Health - Parenting Hub

Expert Advice from Bonitas Medical Fund

Key facts about Cholera

South Africa had recorded at least 46 suspected cholera cases in the first month of 2024. According to the Minister of Health, three of these cases were due to cross-border travel. With these outbreaks making headline news, Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund has put together eight key facts about cholera. Researchers have estimated that each year there are around 1.3 to 4.0 million reported cases of cholera, resulting in between 21 000 to 143 000 deaths. However, general consensus is that this is under-estimated because of low reporting and limited laboratory services. What is Cholera? Cholera is an acute diarrhoea disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It can either be mild or without symptoms or severe and life-threatening if left untreated. Who is at risk? The highest at-risk populations are more often in underdeveloped countries where poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene practices contribute to its spread, especially in areas with limited access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities. Cholera can be endemic or epidemic. A cholera-endemic area is where confirmed cholera cases were detected but not brought in from somewhere else. A cholera outbreak/epidemic can occur in both endemic countries and in countries where cholera does not regularly occur. How is it spread? It is primarily spread through contaminated water and food. Ingesting water or food contaminated with faeces containing the bacterium can lead to infection. It is not likely that cholera is spread directly from one person to another. What are the symptoms? The symptoms of cholera typically include profuse watery diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration. In severe cases, rapid fluid loss can lead to electrolyte imbalances, muscle cramps and shock. Without prompt treatment, severe dehydration can be fatal within hours. How long before you show symptoms? It takes between 12 hours and 5 days for a person to show symptoms – which could include acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. How serious is it? According to the World Health Organization (WHO) only around 25% of infected persons become symptomatic. Of these, 10 – 20% experience severe disease. How do you treat Cholera? Cholera can be effectively treated with rehydration therapy, which involves replacing lost fluids and electrolytes. This can be orally – in non-severe cases – or via intravenous fluids for more severe cases. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to shorten the duration of illness and reduce the severity of symptoms. Immediate treatment in an outbreak is essential which is not always the case in poverty -stricken areas. Can you prevent Cholera? Yes, you can, it involves improving sanitation and hygiene practices, ensuring access to clean water, and promoting proper food handling and preparation. Measures such as boiling, filtering or treating water with chlorine tablets can help reduce the risk of contamination. Additionally, practising good hand hygiene, especially before eating or preparing food, can help prevent the spread of the disease. A global strategy on cholera control was launched in 2017: ‘Ending cholera: a global roadmap to 2030’, had a target to reduce cholera deaths by 90% as well as timely access to healthcare services during outbreaks. Remember, your GP should be your first port of call for all your healthcare needs. Bonitas believes there needs to be coordination of care and encourages you to see your GP who can refer you to a specialist or auxiliary provider as and if the need arises.

February 28, 2024

Talking about HPV and cervical cancer

The theme for 2024 Cervical Cancer Awareness is, ‘Learn. Prevent. Screen.’ South Africa has a high rate of cervical cancer which has been attributed to the fact that not enough women are screened regularly. Screening can detect early changes in the cervix, which can be treated and may save your life. Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund, gives the low down on cervical cancer – caused by persistent infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), why it is essential to screen for the virus and the development of a vaccine to help prevent it. Why a vaccine against HPV? HPV infects the cells of the cervix and, in some cases, the virus can persist – leading to abnormal changes in the cells that may eventually become cancerous. Over 99% of all cervical cancers are caused by persistent infection of high-risk types of HPV, including HPV-16 and HPV-18. ‘For this reason, we have expanded our preventative care benefits to include the HPV vaccine across all plans, to help prevent cervical cancers,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘As recommended by The World Health Organization (WHO), this is 2 doses for females aged 9 to 14 years and 3 doses for females aged 15 to 26 years per lifetime’. Screening for HPV and cervical cancer Screening is also essential to mitigate the risk of developing cervical cancer. Screening aims to identify cervical cell changes and detect early cervical cancers before they cause symptoms. Two screening tests help with detection: Pap test (Pap Smear) Cervical cancer is usually a slow-growing cancer that may not have immediate symptoms but can be found with regular pap smear tests (a procedure in which cells are scraped from the cervix and looked at under a microscope). The test looks for cell changes (pre-cancers) in the cervix that may progress to cancer if not treated. HPV test Looks for the virus, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18 that cause 90% of cervical cancers. It is recommended that between the ages of 21 and 65, women should have a pap smear every two years and, from the age of 30 onwards, a pap smear and HPV test can be done every 5 years. Signs and symptoms The symptoms of the HPV virus can include: Lesions on the genital area as well as darker lesions on other parts of the body, to painful bumps on your upper limbs and skin growths on the balls of the feet and heels. Staging of cervical cancer Just like other cancers, cervical cancer is graded according to the severity. From in situ, which means it hasn’t spread to nearby tissue, through stage one: It’s still in the original organ and is small. If it progresses it spreads to the surrounding lymph nodes and, in the most severe form, the cancer has metastasized to surrounding tissues and other lymph nodes. As cervical cancer develops, the following may occur: Abnormal bleeding, for example bleeding after sex Pelvic pain unrelated to the menstrual cycle Heavy or unusual discharge Increased urinary frequency Pain during urination ‘Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women after breast cancer,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘Yet it has a good chance of being cured, if diagnosed at an early stage and treated promptly. Which is why, it’s important to have regular pap smears to detect any changes in the cervix and to vaccinate young girls to protect them against possible HPV infection.’

February 26, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week seven of your pregnancy

By now you probably know that you’re pregnant, but some moms only find out during this week or later. Even if you haven’t started looking outwardly pregnant, there is a good chance you’re definitely feeling it, with the likes of fatigue and morning sickness. Your baby is going rapidly day-to-day, with continued brain and body development for the next 33 weeks. Where your body is at This week you’ll likely be feeling some or all of the symptoms generally experienced during the first trimester of pregnancy. It’s important throughout your pregnancy that you maintain a healthy lifestyle, even if doing so feels tough at times. Eating the correct foods and taking prenatal vitamins will ensure that your baby gets the correct nutrients from you. It is important to remember that during pregnancy your needs will change, so you should keep this in mind when tailoring your diet. Miscarriage and ectopic pregnancies are both serious complications that can happen during early pregnancy. Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of the foetus before week 20, unfortunately, this is not reversible and is usually due to abnormal development. Ectopic pregnancy often shows around 7 weeks and is when the fertilised egg implants outside of the uterus. Unfortunately, neither complication can be reversed, and losing a baby early in pregnancy is likely to be very traumatic for the mom-to-be and family. It’s important that you seek medical and psychological support if you are struggling post ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage. What your baby is doing Your baby is now the size of a blueberry but is shaped more like a tadpole than a human, however, their tail is getting smaller and will soon disappear. At this point, your baby has continued to develop limbs, facial features, spinal cord and lungs, heart and kidney.

February 19, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week six of your pregnancy

Week 6 of your pregnancy At week 6 of your pregnancy you’ll most likely know that you’re pregnant now, although some mom’s realise as quickly as 3 weeks or as late as 12. Every week your body is changing to accommodate for your growing little one. Your body at 6 weeks 6 weeks in and you may be experiencing a range of pregnancy hormones. One of the most common and challenging first trimester pregnancy symptoms is morning sickness, although these waves of nausea can strike at any time. It is important to eat bland foods little and often. Even though this nausea may be uncomfortable to deal with, it’s nothing to worry about unless you can’t keep any food down throughout the day. Fatigue is another unpleasant aspect of pregnancy that you may have started experiencing in your first trimester. Napping often, letting others take over some of your chores and work, as well as keeping hydrated are ways in which you can help yourself. Your pregnancy fatigue may be worse during your first and third trimesters. Exercise and a healthy diet are also important (at this point and throughout your pregnancy) and you’ll probably be able to do most of the exercise you’re used to – just stay away from anything heated (such as heated yoga) or high risk. Your baby at 6 weeks Your baby is now the size of a pea, still tiny enough that you won’t be able to spot a tell-tale pregnancy bump. Your uterus has begun expanding to accommodate your new baby, and may have started pressing down on your bladder (que the frequent urge to use the bathroom). Inside you, your baby is starting to look more like a little human, and her eyes, nose, ears as well as limbs have started slowly forming. Liver, kidneys and lungs are also starting to take shape.

February 12, 2024

10 ways to manage your medical expenses

‘As you begin 2024 with a clean slate in terms of medical aid benefits, it’s a good time to look at ways to manage medical expenses,’ says Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer of Bonitas Medical Fund. Here are 10 tips to empower yourself in managing medical expenses. Designated Service Providers (DSPs) and networks Healthcare costs in South Africa are generally unregulated which means providers are free to charge any tariff. ‘Using DSPs and hospital networks means that favourable tariffs for members have been negotiated,’ explains Callakoppen. ‘Using networks also means you can reduce or eliminate co-payments.’ Tariffs and rates of payments The Scheme Rate is the amount a scheme will pay for specific treatments and procedures. However, 100% of the scheme rate doesn’t necessarily mean 100% of the account will be paid. Ask for a quote from your practitioner and/or hospital ahead of any procedure. If there is a major discrepancy, try and negotiate an adjusted fee. The value-add benefits Make use of the free wellness screening and testing offered by your medical aid. There has been an intensified drive to detect, prevent or manage various chronic conditions as well as vaccinate against potential diseases and conditions. ‘After completing an online wellness questionnaire or a wellness screening, you are able to access the ‘Benefit Booster’ providing access of up to R5 000 in additional funds to use for out-of-hospital expenses.’ The Bonitas ‘Be Better Benefit’ includes an annual wellness screening, per beneficiary, to check blood pressure, blood glucose, BMI and cholesterol. It’s about being on the right path to good health and wellness. Other benefits include Flu vaccines, HIV tests, lipograms, mammograms, prostate screening, pap smears, pneumococcal vaccines, whooping cough boosters, HPV vaccines, stool tests for colon cancer, dental fissure sealants, online hearing screenings and contraceptives. Ask your pharmacists Ask your pharmacists for over-the-counter medications for less serious illnesses. Pharmacists are able to provide sound medical advice about problems like rashes, colds or illnesses that are not severe. Also use generic medications where possible. A generic’s active ingredient or drug content is identical but is between 30% and 80% cheaper. Managed Care The prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) has been increasing year-on-year, so have mental health issues, which is a risk factor for NCDs and vice versa. For this reason, it is important to make full use the Care programmes your medical aid offers. ‘At Bonitas we offer support for NCDs through a range of Care programmes including Audiology, HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes, mental health, back and neck, hip and knee replacements as well as hospital-at-home.’ Remember to pre-authorise Pre-authorisation is required for all hospital admissions, out-of-hospital screenings and procedures. Always ask if there are any co-payments or sub-limits that will apply and how to avoid these. For planned procedures, make sure you use a DSP or check whether the procedure can be in the doctor’s rooms or a day clinic. Be aware of consulting after hours Be careful about using after-hours consultations or emergency rooms unless it’s absolutely necessary. In a bona fide medical emergency, one has no choice and this usually results in admission to hospital. Manage your chronic medicine correctly The golden rule for chronic illness benefits is to try to use the medication on the scheme’s formulary and to obtain this from a specified pharmacy, either on the network or a DSP. PMBs Make sure you understand what is covered under Prescribed Minimum Benefits (PMBs) and to use a DSP to ensure that claims are paid from risk, not from your medical savings account. Gap Cover Gap Cover is designed to cover the difference or part of the difference between what the medical scheme pays and the service provider charges for in-hospital procedures/treatment and specified outpatient procedures. Ensuring you ‘work smarter’ with the benefits and medical expenses during the year, is a win-win situation for your health and pocket.

