Bonitas - Parenting Hub

Reasons why your baby is crying

The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. If your baby is crying, the first step is trying to figure out the reason. Some of the most common reasons why a baby is crying are: Hunger is usually the first thing you should think of – they may give other signs first like rooting, fussing, smacking their lips and putting their hands to their lips. A dirty diaper – many infants don’t like a wet or dirty diaper, so changing their diaper when they cry is a simple thing you can do to help calm them. In need of sleep – babies may not just nod off to sleep when they are tired, they may get fussy and cry, so after feeding and changing diapers you may want to try soothing activities like finding a quiet place, holding them close and rocking them to help them get to sleep. Wanting to be held – babies like to be cuddled, so if you have tried all of the above tips without success it could be that your baby just wants you to hold and cuddle them; also talk in a soft voice or sing softly. Tummy troubles – babies can develop gas pains, colic, constipation, milk allergies and other conditions that make them cry; if this happens often talk with your doctor about ways you can soothe their tummy. Needing to burp – a trapped gas bubble in your baby’s stomach can make them uncomfortable, so if they are crying after a feeding, try burping them to see if that helps. Additional reasons are mentioned in the following tip. Additional reasons why your baby is crying The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. In addition to the reasons mentioned in the previous tip, the following are reasons why your baby may be crying: Temperature troubles – babies will often cry if they are too cold, this may happen when you are changing them or washing them; it can also happen if they are too hot, though this is less common. Little irritations – babies are very sensitive to small discomforts like a hair wrapped around a finger or toe, scratchy clothing or being placed in the wrong position, so look for little discomforts if the big things don’t appear to be the cause of their distress. Teething – newborns don’t have teeth coming in but sometimes their teeth will move around under the gums causing them discomfort; their teeth won’t usually start to come in until they are about 4-7 months; a cold washcloth and gentle pressure on their gums may be soothing. Over stimulation – newborns can’t always process all the things that are going on around them, so if you think your baby may be suffering from too much stimulation take them to a quiet spot away from bright lights, hold them close and soothe them until they can calm down. Not enough stimulation – some babies are outgoing and like to see what’s going on around them, so if you think this is your baby’s issue try carrying them in a sling, front carrier or backpack so they can get the extra stimulation they need. Not feeling well – if you’ve met all your baby’s basic needs and they are still crying and fussy they could be coming down with something, so keep a close eye on them, check their temperature if you think they might have a fever and contact your doctor if needed. Things to try to comfort a crying baby The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Sucking is soothing for a baby and can lower their heart rate and relax their stomach, so give them a pacifier or a clean finger to suck on when nothing else seems to stop their crying. Babies are used to being warm and secure in the womb so when all else fails try imitating that experience by swaddling them and holding them securely or carry them with you in a sling. Some babies respond well to sound and movement, so try putting on some music and dancing with them – gently of course! Try white noise – often babies like noises that mimic the whooshing sounds they heard before they were born, so try running the vacuum cleaner, a fan or the water faucet or use a recording of a water fountain, a gurgling stream or waves. A change of scenery can sometimes help, so dress your baby appropriately and step outside your front door; walk around slowly and talk in a soothing tone. Get them moving – babies like motion so try carrying them around or take them for a ride in the stroller or the car; sometime this will work when nothing else seems to help. Massage may be helpful for some babies – don’t worry about knowing the right movements, just try a soft, gentle massage in a warm place free from drafts. Start all over again – sometimes it’s helpful just to start at the top of the list again; change their diaper, hold them close, feed them if their hungry and see if something works the second time around. If you ever think your baby is in distress because of a health-related issue don’t hesitate to contact your doctor. No question is ever “dumb” if it involves the wellbeing of your baby! Feeling frustrated when a baby won’t stop crying The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Keep in mind that crying won’t hurt your baby, they may just need a release so let them cry. Put your baby down and let

April 25, 2025

Safe cribs and playpens to use when travelling

The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Make sure the mesh is less than 1/4 inch in size so it’s smaller than the buttons on your baby’s clothing. Make sure the mesh is in good repair without any tears, holes or loose threads that your baby can get caught on. Make sure the mesh is fully attached to the top rail and bottom of the bed so there are no holes for the baby to get caught in. Make sure there are no bare, missing or loose staples or nails. When in doubt throw it out – don’t use cribs or bedding that might pose a risk to your baby. It’s your job to keep them safe! Fire safety for home with newborn The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Check your smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors to make sure they have fresh batteries and are in working order – install them in your home if you don’t have them already. Check your fire extinguishers to make sure they are in working order – purchase them if you don’t have one on each floor of your home already. Make sure clothing and bedding meet fire safety standards – information on their fire safety rating should be on labels and tags. Insist that your home be smoke free to prevent your baby’s exposure to second-hand smoke and also as a fire prevention measure since cigarettes are a common cause of home fires. Review or update your fire escape plan to include your new baby – review the plan with everyone in the household. For more information on fire safety visit websites like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Fire safety prevention in home with newborn The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Do a fire safety walk-through of your entire house, check for burnable substances near heat sources, frayed or damaged electrical cords, matches or lighters within reach of children and other situations that may be a fire hazard. Never leave space heaters of any type unattended and turn them off while you are asleep. Never store flammable liquids like paint thinner, charcoal lighter fluid or gasoline in the house and always keep them a safe distance from heat sources. Check all mattresses, bedding and sleep apparel for your baby to make sure they meet fire safety requirements – this information should be on the product label. Early warning of a fire is key to keeping your family safe, so make sure your smoke detectors and fire extinguishers meet local codes and are in working order. Be prepared and have a fire escape plan that is understood by and has been practiced by the entire household, it could save lives in a fire emergency. For more information on fire safety visit websites like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Newborn safety tips The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Never leave your baby alone for even a minute unless they are in a secure place like a crib or playpen. Make sure you follow safe sleep recommendations when putting your baby to bed. When in the car always use a safety approved rear-facing car seat that is specifically made for newborns. Never ever leave your baby alone in a car – be especially careful during warm or cold weather. Always use safety approved car seats, cribs and toys – if they are hand-me-downs or you are buying them used, choose items that still have a safety tag attached and check to make sure they haven’t been recalled. To prevent burns never carry hot liquids or food while you are holding your baby. Pet safety and newborns The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. If you have a dog, know that certain breeds may require extra caution with a newborn – German Shepherds, Rottweilers and Pit Bulls account for more than 50% of fatal dog bites. Always closely supervise infants when in the presence of dogs even if they are not one of the above breeds – they may experience jealousy and have other unexpected reactions to a new member of the household. Keep in mind that some pet reptiles can carry infections, like Salmonella, so keep turtles, snakes and lizards away from children under 5 years of age to prevent the spread of infections. Small pets like rodents should be kept away from newborns and infants to prevent bites or the spread of Salmonella and other possible infections. Other issues: Make sure your pet is healthy – take them to the veterinarian for a check-up and any needed vaccinations before the baby is born. Keep your pet’s nails trimmed. For cats and dogs especially, you may need to work to prepare them for the new member of the family – for example, invite friends with babies over if your pets aren’t used to children – supervise their interactions as they learn about these new additions to their world. New situations can be stressful to pets so be patient and understanding with them as they adjust to the changes in their life – scolding and punishment will only add to their stress. There are many things you can do to ensure a smooth transition, so contact your local Humane Society or other animal-focused organization for additional suggestions on preparing your pets for the arrival of your new baby. Newborns and sun exposure The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of

