To replicate a normal, fulfilling day with balanced activities to ensure the quality of life and to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Examples of activities may be: Walking/hiking/exercising; Art lessons; Music Therapy; Watching TV/listening to movies; Restaurant/movies/ten pin bowling; “Me” time; Dancing/ ball play/soccer; Shopping Communication and Socialisation Aim: To continue to develop appropriate communication skills, and socially appropriate, adaptive behaviours, and work on diminishing socially inappropriate behaviours. These specific skills are inherent and form part of all other activities at the centre. Group socialisation sessions are held weekly led by a qualified social worker. AAC communication devices or systems are encouraged. Cognitive Aim: To continue to reinforce and build on academic skills obtained during schooling years Examples of activities may be: Numeracy and basic math’s; English and writing skills; Money skills; Computer Skills; Fine motor and gross motor development Facilities Here we have combined our own specific programme, in our own custom venue, with the facilities available at REEA. The facilities available to us include: A specific area custom designed for APPA (Adult Programme for People with Autism) A homely environment A large kitchen and laundry for life skills A fully catered dining room for lunchtime meals Large gardens Right on the border with Delta Park for walks and physical activities A medical/emergency room, staffed with a full-time nurse Horseriding facilities on the property Indoor swimming facility nearby

March 1, 2019

The link between emotional challenges and poor academic performance

Have you ever considered that your child’s struggles at school may be because of emotional challenges? The academic year, as we are already aware, hold many stressors for children. What we are not always conscious of is that a child’s emotional state can directly affect the need to perform academically. In fact, according to Kerry De Jager, Head Franchisor at Step Up Education Centres, South Africa says, “Children who are experiencing emotional challenges (pain, uncertainty, family challenges, low self-esteem and fear) are more likely to struggle with the academic demands of formal schooling.” Think of a time as an adult, for example, where you have had an emotional challenge. “It is incredibly difficult to focus on our jobs and careers when our emotional state is one of pain, blame or demotivation. As an adult we have developed the skills needed to cope with stress and anxiety and yet our emotional state sometimes hinders our ability to function in the workplace,” Kerry explains. She adds that developmentally some children are not yet ready to deal with these stresses and furthermore an emotional immature child will not have the coping skills to deal with the way their emotions make them feel. As the stresses of the year creep up on them, their emotional state will have a greater and greater impact on their ability to concentrate on their academic work. “An emotionally stable learner is able to take in and retain new information more effectively. Concentration skills are better and social relationships are a great deal more positive.” Kerry gives the following tips to parents who you have a child who is struggling at school: It is important to look at your child as a unique individual and realise that academic performance cannot be looked at in isolation. If your child has not performed as well as what you expected, try and find out why. Aim at honest non-judgemental conversations that will enable you to understand the emotional state that your child has been in during the academic year. Are they emotionally able to cope with the grade that they are in? Has it been a particularly difficult year at home? Has your child had a significant change in their lives like a new sibling or perhaps a divorce? Has there been a change in friends at school or at social clubs? All these questions may provide some insight into why they have not performed as well as you anticipated. They will also afford you an opportunity to work together to find positive solutions. Remember that everyone wants to achieve success, whether they are willing to admit it or not! It is not in their nature to want to fail. Our role as parents is to guide, support, encourage and motivate our children to rise above the challenges of life to achieve the best version of themselves! “Each child is unique and their needs all differ. If you take the time to try and understand why a child is performing the way they are, it is a huge step in the right direction. Be patient with your children as they navigate the world with you at their side!” Kerry Concludes.

February 28, 2019

Pregnancy and Migraine

Pregnancy is an exciting time for many women. Unfortunately pregnant women also suffer from headaches and migraines, and tend so self-medicate with over the counter medication. According to Dr Elliot Shevel, Medical Director of The Headache Clinic, and South Africa’s internationally recognized Migraine expert and pioneer in the field of Migraine Surgery, “Often the migraines or headaches worsen during the first trimester (the first three months of pregnancy), but don’t despair – in 70 % of women the migraines get better in the second and third trimesters. Unfortunately medication is not a good option during pregnancy, and the only pain medication that is safe is Panado or Paracetamol,” he says. “Unfortunately pregnant women who suffer from migraines with aura, (a term used to refer to warning signs of migraine such as seeing zigzag lines before the pain starts), usually don’t find relief in the second half of their pregnancy and have less chance of improvement.” Two studies show that many pregnant women rely on over the counter medication. The first study, published in the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, showed “a significant number of pregnant women relied on over-the-counter medication”. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Isra University Hospital in Pakistan for six months and comprised of 351 pregnant women who were interviewed face to face. Overall, 223 (63.5%) patients were using over the counter drugs before pregnancy and 128 (36.5%) had used them in a previous pregnancy. A further 133 (37.9%) were using the medications during the current pregnancy. Quite worrying is that a total of 103(77.4%) had no knowledge about the possible harmful effects of the medication they were taking. Whilst this study highlighted the frequent use of over the counter medications in pregnant women, another study, published in Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, indicates most women experience automatic relief during their 2nd and 3rd trimesters. So is surgery a viable option in pregnant women? One of the most successful treatment methods for migraine is to close off the small arteries under the skin of the scalp that cause the pain (not the arteries in the brain), by means of minimally invasive surgery. Commenting on the surgery during pregnancy, Dr Shevel says, ‘We usually wouldn’t do the surgery during the first three months of the pregnancy because the drugs used in the sedation or anaesthetic may affect the fetus and cause problems. After the first trimester the operation is safe to perform, but we prefer to wait until the baby is born to avoid any possible unforeseen complications. Sometimes however, an expectant mother is just in so much pain that the operation can’t wait.” Other pressing issues Expectant mothers always have a lot of questions about headaches and migraines. Here are some answered: Will the baby be affected by the trauma and pain of my headache? No, says Shevel. “There is no evidence to indicate this, but the baby can be affected by a medication the mother is using and that is why we are saying only Panado or Paracetamol is safe.” Is there an ingredient in the pill that aggravates or makes headaches worse? The short answer is yes. “The pill contains a variety of different hormones, and changes in those hormone levels can affect the headaches. It is interesting to note however, that although they can make the headaches worse, they may also sometimes make them better – it’s impossible to predict.” What role does breastfeeding play? According to Shevel breastfeeding can also play a role. “If women breastfeed after birth the headaches usually stays away until the baby is weaned. “

February 26, 2019

How to teach the essential skill of self-awareness to your children

Life on earth is a rollercoaster ride of emotions and our reactions to these emotions. All too often, we coaster through life, unaware of our behavioral choices and even worse, unable to consider the possibility that we could have made better choices for ourselves along the way. According to Cindy Glass, Founder and Owners of Step Up Education Centres says, “Self-awareness is the first skill in emotional intelligence and it sets the precedent for the growth and development of all emotional intelligence skills. Being able to look at ourselves honestly, and without negative judgement, will enable and empower us to achieve greater success in all that we do. This, of course, applies to our children and their personal and academic learning as well.” She adds that self-awareness skills will help your children become aware of their emotions and behaviours and make better choices in all that they do. They will also experience better personal relationships as they become aware of the emotions, behaviours and choices of others. “It is important to note that self-awareness includes skills in being aware of positive and negative emotions, behaviours and choices. It is about learning to own these choices, learn from the mistakes and consider what behaviours will be best in any situation,” Cindy explains. She offers the following helpful tips to teach your child this essential life skill: Create an environment where your children are free to recognise and acknowledge their mistakes and achievements in a non-judgmental, non-frightening way. Remember that it is fear of negative consequences that often hold us back from admitting mistakes to ourselves. And yet, if we cannot own a mistake, how can we find a positive solution to fix it? Don’t allow the blame-game. Blaming others for the choices that we have made disempowers us and reduces our opportunity to grow and learn from our choices and experiences. You are your child’s first and most powerful teacher – set the example! Teach your children the power of self-awareness by being self-aware! Remember that we are all on that rollercoaster that we call life and learning is a life-long gift. Teach your children to be kind to themselves in their uniqueness and imperfections, just as you are kind toward yourself. Teach your children to recognise and honour their own talents and not to compare themselves to anyone else. We must remember that we are ALL on this journey and we all have interesting and wonderful ways in which we can choose to live our lives. Different is not less. Non-judgmental self-awareness is essential. Positive self-worth is everything! “Learning the essential skill of self-awareness will bring about more positive learning and it will go a long way in ensuring that we live happier, more fulfilled lives. Which parent would not want this for themselves and their children?” concludes Cindy.