February 7, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week five of your pregnancy

Week five of your pregnancy is the week that many women find out that they are pregnant. You’ll notice the skipped period and your pregnancy test will come out positive, you’ll also start to notice some pregnancy symptoms if you hadn’t already. Your body at 5 weeks pregnant This week you’ll notice pregnancy symptoms, and this is just the beginning of a huge number of changes you’ll feel taking place in your body. At this point your pregnancy hormones will probably be affecting you, making you feel nauseous, your breasts tender. You could also be experiencing spotting and cramping, as well as frequent urination and cravings. The pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), is responsible for many of these changes, and this hormone is why your test shows up positive. Not only will your body physically change, but you’ll probably be dealing with mental changes as well. No only can your changing hormones cause your moods to fluctuate, but finding out you’re pregnant can also be an emotional experience. Remember any emotions are valid, even if you’re feeling overwhelmed and confused, as opposed to excited. If you’re struggling it’s important to reach out to those around you or seek professional help. Your baby at 5 weeks pregnant Your baby is now roughly the size of orange or apple seed and her tiny face is already starting to form, even though she looks more like a tadpole than a human. During this time your baby’s neural tube is developing – this will become their spine and brain – which is why folic acid is so important at this point. Folic acid taken daily reduces the risk of spinal tube defects. By 5 weeks your little one’s heart will have also started beating. If your pregnancy is healthy, you won’t be having an ultrasound before 8 or 9 weeks of pregnancy, so it’ll be a few more weeks before you get to see your baby.

February 5, 2024

Advice from the experts

Load shedding – healthcare and chronic meds

Load shedding in South Africa has significant effects on both private and public healthcare. These are far-reaching and can have severe consequences for patients, medical facilities and healthcare professionals. So just what is the impact of load shedding on healthcare in South Africa? In the realm of healthcare, load shedding exacerbates the existing challenges faced by hospitals and clinics. Load shedding further strains infrastructure and compounds existing shortages, compromising patient care. New regulations allow larger public hospitals exemption from load shedding however, Eskom has warned that it would be technically impossible to isolate and exclude most healthcare facilities from load shedding. Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, Clinical Executive of Bonitas Medical Fund says, ‘prolonged or frequent loss of basic services, including the lack of electricity, has been shown to have financial, psychological and physical implications.’ The importance of private healthcare was highlighted during the Covid-19 pandemic. ‘Medical aid changed from being a grudge purchase to an absolute necessity and, once again, this is being reinforced by the electricity crisis and load shedding,’ says Dr Mkhatshwa. ‘Apart from having access to private hospitals, which are predominately well equipped with generator banks and/or inverters, medical aids take every precaution to ensure other services are available at optimum levels and the highest quality.’ He says, ‘To ensure the delivery of cost-effective healthcare, we have a network of hospitals and clinicians with whom we have negotiated favourable rates to minimise co-payments for our members. All of these hospitals and clinician practices have put effective contingency plans in place to ensure they are able to generate sufficient back-up power for uninterrupted patient care.’ Provision of pharmaceuticals These include vaccines, insulin and certain antibiotics, which are sensitive to temperature fluctuations and require refrigeration/strict maintenance of the cold chain. During power outages, the lack of electricity can compromise the integrity and efficacy of these medications, rendering them ineffective or potentially harmful. This does not only pose a risk to patient health but also leads to financial losses as medications and vaccines may need to be discarded, due to compromised storage conditions. He says the provision of chronic medications is essential to ensure members are able to adhere to their medicine regime. The Fund ensures their Designated Service Providers are proactive in developing contingency plans to ensure an uninterrupted medicine supply to its members. This includes having generators and backups, double dispensing of medication to ensure chronic medication deliveries are doubled up and developing communication tools to inform and educate members about medication supply. ‘More than 80% of South Africans are reliant on public healthcare services at the approximately 420 state-run hospitals and more than 3 000 state-run clinics. While private facilities, secondary- and tertiary-level public hospitals appear to be well equipped with generator banks, smaller healthcare facilities including primary healthcare clinics, are often left in the dark,’ says Dr Mkhatshwa. ‘The cost of alternative sources of power can be substantial, with a private hospital group recently reporting an average monthly expenditure of R800k to run its generators. ‘The situation is not only unsustainable but is also putting the healthcare of our citizens at risk and, once again, it is the most vulnerable who are compromised the most.’ The original study by the University of the Witwatersrand’s Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences in 2019. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742019001200003

July 12, 2023

HOW LONG DOES A COLD LAST?

According to Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, the common cold, a prevalent respiratory illness, affects millions worldwide each year. “The common cold can be a disruptive and uncomfortable illness, but it’s crucial to remember that it is usually a self-limiting condition,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “By practising good hygiene, getting adequate rest, and using appropriate symptom-relieving measures, individuals can help minimise the impact of the cold on their daily lives.” What is a Cold? A cold, also referred to as an upper respiratory tract infection, is an illness caused by several different viruses. The most common type of virus responsible for colds is rhinovirus. However, other viruses, such as coronavirus and adenovirus, can also contribute to cold symptoms. When a person contracts a cold virus, it primarily affects the nose and throat, causing inflammation and irritation. The typical cold symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, mild headache, and sometimes low-grade fever. These symptoms usually develop one to three days after exposure to the virus and can last for about a week. Colds are highly contagious and can quickly spread from person to person. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets released when an infected individual coughs, sneezes or talks. These droplets can be inhaled by people nearby, leading to infection. Additionally, the virus can spread indirectly by touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus and then touching the face, mouth, or nose. “It’s important to note that the common cold is different from the flu, which is caused by the influenza virus and typically presents with more severe symptoms,” adds Hewlett. “If you have concerns about your symptoms or if they worsen, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.” Prevalence in South Africa and Worldwide The common cold is a global health concern, and South Africa is no exception. The prevalence of colds in South Africa mirrors that of other countries, with a significant number of cases reported annually. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adults can expect to experience two to four colds annually, while children may experience even more. These figures highlight the widespread nature of the common cold and its impact on individuals of all ages. Duration Although cold symptoms can vary from person to person, they typically resolve within seven to 10 days. However, it is essential to note that certain factors, such as a weakened immune system or underlying health conditions, can prolong the duration of the illness. Treatment Options Unfortunately, there is no cure for the common cold, as viral infections cause it. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections and should not be used to treat colds unless a secondary bacterial infection is present. However, several management strategies can help alleviate symptoms and promote recovery. These include: Rest: Getting plenty of rest allows the body to divert energy towards fighting the infection. Hydration: Staying well-hydrated helps thin mucus secretions and prevents dehydration. Over-the-counter medications: Non-prescription cold remedies, such as decongestants and pain relievers, can temporarily relieve symptoms like congestion and sore throat. It is necessary to carefully follow the instructions and consult a healthcare professional if in doubt. Saline nasal rinses: Nasal saline rinses can help clear nasal passages and alleviate congestion. Warm fluids: Drinking warm liquids, such as herbal teas or broths, can soothe a sore throat and provide comfort. Steam inhalation: Inhaling steam from a bowl of hot water can help relieve congestion and ease breathing. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health insurance provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our range of healthcare products is designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

July 11, 2023

Beat thrush with probiotics: A secret weapon for optimal vaginal health

Thrush is a common vaginal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast (a type of fungus).1a It can be uncomfortable and frustrating to deal with, but certain specific probiotics can be a secret weapon for optimal vaginal health. Signs and symptoms Symptoms of thrush include itching, soreness, and abnormal discharge. You might also experience pain during sexual intercourse or when urinating.1b Anyone can get thrush, but those who have weakened immune systems, are pregnant, or have uncontrolled diabetes may be more susceptible.1c Reuterina femme is a probiotic supplement that contains Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 and Lactobacillus rhamnoses GR-1. Reuterina femme has clinical evidence that: Is proven to work effectively in vaginal infections.3 Shows reduction in the incidences of recurring vaginal thrush infections.2 Reduces growth of infection causing bacteria and yeasts.3 Can be used with antibiotics to increase theireffectiveness.4 Incorporating Reuterina® femme into your daily routine can help you beat thrush and maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome. The Reuterina® family of probiotics are available from pharmacies nationwide. For more information, visit: https://reuterina.co.za/ and join the conversations on Instagram and Facebook. References and product legals available on request. S0 Reuterina (chew tablet). Each tablet contains a minimum of 100 million ( 1 x 10 8) live, freeze-dried colony forming units (CFU) Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 and Limosilatobacillus rhamnosus GR-1. Applicant: Austell Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd, 1 Sherborne Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa. Tel: 0860287835. www.austell.co.za . PMX: 1597_06/2023

July 11, 2023

MAKING SENSE OF OVER-THE-COUNTER COLD AND FLU MEDICATION

More people are choosing to self-medicate colds and flu than ever before, but with literally hundreds of over-the-counter (OTC) remedies available inside a pharmacy, how do you know which one(s) to buy? Marli Botha, OTC Product Manager at Pharma Dynamics, says there are more than 200 different colds and flu medicine brands available today, which can make choosing the right treatment onerous. “While self-medicating can save you time and money, few consumers are familiar with the active ingredients in medicines and how they could potentially interact with one another. For example, taking a nasal decongestant when you have high blood pressure may cause an unwanted reaction. If you do you have an underlying condition and/or are on chronic medication, then it’s always best to check with the pharmacist or your doctor regarding the risk of a drug interaction – even when it comes to natural or herbal treatments.” She says when you’re suffering from a cough and/or runny nose, it’s important to know whether you have a cold or flu as they often require different treatment. “A cold usually comes on gradually, over the course of a day or two. Symptoms typically include tiredness, sneezing, a runny or stuffy nose and coughing. You might not have a fever, but when you do, it’s likely to only be slightly higher than normal. Colds usually last three to four days, but can linger for up to two weeks. “In contrast, the flu, comes on suddenly and hits hard. You will feel weak and tired, and could run a fever as high as 40°C. You’ll experience aching muscles and are likely to feel cold the one minute and hot the next. The flu is often accompanied by a pounding headache and sore throat. A fever may last three to five days, but you could feel weak and tired for two to three weeks.” While most people will recover from a cold relatively quickly, the flu can lead to serious complications in those with suppressed immune systems, such as the elderly, children or those suffering from a chronic condition, which is why these populations should consult a doctor if symptoms persist after one week. She says if you have a runny nose and sore throat, medications that include an ingredient to control coughs should be avoided. “Consumers need to make sure they choose medication that treat only the symptoms they have and that they are not taking medications they don’t need. The best way to make sure that you choose the appropriate OTC medication to treat a cold or flu is to understand the different active ingredients and the symptoms they treat.” There are six major active ingredient categories related to colds and flu symptom relief. These are: Analgesics relieve pain and discomfort. Decongestants provide short-term relief for a blocked or stuffy nose. They work by reducing the swelling of the blood vessels in your nose, which helps to open up the airways. This relieves the feeling of pressure and allows you to breathe more easily through your nose. Cough suppressants will help control a persistent, dry cough by acting on the body’s cough reflex. The cough reflex is the body’s way of getting rid of secretions in the airways and lungs. However, in some cases, coughing can be excessive and exacerbate symptoms. Mucoactive agents work best if you have a wet cough and will help clear mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways, including the lungs, bronchi and trachea. Mucoactives include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators and mucokinetics. Bronchodilators relieve coughs by widening the air passages, increasing the airflow. Antihistamines block histamine and is commonly used to treat allergy symptoms. “Medications that treat more than one symptom, often referred to as combination medicines, can also be taken to relieve symptoms. “For a sore throat try sucking lozenges – most of them are pleasantly flavoured and contain glycerine to lubricate the throat, while others are medicated. Another option would be throat sprays containing local anaesthetics and anti-inflammatory ingredients. “To relieve mild or moderate pain, such as headaches or to reduce fevers take paracetamol. “When you’re down with a cold or flu, your body needs plenty of rest and regular fluid intake. Keep in mind that viruses cause colds and flu, therefore antibiotics won’t work. Taking unnecessary antibiotics promotes antibiotic resistance, which makes bacterial infections harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.” Botha says having a basic understanding of the types of ingredients contained in colds and flu medications can help consumers make more informed choices, but she cautions, when in doubt, ask your pharmacist or doctor for advice.