April 17, 2025

New Dad’s roles

The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Know that it’s normal to have fears – there is no simple way to prepare for parenthood and all new parents (yes Moms too!) have some concerns or fears about their new role. Learn as much as you can about your baby’s daily routine and offer to help out with activities you are comfortable doing. Make “Daddy Time” a special time every day by spending one-on-one time talking, reading or singing to the baby – work with Mom to build these activities into the daily routine. Offer to attend your baby’s doctors’ visits whenever possible – it helps you learn about your baby and provides a second set of ears to hear what the doctor has to say. Be actively involved in providing a safe environment for the baby – help keep an eye out for safety hazards. Make sure your baby is never exposed to second-hand smoke and has a drug free place to live. Be gentle with the baby – never shake your baby or toss them in the air. Be mindful of how you talk and act around the baby – a gentle voice and kind gestures are always best. Support from Mom to Dad The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Ask Mom to teach you to do things you may not know how to do yet – this way you can help out and support her as you learn about your new baby. Once you’re comfortable, offer to watch the baby so Mom can get some extra rest – this gives you time with the baby while supporting Mom as well. Take care of yourself, get regular check-ups and exercise daily – work to stay healthy for the newest member of the family. Set a good example and keep smoking and drugs out of your baby’s home. Talk with Mom about how she feels about herself after her pregnancy – she may need your support and encouragement to resume intimacy and sex since things like her self-image and her body may have changed. Treat Mom to small gifts and simple gestures that tell her that you care about her – these will help her understand that she is still special to you even if she is feeling tired and her self-image has changed. Emotional aspects for Dad The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Especially in the first few weeks after birth, use compassion when dealing with both Mom and baby. They both have just been through a difficult experience and your compassion will go a long way in supporting them as they move into the next part of their journey. You may often find yourself in new and challenging situations where you have the choice to either laugh or cry – choose humour, it helps everyone survive and thrive during challenging times. Life doesn’t always prepare us for our role as a parent so as a new Dad you will often find yourself in new situations with no rulebook – rise to the occasion by using your creativity and imagination to overcome new challenges. Remember that patience is a virtue – this is especially true when you have a newborn, so remember to slow down, take a deep breath and relax before you react to trying situations. Always keep in mind that much of what you are doing in the early days after the birth of your baby is a form of service for both baby and Mom – don’t see it as a negative, rather see it as a time for you to develop a new leadership role as you offer yourself in service to others. Dad comforting a crying baby The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. As a first step, always make sure your baby has been fed and changed and that they are comfortable – if so then go on to the next steps to soothe them. Swaddling: holding a baby close can help them feel more secure, so snuggle them in a soft blanket. Side/Stomach: holding your baby on their side or stomach may help calm them. Shhh: making this noise often helps sooth your baby. Sucking: is very comforting for your baby, so if it’s not feeding time, give them a pacifier to suck on. Swinging: gentle movement is often soothing to a baby, so gently rock them in your arms or put them safely in an infant swing. Remember that even though it may be frustrating, it’s important for you to be patient and gentle with your baby. Use this time to bond with your baby and allow Mom a much-needed break from her role as a caregiver. Getting Dad involved The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Talk with Dad about his thoughts, feelings and concerns regarding his role in caring for your newborn – this will help you understand his comfort level. Get Dad involved in your baby’s care – he may need help in learning how to hold the baby or change diapers so include him in as many of the day-to-day activities as you can. Have Dad help with a night feeding when possible – if you are breast feeding consider pumping a feeding ahead so he can take one feeding for you during the night. Have him talk, read or sing to the baby every day – build these activities into your baby’s daily routine. Involve Dad in doctors’ appointments whenever possible. Ask Dad

April 11, 2025

Don’t let the flu catch you – be informed and prepared

As autumn approaches, so does the flu season. Influenza, also known as ‘flu’, is an acute respiratory illness caused by an infection of the respiratory tract with the flu virus. There are four types of flu viruses: A, B, C and D. Most seasonal outbreaks of flu are as a result of the A and B viruses. Respiratory infections, including flu, can pose serious health risks, especially for vulnerable groups such as young children, the elderly and those with chronic conditions. That’s why Bonitas Medical Fund has created the Respiratory Illness Hub – a go-to resource for all South Africans, addressing everything related to your respiratory health, including flu. From prevention and symptoms to treatment and support, you’ll find all the information you need to take control of your respiratory wellbeing. To find out more, visit www.bonitas.co.za/Respiratory-Hub Let’s face it, flu is extremely unpleasant. Symptoms develop anywhere from 1 to 4 days after infection and last up to a week. Then there is usually a sudden onset of fever, muscle pains, body aches, a dry cough, sore throat, runny nose, headache and feeling tired or unwell. In severe cases, flu can lead to serious complications requiring hospitalisation, with pneumonia being the most common. Annually in South Africa, around 40 000 people are hospitalised due to flu, and the virus is linked to approximately 11 500 deaths per year. ‘The flu viruses are typically in circulation just before the winter months, so the best time to get a flu shot is in early April,’ says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical and Managed Care Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. How is flu spread? The virus is spread from person to person, through inhaling of infected respiratory droplets from sneezing, coughing or talking. You can also be infected by touching objects or surfaces that the flu virus is on and then touching your mouth, eyes or nose. Will the flu vaccine prevent flu? Think of the flu shot as preventive care: While the vaccine won’t always prevent you or your family from getting the flu, it can prevent severe and secondary illnesses related to the flu. Why a flu shot every year? All viruses mutate – meaning the genetic material of the cell changes – but not at the same rate. Some mutate very quickly, including the flu virus. The formula for each year’s vaccine is tailored to the specific type of flu that is circulating. Currently, there are subtype A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) influenza viruses. ‘Which is why we recommend an annual flu vaccine’ says Dr Hadebe. 2025 flu symptoms: Will the flu shot give me flu? No! Flu vaccines are currently made either with flu vaccine viruses that have been ‘inactivated’ and are not infectious or with no flu vaccine viruses at all. Some side effects may occur like redness, tenderness and swelling where the vaccine was given but this is mild and will only last a few days. These are infinitely preferable to a bad case of flu. Who should get a flu vaccine? Everyone should get a flu vaccine but particularly those at higher risk including: Who should NOT have the flu vaccine? What about children – when should I take my child to see a doctor for their symptoms? Reach out to your paediatrician, doctor or clinic within 24 hours of your child displaying flu symptoms, if your child: In general, it’s a good idea to be seen by a medical professional if your child has a fever that has lasted more than 3 days and/or appears dehydrated. Go to the emergency room immediately if your child: How do I keep my child healthy during flu season? The first and best action you can take to keep you and your family safe and healthy during flu season is annual flu vaccines. Dr Hadebe recommends everyone has a flu shot*. He says children can be vaccinated from 6 months of age but recommends you speak to your healthcare worker about when to start vaccinating against flu. How can I prevent spreading the flu? There are several ways you can reduce the risk of spreading flu if you are ill: Dr Hadebe says, ‘Flu can lead to various complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, ear infections and worsening of chronic medical conditions like asthma or heart disease. Complications are more common in high-risk groups.’ ‘Flu viruses spread very quickly from person to person’, he says. ‘Even if the flu vaccine is not 100% effective, it will reduce your risk of getting flu, and if you do get it, it will be a great deal milder.’ Remember your GP should always be your first port of call *All Bonitas beneficiaries qualify for 1 flu vaccine per year. *Elderly members, aged 65 years and over, qualify for 1 pneumococcal vaccine every 5 years.

April 4, 2025

Postpartum bleeding – what is normal?

Giving birth to your baby after 9 months can be a relieving, beautiful and exciting experience. Postpartum your body will still be going through adjustments for a while, and as you care for your new baby, you’ll need to remember to take care of yourself as well. Postpartum bleeding, also known as lochia, is normal after both vaginal and c-section births, however, it is best to know what is and isn’t common in post birth bleeding. Normal postpartum bleeding Lochia is similar to menstruation in the way in which it is made up of blood and tissue, it’s just heavier and longer lasting – it should stop between 4 and 6 weeks after giving birth. Initially, your bleeding will be heavy. This first phase of postpartum bleeding is known as lochia rubra and you’ll experience this in the first 3 to 4 days. Bleeding will be red to reddy brown and you may have small clots. In the next few days after birth your lochia will decrease in volume. Lochia serosa lasts 4 to 10 days and during this period your blood will darken in colour and become more watery. Blood clots should get smaller and disappear. Finally you’ll experience lochia alba, which usually lasts about another 1 to 2 weeks, but can be up to 28 days. Discharge will be yellowy white in colour, you may see pinkish or brown stains on some days. There should be no smell other than what you would experience during a normal period – a strong odor can be a sign of an infection. When to reach out to your doctor Even though lochia is normal, if you are bleeding heavily this can indicate that you have a postpartum haemorrhage. If your bleeding is heavy a week after birth, you experience fever or chills, a tender abdomen or foul-smelling discharge, you’ll need to seek medical assistance.