February 22, 2019

Understanding Migraine Triggers

Migraine is a very common problem that affects about 18% of all women and 6% of all men. Studies have shown that environment, lifestyle, and diet can play a large role in how often you get migraines. Dr Elliot Shevel, Medical Director of The Headache Clinic, and South Africa’s internationally recognized Migraine expert and pioneer in the field of Migraine Surgery says that the most commonly reported migraine triggers include alcohol (especially red wine and beer), chocolate, aged cheese, cured meats, food preservatives that contain nitrates and nitrites, and monosodium glutamate (MSG). Although these are the most common, almost any food can be a trigger. Even so, only about 20% of migraine suffers have an identifiable food trigger. There is no certainty why certain foods trigger headaches, but suggested mechanisms are as follows: Chocolate 22 percent of headache sufferers identify chocolate as one of their headache triggers. But many people with migraines have increased appetite and food cravings just before their headaches start. Reaching for a chocolate bar may be the result of a migraine, rather than the cause. Alcohol Sulfites used as preservatives in red wine have been linked to migraine headaches. Alcohol in any drink causes the blood vessels in the scalp to dilate, and can also result in dehydration, both of which might be headache triggers. Alcohol is also a potent trigger for cluster headaches – otherwise known as “suicide headaches”. They are known as suicide headaches because the pain is so severe that sufferers do sometimes actually commit suicide. Caffeine Caffeine can actually help get rid of a migraine headache because caffeine works as a vasoconstrictor for some patients. In some patients it can trigger a headache or make it worse. Caffeine may be included in some migraine medications, but too much caffeine can be a headache trigger when you come down from your caffeine “high.” Cheese It is generally agreed that aged cheese is more likely to cause a headache, because it contains a substance called tyramine that forms as the proteins in cheese break down over time. The longer a cheese ages, the more tyramine it has. MSG Monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is found in soy sauce and as a food additive has been implicated in causing migraine. The interesting thing though, is that in cultures where MSG is used extensively, the percentage of migraine sufferers is the same as in other countries. Ice cream The stabbing pain you get when you eat ice cream too fast is a reaction to the cold, not the ice cream itself. An ice cream headache is more likely if you are overheated. The pain peaks in about 30 to 60 seconds. “Cold foods like ice cream may be migraine triggers for people who suffer from migraines, but for most people, the pain goes away quickly. Bananas Bananas usually don’t appear on lists of foods that are headache triggers, but they could trigger a migraine for people who are sensitive to tyramine, the same substance found in aged cheese. Preserved meats The nitrates and nitrites used as preservatives in hot dogs, bacon, and lunch meats may dilate blood vessels and trigger headaches in some people. According to Dr Shevel, studies can’t tell you if, or which foods may trigger your headaches, but many people do have food triggers and some triggers are completely obscure and uncommon. There are a few important things to remember about migraine food triggers says Shevel: Migraine attacks are often due to multiple factors. There are many non-dietary trigger factors for migraine. When you’re already stressed, not sleeping well, and not exercising, eating a food trigger may make it more likely to have a migraine attack. In this case, it is the combination of all of these different things that contribute to the migraine, and not just the one food. Your personal food triggers can be difficult to figure out. Here are some suggestions: Keep a food diary along with your headache diary, to help identify what you ate before migraine attacks. You can download a diary by clicking here Some foods can trigger a headache right away, while with other foods the headache can be delayed up to 24 hours. If you think a specific food is triggering migraine attacks, you may try to avoid that food for a month. Only limit one food at a time so that there can be no confusion as to which one affected you and monitor your symptoms to see if they improve. Be careful about trying extremely strict diets. There is a risk of avoiding foods that are not necessarily migraine triggers and you may be missing out on many important nutrients. The presence of triggers is confusing though, as they are frequently blamed for causing migraines, whereas the actual cause is some change in the body that predisposes the patient to develop migraine attacks. In other words, the patient is susceptible to developing migraine attacks – and the trigger merely sets them off. This means that if the underlying problem is diagnosed and treated, those triggers that previously set off an attack no longer do so. Obviously if the patient identifies a certain foodstuff that always triggers an attack, they should avoid it. The problem though is that many triggers, such as weather changes, stress, and hormone changes during the menstrual cycle, cannot be avoided. At The Headache Clinic, the emphasis therefore is not on identifying the triggers, but on diagnosing and treating the underlying problem. Dr Elliot Shevel, Medical Director of The Headache Clinic, and South Africa’s internationally recognized Migraine expert and pioneer in the field of Migraine Surgery, says that although migraine has many triggers, most people cannot identify their individual triggers. The best way to treat migraine therefore is not to focus upon the triggers, but upon cause, i.e. the actual physical structures that generate the pain during an attack. With the latest state-of-the-art diagnostic and Non- drug treatment techniques developed at The Headache Clinic, it is possible to prevent migraine

February 21, 2019

The Taboo Topic Of High Allergen Foods And Breastfeeding

The topic of high allergen foods being consumed while breastfeeding has been a long debated one. However, we have some interesting developments on the subject! Read on below to see why you, in fact, should be upping the ante by eating high allergen foods whilst breastfeeding. Don’t Believe Us? Believe The Science! In a study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine today, research suggests that a mother’s diet while breastfeeding can help the baby build certain tolerances against allergic foods. Conducted by teams from Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, they researchers show how introducing allergic foods to your child’s digestive system from an early age actually help them build tolerance against these foods later in life. This results in them not developing full blown allergies to the foods in question. How To Introduce High Allergen Foods Into Your Diet Whilst Breastfeeding You know the good old saying, less is more? this is definitely true in this instance. When introducing the foods to your diet, do so slowly so as to not risk giving your child a reaction. For example, start with a handful of nuts a day. Go for sushi one weekend. All the while, monitor how your baby reacts to the new exposure to these foods. What Not To Do In The Process By no means should you jeopardise your own well-being. If you are highly allergic to a certain food, eating these foods will do you no good. As a result, this will definitely not benefit your baby either. Therefore, only introduce foods which you can safely eat yourself into your and your baby’s diet. Making High Allergen Foods And Breastfeeding Work In Unison From now on, do not be afraid to experiment a little with what you are eating. Who knows, it could actually benefit them highly later on in life!

February 19, 2019

Gō-Ecō WITH THE NEW KURO-Bō RANGE

KURO-Bō’s message is simple. It is now 100% easy and 100% convenient to create the best-tasting water using 100% natural filters that are kind to the environment and sustainably produced. It’s a promise! Since launching in 2017, KURO-Bō has rapidly (r)evolutionised water filtering systems in South Africa. Through their innovative use of Japanese-inspired activated charcoal (or “Binchotan”), KURO-Bō has changed the way South Africans can access purified and mineralised water, at home and on-the-go, and with zero single-use plastic. After introducing their first Gō-Ecō 1L Bottle in January 2018, KURO-Bō has extended their planet-changing range even further to make their eco-filtering technology appealing to even more active people on the gō. Those seeking a more compact bottle and volume, will welcome the new 550 ml size Gō-Ecō bottle with a sustainable bamboo lid, and a removable neoprene sleeve that doubles up as a sports-grip and insulation, keeping your KURO-Bō naturally purified water cool. Refill the Gō-Ecō bottle with tap water using the clever detoxing KURO-Bō Activated Charcoal Kōins, which have been specially designed to fit into the bottles, purifying, mineralising and pH-balancing your water while you’re active and on the move. KURO-Bō hasn’t stopped there. Frustrated by the lack of 100% plastic-free, long-lasting and effective bottle cleaners on the market, their new KURO-Bō Gō-Ecō Natural Cleaning Brush fills a real gap. The bristles are made of natural sisal, and the practical long handle is sustainable bamboo. It’s eco-friendly functional beauty in action! KURO-Bō blends elegance and style with practical functionality when it comes to naturally filtering water, but of equal importance is the message inherent in their whole range. Their new symbolic image speaks to the importance of placing care of land, water and our health – in other words, the whole of Nature – at the forefront of our awareness in whatever we do in the world. And that certainly includes how we filter our water. KURO-Bō natural water filters are fully recyclable, zero-waste and plastic-free. That’s a message they hope their Gō-Ecō bottles will carry far and wide. KURO-Bō Gō-Ecō bottles retail from R260 for the 1 litre, from R220 for the 550 ml. The bottle brush retails from R100 and a box of Koins from R180. KURO-Bō products are available in good independent health shops country-wide, in all Wellness Warehouse stores, selected Spar, Dis-Chem and @Home stores, and online at Faithful-to-Nature and Takealot, as well as directly from KURO-Bō. Please note that the 550ml bottles are available from 1st Feb and brushes are available from 1st Mar in stores (We do however, have the 550ml bottle available now, directly from our online store)