July 7, 2023

When It Comes To Pain And Fever Care With Your Infant This Winter, Accurate Dosage Is Key

When caring for your infant’s health, accuracy is crucial. This is particularly true when it comes to administering medication for pain and fever relief. Parents want to be confident this Winter, that they are providing their little ones with the proper amount of medication, without the risk of under or over-dosing.1 That’s where the easy dosage control dropper that comes with Panado® Infant Drops2 can be a great help and convenience. The dropper that accompanies the Panado® Infant Drops is specially designed to make dosing easy and accurate. It’s marked with precise measurements that help parents to ensure that they are providing the correct amount of medication, based on the weight and age of their child. This is especially important when treating infants, as their bodies are much smaller and more delicate than those of older children and adults. The medication is specifically designed to be administered in small doses, making it easier to get the dosage just right. The dropper that comes with the medication is also designed to be easy to use and accurate, making sure that you can give your baby the correct amount of medication every time. Panado® provides trusted5 pain and fever relief, making this Winter so much easier to navigate. Other Panado® Products Suitable For Your Child In addition to Panado® Infant Drops 20 ml, Panado’s range for children includes Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Strawberry (50 ml | 100 ml),3 Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint Alcohol and Sugar-Free (50 ml | 100 ml),4 and Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint 5 ml Sachets. Make pain and fever care easy by shopping for Panado® products from independent pharmacies and selected Clicks, Dis-Chem, and Pick ‘n Pay stores. For more information, visit https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. 2023050910278212 References: Kids Health. Medicines: Using Them Safely. Last accessed 27 March 2023. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medication-safety.html Panado® Infant Drops (Drops). Approved package insert, August 1990. Panado® Paediatric Syrup Strawberry. Approved package insert, March 2002. Panado® Paediatric Syrup Syrup. Approved package insert, April 2010. IRI Data for MAT August 2021.

July 5, 2023

FIVE TIPS TO KEEP YOUR CHILDREN HEALTHY DURING THE CHILLY SEASON

As the winter season approaches, Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, reminds parents and caregivers of the importance of maintaining their children’s health and well-being. Colds and flu are quite common among children, especially during winter. The colder weather and increased time spent indoors close to others can contribute to the spreading of respiratory infections. Children, particularly those in school or day-care settings, are more susceptible to these infections due to their developing immune systems and frequent exposure to other children. The close contact and sharing of objects among children provide ample opportunities for viruses to spread. Additionally, the influenza virus circulates more widely during the colder months, increasing flu cases during winter. “It’s important to note that with the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been changes in transmission patterns and public health measures that may impact the occurrence of respiratory illnesses in children,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “It’s always recommended to follow local health guidelines and take appropriate preventive measures.” As much as we’d love to protect our little superheroes from every sneaky cold and flu villain, they can still catch a case of the sniffles. However, there are ways we can help our children ward off troublesome winter illnesses. Read on for Affinity Health’s five essential tips to keep children healthy in winter. Encourage Proper Hand Hygiene Regular handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of germs. You must encourage your children to wash their hands frequently with soap and warm water, especially before meals, after using the restroom, and after coughing or sneezing. If soap and water are unavailable, alcohol-based hand sanitisers can be an alternative. By instilling good hand hygiene habits, you can help reduce the risk of infections. Ensure Adequate Nutrition A well-balanced diet plays a crucial role in maintaining a robust immune system. Include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins in your children’s meals. These foods provide essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can bolster their immune response. Additionally, consider incorporating immune-boosting foods such as citrus fruits, berries, yoghurt, and green leafy vegetables into their diet. Promote Regular Physical Activity Encourage your children to engage in regular physical activity, even during winter. Whether indoor activities like dancing, yoga, active games, or outdoor activities such as playing in the garden, jogging, or walking, keeping them active helps boost their immunity and overall well-being. Remember to dress your kids appropriately for the weather to ensure comfort and safety. Ensure Sufficient Sleep Adequate sleep is essential for children’s overall health and immune function. Establish and maintain a consistent sleep schedule, ensuring your children get the recommended amount of sleep for their age group. A well-rested body is better equipped to fight off infections and support their overall well-being. Practice Respiratory Etiquette Teach your children proper respiratory etiquette to prevent the spread of respiratory infections. It would help if you encouraged them to cover their mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing. Remind them to dispose of used tissues properly and wash their hands afterwards. By practising respiratory etiquette, you help reduce the transmission of germs and protect their health. Signs And Symptoms of Colds and Flu In Children While cold and flu symptoms can overlap, some distinguishing features can help differentiate between the two. Common Cold: Runny or stuffy nose Sneezing Sore throat Mild headache Cough, usually dry and hacking Mild fatigue or tiredness Mild body aches Watery eyes Low-grade fever, if present, is generally mild Influenza (Flu): Sudden onset of symptoms High fever (often above 38°C) Severe headache Fatigue and extreme tiredness Muscle or body aches, which can be severe Chills and shivering Dry, persistent cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose, although less common in flu than in colds Nausea, vomiting, and sometimes diarrhoea more common in children than in adults Did You Know? On average, children can experience anywhere between 6 to 10 colds per year, especially during their first few years of life, while, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), during typical flu seasons, flu illnesses can affect around 8% to 20% of children. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health insurance provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

July 4, 2023

Due soon? What to include in your hospital bag

With your due date fast approaching, this is a very exciting, yet stressful time for most moms to be. Here is a great list of what to pack for the big day! Ideally, you should have your bag ready to go by 36 to 37weeks, apart from the last minute grabs such as your tooth brush and phone charger. Please see our extensive list of the essential items and also items to make you feel more comfortable for mom and baby (and dad, of course!) Baby Car seat – Many hospitals won’t let you leave without one. Please make sure you know how to strap baby properly into the seat and the seat is secure in the car. Safety first! A going home outfit: It’s important to keep baby skin to skin (this means no clothes on baby; only a nappy) for as long as possible, as this promotes growth, bonding and a calming period for you and your baby. When it’s time to go home, pack different outfits in different sizes as you don’t know how big or small baby will be. Aim for an outfit in Newborn sizes, and 0-3 months. Don’t forget a beanie or socks if the weather is cold. Blankets or Muslin wrap to keep baby nice and cosy. Bottles – If you are going into the hospital knowing you are going to bottle feed, take your bottles with. The hospital usually supplies the formula, but if you have a preferred brand, take some along. If breastfeeding doesn’t work for you, don’t stress! The nurses will provide the bottles and formula. Nappies and wipes to keep baby clean and dry. The nurses in the hospital will show you how to change baby if you are a first time mom. Mom Your medical aid information, your pre authorization/ doctors forms, your ID card and all other important documents you may need. Keep this safely in a folder all together to avoid any stress. A robe or dressing gown – This is such a handy item to have to cover up and make you feel comfortable Pyjama’s that button down at the front – If you are breastfeeding it’s a lot easier to undo the buttons than lift your top continuously. Comfortable, soft and loose pants such as lights weight shorts, stretchy leggings or sleep pants are ideal. Maternity pads and disposable breast pads. Nursing bras are also wonderful and offers great support for breastfeeding moms. Slippers or slip in shoes. Your feet may be a little swollen after delivery, so don’t feel bad leaving the hospital in the snuggest and easiest pair of shoes you can slip into. Slipper socks also work great. Cotton underwear, preferably in a dark or black colour. One that fits you well but rises above the uterus. This is good for moms who have a caesarean section and natural birth as it offers support and doesn’t cause pain along the wound site. Nipple cream – If you’re planning on breastfeeding, your nipples will be happy you are being so proactive. Toiletries – You will want to brush your hair and have a shower after baby has arrived. Take your shampoo, face cream, lotion and body wash, as well as your toothbrush and toothpaste. Deodorant, lip balm and extra hair ties are also a great items to have on hand. Cell phone charger – Because your phone will be full of photos of your new addition to your family. Water bottle and snacks. Take a reusable water bottle as its very important to keep hydrated during and post-delivery. Snack on dried fruit and wine gums to keep your sugar up and to give you energy (with permission from your midwife or doctor of course) A magazine or book, your laptop or some music. Labour may sometimes become a little long. It’s good to keep busy. Most hospitals and birthing clinics supply towels, pillows and blankets. If you have a favourite, take yours along to the hospital. A set of clothes to go home in. Your make up bag and straightener or curling iron. While you won’t be focused on looking great during labour, you may want to take some photos after the birth of your little one. Get someone to help you and make you feel good about yourself (and the great work you’ve just done!) Dad/Birthing partner Camera – Take photos! Lots of them. This is a great job for dad to do during birth. It will make them feel a lot more involved. Snacks: Another great job for dad. Full his bag with plenty of snacks and treats that you can both enjoy during your stay. Comfortable clothes – As he may be sitting with you for quite some time, let him pack some tracksuit pants, t shirts, slippers and hoodies. Extra underwear is also a winner if he is staying overnight. Chargers – For phones, laptops and cameras. The longer the wire, the better, as most plug outlets are likely to be far from you. Toiletries – He may want to freshen up during the course of your stay. Many private hospitals offer you a baby bag when you are admitted for delivery. This is a great item and will contain most, if not all baby’s toiletries such as soap and creams. If you forget something, it’s not the end of the world. The nurses may be able to help or someone can go to the shop for you. All baby ideally needs is a clean nappy, milk, and most importantly, you.

July 3, 2023

WHAT ARE THE COMMON SYMPTOMS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?

As we mark International Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Month, Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, raises awareness and understanding about this debilitating and complex disease. What is MS? MS is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is estimated that over 6,000 people in South Africa are living with MS, and around 2.5 million worldwide. MS occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective coating (myelin) that surrounds nerve fibres in the CNS. This can cause a range of symptoms, depending on which nerves are affected. The cause of MS is not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Signs And Symptoms The signs and symptoms of MS can vary greatly from person to person, depending on which part of the CNS is affected. Some of the most common symptoms include: Fatigue: MS-related fatigue is often described as an overwhelming sense of exhaustion that does not improve with rest. It can be debilitating and affect daily life. Muscle weakness or spasticity: MS can cause muscle weakness, stiffness, or spasms, which can affect movement and coordination. Vision problems, such as blurred or double vision: MS can damage the nerves that control eye movement, leading to vision problems. Sensory symptoms, such as numbness or tingling in the limbs: MS can affect the way nerves transmit signals, leading to altered sensations such as numbness, tingling, or burning. Difficulty with coordination and balance: MS can affect the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordination and balance, leading to problems with walking or standing. Problems with speech or swallowing: MS can affect the nerves that control speech and swallowing, leading to slurred speech or difficulty swallowing. Cognitive difficulties, such as memory problems or difficulty with concentration and attention: MS can affect the parts of the brain responsible for cognition, leading to problems with memory, attention, and information processing. Treatment Options While there is currently no cure for MS, there are treatments available that can help manage the symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. These include medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise. According to Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health, “Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing MS. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the symptoms associated with MS, as early intervention can help prevent long-term disability and improve quality of life.” MS can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life, and it is important to provide support and care for those living with the disease. This includes access to healthcare, rehabilitation services, and community support. “By increasing awareness, we can help reduce the stigma associated with MS and improve support for those living with the disease,” concludes Hewlett. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading provider of health insurance, offering you a range of options at affordable rates including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, your budget, and your lifestyle. Our range of healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service at all times. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

June 30, 2023

COULD THIS BE ADHD?

With home-schooling becoming the new norm, many parents are now faced with seeing their children in a different role as a student, and they have been forced into becoming the, often ill-equipped, teacher. Some parents are finding this incredibly difficult, and especially those whose children are not getting on with the schoolwork with as much ease as they’d expect.

June 28, 2023

All You Need to Know About Speech Therapists

Speech therapists, speech and language therapists and speech pathologists all refer to the same scope of practice. In South Africa, we study a 4 year Bachelor of Science degree at university followed by 1 year of community service at a government hospital or health care facility. It is a requirement that we register with the Health Professionals Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Thereafter, we can work in the public or private sector.