March 28, 2025

Shining the spotlight on TB

Worldwide, TB has returned to being the world’s leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. This followed three years in which it was replaced by Covid-19. It is also the leading killer of people with HIV/AIDS and a major cause of deaths related to antimicrobial (in TB’s case antibiotic resistance.) Each year, we recognise World TB Day on March 24. This annual event commemorates the day, in 1882, when Dr. Robert Koch announced his discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus (bacteria) that causes tuberculosis (TB). What is TB? It’s a disease that mainly affects the lungs but can also be found in any other body organ. It is caused by an organism (germ) called Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is found in the sputum coughed up by someone with TB of the lungs. It usually destroys the soft tissue of the lungs, resulting in difficulty breathing and blood can be coughed up in severe cases. If untreated, TB can cause death. World stats About a quarter of the global population is estimated to have been infected with TB, 5 -10% display symptoms and develop the disease. Yes, it’s curable ‘It is important to remember that TB is curable, says Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical and Managed Care Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund. ‘However, we all need to be more aware of how contagious it is, the symptoms, the importance of getting medical attention and sticking to the treatment programme.’ Where is the highest incidence of TB? TB is the leading cause of death, from a single infectious agent, with over 25% of these occurring in the African region. Multi-drug-resistant strains, which do not respond to first-line antibiotics, continue to emerge, putting at risk public health strategies which aim to reduce incidence and mortality. Tackling TB head on The South African National Strategic Plan (NSP) aims to control the spread of TB, with an ambitious goal of zero new TB infections and deaths by 2032. Clinical data from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that there are still too many people falling ill and dying. ‘TB also has a big impact on the economy, not only in terms of healthcare expenses but lost productivity due to absenteeism and the direct and indirect costs to business,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘We know that not everyone has access to private medical care but public healthcare facilities offer free testing and treatment. The most effective testing method is a sputum sample or a chest x-ray. How is TB contracted? The disease is passed on from one person to another as germs spread into the air via microscopic droplets if an infected person sneezes, coughs or releases saliva. The incubation period is 6 weeks. Stop it before it starts TB preventive therapy (TPT) is a course of medication that reduces the risk of developing TB disease. It’s a critical public health measure in South Africa, where TB and HIV are prevalent. How does TPT work? TPT eliminates the TB bacteria before they can damage organs and cause illness but is only effective if given when there is no active TB disease. Can you have TB and not be sick? Yes, TB can be ‘latent’ – it’s in your body but not active. This means you can’t spread it but, if your immune system becomes weak, (for example with HIV/AIDS), TB can become active. What are the symptoms? It is important to note that TB is particularly difficult to diagnose in children but the symptoms can present as a cough for two weeks or more, loss of energy and appetite and quite often a mild fever. Who is most at risk? People living with HIV/AIDS, living in the same house as someone who has had or has TB, anyone who has had active TB in the last two years, pregnant women, children under five, iabetics, people in informal settlements, undernourished people, alcoholics, smokers, mineworkers and prisoners Treating TB Medication must be started as soon as possible and be taken regularly. It takes six months for TB to be cured completely but, within two weeks of starting treatment, you are no longer contagious. If treatment is missed, the risk of a drug-resistant strain of TB is possible, which is difficult to treat and requires a longer treatment period. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat. Only about two in five people with drug resistant TB accessed treatment in 2023. What can you do? TB in the workplace If any employees or co-workers display TB symptoms, they should stay home and limit contact with others until the results from a TB test are known. Once a person has been on TB treatment for 2 weeks, they are no longer infectious and can continue to work. Dr Hadebe says, ‘If you are concerned about your health or have been exposed to TB, you must get tested urgently.’

March 20, 2025

The First Signs of Labour

If you’re expecting your first baby you’ve probably read up a little (or a lot) on pregnancy and birth process. Labour is something you’ve probably wondered about and seeing as every pregnancy is different, many moms experience different labour signs. However, there are a few tell-tale signs to look out for that you are about to meet your new baby soon. What to look (or feel) out for You may be worried that you won’t distinguish normal late pregnancy signs from the fact that you’ve started labour. Luckily your due date should give you an indication of when you could expect your baby to arrive, but this won’t always be the case. Here are some indicators that your baby is on the way. One of the more obvious signs of labour beginning is regular contractions. This will be different to the Braxton Hicks contractions you may have been experiencing leading up to this point. Labour contractions are longer, stronger and more frequent – when they come every 5 minutes you should call your doctor or midwife. Another sign your baby is on her way is your cervix dilating or beginning to open. This can start happening in the days or weeks before you deliver. Your baby will also move down into your pelvis during this time – which is known as your baby dropping. When your labour begins, the mucus plug which seals your cervix opening comes away. This jelly-like pink mucus is known as a show, and you may notice it when it passes out your vagina. Lower back pain, diarrhoea and looser feeling joints are all other signs that your labour may be starting. Another sign is your water breaking, this can happen in a gush but a trickle is more likely, most moms-to-be go into labour within 24 hours of their water breaking. Be sure to keep your birth partner in the loop about how you are feeling mentally and physically around the time of your birth. If you are at all worried about your baby or experience anything abnormal be sure to let your doctor know as soon as possible.

March 20, 2025

When it’s not flu’….

While the ‘official’ flu season may still be a month or two away, reports indicate a rise in respiratory illnesses like the flu, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), suggesting an early start to the respiratory virus season, with these viruses circulating earlier than usual. Respiratory infections can pose serious health risks, especially for vulnerable groups such as young children, the elderly and those with chronic conditions. That’s why Bonitas Medical Fund has created the Respiratory Hub – a go-to resource for members and non-members -talking about all things related to your respiratory health. From prevention and symptoms to treatment and support, you’ll find all the information you need to take control of your respiratory wellbeing. www.bonitas.co.za/Respiratory-Hub. Respiratory illnesses that are NOT flu and for which there is no vaccine What are the most common? Dr Themba Hadebe, the Clinical and Managed Care Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund says, ‘both RSV and HMPV are being detected at increasing rates, potentially indicating a broader respiratory illness surge and are more common in young children and older adults.’ Are these respiratory diseases restricted to the winter months? Studies show that in temperate regions, HMPV mainly spreads in late winter and spring, at the same time as other common respiratory viruses such as seasonal flu and RSV. RSV is highly contagious and the season in South Africa usually runs from February to May. However, it continues to spread at lower levels and can make some people sick all year around. According to The World Health Organization (WHO), it spreads like other common cold viruses do, through infectious respiratory particles that circulate through the air. This means you can catch the virus when you are in contact with a sick person or sharing a closed space with them. You can also get infected by touching contaminated surfaces like doorknobs or handles and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Why are these viruses a concern? Early increases in respiratory viruses can put added strain on healthcare systems, especially for vulnerable populations like young children and older adults. Symptoms Coughing, wheezing, runny nose, sore throat, fever, fatigue, muscle pain, loss of taste or smell and breathing difficulties. Who’s at risk? Children under 5, adults over 65 and people with weakened immune systems. While anyone can catch HMPV and RSV, infants, older adults and those with health conditions like immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are at higher risk for severe illness. Extra care should be taken to protect at-risk groups and health care workers from any respiratory infections. How to prevent getting them How are they treated? Is there medical prevention? At the moment no. Two new RSV prevention strategies are being considered for licensing and use in South Africa, namely nirsevimab and a maternal RSV vaccine. Dr Hadebe says, it is the time of the year to take precautions against all respiratory diseases. ‘Not only do these respiratory diseases make you feel ill and put added strain on the healthcare system but they can compromise your long-term health. Prevention is always best, so we urge you to follow the guidelines to avoid contracting any of these viruses and also to have a flu vaccine. While the vaccine won’t always prevent you or your family from getting the flu, it can prevent severe and secondary illness related to the flu.’ For more health tips and resources on respiratory illnesses, visit the Respiratory Hub on the Bonitas website: www.bonitas.co.za/Respiratory-Hub Remember: Your GP or clinic is your first healthcare port of call.