February 17, 2019

Review: KURO-Bō Natural Water Filter System

Zero-waste and plastic free… this is the life that many are trying to achieve in 2019. The KURO-Bō natural water filter system is a must purchase this year. Starting from the glass bottle to the unique filter system this product is 100% easy and 100% convenient! The bottles retail from R260 for a 1 litre bottle. Once you have your bottle which features a bamboo lid and removable sleeve, you will need to grab some KURO-Bō detoxing Activated charcoal Kōins. The process works by means of you boiling the KURO-Bō tablets for 10 minutes. You simply add the charcoal tablet to your tap water and place it in the fridge in your stylish bottle for an hour or two for the magic to start. The KURO-Bō charcoal Kōins purify, mineralise and ph balance your water while you are active on the move. They absorb toxins, bacteria and are enriched with minerals such as calcium and magnesium! For more information visit www.kuro-bo.com or visit good independent health store country wide to get your own. They are also available from Wellness Warehouse, selected Spar outlets, Dis-Chem and @Home Stores. Purchase online from Faithful-to-Nature and Takealot

February 15, 2019

Screen Addiction: parenting in the age of a digital era

No other topic could create a catastrophe of opinions, judgements, beliefs and arguments as parenting. Add technology in the mix and you’ve created world war 3. According to a survey conducted by internet security company AVG in the US, 92% of children have an online presence by the time they are 2 years old. These days’ children learn to swipe a screen before they are able to hold crayons. The digital revolution of the past 2 decades has induced a moral panic in parenting. When a child goes on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram, parents have certain unanswered questions such as: Are our kids aware of the privacy settings on social networking sites? Do they adhere to them? What kind of online games are our kids playing? Are they playing the right ones or ones that are not suitable for their age/ taste/ social-cultural backgrounds? How much digital engagement is enough and how much is too much? Though a child’s online presence allows young people access to invaluable resources and learning opportunities, it also brings about parenting challenges such as cyberbullying and filtering age-appropriate content. Parents play a vital role in teaching the children practice of “netiquette” outside of the classroom, all these require that the parent themselves be digitally literate. A digitally illiterate parent poses a risk to the privacy and safety of children. A tech naive parent may in a moment of some parental pride, post content(pictures, videos, information) of their child exposing them to the bad world of cybercrime. So we often ask ourselves which of these 2 parents is the perfect parent? Is there such a thing as correct parenting? Especially in this technologically advanced era we live in? And how much technology is too much technology? What happened to the good old days when kids played outside instead of staring into their phones and the television during their school holidays? Being a parent is hard and raising children in a digital era is even harder. Gone are the days of kids just being kids, playing hopscotch in the backyard, catching a ball in the garden or planning how they are going to build that tree house. These days playing involves Fifa and a ps4 or perhaps and X Box or candy crush. What happened to good old fashion childhood games our parents used to play? At Sugar Bay we encourage children to hold on to their childhood as much as possible, kids get to be outdoors the whole day engaging in activities such as kayaking, bmxing , rock climbing or they can choose to spend a relaxing day beading or baking amongst other things. These activities encourage kids to show their creative side, help them discover their hidden talents and passion and leaving a small room to be thinking about their phones. Like our saying goes: “What we learn in fun we never forget”. Sugar Bay is much more than a luxury holiday resort. Sugar Bay ensures the personal development and growth of a child, increase self-esteem, self-confidence and independence. Allowing campers to pick and choose from over 100 activities allows them to make decisions for themselves which encourages independence. We understand the constant need kids have of always being on their phone, but which parent wouldn’t want their child to enjoy being a child and being outdoors in the garden like they did in their good old days.

February 15, 2019

Chocolate can trigger migraines; Finds study

You should think twice before giving that someone special chocolates this Valentine’s day – it may just give them a migraine! And that’s not because they’re not in the mood; a scientific double-blind study shows chocolate can trigger migraines. The London-based study, published in Cephalalgia, the official journal of the International Headache Society, was conducted on 20 migraine sufferers. Chocolate bars were given to the subjects and bars of carob were used as a placebo. The chocolate bars caused migraine in 8 of the 20 migraine subjects while the carob bars did not induce migraine in a single sufferer. Dr Elliot Shevel, Medical Director of The Headache Clinic, and South Africa’s internationally recognized Migraine expert and pioneer in the field of Migraine Surgery, says the study clearly shows individuals who are prone to getting migraines should be careful when eating chocolates. “The reason for this is chocolate contains a chemical called phenylethylamine which is thought to trigger migraines by affecting the arteries in the scalp which are the source of the pain. Unfortunately phenylethylamine is found in the cocoa bean which is what chocolate is made from,” he says. “Carob bars, available from your local health store may drastically improve your chances of getting lucky this Valentine’s Day!” What other items can trigger migraines? Alcohol Migraine sufferers should try not to drink liquor since this can be a regular trigger of migraines. If you can’t resist, have one glass of champagne or white wine, as it is generally the dark alcoholic beverages that trigger migraines. Flowers Hay fever headaches are triggered by flowers and cause a dull, deep, throbbing pain. Some of the symptoms of hay fever headaches are pain in one specific area of your face or head (for example, behind your eyes) or the face is tender to the touch. Rather don’t buy your partner flowers if they are prone to getting migraines. Perfume People who are sensitive to fragrances and/ other odors should bear this in mind when shopping for a Valentine’s Day gift. Seek those that are fragrance free and ask a pharmacist for advice if necessary. When do I consult with a medical professional about my migraines? “People should not leave a migraine untreated,” says Dr. Shevel. “It is imperative that you undergo a multidisciplinary investigation to diagnose the specific factors behind the recurring headache. “There are a number of healthier treatment options than medication available right here in South Africa. It is possible to get to the bottom of the problem and resolve the pain permanently without medication so that you can enjoy the quality of life you deserve.” He has the guidelines for when it is possible time to consult a medical professional: • If you are unable to manage your headache on your own. • If a headache persist or if you frequently get them. • If in interferes with your day-to-day activities.