June 23, 2023

Playful ways to express emotions

“Emotions are important and can determine the kind of behaviour your child displays,” advises play therapist and Clamber Club Expert Anna Rodrigues. “A young child does not have the language to tell what he is feeling so his feelings come out in his behavior,” she adds. A child who feels angry for example could be defiant; a child who feels sad may cry continuously and a happy, content child may smile often and be compliant. A child who knows that there are many different emotions can name them and has a greater ability to be in control of those emotions. How can you help your child show his emotions? Start by looking at ways to help your child recognize his different emotions. “The first four emotions your child should recognise as a toddler is the happy face, the sad face, the angry face and the scared face,” says Anna. As you page through a magazine with your child or read him a story at night, point out the emotions the characters may be experiencing. As your child becomes familiar with those emotions highlight other emotions such as the excited teddy, the frustrated little boy or the nervous horse. Secondly, allow your child to experience these emotions through play. Children love to pretend and to fantasize. So, let your child pretend to be a mad dinosaur or a scared bird. Notice the expression on your child’s face as he plays out these emotions. There are also many negative emotions that your child may feel, he may feel annoyed, upset, confused, scared, angry or disillusioned. “These are all normal to experience, but when he starts to act out and misbehave or internalise these hard feelings it is important to help him to release these emotions in a playful manner,” advises Rodrigues. How high is your PQ when it comes to your child? There is so much importance placed on the child’s IQ and EQ, however we should add PQ – playful quotation, to this group. Here are our top playful activities to do with your child to help him release negative energy or negative feelings:

June 22, 2023

What is HELLP?

Pregnancy and the arrival of a new baby is a time of great excitement and joy for expectant parents. However, occasionally there can be complications, which is why pregnant moms should have regular health checks and be aware of any unusual symptoms that may develop. Over the past few years, there has been discussion around a condition known as HELLP Syndrome. It’s a life-threatening complication in pregnancy that can be difficult to diagnose. We reached out to Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, Head of Operations at Bonitas Medical Fund and his clinical team, to get some answers and advice about HELLP. What is HELLP Syndrome? HELLP (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count) Syndrome usually develops before the 37th week of pregnancy but can occur shortly after delivery. It’s a serious complication that affects the blood and liver. H = Haemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells that carry oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body. EL= Elevated liver enzymes. High levels of these chemicals in the blood can be a sign of liver problems. LP = Low platelet count. Platelets are little fragments of blood cells that help with blood clotting. A low platelet count can lead to serious bleeding. What causes HELLP? ‘We don’t know what causes HELLP syndrome,’ says Dr Mkhatshwa, ‘however, you are at risk if you have pre-eclampsia or eclampsia.’ About 1 to 2 in 10 pregnant women (10 to 20 percent) with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia develop HELLP. Pre-eclampsia is caused by high blood pressure. It usually starts after the 20th week of pregnancy or giving birth. Eclampsia is when pre-eclampsia is uncontrolled and causes seizures. Many women are diagnosed with pre-eclampsia before they have HELLP which is a more severe form of pre-eclampsia. What are the symptoms / signs of HELLP? You may feel tired, have pain in the upper right part of the belly, bad headaches and nausea or vomiting. You may also experience swelling, especially of the face and hands and blurry vision. Some women develop HELLP suddenly, without having any signs or symptoms. If you have any signs of HELLP Syndrome, call your medical practitioner, emergency services or go to a hospital emergency room for medical care right away. How is HELLP diagnosed? To find out if you have HELLP Syndrome, your healthcare provider will do a physical exam to check for: Belly pain or soreness, especially in the upper right side An enlarged liver High blood pressure Swelling in your legs Other tests could include: Blood tests to check your liver enzyme levels, lactate dehydrogenase and full blood and platelet count with a peripheral smear Urinalysis to check for protein in the urine A CT scan to see if there’s bleeding in your liver Non-stress test or ultrasound to check your baby’s health. A non-stress test checks your baby’s heart rate, in the womb, to see how the heart rate changes when your baby moves. This test is to make sure your baby’s getting enough oxygen. Ultrasound uses sound waves and a computer screen to show a picture of your baby inside the womb Is HELLP painful? Symptoms of HELLP include serious pain just below the ribs, or the upper right side of the chest area (where the liver is), shoulder pain or pain when breathing. How is HELLP treated? You may be given medication to control your blood pressure and prevent seizures or you may require a blood transfusion to treat anaemia and low platelet levels. Early birth may be necessary because HELLP complications can get worse and harm both you and your baby – either through an induced labour or by C-Section depending on the health assessment results of the baby. How does it impact the baby? Infants born to mothers with HELLP Syndrome may have a variety of birth injuries: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or severe respiratory distress. Are there long term effects of HELLP? A history of HELLP Syndrome means you are at increased risk for recurrent pre-eclampsia and HELLP Syndrome as well as increased long-term morbidities, particularly depression and chronic hypertension. Can HELLP develop after childbirth? Yes, up to 30% of all patients who develop HELLP Syndrome do so after giving birth, typically within 48 hours. Can I have another baby after HELLP syndrome? If you had HELLP in a previous pregnancy, regardless of the time of onset, you have a greater risk for developing it in future pregnancies. ‘The condition is serious but rare’, stresses Dr Mkhatshwa. ‘Throughout your pregnancy it’s important to understand the changes your body is going through and to discuss any unusual pain or symptoms with your medical practitioner. This will ensure you receive the right help especially if you develop a complication and make the pregnancy and birth the joyous event it should be!’

June 22, 2023

IS MY CHILD IGNORING ME, OR IS IT “SELECTIVE” HEARING?

Does this sound familiar? “Joshua, it’s time for dinner…” No answer. Is he ignoring me? Or maybe he didn’t hear me…? Maybe I should get those ears checked… When is it worthwhile taking your child for a hearing test? Perhaps you recall your child had a hearing test at birth. Or perhaps there was so much going on that it seems like a distant memory. Most children do have their hearing screened at birth by an audiologist, but it depends on the hospital protocol. The test that is done at birth is a screening test to exclude significant hearing loss, but it is certainly worthwhile to repeat the hearing test several times as your child ages. Ideally, your child should have their hearing tested at birth, at one year, at three years and at five years of age. This should be done by an audiologist, as doctors cannot test your child’s hearing. Why is it so important to test my child’s hearing so frequently? At Birth –This is normally a screening done in the hospital at birth, within the first few days of life. Hearing is tested using a small probe which measures echo responses from the cochlea (inner ear). It is recommended that every child has a hearing screening test at birth. At 1 year – At this age your child should start producing one word utterances. Hearing is tested using the same test as at birth, but this time a diagnostic version is used, which tests a broader range of tones, and two different types of echoes can be measured. Your child can sit quietly and does not need to respond. We also look at their behavioural responses to soft speech in a sound proof booth, with rewarding stimuli like a Barney DVD which is played when they respond appropriately. Lastly, their middle ear health is tested using tympanometry, as many children have middle ear fluid which parents are not aware of. At 3 years – Your child should now be stringing short sentences together, which should be largely intelligible to both family and strangers. By age 3 and a half, your child can start responding more accurately to behavioural hearing tests. A combination of the testing described above, as well as play audiometry is generally used at this age to test your child’s hearing. Middle ear pressure tests and objective testing may be repeated if behavioural responses do not give enough information. At 5 years – By five years of age your child can attend for longer and give responses that are accurate. A full diagnostic hearing test is normally carried out. Results tend to be more specific to the pitch and intensities of your child’s hearing threshold. It is important that your child’s hearing is tested before they start school to ensure they can hear normally, which will allow your child the optimum learning capacity. Warning signs for potential hearing loss to look out for: Requests for the TV to be a little louder Ignoring or not responding when spoken to, especially from a distance (this can be inconsistent) Asking for repetition (saying ‘what?’ ‘huh?’) Difficulty learning new words Delayed speech or language development You feel concerned as a parent Teachers raise concerns Academic difficulties Attention or behaviour problems Complaints about sore ears, or frequent tugging of the ears Difficulty hearing on the phone with one or both ears If in doubt, rather have your child’s hearing tested routinely. Hearing loss can occur within the first few years of life, and children are at risk for middle ear infections, which are not always detectable by parents. To find an audiologist in your area, visit Audiology SA

June 21, 2023

The Great Eye-Hand Link; The Importance of Eye-Hand Coordination for Children

Eye-hand coordination, also known as hand-eye coordination, refers to the smooth, controlled and coordinated movements of the hand and eye together in order to reach a specific goal. While this may appear to be a fairly simple process to an observer, it is in fact an immensely complicated process that is dependent on your eyes ability to see, your brains ability to process, interpret and understand what is being seen by the eye and then based on that information plan and execute a smooth, coordinated, appropriate motor response. In the case of eye-hand coordination, the motor response relates to the use of the hands in order to achieve a particular objective. Fine motor control refers to the ability of small groups of muscles found in the hands, fingers and eyes working together in a coordinated manner. Good fine motor skills develop from good gross motor skills in children. This means that providing a young child with opportunities to move the large muscle groups in their bodies through engaging in activities such as climbing, jumping, running and crawling develops body awareness. This in turn enables the child to better understand where their bodies are in relation to their environment and other objects. This understanding of their bodies in terms of large movements will then also translate in to an understanding of their bodies in terms of small movements or fine motor skills should the child be provided with sufficient gross motor input. Kelly Westerman, Clamber Club franchisee and Occupational Therapist says, “It is very important to understand that our child’s eye-hand coordination is intimately linked to their fine motor control and both the importance of the eyes and the hands must be understood and acknowledged as being key role players in eye-hand coordination.” The role of the eyes is to see, follow moving objects, focus near and far, judge distances, observe details of objects and importantly, navigate the movement of the hands. The role of the hands is to feel textures, shapes, temperatures and weight. The hand will hold and manipulate objects, push and pull, catch and throw, clap, rub, grip, squeeze and point. All of which might be meaningless without the guidance of the eyes; thereby creating the eye-hand coordination. “If we consider how many of the things we do on a daily basis require the use of our eyes and hands, we realise how important it is that this process works effectively and efficiently,” adds Westerman. Fine motor skills and eye-hand coordination begin to develop from the time a child is born. An infant tracking a moving object with their eyes and then attempting to swipe at it, reaching for objects and moving those objects to their mouths as well as grasping and releasing objects are all the early activities that develop these skills. As the child gets older good eye-hand coordination and fine motor skills contributes to a child’s ability to learn essential self-care skills such as dressing and undressing, brushing their teeth and feeding themselves. In the school-going child, proficiency in these skills results in improved classroom performance as these skills are involved with a learner’s ability to write, cut, copy work from a board and read. “In light of the importance of eye-hand coordination, parents should ensure that they create opportunities for their children to learn and master these skills form as early as possible,” comments Occupational Therapist and founder of Clamber Club, Liz Senior. “We aim to provide children with comprehensive eye-hand coordination experiences in our classes, using equipment that is beneficial, and at the same time fun, while promoting the skills required to get their hands, fingers and eyes working together in a coordinated manner.” Clamber Club has put together these top activities and games that can help your baby develop their eye-hand coordination: Encourage your baby to follow moving objects or person with their eyes Provide opportunities for your little one to reach and grasp at objects Give your baby a variety of objects to hold so that they can practice difference grips and grasps. Watch as your little one transfers objects from one hand to another. This is a very important skill that they learn, so parents should watch out for it! Your baby will also play with their hands. This is a wonderful way for them to learn more about their hands, so make sure that there are times when their hands are free of objects and they can explore with their hands at their midlines Do not discourage your little one from bringing objects to their mouths; this is an important skill and by mouthing objects your little one learns about certain features of that object Provide opportunities for your little one to explore objects with their eyes. This can be done through suspending objects from frames that your baby lies under

June 20, 2023

DO LAXATIVES HELP WITH WEIGHT LOSS?