March 18, 2025

Premature birth – what to expect

Expecting a baby is an exciting time of your life, and you want to make sure that you do as much as you can to make sure your new child is as healthy as possible. Premature birth is something you want to try to avoid or manage as carefully as possible. In many cases the cause is unknown, and according to The World Health Organisation, one in ten babies are born preterm. A birth is considered premature when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy. The final few weeks in the womb are important to your baby’s full development, so being born prematurely can lead to longer hospital stays, short term, and long term complications. Why does it happen? Some of the more common risk factors which contribute to preterm births are having had a premature birth before, you’re pregnant with twins/multiples or you have issues with your uterus or cervix. However, often the cause of preterm birth often can’t be identified. Your health is also a factor that impacts on your likelihood to have your baby prematurely. Smoking during your pregnancy (which is not recommended), diabetes, high blood pressure (which can develop into preeclampsia) and being over or under weight are all potential premature birth causes. To try and avoid preterm birth you can talk to your doctor about any existing health issues, such as depression, diabetes or high blood pressure) before getting pregnant – this way you can manage any problems with a treatment plan. Waiting 12 months between pregnancies and eating healthy (making sure that you get the correct prenatal vitamins needed) can also help prevent premature birth. What if my baby is born preterm? If your baby is born prematurely they are at risk for long and short term complications. Many preterm babies lead completely healthy lives, however, the more premature and underdeveloped your baby is when they are born, the more likely they are to have issues. If your baby is born prematurely they may be put into a neonatal intensive care unit into an incubator. Some babies will spend longer in the unit than others, this all depends on when they are able to live without medical support.

March 3, 2025

Smoking and pregnancy – should I quit

If you’re an avid smoker you’re probably wondering if being pregnant means you should wave your smoking habits goodbye. Unfortunately, even if your health isn’t enough for you to stop, your baby’s health should be. What can happen to my baby if I keep smoking? Smoking during your pregnancy is harmful to your unborn baby. The chemicals in cigarettes are both damaging to you and your baby; nicotine and other harmful poisons increase the risk of health problems for unborn babies. Second hand smoke, vaping and e-cigarettes are all still damaging to your baby’s health and should also be avoided (or quitted). You may need to designate your house a non-smoking area, and ask any friends and colleges not to smoke around you. So what exactly does smoking do to your unborn baby? Smoking lowers the amount of oxygen available to your growing baby and nicotine damages the baby’s brain and lungs. Smoking can make it harder to conceive, and if you do fall pregnant, can lead to miscarriages or stillbirth. Babies can be born premature, have a low birth weight, or be born with birth defects. Smoking during pregnancy can also affect your baby’s health after they are born, leading to cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, asthma and other respiratory problems and infections. Help – I am really struggling to quit! Even if you have decided that quitting is in both of your best interests, this may be easier said than done. If you are pregnant already it is best to quit without using any medication, as this is healthier for you and your baby. You also won’t be able to transition to vaping or e-cigarettes, as these too, are harmful and usually contain nicotine, which is damaging to health. In order to quit for good, try avoid the triggers that make you want to smoke, and try find something else that you can do when the craving kicks in. Get the support of your family and friends, or join a stop-smoking group or self help plan. Whatever your plan is to stop, you can be sure that both you and your child’s health will benefit from it.

March 3, 2025

Neonatal jaundice, what is it and what happens if my baby is born with it?

Jaundice is a yellow discolouration of a baby’s eyes and skin and is fairly common in newborn babies. Although it may be alarming to you to see your newborn baby with a slightly yellowish tint, thankfully, most cases of jaundice are considered normal and will go away on their own. You may be wondering why your baby may be born with this condition, or what treatments are available if your little-one has jaundice – read on, we outline the causes and common treatments thereof. Why would my baby have neonatal jaundice? Babies are born with neonatal jaundice when they have excess levels of unconjugated bilirubin in their blood. Bilirubin is a yellowy substance which comes from the breakdown of red blood cells, however, baby’s livers sometimes can’t break this substance down fast enough, giving their eyes and skin a yellow tint. When your baby is born they will be checked for jaundice, as high levels of bilirubin can lead to more serious problems. A baby is more likely to get neonatal jaundice if they are born premature, have a different blood type to their mother or are being breastfed. Babies who are breastfed can develop jaundice if they don’t get enough breastmilk, due to trouble feeding. What happens if my baby has neonatal jaundice? If your baby has jaundice, this will typically be seen in the second or third day of being born. Sometimes jaundice will go away on its own and other times it will need to be treated. If your baby is struggling to breastfeed it’s important that he be breastfed more often, or even receive formula as a supplement during this time. Phototherapy (light therapy) can also be used to help your baby. Light can turn the bilirubin into a form that can easily pass out the body. If the jaundice is very bad, your baby may receive a blood transfusion which will quickly lower bilirubin levels.

February 24, 2025

Breastfeeding tips

Symptoms you may experience when not breastfeeding The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Care for your breasts when not breastfeeding The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Try ice packs on your breast for 15-20 minutes at a time. If ice doesn’t help, try using a warm washcloth on your breasts. Wear a well-fitting bra that is not too tight. Let your baby nurse at your breasts for a few minutes at a time. Ask your doctor about methods to help release a small amount of milk from your breasts, which may relieve some of the discomfort. Contact your doctor if you have any questions or concerns or you develop chills, or a fever and your breasts are still uncomfortable and swollen after 1-2 days. Benefits of breastfeeding The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Breastfeeding is a skill and can take time to learn; don’t get discouraged if it’s not easy for you at first. Breastfeeding educators are available and can be helpful in overcoming some of the hurdles. Choosing to breastfeed your child provides many benefits for both you and your baby. Some of these include: How to breastfeed The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Some simple tips on how to breastfeed: Keeping your breasts healthy The following information is to be used as a guide to and at the discretion of the end-user and should not replace a doctor’s opinion. Keeping your breasts healthy during breastfeeding is important. Here are some things to watch for:

February 17, 2025

All about epilepsy

It’s not surprising that Lavender is recognised as the international flower of epilepsy. Said to symbolise isolation and loneliness, often associated with epilepsy. National Epilepsy Week is celebrated from 10-16 February this year, its purpose: To create awareness about epilepsy and support the rights and well-being of individuals with epilepsy. Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Managed Care Executive with Bonitas Medical Aid, discusses the causes, types, treatment and misdirected social stigma around epilepsy. ‘Epilepsy is the most common chronic brain disease,’ says Dr Hadebe, ‘it affects an estimated 50 million people worldwide – across all ages, cultures and backgrounds. In South Africa, 1 in every 100 people have epilepsy. As we mark the significance of epilepsy globally, it is vital to explore this brain condition, including addressing the social challenges and stigma around the disease.’ He says, ‘despite its prevalence, many people suffering from epilepsy – especially in low and middle-income countries do not receive the treatment or understanding they need.’ What is epilepsy? It’s characterised by recurring seizures, which occur when there is excessive electrical discharge in a group of brain cells. Dr Hadebe says, ‘While seizures can range from mild lapses in awareness to severe convulsions with loss of consciousness, the frequency and severity of episodes can vary widely. Although one seizure does not constitute epilepsy, people who experience two or more unprovoked seizures are diagnosed with the condition.’ In high-income countries, treatment access is more readily available but the disease remains a challenge, due to misdiagnosis and the persistence of stigma, making life difficult for those affected. It is also worth noting that up to 70% of people living with epilepsy could become seizure-free with proper diagnosis and treatment. Yet, an estimated 90% of people in some low-income countries remain untreated. This gap in access is worsened by a lack of trained healthcare providers in these areas. Causes of epilepsy There are a number of causes, including: Types of seizures There are focal seizures, which start in one part of the brain and generalised seizures, which affect both sides of the brain. Focal seizures Simple focal seizures: The person remains conscious and may experience unusual sensations, such as strange tastes or visual disturbances. Complex focal seizures: These may impair consciousness or awareness and may involve repetitive movements such as hand-wringing or lip-smacking. Generalised seizures Tonic-clonic seizures: Involve stiffening of the muscles followed by rhythmic jerking movements, often accompanied by loss of consciousness. Absence seizures: Brief lapses in awareness, often misinterpreted as daydreaming. Myoclonic seizures: Sudden, jerky movements that can affect the limbs or entire body. Atonic seizures: Sudden loss of muscle tone, which may cause falls or head drops. The impact of seizures The impact on an individual’s life can extend beyond the physical symptoms. People living with epilepsy often experience higher rates of mental health disorders, particularly anxiety and depression. In fact, the risk of premature death for people with epilepsy is up to three times higher than the general population, with the greatest risks found in low-income countries. Treatment and care Although epilepsy is a lifelong condition, seizures can often be controlled with medication. ‘The primary treatment for epilepsy is the use of antiseizure drugs and, for up to 70% of individuals, these drugs can lead to seizure-free living’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘In some cases, when medication fails, additional options like surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, or responsive neurostimulation can help manage seizures.’ Many countries lack affordable antiseizure medications and healthcare workers may not have the training necessary to accurately diagnose and treat epilepsy. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) efforts to bridge this gap include training primary healthcare providers in diagnosing and treating epilepsy, which has already proven effective in pilot projects in countries like Ghana and Myanmar. Prevention An estimated 25% of epilepsy cases are preventable. Preventing traumatic brain injuries, improving perinatal care, reducing the incidence of stroke and infections and addressing health conditions like hypertension and diabetes, can help lower the incidence of epilepsy. In tropical regions, eliminating parasitic infections like neurocysticercosis is also critical for reducing the burden of epilepsy. The impact of diet on epilepsy management Diet can play a supportive role in managing epilepsy. The ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate eating plan, has been shown to significantly reduce seizure frequency in both children and adults. It works by promoting a metabolic state called ketosis, where the body burns fat for energy instead of carbohydrates, which can help stabilise brain activity. For individuals who do not respond well to the ketogenic diet, alternatives like the Modified Atkins Diet or the Low Glycaemic Index Treatment (LGIT) can also be effective. In addition, ensuring adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium may help support brain function and reduce the risk of seizures. More research is needed to understand the impact of diet on epilepsy, but these dietary strategies offer an important complementary approach to medical treatment. Social stigma and Human Rights Dr Hadebe says, the stigma surrounding epilepsy is a significant barrier to care. ‘Many people with epilepsy suffer discrimination, whether in the form of myths about epileptics, workplace bias or limitations on their legal rights. The problem is so pronounced that Epilepsy South Africa’s hashtag is #StampOutStigma. In some countries, people with epilepsy face challenges in obtaining marriage licenses, employment or even the ability to drive. ‘Addressing these issues requires improved public education, along with legislation that protects the rights of people with epilepsy and ensures they receive equal treatment in all aspects of life.’ Epilepsy remains a global health issue that impacts millions of lives, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The international community, with organisations like WHO leading the charge, continue to work towards reducing the global burden of epilepsy. By recognising the causes, types and treatment options available and addressing the social stigma, we can create a more inclusive world for people living with epilepsy. It is time to bring epilepsy out of the shadows and into the light of understanding, compassion and care.