February 15, 2019

HEALTHY EATING FOR A HEALTHY PREGNANCY

There’s nothing else quite like pregnancy to sharpen your focus on your health and well-being. The journey of carrying and nurturing new life within your body is an exceptionally special time, and moms-to-be are deeply invested in doing it as well as they can. Advice will inevitably come from all quarters, and it is important to tap into expert sources that will give you peace of mind that you are on the right track. The aim of Pregnancy Awareness Week this month is to help moms access the information they need to support a healthy pregnancy and safe motherhood. The Department of Health urges pregnant South African women to access antenatal care as early as possible in their pregnancies. This provides the opportunity to understand and manage any health issues, as well as get information on important factors such as self-care and nutrition. Once the pregnancy is confirmed by a nurse at a health facility, the mother can register for MomConnect, a free cell phone-based resource for accessing pregnancy-related health information. Nazeeia Sayed, a registered dietitian and spokesperson for ADSA (Association for Dietetics in South Africa), points out that good nutrition is vital as it supports a healthier pregnancy and a healthier baby. “Pregnancy is a great opportunity to get yourself and the family into the habit of healthy eating before the new baby arrives,” she says. “You don’t need special or expensive foods. A healthy diet during pregnancy is made up of foods that we commonly encounter when grocery shopping. A variety of fruit and veg, whole grains, legumes and lentils, dairy, plant fats and lean meats, fish and eggs can all be enjoyed while you are pregnant and will provide the nutrients you need.” What nutrients should moms-to-be focus on? Following a balanced diet according to the accepted healthy eating guidelines is the optimum nutritional route to support a healthy pregnancy. Pregnancy is definitely not the time for weight loss or fad diets that focus on particular nutrients at the expense of others. Registered dietitian and ADSA spokesperson, Cath Day says, “Energy (kilojoule) restriction during pregnancy is not recommended! High protein diets which increase ketone production are also not recommended as the foetus has a limited ability to metabolize ketones. It is much healthier for you to adopt a balanced diet with a good variety.” Nutrients such as folic acid, calcium, iron and protein are all important to the developing baby; however a balanced diet will, in most cases, meet these needs. Women enrolled in the government’s antenatal care programme will receive supplements of the essential micro-nutrients; and many women choose to supplement with folic acid to prevent the risks of Spina Bifida and cleft palate. Day points out that meeting protein requirements during pregnancy is as simple as ensuring that you eat roughly six servings or between 180 g- 210 g of protein each day (size of two palms or two decks of cards). One serving equates to 30 g lean meat or fish, 1/2 cup of legumes, 15 g nuts or one egg. “These are also the best sources of iron which is needed to prevent anaemia,” she says. “By eating fruit and vegetables high in vitamin C at the same time as eggs, nuts and pulses, you can enhance iron absorption from these foods.” Focusing on a variety of healthy foods for each meal or snack, rather than the particular nutrients, is what helps to ensure you and baby get what you need. Sayed says, “Some examples of this are choosing nutrient-dense meals or snacks like an omelette with veg, a fruit and yoghurt smoothie, a salad with raw veg, nuts or lean meat; or a cooked lentil dish with green leafy veg and rice.” What should moms-to-be avoid? Smoking tops the list of what shouldn’t be going into a pregnant body. While there’s debate about whether drinking one glass of wine is safe for a growing baby, many experts and governments around the world advise a complete avoidance of alcohol during pregnancy. Pregnant women should avoid foods with a greater risk for contamination with Listeria or other bacteria or parasites, including under-cooked meat and eggs, raw fish, processed meats and unpasteurised dairy and soft cheeses. Dietitians also advise avoiding fish that may contain high levels of mercury such as swordfish, shark, tuna steaks and canned fish brands that are not tested. Caffeine intake should be limited, and rather swopped out for decaf options, with water as your best beverage of choice. Foods that are high in salt, sugar and other refined carbohydrates should be limited as they crowd out the opportunity for you to eat healthy foods which provide for your vitamin, mineral and fibre needs. They can also lead to excessive weight gain which increases your risks of developing high blood pressure issues and gestational diabetes. Reach out and get help when you need it Healthy eating during pregnancy does not have to be complicated or a minefield. It might be more challenging for moms-to-be who need to make big changes; or who are overweight or managing other health conditions. A registered dietitian can be an important ally to come up with a healthy eating plan that suits your food preferences, your budget and your lifestyle. “The big advantage of using your pregnancy as the inspiration to eat well is that you can go on to become a healthy eating role model for your precious child, instilling healthy eating habits that can last them a lifetime,” Sayed concludes. To find a registered dietitian in your area visit www.adsa.org.za.

February 14, 2019

Why we should be testing our food for nitrates and GreenTest’s top tips for summertime healthy eating

Summer is here, and the holiday season is approaching with the promise of lots of outdoor fun and relaxation time. As we start to anticipate fun in the sun, lazy afternoon cricket games on the lawn with the kids and sharing cold slices of juicy watermelon around the pool; these happy musings are imbued with the expectancy of our glowing health. However, as we all know the good health of ourselves and our loved ones can never be taken for granted. There’s ever-increasing awareness that taking responsibility for our health is multi-faceted, and latest scientific research is continually alerting us to nutritional and environmental issues that we need to get to grips with to safeguard our families. We can thank latest technology solutions that this is becoming far easier to do for ourselves. Recently launched food safety device, GreenTest shows us that taking our health into our own hands does not have to be difficult and demanding at all. The range of lightweight, easy to use, award-winning nitrate detectors empower us to make better food choices in the moment. As Lila Bruk, a registered dietitian points out, South African consumers are becoming far more conscious not just of the nutritional value of the foods we eat, but of food safety issues as well. “With lifestyle diseases on the rise, it is becoming increasingly important for consumers to be able to test their own food so that we can not only choose nourishing foods but manage our future health and well-being. The ability to test nitrate and nitrite levels in our own food is significant and empowering for South African consumers.” Why we should be testing our food for nitrates Nitrates and nitrites are naturally-occurring compounds containing nitrogen. Nitrates are essential for plant growth and occur in differing amounts in most of our plant-based foods. Nitrites are typically used as a preservative in smoked and processed meats. At low levels, nitrates which are converted into nitrites once ingested, are generally harmless in the human body. However, at high levels, nitrates and nitrites are toxic to humans and animals. Higher concentrations of nitrates in food, especially in meat cooked at high temperatures, also pose the risk of the formation of nitrosamines which have been associated with various health risks, including some cancers. The International Agency for Research on Cancer lists ingested nitrate or nitrite ‘under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation’ as ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’ (Group 2A). Concerns about nitrate levels present in our food have been growing over the past decades because of ever-increasing use of nitrate-based fertilisers in the conventional farming sector. Nitrates and nitrates are water-soluble and also leach into the ground. It stands to reason that we are likely to be consuming way more nitrates than previous generations, and this has raised concerns that we are at risk for nitrate toxicity and the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. The World Health Organisation (WHO) specifies that the acceptable daily intake of nitrate is 3.65 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day, but up until now there’s been no way for the consumer to monitor this. GreenTesting your summer fruits GreenTest devices, launched in South African by food safety company, Alvarita provide an accurate reading of the nitrate levels in 64 different kinds of commonly eaten fruits and vegetables in a matter of seconds. Some models also test the nitrate levels of meat, fish and water. “The unique rapid analysis feature provides a green, orange or red result that informs you whether you can go back for more; should moderate your intake or rather just avoid a food for the sake of your health,” says Alvarita CEO, Damian Michael. “With GreenTest the power to make truly healthy food choices is conveniently in your hands.” GreenTest’s top tips for summertime healthy eating: As the days get hotter, it’s the ideal time for cooler eating. Focus on crisp salads full of fresh ingredients; swap dollops of heavy, starchy veg for light and tasty crunchy greens, and prioritise fresh fruit and veg as the premium snack options Upscale and diversify the ubiquitous red meat braai by creating equally delicious vegetarian, chicken or fish braai options. Actively reduce your nitrate intake by substituting more yummy, quick and easy plant-based foods for hot dogs, as well as cold and smoked processed meats Tip the scales in favour of fruit and veg at every meal – or at least make sure that half your plate is covered with salads and non-starchy veg. Shifting to more and more plant-based food options is a real investment in your future health. GreenTest your fruit and veg to keep track of your daily nitrate intake Yes, it’s the holidays, but still keep the treats in perspective. It’s okay to enjoy occasional treat food without feeling guilty, after all it’s the holidays and treats abound. Who wants to feel deprived when everyone else is indulging? It’s okay to occasionally enjoy rich or sugary foods; just keep them in balance. Serve yourself smaller portions of your favourite treats and take the time to savour each bite. Mindful eating increases pleasure and satisfaction while keeping you finely attuned to your body’s real needs and comfort zone Walking on sunshine – Daily physical activity goes hand in hand with healthy food choices. The summer holiday provides plenty of opportunity to get up and moving for a minimum of 30 minutes each day. Long, sunshiny days are ideal for family bike rides, hikes and other fun physical activities

February 9, 2019

Listen Up! What’s the big deal with childhood hearing loss?