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, warns that using laxatives for weight loss is ineffective and can also be dangerous. What Are Laxatives? Laxatives are substances that are designed to promote bowel movements and relieve constipation. While they are often used for medical purposes, such as treating digestive disorders or preparing for medical procedures, some people may also use laxatives to lose weight. However, the use of laxatives for weight loss is not only ineffective, but it can also be dangerous. Busting Laxative Myths The idea that laxatives can aid in weight loss is based on a common misconception about the role of bowel movements in the body. Some people may believe that if they can have more bowel movements, they will eliminate more waste and therefore lose weight. However, the amount of waste in the body is not directly correlated with body weight. In fact, most waste material comprises water, bacteria, and undigested food, which do not contribute to overall body mass. Furthermore, using laxatives for weight loss can have serious health consequences. 10 Dangers of Abusing Laxatives Laxative abuse is a growing problem, especially among those who struggle with eating disorders or body image issues. The dangers of laxative abuse include the following. Dehydration: Laxatives can cause the body to lose water, leading to dehydration if not enough fluids are consumed. Electrolyte imbalances: Laxative abuse can also cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, leading to serious health problems such as muscle weakness, irregular heartbeats, and seizures. Intestinal damage: Overusing laxatives can damage the intestinal lining, causing chronic inflammation, ulcers, and bleeding. Nutrient deficiencies: Chronic laxative abuse can lead to nutrient deficiencies, as the body may not be able to absorb essential vitamins and minerals. Gastrointestinal disorders: Laxative abuse can contribute to developing gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic constipation, and even colon cancer. Dependence: Regular use of laxatives can lead to physical dependence on them, making it difficult for the body to have a bowel movement without their use. Weight gain: Laxatives do not help with long-term weight loss and can lead to weight gain as the body becomes dependent on them to have regular bowel movements. Kidney damage: Laxative abuse can damage the kidneys over time as they filter waste products from the body. Psychological effects: Laxative abuse can also have psychological effects, such as anxiety, depression, and a distorted body image. Death: In extreme cases, laxative abuse can lead to serious health complications that can be fatal, such as electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and kidney failure. The Importance of Healthy Lifestyle Changes for Weight Loss Instead of relying on laxatives for weight loss, focusing on healthy, sustainable lifestyle changes is essential. This includes a balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, regular exercise, and adequate hydration. “In some cases, constipation and digestive issues can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “If you are experiencing chronic constipation or other digestive issues, it is important to talk to a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying conditions and develop an appropriate treatment plan.” About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health insurance provider, offering you a range of options, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

June 20, 2023

IS EXERCISE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN MEDICATION FOR DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY?

While medication and therapy are often used to treat anxiety and depression, Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, highlights growing evidence to suggest that exercise may also be an effective treatment option. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting more than 264 million people. Anxiety disorders are also common, affecting an estimated 284 million people globally. “While depression and anxiety are distinct conditions with unique symptoms, they often occurB together and share many common underlying factors,” says Murray Hewlett. “Research has shown that genetics, life experiences, and brain chemistry can all contribute to the development of these disorders.” Signs And Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Depression is a mood disorder characterised by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. Symptoms of depression may include: Feelings of sadness or hopelessness Loss of interest in activities Changes in appetite or weight Changes in sleep patterns Fatigue or lack of energy Difficulty concentrating or making decisions Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Thoughts of death or suicide Anxiety is a condition characterised by excessive worry, fear, or nervousness. Symptoms of anxiety may include: Excessive worry or fear Restlessness or irritability Difficulty concentrating or sleeping Muscle tension or headaches Fatigue or lack of energy Panic attacks Avoidance of certain situations or activities The Evidence for Exercise as a Treatment for Depression and Anxiety Research has consistently shown that exercise can positively impact mental health. A growing body of evidence suggests that exercise may be as effective as medication for treating depression and anxiety. “One meta-analysis published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that exercise was as effective as medication for treating depression in adults. The study analysed the results of 11 clinical trials involving 455 patients with major depressive disorder. The researchers found that exercise was just as effective as medication in reducing symptoms of depression,” adds Hewlett. “Another study published in the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology found that exercise was an effective treatment for anxiety in college students. The study involved 60 college students randomly assigned to either a control or exercise group. The group participated thrice weekly in a 30-minute aerobic exercise session for eight weeks. The researchers found that the exercise group experienced significantly reduced anxiety symptoms compared to the control group.” Hewlett continues to say a review of 25 studies published in the journal Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice found that exercise was an effective treatment for depression in older adults. The review included studies of various types of exercise, including aerobic exercise, resistance training, and tai chi. The researchers found that exercise was effective in reducing symptoms of depression in older adults, regardless of the type of exercise. Why Exercise May Be Effective There are several reasons why exercise may be an effective treatment for depression and anxiety. First, exercise has been shown to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which affect mood regulation. Exercise has also been shown to reduce inflammation, which is thought to contribute to depression. In addition to these physiological effects, exercise can also have psychological benefits. Exercise has increased self-esteem, improved mood, and reduced stress and anxiety. Is Exercise More Effective Than Medication? While exercise is an effective treatment for depression and anxiety, it is not necessarily more effective than medication. The effectiveness of exercise versus medication may depend on the individual and the severity of their symptoms. For some people, medication may be a necessary component of treatment for depression or anxiety. For others, exercise may be an effective alternative or complementary treatment for depression and anxiety. “While exercise may not be the best option for everyone, it can be a valuable tool for managing symptoms and improving mental health. Suppose you are struggling with depression or anxiety. In that case, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider or mental health professional to determine the best treatment for your needs, ” says Hewlett. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health insurance provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

June 19, 2023

Baked Mushroom Bowls with Swiss Chard Mash

Serves 4 Ingredients: For the mash: 6 large baking potatoes 6 Tbsp butter 125ml / ½ cup full cream milk, kept warm 1 medium white onion, diced 1 bunch / 200g swiss chard, roughly chopped For the mushrooms: 500g mixed cultivated mushrooms 2 Tbsp butter, melted 1 Tbsp lemon juice 2 garlic cloves, grated ± 6 sprigs of fresh thyme ½ tsp chilli flakes Olive oil Salt and pepper, to taste Micro herbs or baby greens, for serving Method: For the mash: Peel potatoes and cut into large cubes. Transfer to a pot of cold water and rinse until the water runs clear. Cover potatoes with clean cold water and season generously with salt. Bring to a simmer. Cook until potatoes are completely tender. Drain in a colander and let steam dry for a minute. Use a potato ricer, food mill or hand held masher to mash the potatoes in their pot. Add the butter and fold in using a spatula. Pour in the hot milk and fold it into the potatoes. Season to taste. While the potatoes are cooking, prepare the swiss chard. Heat a drizzle of olive oil in a large frying pan and cook the onion until soft. Add the swiss chard and sauté until barely wilted. Season. Fold the swiss chard through the mashed potatoes and keep warm. For the mushrooms: Preheat oven to 200˚C, fan on. Place the mushrooms in a large bowl. It is great to use a mix of mushrooms but keep the sizes similar for cooking. Keep small portabellinis whole and slice large browns into quarters etc… Drizzle the mushrooms with the melted butter. Add the lemon juice, garlic, thyme and chilli. Toss to coat well. Transfer to a large rimmed baking sheet and spread into a single layer. Roast for 10-15 minutes or until mushrooms release liquid and are golden brown. Carefully pour off the excess mushroom liquid to keep them from going soggy. (You can keep this for a delicious broth or stock or drizzle over the dish as a sauce) Serve the roasted mushrooms on a bed of the swiss chard mash. Top with some fresh herbs or baby greens and serve!

June 19, 2023

Everyday vitamins and nutrients for you and the whole family

When looking after your and your family’s health, diet takes top priority. A healthy, balanced diet supports a stronger immune system, healthy blood pressure and cholesterol and a healthy heart. It’s important to include lots of fresh fruit and veggies, lean protein and fibre in your diet, and to minimise the amount of sugar, salt and processed foods consumed. Water is the number one healthiest drink to consume, followed by herbal teas, while sugary fizzy drinks and excess caffeine is best avoided. Even when we follow a balanced diet, it is still possible that our bodies are not getting all the nutrients we need to function at our best. This may be due to dietary restrictions (for example, a vegetarian or vegan might not always get enough iron) or the fact that some nutrients are not present in a big variety of foods. Then there’s also the factor of food quality. Because of modern farming practices, the foods we eat today do not have the same nutrient density as the foods our grandparents ate. This is where the importance of supplementation comes in. Good quality supplements support a healthy diet by filling in the gaps and ensuring you get all the vitamins and minerals your body needs, in the correct amounts. Supplements are not a “fix” for a bad diet – you can’t eat lots of unhealthy foods and take supplements to make up for it. Rather, they’re a complement to a balanced diet which may lack a few nutrients due to the various factors involved. When selecting supplementation products for you and your family it is important to choose products that don’t contain added sugar or unnecessary fillers. Choose a brand with a trusted reputation, that uses good quality raw ingredients and as many natural ingredients as possible. The type of nutrients you decide to supplement with is entirely up to each member of your family’s individual health concerns. Adults have a lot more health concerns than children do, and especially in older adults, it’s important to supplement according to individual health concerns. All adults will benefit from taking a multi-nutrient product (to build immunity and support general health) and a probiotic to ensure gut health and absorption of nutrients. NutriPure Multi-Vitamin Complete (R145.00) is packed with 12 essential vitamins and minerals: Vitamin D, B6, B12, C, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid and Niacin help to metabolise carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and are factors in the maintenance of good health. I If you struggle with stress and anxiety, a supplement filled with stress-fighting nutrients like JSHealth Mild Anxiety + Stress Tablets (R649.00), which contains a special combination of rejuvenating adaptogens, herbs, antioxidants, and vitamins, may help reduce your symptoms and support your immune system. If you have skin concerns, you could supplement with JSHealth Skin + Digestion Formula (R649.00) to help heal and prevent breakouts, or with JSHealth Vitality X + Collagen (R999.00) if you’re concerned about the visible signs of aging like loss of elasticity and skin sagging. Did you know that herbal teas can also be taken daily to help improve health conditions? Not only are they an excellent source of hydration (to replace sugary or caffeine-filled alternatives) but they contain natural ingredients with a variety of health benefits. SELA teas are filled with the very best in African Traditional Herbs that have been used for many generations to help boost health and relieve the symptoms of many illnesses. Sela products are suitable for everyone from the age of 12 years old and older. The range contains a natural, affordable and effective solution for everything from sleeplessness (SELA Sleep Tea, R49.99, has calming and relaxing properties to promote restful sleep), to healthy and strong immune system (SELA Health Tea, R49.99, is formulated to support a stronger immune system and general health) to sexual health (SELA Strong Man Tea, R84.99, supports healthy male sexual function). Because children are growing, they need a lot of vitamins and minerals to ensure healthy bone development. Children are also prone to getting sick, so it’s essential to strengthen their immunity. A multivitamin is the first place to start. This should cover all the major vitamin and mineral requirements that children need. NutriPure Kids Multi Vitamin (R120.00) is a complete health supplement containing 11 essential vitamins and minerals including, among others, vitamins B6, B12, C and D. Formulated into a soft and chewy treat, it is free from added sugar and is made from natural ingredients. In addition to a multivitamin, it’s also important to improve your child’s gut health with a good quality probiotic. NutriPure Kids Probiotics (R170.00) is formulated with Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, two scientifically tested bacteria strains. Each NutriPure bear contains 1 billion live cultures to help your child boost their daily culture intake. Remember, you’ll get the most out of your supplements when they form part of a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and enough sleep and rest.