February 12, 2025

Talking about HPV, cervical and the HPV vaccine

As the Department of Health gears up for the first round of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccinations for girls between 9 and 14 from February 3 to March 28, we put the spotlight on HPV and cervical cancer. The focus is on: Empowering, Preventing and Early Detection of cervical cancer. It’s important because cervical cancer kills more South African adolescents and women aged 15 to 44 than any other cancer. It can be successfully treated, if caught early enough but it’s far better to prevent it in the first place. Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical and Managed Care Executive at Bonitas, provides some insights and important information about cervical cancer – caused by persistent infection with HPV – whyit is essential to screen for the virus and the vaccination that can help prevent it. Why a vaccine against HPV? HPV infects the cells of the cervix and, in some cases, the virus can persist – leading to abnormal changes in the cells that may eventually become cancerous. Over 99% of all cervical cancers are caused by persistent infection of high-risk types of HPV, including HPV-16 and HPV-18. ‘To help prevent cervical cancer, we have expanded our preventative care benefits to include the HPV vaccine across all plans,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘As recommended by The World Health Organization (WHO), this is 2 doses for females aged 9 to 14 years and 3 doses for females aged 15 to 26 years, per lifetime’. Screening for HPV and cervical cancer: Screening is essential to mitigate the risk of developing cervical cancer and aims to identify cervical cell changes and detect early cervical cancers before they cause symptoms. Two screening tests help with detection: It is recommended that between the ages of 21 and 65, women should have a pap smear every two years and, from the age of 30 onwards, a pap smear and HPV test should be done every 5 years. Signs and symptoms: The symptoms of the HPV virus can include: Lesions on the genital area as well as darker lesions on other parts of the body, to painful bumps on your upper limbs and skin growths on the balls of the feet and heels. The power of prevention: ‘Talk to your daughter about important lifestyle choices she must make’, says Dr Hadebe. ‘These may be uncomfortable conversations to have but they’re vitally important to protect her from HPV and subsequent diseases.’ Discussion points include the fact that the HPV vaccination is her best opportunity for protection from the virus. In addition, she needs to consider the following: If you develop cervical cancer: Just like other cancers, cervical cancer is graded according to severity. From in situ, which means it hasn’t spread to nearby tissue, through stage one (it’s still in the original organ and small). If it progresses, it spreads to the surrounding lymph nodes and, in the most severe form, the cancer has metastasised to surrounding tissues and other lymph nodes. As cervical cancer develops, the following may occur: ‘Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women after breast cancer,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘Yet it has a good chance of being cured, if diagnosed at an early stage and treated promptly. Which is why, it’s important to have regular pap smears to detect any changes in the cervix and to vaccinate young girls to protect them against possible HPV infection.’ Additional information on cervical cancer and HPV can be found on the Bonitas website: www.bonitas.co.za or the Department of Health https://www.health.gov.za

February 11, 2025

Symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD) and to deal with it

Symphysis pubis dysfunction or SPD is pain in your pelvis, which is caused by the relaxing of ligaments in the pelvic bones too early before birth. Many aspects of pregnancy can cause discomfort, and SPD is one of them. Here are the signs of SPD and what you can do if you think you to alleviate your discomfort if you are suffering from it. What is SPD and what causes it? Not all moms-to-be will experience SPD but it is thought to be fairly common in pregnancy. SPD is a pain in the symphysis pubis (which can range from moderate to serve) caused by the relaxing and stretching of the ligaments around the pelvic bone. Pain can be brought on by opening your legs, walking up stairs or even turning over in bed, and this may be accompanied by a clicking/grinding sensation in the pubic area. The cause of SPD in pregnancy is the hormone relaxin, aptly named as it relaxes your joints and ligaments to make it easier for your baby to come out at birth. SPD happens when these hormones come into play too early. Not only that but you’re shifting centre of as your baby grows, which can cause main in your lower back and pelvis as your body shifts to accommodate your little one. What can I do to relieve SPD Living with SPD can be uncomfortable at best, so you may be wondering what you can do to help alleviate some pain. Being fit before pregnancy can help, as stronger glute and abdominal muscles can help support your pelvis. Physiotherapy can help manage SPD pain, as a physio will be able to work with you as your pregnancy and pain levels change. Speak to your doctor first, as they may have recommendations for you. Your pelvis should return to normal between 4 and 12 weeks after birth.