Hearing is one of the most important senses. Through hearing we learn how to communicate with others, we experience the joy of music, the excitement of laughter, the symphony of nature and the bustling sounds of the city. Hearing also protects us, it alerts us to approaching danger and keeps us connected to the outside world. According to the World Health Organization, about 466 million people have disabling hearing loss, 34 million of these are children. Hearing loss is the most prevalent birth defect and every day 17 babies are born in South Africa with some degree of hearing impairment – half of which have no known risk factors for hearing impairment. In the past, majority of children who were born with congenital hearing loss were only identified at about age 2 when they were not reaching their speech and language milestones. Research has demonstrated that children who are diagnosed with hearing loss and have the appropriate intervention by 6 months of age, will have speech and language milestones comparable to that of a normal hearing child by age three years. What are the causes of hearing loss in children? Congenital Hearing Loss This means that the hearing loss is present at birth. Congenital hearing loss is either caused by genetic or non-genetic factors. Some non-genetic factors include: Birth complications, including the presence of herpes, rubella cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis or another serious infection, lack of oxygen or the requirement of a blood transfusion for some reason. Premature birth. Babies that have a birth weight of less than 1.3 kilograms or that require certain life-sustaining drugs for respiration due to prematurity are at risk for hearing loss. Complications with the Rh factor in the blood A nervous system or brain disorder. The use of ototoxic medication by the mother during pregnancy. Ototoxic medications are not usually illicit substances – medications like various antiobiotics Maternal diabetes. Drug or alcohol abuse by the mother or smoking during pregnancy. Genetic hearing loss means that either the gene for hearing loss was inherited from the parents or that the child presents with a genetic illness commonly associated with hearing loss. Acquired hearing loss A child with acquired hearing loss is not born with a hearing loss but rather acquires the hearing loss due to one of many factors. Factors include: A perforated eardrum Infections like meningitis, measles, mumps or whooping cough Taking ototoxic medications A serious head injury Exposure to loud noise, causing noise-induced hearing loss Untreated or frequent otitis media (ear infections) What signs and symptoms should I look out for in my child? When a child does not turn his/her head towards a sound, especially a loud sound When a child frequently touches or pulls one or both ears When a child reacts to some but not all sounds When a child turns their head upon seeing you, but not when their name is called from outside their field of vision Does my child have difficulty following instructions Does my child ask for instructions to be repeated When a child has delayed speech and language development. If the answer to any of the following is “no”, then your child may have delayed speech and language development: Is my child using single words such as “dada” and “mama” by the age of 1? Is my child using 2-word sentences by the age of 2? Is my child using 3-word sentences by the age of 3? Is my child using understandable 4-5 word sentences by the age of 4? When should I test my child’s hearing? Most private hospitals and some government hospitals have audiologists who assess the babies hearing soon after they are born. Generally, this is an optional service so it is a great idea to opt in for the screening. The audiologists use an OAE (Oto-acoustic emissions) or an AABR (Automated Auditory Brainstem Response) machine. The test generally takes a few minutes and requires no response from your child. The Audiologist will be able to tell you if your child’s hearing is normal or if further testing is required. Even if you don’t feel like your child has a hearing loss it is important to have your child’s hearing tested once a year much like testing their eyesight! What happens if my child has a hearing loss? If your child is diagnosed with a hearing loss the Audiologist will guide you through the process. Depending on the cause, degree and configuration of the hearing impairment, the audiologist will either refer your child for further medical treatment or recommend hearing aids and perhaps a further evaluation for a cochlear implant. Your child will also require intensive speech and language therapy in order to catch up to his/her developmental milestones. The later a child is fitted with amplification the poorer the prognosis is for the child. Early intervention is of the utmost importance, we live in a an incredible time where even children with a profound hearing loss can have access to sound again and become integrated into society with ease. Be sure to contact a qualified Audiologist, if you would like to have your child’s hearing screened.

February 8, 2019

Baby’s Skin Care – What You Need to Know

It is our instinct to nourish and protect our babies. As caring mothers, we would never knowingly expose our precious babies to harmful chemicals and artificial nasties. Yet sadly these ingredients are all too common in many conventional baby toiletries. A baby’s skin is approximately three times thinner than our own skin, which means that any chemicals or irritants your baby is exposed to will absorb into their system faster and increase the risk of adverse reactions and toxicity. The most common chemical nasties Mineral oil Mineral oil is the primary ingredient in conventional baby oil products – Conventional baby oil is essentially made of mineral oil mixed with artificial fragrance, which is a nasty combination. Mineral oil is a cheap by-product of petroleum processing and acts as a “plastic wrap” on the skin, inhibiting the skin’s ability to release toxins. It is also a non-renewable and environmentally unfriendly resource. The best way to go is to treat your baby’s delicate skin with natural plant-based oils, such as our Cherish Baby Massage Oils. All our oils are made with 100% natural ingredients, organic wherever possible, and stored in amber glass bottles (kinder to the environment and will not leach chemicals into the product). Our Baby Massage Oils are made with: *Coconut oil – a superb skin moisturiser and helps to replenish and protect dry, damaged, chapped, cracked and irritated skin Sweet Almond oil – naturally rich in Vitamin E, monounsaturated fatty acids, proteins, potassium and zinc and is excellent for keeping skin soft and supple *Jojoba oil – Improves elasticity and suppleness, helping the skin remain hydrated, moisturised, soft and smooth Vitamin E oil – an excellent antioxidant that protects and repairs skin and guards against free radical damage *indicates organic ingredient We have three variants to choose from – *Lavender, *Mandarin or fragrance-free. Our products are fragranced with 100% natural essential oils, using organic oils wherever possible. Lavender and Mandarin essential oils both offer calming and relaxing properties and are great to use on little ones before bed time. For particularly sensitive babies we offer a fragrance-free version, which contains no essential oils, but still has all the goodness of the other oils. Fragrance Fragrance is added to countless products, either to create a particular smell or to mask the odour of the nasty chemicals used in production. The problem with fragrance is that it’s a catch-all term for whatever secret ingredients companies wish to add (companies are not obligated to reveal what’s included under the term “fragrance” or “parfum”). These ingredients are often coal- and petroleum-derived synthetic chemicals. The effects of fragrance are long lasting, lingering on the skin for hours, and can cause respiratory, neurological, skin, and eye damage. There is evidence that exposure to artificial fragrance chemicals as a child may lead to asthma. Unless the product you’re buying expressly states that the fragrance is derived from natural sources / essential oils, it’s probably not natural, and can have severe harmful side-effects, especially to babies. All Cherish Baby Products are scented using 100% natural essential oils, and we use organic oils wherever available. Parabens Parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, butylparaben, isoparapben, etc.) are a class of synthetic preservatives often used in cosmetics and skincare products to prevent bacterial and fungal growth. Parabens are hormone disruptors and can wreak havoc on oestrogen levels. Parabens are extremely common chemicals and can be found in soaps, body washes, shampoos, and moisturizers, including those marketed toward babies. Parabens are neurotoxins and are linked to skin irritation. It is best to opt for products that do not contain preservatives, such as our Cherish Baby Balm Range Our range of balms are 100% natural and free from petroleum, mineral oil, zinc oxide, phthalates and parabens. Cherish Balms will soothe and hydrate delicate skin and help treat diaper rash, cradle cap and other minor skin irritations. Formulated with specially selected moisturising oils and calming herbs to nurture and protect sensitive skin. Our balms include: *Cocoa butter – forms a protective layer on the skin and locks in moisture Coconut oil – a superb skin moisturiser and helps to replenish and protect dry, damaged, chapped, cracked and irritated skin Sweet Almond oil – naturally rich in Vitamin E, monounsaturated fatty acids, proteins, potassium and zinc and is excellent for keeping skin soft and supple Calendula oil – has antiseptic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions. It helps to speed healing and soothe irritated skin *Jojoba oil – improves elasticity and suppleness, helping the skin remain hydrated, moisturised, soft and smooth Vitamin E oil – an excellent antioxidant that protects and repairs skin and guards against free radical damage *indicates organic ingredient Our Baby Balms come in the same three variants as the Baby Massage Oils and Natural Baby Body Wash, so you can create your own nurturing set! Sodium Lauryl (Laureth) Sulfate Also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, laurilsulfate, SDS or SLS, this ingredient is an economical surfactant that removes oil and is a foaming agent. It is commonly found in shampoo, soap, cleansers, bubble bath, toothpaste, mouthwash, body wash, and most products that foam. It is also found in industrial strength detergents and engine degreasers. It may contain 1,4-dioxane, a known carcinogen, and ethylene oxide, a chemical known to harm your nervous system. SLS has a comedogenic rating of 5, which means it has a high probability of clogging pores – it strips the skin of oils, which can cause the skin to over compensate and produce excessive sebum – not ideal in a skincare product! Our Natural Baby Body Wash range is free from SLS and other harsh chemicals, and has been especially formulated using naturally derived ingredients to be as gentle as possible on baby’s delicate skin. Our Natural Baby Body Washes come in the same three variants – Lavender, Mandarin and fragrance-free. The long-term effects of chemical additives in baby skincare products are not always known. But researchers believe our little ones are at higher risk of