June 15, 2023

Asthma – avoiding triggers

Asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses, affecting over 300 million people worldwide. Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, Head of Operations at Bonitas Medical Fund, talks about the causes of asthma, preventative steps to reduce the chances of an attack and treatment. What is asthma? Asthma is a long-term condition affecting children and adults. The air passages in the lungs become narrow due to inflammation, production of extra mucus and tightening of the muscles around the small airways. This causes asthma symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness. These symptoms can be intermittent, are often worse at night and can be triggered by exercise. It affects approximately one in 10 children and one in 20 adults and can occur for the first time at any age, even in adulthood, although asthma usually begins before the age of five. A few children affected will ‘outgrow’ it during their teenage years but it usually persists if contracted in adulthood. Asthma tends to run in families. Signs and symptoms Asthma is often under-diagnosed and under-treated and this can lead to disturbed sleep, tiredness during the day and poor concentration. If you fail to recognise and avoid triggers that lead to your tightened airways, you may have an asthma attack, feel respiratory distress or experience a life-threatening situation. It’s important to avoid the triggers and recognise the signs of this condition to enjoy a better quality of life. What causes asthma? There are various types of asthma including allergy-induced asthma. Research shows that the risk factors include a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental exposure, to inhaled substances and particles that may cause allergic reactions or irritate the airways. These include indoor allergens – such as dust mites, particles of cockroach waste and pet dander and outdoor allergens – such as seasonal pollen, mould as well as tobacco smoke and air pollution. Smoke and strong soaps and perfume can also be triggers. Other triggers for asthma can include cold and dry air, physical activity, stress, certain medications, such as aspirin and other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and beta-blockers (which are used to treat high blood pressure, heart conditions and migraine) viral infections and occupational asthma, triggered by workplace irritants such as chemical fumes, gases or dust. Factors associated with asthma prevalence or disease severity in South African children include the adoption of an urban lifestyle, atopy (a genetic predisposition to having allergies), obesity, respiratory infection or exposure to industrial pollution or tobacco smoke. Treating asthma Asthma can be life threatening when left untreated and cannot be cured but, with the right treatment most asthmatics will lead completely normal, active lives. The aim of treatment should be to make the lungs and breathing tubes as normal as possible so that there are minimal symptoms and as little disruption to ordinary life as possible. People with asthma may need an inhaler. Their treatment will depend on the frequency and severity of symptoms and the different types of inhalers available. There are two main types of inhalers: Bronchodilators that open the air passages and relieve symptoms Steroids that reduce inflammation in the air passages. This improves asthma symptoms and reduces the risk of severe asthma attacks and death It can sometimes be difficult to coordinate breathing using an inhaler, especially for children and during emergency situations. Using a spacer device makes it easier and helps the medicine to reach the lungs more effectively. A spacer is a plastic container with a mouthpiece or mask at one end and a hole for the inhaler in the other. A homemade spacer, made from a 500ml plastic bottle, can be as effective as a commercially manufactured inhaler. Reduce your exposure to allergy triggers The best way to reduce your exposure to seasonal allergy triggers is to avoid them. Avoid activity in the early morning when pollen levels are at their highest Stay indoors on dry, windy days as the pollen counts surge in these conditions The best time to go outside is after a good rain, rain washes pollen away but beware, pollen counts can also soar after rainfall Delegate gardening chores like mowing the lawn to others Wear a pollen-filtering mask if you must do chores outside. When back indoors, shower to rinse pollen from your skin and hair and put on clean clothes Keep windows shut or use an air conditioner if you know that pollen counts are going to be high Clean floors often with a vacuum cleaner Wash your bedding in hot water at least once a week Don’t hang laundry outside during this time as pollen can stick to sheets and towels Cover your bedding and pillows with allergen-proof covers Remove stuffed toys from your children’s bedrooms Dr Mkhatshwa says, ‘If you are experiencing asthma symptoms or think you might have asthma, it is important for you to talk to your GP. This will help you establish if your symptoms are linked to asthma or whether something else is causing them.’

June 14, 2023

Fight Flu with the Big Five of Essential Oils to Support Health at Home & Office

It all starts with a scratchy throat and before long you have headache, fatigue, fever, an onslaught of snot or a dry niggling cough… and no energy to get out of bed. Winter colds start slowly while flu viruses set in quickly with the change of season, and with similar symptoms, colds and flu can lead to more serious illness including bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, asthma, strep throat, or ear infection. Over 200 viruses cause the common cold and there are multiple strains of the flu, which contagiously circumnavigate the globe each year affecting between 5 to 20 percent of the population. Flu germs spread up to three feet when an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks and can easily enter your body through touching eyes, nose or mouth with viruses surviving up to 24 hours and spread across commonly touched door handles and staircase balustrades. Stay fighting fit and prepare ahead for winter by boosting you and your family’s immunity against germs and viruses with your own naturally occurring, organic apothecary of pure healing essential oil aromatherapy kits for home and office to provide everyday immune support, remedies and relief from colds, flu, cough, and congestion. Protection & Prevention with SOiL’s Natural Essential Oils Children and the elderly are most affected by the flu as their immune systems are still developing or as in the latter, declining with age. Research shows that stress and a lack of adequate sleep (at least 7 hours per night) also heightens your risk of catching a cold. As a natural alternative to medication, pure essential oil aromatherapy includes properties that can fight viruses, alleviate flu symptoms, increase comfort during illness, treat symptoms like congestion, reduce fever and shorten the duration of your illness. Benefit from the best emotional and physical support with essential oils when you diffuse them, this is also the easiest way for young children and the elderly to get the best effect, and when you want to clean the environmental air in an office, retail store, schoolroom, or community. A diffuser neutralises airborne pathogens, supports your respiratory system, quietens, and sedates your nervous system and triggers positive emotional states. Clean the Air: To cleanse the air and promote clear breathing and healthy respiratory functioning use eucalyptus, peppermint, lavender, and lemon. Sleep Deeply: To support sleep diffuse lavender, chamomile, bergamot, and sandalwood essential oils. Build Immunity: SOiL’s Immunity Blend 10ml R85.00 offers a pre-blended oil of Lemongrass, Benzoin, Tea Tree, and Thyme oil to guard against illness. Shield: SOiL’s Shield Blend 10ml R75.00 is a spicy citrus mint blend that creates a barrier against unwanted germs and bacteria to support a healthier environment, immune and respiratory function. SOiL AROMATHERAPY DIFFUSERS: The SOiL Ceramic Aroma Burner R150.00 is the perfect size for essential oil use as a scented room aroma for ambiance or therapeutically with your favourite SOiL essential oils or aroma wax melts. The SOiL Ultrasonic Aroma Diffuser R600.00 disperses the essential oils into the air via a fine mist. Low on energy, this cold mist diffuser uses water and ultrasonic vibrations to disperse the molecules of the essential oil into the air via a fine mist. Easy to use and clean, it offers a full power, timed and intermittent setting of 15 second intervals. For 200ml of water, add between 6-10 drops of SOiL essential oil depending on the desired strength of aroma and the size and ventilation of the room. The Ultrasonic Diffuser holds a one-year guarantee. You can also inhale essential oils by sniffing the bottle directly or adding a few drops of essential oil to a cotton ball or handkerchief. You can also dilute oils in a carrier oil and massage them into your skin, head, neck, and feet, or add them to steamy bathwater or large bowl of hot water for steam inhalation. The BIG FIVE of Flu Remedy & Relief with SOiL #1 SOiL Eucalyptus – South African grown Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Smithi) essential oil R30.00 protects against colds, reduces fever, fights viruses, clears breathing passageways, and soothes muscular aches. Pleasant in a massage blend or as a steam inhalation, it is a popular decongestant, helping to loosen phlegm and treat coughs. The Eucalyptus tree is native to Australia and the Aboriginals see it as a symbol of strength, protection, and abundance. They have used it for centuries to purify and negate negative energy and with its antiviral and antimicrobial properties, a cool compress will reduce a fever. #2 SOiL Chamomile – Chamomile is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs known to humankind according to the National Library of Medicine, with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties and while it relieves cold and flu symptoms it is also used for hay fever, inflammation, insomnia, muscle spasm, menstrual disorders, ulcers and much more. There are two types available, both with calming properties: German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) R350.00 offers anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties and is known to relieve skin disease and stomach distress, and severe skin problems like allergies, eczema, psoriasis and healing and tissue regeneration. Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) R200.00 is distilled from the flowering tops of the plant with a pleasant apple fragrance. It is a gentle oil, which makes it suitable for children. With relaxing and pain-relieving properties use it to treat complaints of the digestive and nervous systems, sooth teething in infants, colic, and indigestion and nervous system with sedative and anti-inflammatory effect. #3 SOiL Lemon Tea tree oil is antibacterial, antiseptic, and antimicrobial, making it ideal for not only treating cold and flu symptoms, but also preventing illness. The SOiL Lemon Tea Tree oil 10ml (Leptospermum Petersonni) R50.00 is perfect for a respiratory essential oil blend to help combat coughs and colds. #4 SOiL Peppermint Oil (Mentha Piperita) R60.00 has antiviral and antibacterial properties, kills airborne germs and acts as a natural decongestant and fever-reducer. Containing menthol, it soothes sore throats and quiet coughs, sinusitis, and infection #5 SOiL Easy Breathe Blend 10ml R80.00 Expertly formulated by SOiL’s certified aromatherapist, this blend of essential oils

June 13, 2023

A Child’s First Visit to the Dentist

Your child’s introduction to oral care should actually begin soon after birth. By gently cleaning a baby’s gums after feeding with a soft, damp washcloth, parents can get the child accustomed to oral hygiene which is an important, everyday routine. Your child’s first dental visit is as important as those first words or first steps; it’s a social and developmental milestone. By starting dental habits at an early age, you will help your child develop a lifetime of good dental habits. A child’s introduction to professional dental care should take place by the child’s first birthday. The earlier you begin, the better chance there is to prevent problems. During the first dental visit, your child’s mouth, teeth and gums will be examined for any signs of tooth decay and other problems. Depending on the age, X-rays may be taken to see whether facial bones and teeth are developing properly and to find any hidden decay. The teeth may also be cleaned and any adverse habits such as thumb sucking can be evaluated. Also you could be taught to effectively clean your child’s teeth at home. Regular fluoride treatment is helpful; I recommend it be done every six months. Let your dentist do it, so that regular visits to the dentist become the norm for your child. A good time to schedule your child’s first dental appointment is in the morning, when he or she is rested and more cooperative. Morning appointments also don’t conflict with mealtimes or naps. If your child enjoys the first dental visit, future visit will be anticipated rather than feared. These early experiences will influence your child’s attitude towards dental health, and can help start him or her on the path to a lifetime of good dental health. Before the first dental visit Here are some important tips for your child’s first dental visit: Don’t: Bribe your child into going to the dentist Use dental visit as a punishment Let the child know that you feel any anxiety about going to the dentist Let anyone tell your child scary stories about dental visits Do: Talk about the upcoming appointment with the child in a positive, matter-of-fact way Try to make dental visits enjoyable for your child Set a good example by caring for your own teeth

June 13, 2023

WHAT IS CYBERSICKNESS? SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, explores the phenomenon of cybersickness, which has emerged as a notable concern in the digital age. Cybersickness, or virtual reality sickness or simulation sickness, is a term used to describe symptoms that can occur when there is a disconnect between what someone sees on a screen and how their body feels. “Have you ever experienced light-headedness or nausea while scrolling through social media or browsing the web? If so, you may have had an episode of cyber sickness,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “Similar to motion sickness, which is common on boats, in cars, and on amusement park rides for many people, cybersickness can happen when your senses send conflicting signals to your brain. This phenomenon can occur while using multiple screens, attending virtual meetings where someone else controls the screen, or simply scrolling on your smartphone or computer.” What Is the Cause of Cybersickness? The exact cause of cybersickness is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a mismatch between visual and vestibular (balance) cues. When the brain receives visual information that suggests motion or movement, the body does not feel it (such as playing video games or using virtual reality headsets). It can cause disorientation and other cybersickness symptoms. Signs And Symptoms Symptoms of cybersickness can include: Nausea Dizziness Headaches Eye strain Fatigue Sweating A Word on Mental Wellness In addition to the physical symptoms, cybersickness can also harm mental health, as physical symptoms can lead to feelings of frustration, disappointment, and even anxiety. The constant stimulation and information overload that technology provides can also contribute to feelings of burnout. How To Prevent Cybersickness Fortunately, several strategies can help to prevent or manage cybersickness. Some of these strategies include: Taking Frequent Breaks Taking frequent breaks from screens, or virtual reality environments can help to reduce the risk of developing cybersickness. Experts recommend taking breaks every 20-30 minutes to give the brain a chance to adjust. Limiting Exposure Limiting exposure to screens or virtual reality environments can also help prevent cybersickness. This may mean limiting gaming time, using virtual reality headsets, or using screens or devices in moderation. Adjusting Settings Adjusting the settings on screens or virtual reality devices can help reduce cybersickness symptoms. This may include adjusting the field of view, reducing the screen’s brightness, or adjusting the motion sensitivity. Staying Hydrated Staying hydrated can help minimise cybersickness symptoms, as dehydration can exacerbate symptoms like nausea and headaches. Managing Stress Stress can aggravate symptoms of cybersickness, so managing stress levels through activities like exercise, meditation, or deep breathing is essential. Using Medication In some cases, doctors may prescribe medication to manage cybersickness symptoms. This may include anti-nausea medication or medication to manage symptoms like headaches. “As technology continues to advance, more people will likely be exposed to screens and virtual reality environments, and the risk of cybersickness may increase,” adds Hewlett. “It is important for individuals to be aware of cybersickness symptoms and to take steps to prevent or manage it. Researchers also need to continue studying cybersickness to understand its causes better and develop effective strategies for prevention and management. By working together, we can minimise the negative effects of cybersickness and make technology a safer and more enjoyable experience for everyone.” About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health insurance provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