February 10, 2025

Staying healthy during your pregnancy

Welcoming a new addition to the family is exciting but also a little daunting. Parents are anxious to make sure everything is done correctly to ensure the best start for their little one. Part of this preparation is also maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet, during the pregnancy, crucial for both the mother and developing baby. Dr Themba Hadebe of Bonitas Medical Fund says that what you eat during your pregnancy, directly affects foetal development. ‘A diet rich in vitamins, minerals and other key nutrients can help ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome. Proper nutrition supports the development of your baby’s brain, bones and organs. It also aids in building the placenta, which supplies the baby with oxygen and nutrients.’ He advises eating a balance diet that includes a variety of food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains and healthy fats. Each offers unique benefits that support both maternal health and foetal growth. What foods should I be eating? Bearing in mind that you may feel nauseous in the beginning and not be able to eat certain foods and may have cravings for others, as far as possible try to follow a balanced diet, rich in nutrients. Foods you should include in your diet are dairy products, such as milk and yoghurt, as they provide extra protein, calcium and probiotics. Legumes, such as lentils and soybeans, are other good foods to include as they contain protein, fibre and folate, which is particularly important during pregnancy. Sweet potatoes, which are high in vitamin A and fibre, are also a good addition to your shopping list. Other wholesome foods include eggs, broccoli, lean meat and berries. ‘During pregnancy your vitamin and mineral needs will change,’ say Dr Hadebe. ‘And although a heathy diet should supply most of the vitamins and minerals needed, often healthcare professionals suggest prenatal vitamins as a good way to supplement and cover nutritional gaps, even though they don’t replace a healthy lifestyle and diet.’ What vitamins and minerals are essential and why? Folic Acid: Or folate helps prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and supports the development of the baby’s brain and spine. Iron: Supports healthy growth and helps prevent anaemia by ensuring that blood (in both mom and baby) carries oxygen effectively. Iron-rich foods like lean meats, beans and spinach can help but most pregnant women need an iron supplement to meet the increased demands. Calcium: Calcium supports the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. If the mother’s calcium intake is inadequate, the baby will draw from the mother’s stores, potentially weakening her bones. Dairy products and leafy greens are great sources of calcium. Vitamin D: Aids in calcium absorption and supports the baby’s bone health. Exposure to sunlight and foods like fortified dairy and fatty fish (salmon, mackerel) can help ensure adequate vitamin D levels. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These essential fats, found in fatty fish, like salmon and also flaxseeds, support the baby’s brain and eye development. Omega-3s can also help reduce the risk of preterm birth. Vitamin C: Helps with iron absorption and boosts the immune system. It can be found in citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers and broccoli. Iodine: Essential for the production of thyroid hormones that regulate the development of the foetal brain and nervous system. You will need more iodine than usual when you’re pregnant or breastfeeding. Iodine can be found in dairy products, eggs and seafood. ‘Getting the correct micronutrients is essential for a healthy pregnancy and best possible development of your baby,’ says Dr Hadebe. ‘Deficiencies can lead to complications such as hypertension and low birth weight which is why prenatal supplements are often prescribed. However, it is important not to exceed the recommended dosages. Consult your doctor or gynae before starting any supplements, they will help determine the appropriate dose for your individual needs.’ In additional to a balanced diet, Dr Hadebe also recommends you exercise regularly – it’s a great way to stay in shape, boost your mental health and releases ‘feel good’ endorphins. In addition to maintain a healthy lifestyle, cut out alcohol and nicotine, cut down on caffeine and find way to manage your stress levels. As part of the Bonitas Maternity Programme the scheme allows its members R195* per month for antenatal vitamins during pregnancy. *Plan dependant.

February 3, 2025

Working and Pregnancy – When to Stop and How Much Is Enough

As an expecting mom with a career you may be wondering when the best time would be to stop working and how you can stay comfy and productive when you are still in the workplace. Morning sickness, back pain, frequent bathroom breaks and other pregnancy related symptoms can make working as you used to a more challenging task for you. It’s important that you calculate the risks that your job could possibly have to you and your baby. For instance if you are working with chemicals, heavy metals or radiation you’ll need to either stop working or take extra precautions. Heavy lifting or labour intensive jobs and lots of travel for work are also jobs that’ll become more difficult as your pregnancy progresses. Desk work and computer work are generally regarded as safe, whereas jobs that require lots of standing will become more difficult in later pregnancy. Dealing with work and pregnancy Working can be stressful without having a growing baby in your belly. The physical and emotional changes that you experience can make meeting your body’s and workplaces’s demands a challenging task. However, some moms with healthy pregnancies are able to work almost until they go into labour, how much you can do will depend on your pregnancy. Morning sickness is something many moms have to deal with. There are ways you can help manage nausea at work. Avoiding dining areas, packing mouthwash and a toothbrush and packing in soothing lemon and ginger are all things you can do to make yourself more comfortable. Eating and drinking little and often can also help keep the nausea at bay. Be sure to dress comfortably, and try to take frequent breaks and walks, as this’ll also help you stay more comfortable. What rights am I entitled to as an expecting mom in South Africa? As a pregnant employee, you are probably wondering what rights you’re entitled to. It is a good idea to inform your employee as soon as you can, so that your employer can manage the situation as best as they can (for both of you) – they are required by law to maintain a work environment that is safe for their employees. As an expecting mom, you will be glad to hear that you’re well protected under South African law – you may not be discriminated against or dismissed due to your pregnancy. You also have the right to four consecutive months unpaid maternity leave, anytime from four weeks before your expected birth date. Unfortunately employees are not obligated to pay you during this period, however, your job will be kept open for you until your return to work after maternity leave.

February 3, 2025

Should I be exercising while pregnant, and if so, how much?

For most exercise is a part of life, so it is natural to want to keep active for as long as possible while pregnant. You may wonder how much exercise you can keep doing as your baby develops, and what routine changes you’ll need to make as your baby grows bigger. If you have a complicated pregnancy or are dealing with a weak cervix, a low placenta or suffering from a heart condition, diabetes or asthma, it is best to consult with a doctor or health professional before putting together a pregnancy exercise plan. What are the benefits of exercise during pregnancy Improving overall health and wellness, exercise is a vital part of keeping you feeling your best and can help with backache caused by pregnancy, as well as prepare you for labour and delivery. If you were active before your pregnancy, you should be able to keep training with modifications made to your program. Exercises that are low impact and carry small risk of injury are best and you should be able to remain active until birth. Exercising during pregnancy can help boost your mood and energy levels, improve muscle tone, strength and lessen back pain. Exercise can also help reduce fatigue and stress, as well as help improve your sleep, all of which helps make your pregnancy easier on your body and mind. Staying fit can also help shorten your post delivery recovery time, however, getting back into exercise postpartum can be difficult and you should avoid pushing yourself too hard in the beginning. Exercising during pregnancy isn’t only good for your overall wellness, but studies show that it can also improve your baby’s health. What type of exercise should I be doing? During pregnancy it is important to keep tabs on how your body is feeling. If you have been exercising frequently pre-pregnancy it should be fine to continue to do so in moderation, however, if something feels strange or uncomfortable it is best to consult a health practitioner. Swimming, prenatal yoga and pilates, walking and water aerobics are all exercises that you can focus on during your pregnancy. Water activities are good as they give you buoyancy and put very little strain on your body, especially when you are close to giving birth. If you were an avid runner before, you should be able to continue into pregnancy with some alterations to your program. Exercise to avoid High impact sports with a risk of falling should be avoided. These include horse riding, mountain biking, downhill skiing. Contact sports, such as rugby, kickboxing and soccer are also preferable to avoid as there is a risk of being hit. Scuba diving is a big no-no as the baby has no protection against decompression sickness.

January 27, 2025

Preparing your home for your baby

Waiting for you baby to arrive is both exciting and nerve wrecking. In order to mentally prepare yourself and your family, you can start getting your home ready for the newest addition of your household. The urge to get your home ready for your baby is also known as nesting, and it’ll normally happen near the end of your third trimester. If you are ready to start spring cleaning, here are some tips on how best to organise your home for little one. Have everything ready for your return from the hospital When you and your baby return from hospital you’ll probably be feeling tired and sore, so making sure your home is ready before you go into labour is a good idea. Food prep, cleaning and buying home supplies are all things that’ll become more difficult with a newborn. Meal prepping, having a stocked baby changing table and home essentials stock piled will all be things you’ll be glad to have done beforehand. Baby proofing your home Baby proofing your home can ideally start up to 3 months before your due date, as this will give you time for any projects that may take slightly longer. Cover all electrical sockets, get safety latches for cabinets and get rid of any loose or dangling cords. Not only can you take your time prepping your home, but you can also make sure that you are ready with baby essentials, such as a changing table, a baby monitor and newborn baby clothes. All things you don’t want to be looking for postpartum with a baby to look after. Don’t over do it Although it can be tempting to go full throttle with home adjustments there are certain things you should avoid to prevent injuring yourself. Don’t move large furniture, as your ligaments and tendons are softened by pregnancy hormones, making a strain or injury more likely. Avoid reaching too high, as this can put strain on your lower back (which may already be achy). Delegating to your family and friends eager to help will give you the opportunity to rest while making sure that your home is perfect for your newest addition.