February 7, 2019

How to prepare yourself emotionally for when your child starts eating solids

Eating solids is a huge milestone in the life of your child! It is also a milestone for all moms who have breastfed their little ones up until that point. Letting go of the intimacy of feeding times can be an incredibly difficult journey for a woman. Therefore, know how to cope with this by reading on below now. We have a few suggestions to help you emotionally face the transition from liquids to solids in your little one’s life. Don’t Say Goodbye Just Yet Even though your child should be able to start eating solids from around the four month mark, this doesn’t mean you need to say goodbye to breastfeeding just yet. Luckily, you will be able to still breastfeed for as long as you see fit. Breastfeeding experts suggest you should aim to breastfeed your child for two years. From between four to six months, you will be able to introduce them to a more solid diet but continued breastfeeds are strongly supported. How To Cope When Eating Solids Are Enough For Your Little One Ending a breastfeeding journey can be a mixed bag of emotions. Many women have been known to go through a myriad of emotions in the space of a day! Some of the most common emotions you will experience are as follows: Relief: some moms may experience a sense of relief at the thought of ending their breastfeeding journey. This doesn’t suggest that they loathed the time spent with their child, but rather, that they look forward to enjoying a carefree diet once more! for whatever reason, some women feel a profound sense of relief at the thought, and this should not be belittled. Guilt: in the same right, guilt will rear its ugly head in the emotional trio. Moms will feel guilty for being relieved at the thought of ending this journey. In the same right, some women will feel guilty in that they don’t know if it is the right time for their child. Whichever way you experience it, note that guilt will probably surface during this time. Sadness: naturally, sadness will come into play. Breastfeeding is a hugely emotional and sentimental journey between mother and child. It also plays a huge role in the formative years of a child’s life. Naturally, saying goodbye to this practice will pull on the old heart strings. Putting Your Emotions Into Perspective The best thing to do for yourself is allow yourself to go through the motions of any feeling which pops up during this time. Another wonderful way to ensure you don’t lose any connection to your child is to set time aside daily for skin to skin hugs. Perhaps begin to schedule these in the times you would’ve usually spent breastfeeding. This will ensure you never miss out on the intimacy you shared with your child before.

February 5, 2019

Bad Posture may lead to headaches

There are many different medications, surgeries and interventions to treat headaches, but a new study reveals an effective way to treat primary headaches might be at your fingertips – neck stretching. By performing simple neck stretching exercises that stubborn and painful headache might just disappear. The study, published in Workplace Health and Safety, examined the effects of a neck stretching exercise intervention on nurses’ primary headaches. It used a pretest and posttest two-group design with a total of 60 female staff nurses employed by a medical center in Taiwan. Participants in the experimental group (a total of 30 patients) practiced neck stretching exercises while experiencing headaches. The participants in the control group (the other 30 patients) managed their headaches as they would usually do. According to Dr. Elliot Shevel, Medical Director of The Headache Clinic, and South Africa’s internationally recognized Migraine expert and pioneer in the field of Migraine Surgery, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on headache intensity at baseline, and at 30 minutes and 1 hour after intervention. “Decrease in headache intensity of the experimental group was significantly larger than that of the control group,” says Shevel. “The conclusion was that neck stretching exercises is an effective method for treating primary headaches.” What exercises can you do? By simply doing some physiotherapy exercises at the office or in the comfort of your own home, you can treat your own headaches, says Shevel. The Headache Clinic’s in-house Physiotherapist Urvashi Chiba has put together a short demonstration video with practical advice and exercise demonstration. Please click here. Things to remember when doing neck stretching: Do the neck stretches two to three times per day. Stretches are more effective and comfortable when the muscle is warm. Ideally it can be done in the shower, after a bath or after heating the muscles with a heat pack. Do not pull too hard; a gentle pulling sensation should be felt. The stretch should be gentle and should not cause you pain Take regular breaks from the computer or seated position. Maintain correct seated position in front of your computer or desk. Correct computer posture Maintain correct seated position whilst driving. Correct driving posture Avoid awkward positions, especially for extended periods of time. Common awkward positions Slouching in a chair Sticking your bottom out Standing with a flat back Leaning on one leg Hunched back and ‘text neck’ (from hunching over while texting) Poking your chin by sitting too low in front of your screen Rounded shoulders Cradling your phone between head and shoulder

January 24, 2019

12 Breastfeeding Super Foods

Moms that are breastfeeding must consider which foods they can include in their daily diet. All foods or drinks that are consumed in large quantities can pass through the breast milk to your baby’s system and can as a result have a negative effect on your baby’s health or overall well-being. There are a few helpful tips to consider for milk supply when nursing your infant: Make sure that you include a well-balanced eating plan and consume a variety of foods to provide your baby with different kinds of vitamins, minerals and nutrients that is vital for healthy growth. *Foods that should be avoided or consumed in moderation are:Caffeine, fish, chocolate, parsley, peppermint, alcohol, citrus, dairy, peanuts, gassy vegetables (such as cabbage) and spicy foods. Always be vigilant by watching your baby’s reactions after you’ve eaten certain foods that could have an undesirable effect on your baby. If you are unsure or have any health concerns with regards to certain food items, always check with your pediatrician to be on the safe side. Another great way to promote milk supply is pumping to induce lactation. The best method for increasing milk supply is by stimulating the nipples whether it is by pumping or putting baby to your breast. If you aren’t stimulating the breasts regularly, no supplement or food is going to help you increase your milk supply. When pumping frequently, the aim is to remove more milk from breasts and increasing the frequency of breast emptying. Adding pumping sessions in between or after nursing sessions can be very beneficial when you’re looking to induce lactation, therefore increasing your milk flow and upping your milk supply. Have a look at these 12 breastfeeding superfoods to promote lactation: Oatmeal A good choice for comfort food which is easy to prepare. Oatmeal is a rich source of iron which is vital for Moms that are experiencing post-pregnancy anemia. Oatmeal helps to increase red blood cell count in blood which can lead to increased breast milk production. Another great benefit is stimulating the production of Pitocin which is a key hormone when it comes to producing breast milk. Water Drinking enough water is vital when you are breast feeding. For your body to function properly and to promote milk supply (water forms the basis of breast milk), you must drink enough water to make up for the fluids lost when you’re sweating as well as producing enough milk to quench your baby’s thirst. Green Papaya Women across Asia often consume unripe papaya which is a great galactagogue (food that increases breast milk). Green papaya helps promoting the production of oxytocin which in turn increases milk production. Garlic One of the best food choices for increasing milk supply in breastfeeding mothers is garlic. A great way to add an extra layer of flavouring to your dishes plus garlic has an array of health benefits, including providing relief for babies suffering from colic. Drinking garlic pills is a great option for ladies that don’t enjoy the after taste of garlic. These pills provide the same benefits as garlic without the lingering after taste. Fennel Fennel has similar properties as estrogen, therefore fennel or fennel seeds are ideal for promoting lactation. Another great option is making use of fennel essential oil, but it’s important to keep in mind that long-term use can affect the urinary tract, therefore it’s best to use it for up to seven to ten days at a time and no more. Fenugreek seeds Fenugreek is one of the most popular and safest herbs used for milk supply since biblical times, as it stimulates the secretion of human growth hormone. It can be boiled in tea or you can buy them in capsule form. Many cultures also use Fenugreek as a herb or spice in food to treat medical conditions. Other benefits include, slowing the digestive tract as well as stabilizing blood sugar levels. Nuts Almonds, cashews and macadamia nuts contain monounsaturated fats which increase the richness of your milk. They need to be eaten raw (not roasted and salted) and you can enjoy up to three servings a day. Grains or Legumes Brown rice, lentils, millet and barley are excellent examples of grains or legumes that promote milk supply as well as stabilizing blood sugar levels. Spinach Spinach is a great source of calcium, iron, Vitamin K, A and folic acid. Folic acid is vital for women who are breastfeeding. Dark leafy greens contain phytoestrogens which promote lactation and breast tissue health. But to avoid any food-borne illness, make sure you boil it before consumption. You can also add it to salads but ensure that you’ve rinse it properly beforehand. Carrots Carrots are rich in Vitamin A which is great for assisting with baby’s growth and they are also believed to assist with lactation. Sesame seeds Not only are they delicious, but they are high in calcium and polyunsaturated fat, making them a very nutritious choice. They are also known as lactogenic food which means they help to increase breast milk production. Asparagus Asparagus is one of the must-have food items for nursing mothers because it is rich in fibre, high in Vitamin A and K and helps stimulating the hormones that are essential for nursing moms when it comes to lactation. Conclusion: Every lactating Mom who is breastfeeding, will have questions about what to eat and what to avoid when producing and providing the necessary quantity of breast milk that is also nutritious. Certain food items, known as galactagogue specifically assist with lactation, boost milk production and provide essential vitamins, minerals and nutrients to your baby when nursing. Remember to stay hydrated and ensure that you are taking in enough fluids when breastfeeding. Now that you know which foods can promote lactation and increase the production of milk supply, you can add them to your daily diet and provide your baby with the best possible breast milk that he/she needs to stay healthy and have a full tummy. Read Also:

January 21, 2019

Summer fun without the headache

Summer is the season most South Africans look forward to for its long, lazy weekends and holidays full of braais, swimming, sports, and picnics. Relaxing in the sun are highpoints in the year for most of us. However, mixed with some tension and frustrations and the mix of breaking your routine, eating and drinking differently, staying up late and having too much sun can all lead to headaches. According to a study published in Neurology the official journal of the European Neurological Society, your headache risk jumps 8% each time the temperature climbs nine degrees. Heat may make the blood vessels in your skull expand and press up against surrounding nerve endings, creating a very sensitive situation. As a result, even normal blood flow can feel like a jackhammer drilling through your cranium, says Dr Elliot Shevel, South Africa’s pioneer in the field of migraine surgery and the medical director of The Headache Clinic. Headaches are people’s number one physical woe, but you don’t have to live with the pain. You can stop the throbbing and get back to the beach. Eat healthy meals Eat balanced meals three times a day with healthy snacks in between to make sure your body gets the nutrients and energy it needs. Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) can also trigger headaches in many people. If a meal with high sugar content is eaten, it can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar levels followed by a fast drop that may trigger a headache. Eating a meal with low sugar content may prevent the onset of a headache during the day. Call us on 011 484 0933 for a list of foods which have a low glycemic index. Remember that skipping meals is a sure-fire trigger for headaches. Eat in moderation and enjoy your meals. Beware of too much sun It’s not only the heat, but bright sunlight will often also trigger headaches. Many headache and migraine sufferers are sensitive to bright light and they should avoid it when they have a headache. It is wise to wear sunglasses for protection. Polarized lenses are recommended, as they are effective in cutting out glare. A suitable hat may also be helpful. Get enough sleep A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, tested 32 women with tension-type headache. The investigators studied self-report data on headache triggers, pain interference with sleep, and self-management strategies for pain. 81% reported that going to sleep was the most frequently used self-management strategy, and this group also rated going to sleep as the most effective strategy. So don’t lose out on sleep this winter. Fatigue is a major trigger of headaches as well, aim to sleep seven or eight hours a night. Stay active Taking part in physical activities are not only great fun, but also an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Take up some form of everyday physical activity that will help you stay healthy. Learn the right stretching exercises to stretch the muscles of the head, face, neck and jaw. Stretching should be gentle and soothing, not agonizingly painful. For a free copy of exercises, contact The Headache Clinic on 011 484 093. These exercises will help you to stretch the neck and jaw muscles carefully and will give results. Steer clear of stress Summer can be a very stressful time for most, thanks to large family gatherings over the festive season and stress is a major headache trigger. The research conducted by the World Health Organization has shown that 80 % of headaches are caused by muscle tension, which is triggered by stress. Headache and migraine sufferers should try plan ahead of time for big family get-togethers and holidays to avoid tension headaches. Try to avoid last minute gift shopping, ensure your car is serviced before travelling, delegate chores to family members, and make travel reservations well in advance. Keep your fluid intake up The human brain is more than 75% water, and it is very sensitive to the amount of water available to it. When the brain detects that the water supply is too low, it begins to produce histamines. This is essentially a process of water rationing and conservation, in order to safeguard the brain in case the water shortage continues for a long period of time. The histamines directly cause pain and fatigue, in other words a headache and the low energy that usually accompanies it. It is best to drink plain water, as many carbonated soft drinks contain substances that can also trigger headaches. Substances that headache sufferers should avoid include common ingredients in soft drinks such as caffeine. When to see a doctor It is crucial that if your headaches persist, you should get to the root of the problem. The longer the headache persists, the more damage will be done to the underlying structures. A “multidisciplinary” assessment will need to be done. There are so many different structures in the head, face and neck, all of which can be involved in the migraine process, that no single specialist can have all the knowledge necessary to make a comprehensive assessment and diagnosis. Which structures are causing the pain and generating the pain signals is the million dollar question. For those patients who want to have healthier alternatives to medication, there are a number of non-drug breakthrough treatment options. These include bloodless “surgery”, minimally evasive arterial surgery, posture modifying technologies, Botox and trigger point therapy to name but a few. In most cases it is possible to get to the bottom of the problem and resolve the pain permanently.

January 17, 2019

Understanding the effect of alcoholism on children

An Open Letter To My Teacher Dear Teacher, I think it’s time I told you why I have been acting out at school and crying sometimes. I think you know that something is wrong, because you keep asking me, “What’s the matter?” The reason I haven’t told you before is that I can’t talk to you in the hallway with all the other kids staring at me—and until now, I didn’t feel like I could talk to anybody about it. I’m worried about my schoolwork. I keep getting in trouble for not doing my homework, and not listening in class. Sometimes I am so scared that I just get mad at everybody. I don’t mean to yell. I just feel like everyone is picking on me at home and at school. You see, my dad has a drinking problem. It’s called “alcoholism.” It means that he can’t control his drinking. He comes home some nights really drunk and yells at all of us. Then Mom yells back at him for being drunk and spending all the money. Sometimes he hits her, or my sister and me for no reason, just because he is drunk. Sometimes my sister and I are so scared that we hide in our room. I used to hate my mom and dad for all that – Mom for yelling at Dad and making him even madder, and Dad for his drinking. I don’t hate them anymore because I found out why they were like that. One day a lady came and talked to my mom, and I listened, too. She was the one who explained to us what alcoholism is. I learned that my dad was not horrible, just sick. He has a disease called alcoholism. She told us that when there is someone in the house with a drinking problem, the whole family gets hurt by it. She also told my mom about Al-Anon. That is where families and friends of problem drinkers go to understand the disease of alcoholism and how they can stop being so scared and mad all the time. Now Mom goes to Al-Anon. It works, too. Mom doesn’t scream at Dad or us as much anymore. I go to Alateen, that’s for kids affected by someone else’s drinking. Sometimes we have friends that drink too. Now I understand, and it feels good not to be the only one with my kind of problem. I think that teachers should know about alcoholism, because then they would understand kids like me. If you know of any kids who might have a problem with a drinking parent or a drinking friend, you could tell them where they can get help. It really helped me. Your Student ____________________________ For nearly 70 years, Al-Anon Family Groups, globally, has helped the families who live with the disease of alcoholism. The disease of alcoholism in a family member or friend affects children and teenagers in many ways that impact on their behaviour and ultimately, their school work. Frequently, students and educators do not realise that a relationship with an alcoholic could be a factor in poor performance, disruptive behaviour and other problems. Alateen helps young people understand how alcoholism affects the lives of all who are associated with a problem drinker. It especially effective for children in the Teens & Teens age group Alateen in South Africa We have learned that learners are very cautious about attending Alateen meetings at their schools. In some areas Alateen meetings are held in the evenings in a nearby church hall, community centre or somewhere secure. Parents/guardians must give written permission for Alateen attendance. Alateen South Africa has groups across the country. A list of Alateen meetings may be found on our websites: http://www.alanon.org.za/meetings/ http://www.alanongauteng.co.za/ Teen Corner (Alateen) [email protected] — 24 hr Helpline – 0861 25 66 66 Literature & more information is available. Just call us.