June 12, 2023

Free hearing screening (online) for all

Hearing loss is an under-diagnosed medical condition that significantly impacts the physical and mental health of those who have any degree of hearing difficulty. Disabling hearing loss is being called the ‘invisible epidemic.’ It affects more than three million South Africans and over 1.5 billion people globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in just two more decades, this number will exceed 2.5 billion. To help create more awareness, Bonitas Medical Fund is offering free online hearing screening for all South Africans. One of the biggest concerns associated with hearing loss when it is not treated properly is the long-term impact it has on the quality of life. Prevention and early detection are important, after all, hearing is the foundation for speech and language development, as well as learning and communication. Which is why Bonitas Medical Fund has introduced an online hearing screener on its website www.bonitas.co.za. ‘We have partnered with hearConnect to make this functionality available to all South Africans,’ says Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer of Bonitas. The online, validated speech-in-noise hearing test uses the latest in audiological technology. This is combined with the highest standards of clinical expertise and available on the website. In just two minutes you can test your hearing status. All you need is access to a computer or your mobile, headphones or ear plugs, a quiet area and then you’re all set to take the test. If the screening test indicates you are experiencing hearing loss, hearConnect is available to guide you through the next steps. ‘Our partnership with hearConnect includes a full audiology benefit management programme for our members. This includes a follow up with ongoing treatment steps if hearing loss is detected.’ The introduction of this programme has also improved audiology benefits for Bonitas members – offering full cover all consultations, tests and treatment needs without any unwanted co-payments. This is subject to the use of an audiologist on the hearConnect Audiology Network, hearConnect treatment protocols and clinical pathways. There are many challenges associated with hearing loss. These include language development that impacts our ability to read, write, spell and concentrate. It affects social skills resulting in isolation, depression, loneliness, cognitive impairment, unemployment and an increased risk of dementia. Hearing loss also has a direct impact on healthcare costs. ‘As a medical scheme we know that patients with untreated hearing loss experience more inpatient stays compared to those without hearing loss,’ says Callakoppen. This has a direct impact on healthcare utilisation costs. There is a 17% increased risk of emergency department visits, readmissions and rate of hospitalisation as well as longer hospital stays.’ What causes hearing loss Hearing loss can come about as you age or as a result of loud noises, illnesses and disease, genetics and trauma (contact sport) can also cause hearing loss. Other factors, such as too much earwax, also reduce your ability to hear. Don’t blast your eardrums Overexposure to loud music – or any loud noises – can be harmful. Research indicates that hearing loss results from a combination of sounds being too loud, listening to loud sounds over an extended period and the frequency of exposure. A BMJ Global Health review recently reported that pumping tunes, listened to via ear buds or even live, could be placing up to 1.35 billion young people at risk of hearing loss worldwide. The gift of hearing ‘Our new ABM programme, with hearConnect, supports our initiative with Gift of the Givers and sponsorship to test over 15 000 learners this year. The learners are from Grade R to Grade 12 at schools in in six areas within KZN,’ explains Callakoppen. ‘This project uses a South African manufactured portable audiometer, called the Kuduwave. It’s a state-of-the-art, medically certified device that has revolutionised the testing and diagnosis of auditory related deficiencies. It combines a headset, audiometer and sound booth into a single, lightweight device, which can be used in just about any location. ‘The combination of the online testing through hearConnect and the Kuduwave means we are able to offer a comprehensive hearing testing solution in South Africa,’ says Callakoppen.

June 12, 2023

All about cholesterol

High cholesterol levels go hand in hand with a number of other factors which fall under chronic conditions. It is often as a result of lifestyle factors. According to the South African Heart and Stroke Foundation, one in four adults in South Africa has high total cholesterol, while 30% have a high LDL level and 50% have low HDL Levels. What does this mean? Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund takes a look at cholesterol: What it is and why it is used, together with other factors like lifestyle and medical conditions, to estimate your risk of cardiovascular disease. And why knowing your LDL and HDL numbers is important in managing your health. What is cholesterol? Cholesterol [kuh·leh·stuh·rol] is a waxy fat-like substance, made in the liver and found in the blood and cells of your body. We all have cholesterol, it is made naturally and helps to form cells, hormones, vitamin D and bile acid (that helps us digest food). What is the difference between bad cholesterol LDL and good cholesterol HDL? LDL is low-density lipoprotein: It is called the ‘bad’ cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries which leads to a greater chance of developing a heart disease HDL is high-density lipoprotein: Is the ‘good’ cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body. However, if someone has high levels of bad cholesterol it means they have too much of this fatty substance in their blood and, over time, this could cause arteries to block and result in a heart attack or stroke. Unfortunately, unlike most medical conditions, high cholesterol can go unnoticed and often doesn’t present any symptoms, unless it’s serious enough to cause problems. What test is used to determine the levels of cholesterol in your body? Called a fasting lipogram, it measures the exact amount of different types of cholesterol you have. The SA Heart and Stroke Foundation maintain that healthy cholesterol levels should be: Total cholesterol: Less than 5.0 mmol/l (millimoles per litre) LDL cholesterol: Less than 3.0 mmol/l HDL cholesterol: Greater than 2.0 mmol/1 If your triglycerides (fat stored in the body) are higher than 1.7mmol/l, this is also indicative of a possible cholesterol problem Dr Mkhatshwa cautions that these are variables for the optimal LDL(bad cholesterol) count, according to your risk profile. ‘If you are very high-risk or high-risk the LDL-C goal is 1.8 mmol/l and 2.5 mmol/l respectively. Your doctor will explain these to you, what they mean and the steps you need to take to reduce your LDL count,’ he says. ‘You can then begin to play an active role in managing your own health.’ How often should you be tested? Most healthy adults should have their cholesterol checked every four to six years. People who have heart disease, diabetes or a family history of high cholesterol, need to get their cholesterol checked more often. What diseases or conditions result from high cholesterol levels? When you have too much ‘bad’ cholesterol in your blood, it can cause narrowing and blockages of the arteries – the blood vessels that carry blood to your heart muscle and to other parts of your body. In time, this narrowing can lead to a heart attack, while blockages in the arteries of your brain can cause a stroke. What kind of illnesses or diseases can cause elevated levels of LDL? People with high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes often have high cholesterol. Some other health conditions that can also cause raised levels of cholesterol include kidney disease and liver disease. What role does genetics play in high cholesterol levels? The medical term for high blood cholesterol is Familial hypercholesterolaemia. It is an inherited condition characterised by higher-than-normal levels of LDL blood cholesterol. It causes up to 10 per cent of early-onset coronary artery disease – heart disease that occurs before the age of 55 years. The cause is a mutation in a gene. Can I lower my genetically high LDL cholesterol? There is no cure for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Treatment aims to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease and heart attack and may include Dietary changes, including reduced intake of saturated fats and cholesterol-rich foods, and increased intake of fibre. Statins are the most common medicine for high cholesterol. They reduce the amount of cholesterol your body makes and you usually need to take them for life. What lifestyle changes can help to lower cholesterol levels? Losing weight Eating a heart-healthy diet: Focus on plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables and whole grains Exercising regularly Not smoking Did you know? One third of adults have high cholesterol No one can live without cholesterol High cholesterol could be genetic Even children can have high cholesterol Sweating can raise your good cholesterol levels Supplements may work to lower cholesterol — but slowly

June 9, 2023

Peaceful nights – When Sleep Patterns change

Just as you get it all right and think you are on the track to having a baby who sleeps through the night, you get one disturbed night of sleep and it sets you back big time! The question is: are there typical times that you should expect nighttime hiccups? 4-6 months old – From birth your baby will slowly and steadily begin to sleep for longer and longer stretches at night and you will have the satisfaction of the occasional longer period of sleep. But just as your baby pieces it together and is almost ‘sleeping through’, he will start to wake more frequently again. This happens as your little one begins to require extra nutrition at night, the milk feeds that used to sustain him are no longer doing so and you have three choices: Breastfeed on cue and meet his demands at night to stimulate your milk supply. In this way your little one will go back to sleep and wake again in 4 hours for another feed. This is a good idea if Your baby is less than 17 weeks You or your baby have confirmed allergies (in which case you should delay introducing a formula or solids) Offer a top up bottle at bedtime or if he wakes shortly after going down Introduce solids – absolutely fine to do any time between 4 and 6 months 8 months old – At around 8 months old, your baby will start waking due to separation reasons or plain ol’ habits. At this age your baby is working hard to establish object permanence – the awareness that you exist when he can’t see you. To decrease the effect of this milestone on sleep: Encourage a sleep soother such as a ‘doodoo blanky’ (Taglet) or dummy that can be used independently. Play separation games during the day – ‘peek a boo’ or hide and seek. Listen to your baby at night before going to him and see if he resettles on his own. If he cries, go to him, give him love and help him settle on his own with a doodoo blanky. Do not be tempted to feed him at night before 2am as this can lead to habits developing. Toddler years – Toddlers are notorious poor sleepers. Your toddler will wander at night and come through to your room. In fact more toddlers co-sleep than newborns, according to recent research! Toddlers call for their parents at night due to night fears and boundary issues. To address this, leave a night light on and encourage your toddler to use a comfort object instead of coming to you. If your toddler repeatedly wanders into your bed at night you have three choices: Repeatedly walk him back to his bed – while this will be exhausting initially, your toddler will eventually learn that night wanders brings no joy. Let him climb into your bed and share a bed with him Find the sense-able middle ground – have a mattress under your bed that he can pull out and sleep on at night – this means your bed remains your own but your toddler has access to you at night.

June 9, 2023

Dealing with anxiety during pregnancy

Pregnancy can be a very happy and exciting time of your life, however, it can also be a time that is very difficult for some expecting moms. This is often made more difficult by the fact that many family and friends expect you to be thrilled, and conflicting emotions are often surrounded by guilt. Your mental health is important, and you shouldn’t expect yourself to snap out of it, or soldier on alone. What is anxiety during pregnancy? It’s natural for an expecting mom to have worries, this is a new and ever-changing part of your life. However, if your anxiety is ever-present, can’t be controlled easily and impact on your daily life it may be time to seek help. Worrying is part of being human, and if you have struggled to conceive or have lost a baby before, it’s very understandable that you may worry about your baby’s health. You may also worry about whether you’ll be a good parent or how your family dynamic will change, and these are all normal worries. But if you find your heart racing, your breathing shallow, obsessively worrying with racing thoughts, feeling restless or struggling to eat or sleep you may have anxiety. Anxiety in pregnancy is fairly normal, and you’re more likely to experience it if you’ve had anxiety in the past, have a high-risk pregnancy or are dealing with huge life stresses. What can I do about it? If you think you may have anxiety during your pregnancy, know that you are not alone or abnormal, as many expecting moms have experienced this. If you’re struggling, the best way forward is not put up with it, but to seek help. Speaking to a psychologist is a good way to start dealing with why you are suffering from anxiety and how you can deal with it. Medication during pregnancy can be tricky but are an option if they’ll benefit you and your babies well being. Staying active, eating healthy and trying to get enough sleep are also ways in which you can help yourself. Talking to others that have gone through pregnancy, or making sure that you rely on your family and partner for support are also ways in which you cope with your feelings and feel less isolated.