January 20, 2025

Physical Touch & Newborns- Why is this so Important

The birth of your baby is a beautiful and special moment in both of your lives. You may be wondering about your newborn’s senses, while they are born with all necessary senses, some are less precise than others and develop as your baby grows. Physical touch is an important aspect of your child’s growth, coming from your womb, where they are tightly cocooned in your womb. Skin to skin contact offers benefits to both you and your baby, and touch is one of the senses that can help comfort your baby, making them feel more secure and helping strengthen the bond between the two of you. Why is touch important? Touch enables your baby to learn more about the world, bond with their mother and learn communication skills, as touch and body language will be the first way that you can ‘speak’ to one another. Breastfeeding is an important part of this, as your baby then spends time in her mother’s arms. The benefits of touch goes beyond the physical. Contact between mom and baby has been shown to lower cortisol levels, which in turn benefits the functioning of the immune system. Children that are deprived of touch can be more aggressive with other conduct disorder problems. What is swaddling? Coming from a tightly packed womb, you’ll find that your baby is comforted by touch and close cuddles. Swaddling your baby in a blanket is also another technique that you can use on young babies to help them feel more secure, as it stops them from upsetting themselves from their own startle reflex. It’s important that your newborn finds their new world a comfortable and soothing place. Swaddling is an old technique, and beyond helping your little one feel safe and secure, your baby is likely to sleep better and will be kept nice and cosy in their blanket. If you decide to swaddle your baby it’s best to do so from birth, as opposed to introducing it when they are older as this can increase the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Using the proper techniques when swaddling is also important, as incorrect wrapping can lead to issues.

January 13, 2025

Why should I breastfeed my baby, and what if this is not an option?

Breastfeeding is important to your baby’s health and is the safest and healthiest thing that you can feed your little one. It is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) you should feed your baby exclusively with breastmilk for the first six months. Unfortunately, some moms can’t breastfeed due to medical or health reasons. Read on if you want to know the benefits of breastfeeding, or if you can’t breastfeed your baby, here are some healthy alternatives. What are the benefits of breastfeeding? Breastfeeding is the perfect way to get all the nutrients needed to your baby, as well as being a special bonding experience between mom and child. Breast milk is optimally suited to babies providing all the right nutrients, vitamins and minerals, being easily digestible and helping protect your baby by providing important antibodies. Baby’s who are breastfed have less ear infections, issues with diarrhea and respiratory issues. Benefits of breastfeeding include lowering your baby’s chance of getting infections and breastmilk can also help lower instances of asthma and eczema, and is thought to lower the risk of diabetes as well. Not only is breastfeeding good for your baby, but it’s also good for you. It helps your bond with your baby as your body releases the hormone oxytocin, which helps your uterus reduce to its pre-pregnancy size as well as lowers stress levels. And it’s an added bonus is that breast milk is cost effective and easily available. The only thing lacking from breast milk is vitamin D, and you can supplement this to your little one from birth. What are alternatives if I can’t breastfeed? Sadly some moms aren’t able to breastfeed their babies due to not having enough breastmilk supply, being on medication that could damage their baby’s health and, infectious diseases such as HIV. Although it’s hard not to be able to breastfeed, remember this won’t stop you bonding with or providing nutrients for your baby. The best alternative to your own breast milk is donated breast milk. However, if you are struggling to find adequate supply you can make use of baby formulas. In South Africa, the South African Breastmilk Reserve and Milk Matters supports breastfeeding moms through the provision of donated milk. SABR focuses on helping premature babies under the age of 14 days, and Milk Matters supports babies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the Western Cape.

January 6, 2025

Cwebeni gets a lifeline of water

In many rural villages across South Africa, access to clean, running water is not a convenience – it’s a lifeline. For the villagers of Cwebeni in rural Port St Johns in the Eastern Cape, fetching water for drinking, cooking and bathing is a daily struggle. It requires long, exhausting and treacherous walks along a narrow path to a spring, while balancing buckets. Today (November 21) there is cause for celebration as the lives of this local community are being transformed, thanks to the provision and activation of a borehole and access to running water. The need The village of Cwebeni of around 400 households and 3 000 residents, face many challenges. There are few employment opportunities and little access to basic services – such as clean water, sanitation and road infrastructure. They have not had water in the communal taps for the last eight years. This means locals, including the elderly, walk up to 5km every day to access water from a water hole they share with the livestock. ‘The entire community has suffered because we don’t have easy access to water,’ says Zuzukeli Duna, Principal of Cwebeni Junior Secondary School. ‘Without water, daily tasks like cooking, bathing and growing food in our gardens are very difficult. A borehole would make a significant difference to us. It will greatly improve life for thousands of people in our community as well as the 361 learners at our school.’ ‘For many of us, water is readily available, so we don’t stop to think what life would be without it,’ says Dr Imtiaz Sooliman of Gift of the Givers. ‘But access to water is a human right and, without it, communities face huge challenges including the threat of diseases, poor hygiene and malnutrition. Clean water and sanitation go hand in hand with dignity.’ Which is why when Gift of the Givers visited Cwebeni on a hunger alleviation intervention and were alerted to this crisis, they stepped in and approached Mr Duna for permission to drill on the school grounds to look for a good source of water. ‘We always attempt to place boreholes at institutions, such as schools, to secure the infrastructure,’ explains Dr Sooliman. ‘This provides a solution for both the school and community as we extend the water outlets to outside of the school property, so that the community can benefit too.’ The intervention Gift of the Givers began exploring the possibility of a borehole and approached Bonitas Medical Scheme for funding, as part of the Scheme’s ongoing commitment to community upliftment. Feasibility studies were conducted in March, drilling began in April when water was found, yielding 960 litres per hour. The borehole, at a depth of 200 metres, was completed in July and is solar powered. The pump and control box are run off 4 x 430-watt solar panels and the system has a 1.1 kw solar motor and a Dab 24-1/37 pump. The borehole has been lined with a PVC casing to lessen the risk of collapse and 2 x 5 000 litre storage tanks are on site, as well as two taps – one inside the school grounds and the other outside for community access. Due to the water testing results showing elevated levels of coliform bacteria and to provide safer and better-quality water, 4 x UV lights have been installed to kill the bacteria. However, it is recommended that water be boiled for drinking. The perfect partnership The partnership between Gift of the Givers and Bonitas began in 2018, the key objective: To provide relief to the most vulnerable and marginalised communities, specifically in the field of healthcare interventions. Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer of Bonitas says, ‘It’s wonderful to be able to make a difference in the lives of the villagers of Cwebeni. This precious resource is essential to every aspect of life. Water provides the chance for a brighter, healthier future and no one should be denied this fundamental right. ‘This project – and others – rolled out with Gift of the Givers, reinforces our commitment to being the medical aid for South Africa. It’s the perfect partnership, as we have the same passion and drive to assist where it is needed most. We have over 65 000 members based in the Eastern Cape and so are pleased to support this Province, in a small but meaningful way and help change lives.’ Impacting lives ‘We are so grateful to Gift of the Givers and Bonitas for undertaking this project,’ says Duna. ‘Life has been tough, especially during the winter but we’re so happy that we now have a borehole and access to running water within the village. It is going to make the lives of our community so much easier’. Dr Sooliman says, ‘The simple act of turning on a tap and seeing water flowing, inspires hope and possibility for a more prosperous life.’ Future investment Bonitas has committed to continuing to work with Gift of the Givers on projects that help impact the lives of vulnerable and marginalised communities, with a bias towards health interventions and access to clean water.