January 16, 2019

Preparation tips for parents on back to school headaches

It’s back to school time again. Parents know this time of year all too well. There are school clothes and supplies to be purchased, class and bus schedules to review, and seemingly countless other details to deal with. For children who get headaches, this time of year means anxiety, stress, and chronic head pain. The research conducted by the World Health Organization has shown that 80 % of headaches are caused by muscle tension, which is triggered by stress. “In order to start the school year off right, you need to have a headache strategy” says Dr Elliot Shevel, South Africa’s pioneer in the field of migraine surgery and the medical director of The Headache Clinic. He advises parents to take note of the following: Install a blue light filter on devices If your child uses a computer, tablet or mobile phone for many of their school activities and leisure, installing a blue light filter on each device is recommended to reduce muscle stress of the eyes which contributes to headaches and migraines. Blue light filters also block out the light that contributes to insomnia and poor sleeping. Lack of sleep is also a trigger for headaches and migraines so every member of the family should have blue light filters on their devices too. Choosing the correct backpack/ posture related headache Choosing a backpack with wide, padded shoulder straps and padded back. Pack light and organize the backpack to use all of its compartments. Pack heavier items closest to the center of the back. The backpack should never weigh more than 10 to 20 percent of your child’s body weight. Always use both shoulder straps as slinging a backpack over one shoulder can strain muscles and lead to muscle tension headache. Consider a rolling backpack; this type of backpack may be a good choice for students who must tote a heavy load. Remember that rolling backpacks still must be carried up stairs. Nutritional lunch boxes/ dietary related headache Nutritious home packed lunches start in the supermarket; use the nutritional facts label to help choose healthy foods. Compare nutrient levels for similar foods. Select those lower in fat, sodium and sugar. Dietary headache is a common affliction. These are usually triggered by foods that assist with energy such as chocolate. Instead of giving your child a chocolate as a sweet treat rather include a fruit. Fruits make a sweet and nutritious contribution to lunch. They are generally rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, fiber and water. Take note of which foods trigger headaches for your child by keeping a diary and avoid these foods. A Dietary Trigger Diary is available on this link free of charge to assist you. Remember to remind your child to eat their lunch as skipping meals is a surefire trigger for headaches. Teach them to eat in moderation and enjoy their meals. Ponytails, braids, weaves, tight hats or headbands The scalps of headache sufferers are far more sensitive than people who are not susceptible so be mindful of your child’s hairstyle to ensure that it is not contributing to their headache pain. Pulling hair tight can often cause discomfort but this will be relieved as soon as the pull on the hair is relaxed or released. Remember to pack a fruit juice/ dehydration headache Dehydration is a common trigger, adequate intake of fluid throughout the day to prevent headaches. Select 100% fruit juice, not just any soda drinks. Soda drinks contain mostly caffeine and sugar and are low in nutrients. Caffeine has been known to trigger headaches in children and it is also highly addictive. A better choice is 100% fruit juice or water. First day stress headache Having your child feel anxious and stressed on the first day is a surefire way to trigger a headache. Remind your child that he/she is not the only student who is a bit uneasy about the first day of school. Teachers also know that students are anxious and will make an effort to make sure everyone feels as comfortable as possible. Point out the positive aspect of school, such as it being fun and them getting a chance to make new friends. If you feel it appropriate, drive your child to school and pick them up after on the first day. Taking part in sports/ stretching exercises Parent should encourage their children to take part in physical activities at school as these are not only great fun, but also an important part of playing and learning. It is also vital for healthy growth and development. Persuading those children who don’t enjoy organized sport to take up some other form of everyday physical activity will help them stay healthy. Teach your children the right stretching exercises to stretch the muscles of the head, face, neck and jaw. Stretching should be gentle and soothing, not agonizingly painful. Get your children to stretch their neck and jaw muscles carefully and this will give results. For a free copy of the exercises, contact The Headache Clinic on 011 484 0933. These will help them to stretch the neck and jaw muscles carefully, this will give results. When to consult a medical professional If your child’s headache persists, it is imperative that you undergo a multidisciplinary investigation to diagnose the specific factors behind the recurring headache. There are a number of healthier treatment options to medication available right here in South Africa. It is possible to get to the bottom of the problem and resolve the pain permanently without medication so that your child can enjoy the quality of life they deserve. For more information go to www.theheadacheclinic.net alternatively contact The Headache Clinic hotline on 011 484 0933.

January 11, 2019

Is my child talking the talk?

Learning to communicate effectively is a complicated process, involving multiple skills that develop concurrently. A child’s speech and language skills develop as they grow from infancy to school age. This development should follow suggested timelines and patterns. When it doesn’t, this can be a worry for parents and is cause for a professional evaluation by a speech-language pathologist. Often, these difficulties can be treated with speech and/or language therapy. Normal speech might seem effortless, but it’s actually a complex process that needs precise timing, and nerve and muscle control. When we speak, we must coordinate many muscles from various body parts and systems, including the larynx, which contains the vocal cords; the teeth, lips, tongue, and mouth; and the respiratory system. The ability to understand language and produce speech is coordinated by the brain. A number of events must occur for us to speak. The brain MUST: Want to communicate an idea to someone else Send the idea to the mouth Tell the mouth which words to say and which sounds make up those words Incorporate patterns and accented syllables (to avoid sounding like a robot) Send the signals to the muscles that control the tongue, lips, and jaw Language is what we speak, write, read, and understand. Language is also communicating through gestures (body language or sign language). There are two distinct areas of language: receptive (what we hear and understand from others’ speech or gestures) and expressive (the words we use to create messages others will understand). In order for children to begin using and understanding spoken language, they must: Hear well enough to distinguish one word from another Have someone model what words mean and how to put sentences together Hear intonation patterns, accents, and sentence patterns Have the intellectual capability to process what words and sentences mean, store the information, and recall words and sentences heard previously when communicating an idea to someone else Have the physical capability to speak in order for others to hear and understand the words they are saying Have a social need and interest in using words to communicate with others Have another person to positively reinforce their attempts at communication Language Disorders483 AGE RED FLAG Birth & Up • does not smile/interact with others 4 – 7 months • does not babble (“bababa”) 7 – 12 months • very few sounds or gestures (pointing) 7 months – 2 years • poor comprehension of what others say 1 1/2 – 2 years • speech is difficult for listeners to understand 1 1/2 – 3 years • does not combine words into sentences 2 – 3 years • difficulty talking to and playing with peers 2 1/2 – 3 years • difficulty with early literacy and writing skills Speech Sound Disorders AGE RED FLAG 1 – 2 years • incorrect production of early sounds /p,b,m,h,w/ in words 2 – 3 years • incorrect production of /k,g,f,t,d,n/ in words 2 – 3 years • speech is unclear, even to familiar listeners Stuttering Disorders AGE RED FLAG 2 1/2 – 3 years • difficulty producing sounds or words 2 1/2 – 3 years • repeats the first sound of words (b-b-b-baby for “baby”) 2 1/2 – 3 years • frequent pauses of silence when talking 2 1/2 – 3 years • stretching sounds out while talking (sssss-silly for “silly”) Voice Disorders AGE RED FLAG any age • hoarse- or breathy-sounding voice any age • nasal quality to voice Hearing Problems AGE RED FLAG birth – 1 year • poor attention to sounds in the environment 7 months – 1 year • does not respond when name is called 1 – 2 years • difficulty following simple directions birth – 3 years • delays in speech and/or language development any age • scratching or pulling at ears school-age • limited academic progress, especially math and/or reading school-age • social isolation and unhappiness at school school-age • discomfort in ears after exposure to loud noise Encouraging good communication Parents play the most important role in building communication skills in their children. Children develop communication habits by the way they see parents interacting with others. Parents who listen and speak with patience, interest, and attention prove to be the best teachers of listening and give their children the greatest audience in the world. Listening Skills Listening is a learned skill and an essential part of the communication exchange with your child. It is important to model good listening skills when your child is communicating via verbal messages (questions, requests) or nonverbal ones (actions or non-actions). You will be setting a good example for your children, and help them to become active listeners. Active listening is the central component of communication. When parents are active listeners, other people may describe them as having good intuition and as being “tuned in” to their children. The process of active listening will help your child understand feelings and be less afraid of the negative ones. It will also allow them the opportunity to talk about and solve their own problems as well as gain more control over behaviour and emotions. To become an active listener: Set aside time to listen and block out distractions as much as possible. Encourage your child to talk directly to you so you may model the habits of good listening. Some parents and children find they can communicate best just before bedtime or when they share an evening snack. Maintain eye contact while your child talks. When your child speaks to you, show that you are genuinely interested in their thoughts and feelings. Listen to, summarise, and repeat back to your child the message you are hearing. Watch for your child’s nonverbal cues including facial expressions, posture, energy level, or changes in behaviour patterns. The underlying messages may include the feelings, fears, and concerns of your child such as being scared… sad…angry…happy. Accept and show respect for what your child is expressing, even if it does not coincide with your

December 18, 2018

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cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy	11 months	The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.

Cookie	Duration	Description
_ga	2 years	This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors.
_gid	1 day	This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form.

Cookie	Duration	Description
_gat_gtag_UA_18530557_4	1 minute	No description
pron_ip	session	No description
pvc_visits[0]	1 day	This cookie is created by post-views-counter. This cookie is used to count the number of visits to a post. It also helps in preventing repeat views of a post by a visitor.
tk_ai	session	Gathers information for WordPress by themselves, first party analytics tool about how WP services are used. A collection of internal metrics for user activity, used to improve user experience.