June 8, 2023

DIGITAL EYE STRAIN: 5 TIPS FOR RELIEF

According to Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality healthcare, prolonged exposure to digital devices can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms known as digital eye strain, also called computer vision syndrome. In our digital age, many people spend hours staring at screens, whether for work, entertainment, or communication. However, this prolonged exposure to digital devices can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms known as digital eye strain, also called computer vision syndrome. Digital eye strain can affect anyone who uses screens regularly, from young children to older adults. According to the American Optometric Association, around 59% of adults report experiencing symptoms of digital eye strain, which is likely even higher among younger generations who have grown up with digital devices. Symptoms of digital eye strain include: Eye fatigue Dry eyes Blurred vision Headaches Neck and shoulder pain Difficulty focusing Increased sensitivity to light These symptoms can be mild or severe, depending on the individual’s screen use habits, the type of screen used, and other factors such as lighting conditions and posture,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “While digital eye strain is not a serious condition, it can be very uncomfortable and impact the quality of life, productivity, and overall eye health.” Causes of Digital Eye Strain What causes digital eye strain, and how can we prevent or alleviate it? Digital eye strain is caused by several factors related to the use of screens. Blue light: Digital screens emit blue light, a type of high-energy visible (HEV) light that can penetrate deep into the eye and cause damage to the retina. Blue light exposure can also disrupt sleep patterns and circadian rhythms, leading to fatigue and other symptoms. Screen glare: Screens can create glare, especially in bright environments or when the screen is dirty or smudged. This glare can cause eye strain and discomfort. Poor posture: Many people hunch over their screens or hold them too close, which can strain the neck, shoulders, and back, as well as the eyes. Reduced blinking: When we stare at screens, we tend to blink less, which can cause dry eyes and discomfort. Flicker and refresh rates: Some screens can flicker or have a low refresh rate, which can cause eye strain and headaches. 5 Tips for Eye Strain Relief There are various ways to prevent or alleviate digital eye strain. One can adjust screen settings to reduce blue light and glare by changing the brightness, contrast, and colour temperature. The 20-20-20 rule can be followed, taking breaks every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Conscious blinking or artificial tears can also help lubricate the eyes. Positioning screens at a comfortable distance and angle, using appropriate lighting, and reducing screen time can also help. Additionally, blue light filters or glasses can help reduce symptoms of digital eye strain, while regular eye exams can detect and treat underlying eye conditions. In severe cases, prescription glasses or contact lenses may be necessary to correct underlying vision problems contributing to digital eye strain. About Affinity Health Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health insurance provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

June 5, 2023

Three Top Tips to Help Little Ones With Pain and Fever Relief this Winter

Winter brings with it a flurry of sniffles, sneezes, and fevers among kids. As you’re out and about with your little ones, it’s crucial to be equipped for any sudden onset of pain or fever. Here are three top tips to help your children with pain and fever relief this winter: #1 Keep a supply of Panado® Paediatric Syrup sachets handy Panado® Paediatric Syrup sachets are a convenient option for pain and fever relief in children. The active ingredient is paracetamol, which is known to be safe for use in both infants and children.1 The sachets are easy to carry with you wherever you go, making it easy to give your child relief when they need it most. Make sure to follow the recommended dosage instructions on the package and consult your healthcare provider if your child’s symptoms persist. Always administer using a medicine measure or a syringe. Do not exceed the recommended dose. Dosage details can be found at https://panado.co.za/dosage-calculator/ and are calculated according to your child’s age and weight. Add in your child’s age and weight, and our calculator will automatically calculate how much paracetamol you should give your child, and which product is best suited for your child. #2 Dress your child in comfortable layers When your child has a fever, it’s important to keep them comfortable. Dressing them in layers and lightweight fabrics, allows you to adjust their clothing as needed to maintain a comfortable body temperature.2 Opt for breathable fabrics such as cotton, and avoid heavy blankets or clothing that could cause overheating. #3 Encourage rest and hydration Rest and hydration are essential when your child is feeling unwell. Encourage your child to drink plenty of fluids, such as water or diluted fruit juice, to help them stay hydrated.3 With these three top tips, you can help your little ones stay comfortable and manage pain and fever relief this winter. Remember to always consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your child’s health. Panado® provides trusted pain and fever relief, making this Winter so much easier for you and your family to navigate. Other Panado® Products Suitable For Your Child In addition to Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint 5 ml Sachets, Panado’s range for children includes Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Strawberry (50 ml | 100 ml),4 Panado® Paediatric Syrup, Peppermint Alcohol and Sugar-Free (50 ml | 100 ml),5 and Panado® Infant Drops 20 ml.6 Make pain and fever care easy by shopping for Panado products from independent pharmacies and selected Clicks, Dis-Chem, and Pick ‘n Pay stores. For more information, visit https://panado.co.za/ and join the conversations on Facebook. #Panado #ADoseOfCare 2023040410269534 References: Kanabar DJ. A clinical and safety review of paracetamol and ibuprofen in children. Inflammopharmacology. 2017 Feb;25(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s10787-016-0302-3. Epub 2017 Jan 6. PMID: 28063133; PMCID: PMC5306275. Last accessed 27 March 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5306275/ Kids Health. What Can I Do About a Fever (High Temperature)? Last accessed 27 March 2023. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever-sheet.html Medical News Today. What to know about a fever in toddlers. Last accessed 27 March 2023. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/fever-in-toddlers Panado® Paediatric Syrup Strawberry (Syrup). Approved package insert, March 2002. Panado® Paediatric Syrup Alcohol and Sugar-Free / Panado® Paediatric Syrup. Approved package insert, April 2010. Panado® Infant Drops (Drops). Approved package insert, August 1990.

June 5, 2023

THE SNACK REVOLUTION: SMART NUTRITION ON THE GO

Fuel your day with FUTURELIFE®’s new Smart Oats™ Energy Bars In a world where we’re always on the move, finding time to take care of our health and well-being can seem like an impossible task. In between rushing to work, fetching kids, hitting the gym and attending meetings, there’s not always time to sit down to a proper meal. Fortunately, FUTURELIFE®, known throughout South Africa for their nutritional expertise and Smart food™, continues to deliver on their promise of “smart nutrition for life”, and has developed a Smart solution to provide busy individuals with a delicious on-the-go snack, the Smart Oats™ Energy Bar. Scientifically formulated to contain minerals to support immunity, this pocket-sized snack is also convenient and packed with energy. “Given our fast-paced lifestyle nowadays and the expanding role snacking plays, consumers are looking for snacks that will support a healthier lifestyle. Our Smart Oats™ Energy Bars are perfect for busy moms, executives, kids, or anyone looking for a great-tasting, convenient pick-me-up,” says Angela Leach, Head Dietitian at FUTURELIFE®. Angela adds that the bars are formulated with Zinc, Copper, and Selenium, the bars are also high in dietary fibre, contain whole grain oats, and 25% less sugar* making them ideal for the whole family. “We understand that snacking is no longer just a source of nutrition and indulgence but also an expression of personal identity and lifestyle choice. Our goal is to empower people to live healthier and happier lives with functional foods, and the Smart Oats™ Energy Bar allows them to do just that” says Angela. Available in three different variants; Yoghurt Coated, Yoghurt and Berry, and Peanut Butter Chocolate, the Smart Oats™ Energy Bars are available at Shoprite and Checkers stores nationwide, so make sure to grab yours and snack smart with FUTURELIFE®. For more information on FUTURELIFE® and their wide range of great-tasting products, visit https://futurelife.com. *25% less sugar than the leading yoghurt, berry and peanut butter energy breakfast bars in South Africa as at Nielsen November 2022.

June 2, 2023

7 Vital health checks for women

When it comes to healthcare, the focus has moved to preventative managed care and particularly, health checks and screenings. These include tests carried out by a medical doctor to check for diseases and health conditions, even before you may have any symptoms. By detecting diseases early on they are often easier to treat. Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund, talks about the most important check-ups for women. Breast cancer From the age of 18 you should do regular self-examination of your breasts, if you see or feel any changes, consult your doctor immediately. Early detection increases the chance of survival and can save your life. Some doctors recommend having a mammogram every two years from the age of 40 , others believe you only need to start at 50 years of age. A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray which radiologists analyse to look for changes in breast tissue. Although the greatest risk for breast cancer is age, women can get breast cancer from a very early age, genetics also play a role in determining if you are at risk for breast cancer. Having a first-degree relative (mother, sister or daughter) with breast cancer almost doubles a woman’s risk. Having 2 first-degree relatives increases her risk 3-fold. Breast cancer can affect men too, so women with a father or brother who has had breast cancer have a higher risk of breast cancer. Cervical cancer South Africa has a high rate of cervical cancer which has been attributed to the fact that not enough women are screened regularly. Screening can detect early changes in the cervix which can be treated and save your life. These include: Pap test (pap smear) which looks for cell changes (pre-cancers) in the cervix that may progress to cancer if not treated. The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) test. Looks for the virus that causes most cervical cancers It is recommended that between the ages of 21 and 65, women should have a pap smear every two years and, from the age of 30 onwards, a pap smear and HPV test can be done every 5 years. A vaccine has been developed to protect women from getting HPV. It is administered free of charge, annually, to girls between Grade 4 and 7 (9 to 12 years of age) in all government schools. The HPV vaccination can be a cost-effective strategy in lowering the cervical cancer risk among women in South Africa. HIV/AIDS It is a misconception that men predominantly become infected with HIV/AIDS. Studies show that women are getting infected at a faster rate, particularly in developing countries and are both infected more and suffer more, than men. It is advisable for women to have an HIV test annually. Bone Density As you age, your bones become thinner and weaker. Over time this can lead to a condition called osteoporosis. If you’re aged 65 or older a bone density test is recommended, which is covered by Bonitas. Called a DEXA scan, the frequency of this screening varies depending on your bone density and other risk factors. Your doctor may suggest you have this test earlier if you: Broke a bone in the past Have taken steroids for a long time Have rheumatoid arthritis Are underweight Have a parent who has broken a hip after a minor injury Treatment for osteoporosis is readily available, ask your doctor. Colorectal cancer screening These tests look for cancer in the colon or rectum by checking for tissue growths, called polyps. If you don’t have an elevated risk for cancer, then you should start having these tests when you turn 45. A colonoscopy, where the doctor looks at your entire colon, should be done every 3-10 years depending on what is found during your exam. A Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) should happen annually. The FIT is also a screening test for colon cancer which tests for hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of cancer. Skin checks Skin cancer is caused by the abnormal growth of skin cells – usually on the skin that has been exposed to the sun but not always. There are three major types of skin cancer: Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Examine your skin carefully at least once a month and, if you are prone to getting lots of moles, go to a dermatologist and have the moles ‘mapped.’ If skin cancers are found early and treated, they are almost always curable. If you have a history of skin cancer in your family, have your skin checked regularly by a doctor. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Known as lifestyle diseases, NCDs pose some of the biggest threats to the health of South Africans. They are a result of the way we live, combined with genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. The most common are hypertension (or high blood pressure), diabetes, mental health and obesity. It is imperative to have regular or annual checkups as recommended by your doctor. Weight and BMI Almost 70% of women in South Africa are overweight or obese. The Body Mass Indicator (BMI) is used to check if you are a healthy weight. To calculate your BMI: Divide your weight in kilograms (kg) by your height in metres (m) Then divide the answer by your height again Underweight is less than 18.5 and over 30 is considered obese Diabetes With over 4.6 million people in South Africa living with diabetes, it’s important to check your blood glucose. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. They are different conditions but are both serious and need to be treated and managed properly. One of the biggest problems with diabetes is when it remains undiagnosed. This can lead to blindness, heart attackstroke, kidney failure, impotence and amputation, so it’s vital to be checked frequently. Blood pressure Hypertension (high blood pressure) is when blood pressure stays elevated over time. It is often referred to as the ‘silent killer’ since nearly 33% of people who have it,

June 1, 2023

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