November 27, 2024

Due soon? What to include in your hospital bag

With your due date fast approaching, this is a very exciting, yet stressful time for most moms to be. Here is a great list of what to pack for the big day! Ideally, you should have your bag ready to go by 36 to 37weeks, apart from the last minute grabs such as your tooth brush and phone charger. Please see our extensive list of the essential items and also items to make you feel more comfortable for mom and baby (and dad, of course!) Baby Car seat – Many hospitals won’t let you leave without one. Please make sure you know how to strap baby properly into the seat and the seat is secure in the car. Safety first! A going home outfit: It’s important to keep baby skin to skin (this means no clothes on baby; only a nappy) for as long as possible, as this promotes growth, bonding and a calming period for you and your baby. When it’s time to go home, pack different outfits in different sizes as you don’t know how big or small baby will be. Aim for an outfit in Newborn sizes, and 0-3 months. Don’t forget a beanie or socks if the weather is cold. Blankets or Muslin wrap to keep baby nice and cosy. Bottles – If you are going into the hospital knowing you are going to bottle feed, take your bottles with. The hospital usually supplies the formula, but if you have a preferred brand, take some along. If breastfeeding doesn’t work for you, don’t stress! The nurses will provide the bottles and formula. Nappies and wipes to keep baby clean and dry. The nurses in the hospital will show you how to change baby if you are a first time mom. Mom Your medical aid information, your pre authorization/ doctors forms, your ID card and all other important documents you may need. Keep this safely in a folder all together to avoid any stress. A robe or dressing gown – This is such a handy item to have to cover up and make you feel comfortable Pyjama’s that button down at the front – If you are breastfeeding it’s a lot easier to undo the buttons than lift your top continuously. Comfortable, soft and loose pants such as lights weight shorts, stretchy leggings or sleep pants are ideal. Maternity pads and disposable breast pads. Nursing bras are also wonderful and offers great support for breastfeeding moms. Slippers or slip in shoes. Your feet may be a little swollen after delivery, so don’t feel bad leaving the hospital in the snuggest and easiest pair of shoes you can slip into. Slipper socks also work great. Cotton underwear, preferably in a dark or black colour. One that fits you well but rises above the uterus. This is good for moms who have a caesarean section and natural birth as it offers support and doesn’t cause pain along the wound site. Nipple cream – If you’re planning on breastfeeding, your nipples will be happy you are being so proactive. Toiletries – You will want to brush your hair and have a shower after baby has arrived. Take your shampoo, face cream, lotion and body wash, as well as your toothbrush and toothpaste. Deodorant, lip balm and extra hair ties are also a great items to have on hand. Cell phone charger – Because your phone will be full of photos of your new addition to your family. Water bottle and snacks. Take a reusable water bottle as its very important to keep hydrated during and post-delivery. Snack on dried fruit and wine gums to keep your sugar up and to give you energy (with permission from your midwife or doctor of course) A magazine or book, your laptop or some music. Labour may sometimes become a little long. It’s good to keep busy. Most hospitals and birthing clinics supply towels, pillows and blankets. If you have a favourite, take yours along to the hospital. A set of clothes to go home in. Your make up bag and straightener or curling iron. While you won’t be focused on looking great during labour, you may want to take some photos after the birth of your little one. Get someone to help you and make you feel good about yourself (and the great work you’ve just done!) Dad/Birthing partner Camera – Take photos! Lots of them. This is a great job for dad to do during birth. It will make them feel a lot more involved. Snacks: Another great job for dad. Full his bag with plenty of snacks and treats that you can both enjoy during your stay. Comfortable clothes – As he may be sitting with you for quite some time, let him pack some tracksuit pants, t shirts, slippers and hoodies. Extra underwear is also a winner if he is staying overnight. Chargers – For phones, laptops and cameras. The longer the wire, the better, as most plug outlets are likely to be far from you. Toiletries – He may want to freshen up during the course of your stay. Many private hospitals offer you a baby bag when you are admitted for delivery. This is a great item and will contain most, if not all baby’s toiletries such as soap and creams. If you forget something, it’s not the end of the world. The nurses may be able to help or someone can go to the shop for you. All baby ideally needs is a clean nappy, milk, and most importantly, you.

November 22, 2024

Putting together your birth plan

As you enter your third trimester you’ll have probably done a fair bit of research on the birth process (if this is your first) and may have a good idea of what you want before, during and after delivery. There are many options and opinions, from whether or not you want pain medication to how many people you would like supporting you. However, trying to keep track of your choices during labour may be tricky, which is why you’d put together a birth plan. So what exactly is it and how do you put one together? Why should I put together a birth plan? Your birth plan is your choices or preferences before, during and after labour and delivery. While things may not always go according to plan, having your preferences written down and communicated means you, your midwives and doctor have a more mutual understanding. However, if your pregnancy doesn’t go accordingly, you need to be prepared to make adjustments on the day. What should be in my birth plan? Your birth plan is how you’d like everything would go in the best-case scenario. Your birth plan will also have to take into consideration what is available at the hospital or place where you are giving birth. Some birth plans are very basic, just outlining a simple overview, whereas others may be far more detailed and in-depth. The choice is yours. Typically a birth plan will include before, during and after labour and birth preferences. Such as who you want to assist you during birth, whether or not you want any pain medication, you birthing positions, and requests for newborn care, such as skin-to-skin time. How can I learn more about the birth process? If you feel like you need to top up your birthing knowledge before putting together a plan they are a few ways you can go about this. Joining antenatal classes are a good way to learn more and to meet other women in your position. Chatting to friends or family who has been through the birthing process themselves is another good way to see what would work best for you. If you and your partner are having a baby together, keep them in the loop as well. Find out what they expect during labour and you can chat about what you want, and what role you see them playing in the process.

November 15, 2024

Premature birth – what to expect

November 8, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 40 of your pregnancy

Congratulations, you’ve reached the milestone that you’ve been counting up to from the beginning. It may feel surreal to think that 40 weeks ago you had your last period and now you’re about to welcome your new baby into your life. The third trimester of your pregnancy may have been fairly difficult, as your baby and belly take up more room, and your body adjusts to accommodate your growing little one. Your body at week 40 At week 40 your body is ready to give birth after housing and growing your baby for 9 months. So close to birth you may notice changes in your baby’s fetal movement, however, they will still be moving around, so if you notice a big decrease in movement, contact your doctor. Until birth, you’ll experience typical pregnancy symptoms, including leg cramps, back and pelvic pain, trouble sleeping and diarrhoea, which is normal close to birth. Your baby at week 40 At week 40 your baby is now full-term. When your baby is born you’ll notice that they are covered in a mixture of blood, vernix and amniotic fluid. On average, baby’s at week 40 weigh about 3,5 kg and they’ll be roughly the size of a pumpkin. Even though they are just about to be born, the lungs, liver and brain are still developing. Things to keep in mind at week 40 Labour can be overwhelming, and it’s important to remember that you can do this. While your doctor will have given you a due date, it is possible that your baby won’t arrive on the dot. So make sure that you keep aware of the signs of labour and have your birth plan, hospital bags and any additional plans ready (such as making sure you have someone to look after your other kids if you have).

November 1, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 39 of your pregnancy

You’re now one week away from week 40 – the final week of your pregnancy. Strange to think back 39 weeks, where you wouldn’t even have known you were pregnant. Lots has changed since then, and a lot will continue to change before and after birth. Your body at week 39 At this point, you’ll definitely be feeling your pregnancy. Braxton Hicks contractions, leaking colostrum from your nipples and the frequent urge to urinate may all be part of your daily life. You may be having trouble sleeping, struggling with pelvic and back pain, and your vaginal discharge may be tinged with pink or brown as the blood vessels n your cervix rupture. It is possible to be diagnosed with preeclampsia in your last weeks of pregnancy. This is high blood pressure in pregnancy and is accompanied by protein in your urine and swelling of the hands and feet. Vomiting, nausea and dizziness are also symptoms you may have preeclampsia, and if you suspect you have it you’ll need to contact your doctor right away. Your baby at week 39 Your baby is now roughly the size of a honeydew melon and is considered full term if they’re born this week. At this point, their lungs are producing surfactant so that when they take their first breath, the air sacs won’t stick together. Things you should keep in mind at week 39 You may be wondering if you can still keep doing light exercise, or what you can do to keep active during this time. Exercise in late pregnancy is still doable and is a good idea if you’re feeling up to it. Although you may be worried about damaging your growing baby, exercise during this time is beneficial as it can help strengthen your body for delivery and birth. That being said, it’s important to clarify what you plan on doing with your doctor, and focus on short, low-intensity exercises such as certain yoga and water aerobics.

October 21, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 38 of your pregnancy

There are now two weeks left of your official pregnancy span, however, there is even a chance that you may get to meet your little one sooner, as about 5% babies are born before or after their due dates. Your breathing may be feeling easier, as your baby moves lower down into your pelvis. But this can leave you with an increasingly shrinking bladder and smaller tasks that used to feel easy are now more difficult. Your body at week 38 Don’t be surprised if your nipples start leaking colostrum around this time. You may also be experiencing frequent Braxton Hicks contractions (which will be helping to prepare you for the real deal) and your nesting instincts may have kicked in, leaving you with a strong urge to clean and organise your house. Other common pregnancy symptoms at this time are frequent urination and pressure on your pelvis and hips as your baby has dropped lower into your abdomen. You may also be struggling to sleep, have swollen feet and ankles and your vaginal discharge may be tinged pink or brown. Your baby at week 38 Your little one is almost ready to meet the world! Your baby has probably shed the soft hair, lanugo, which covered their body (although some are born with patches). Although they are mostly fully developed, if born now, they will be considered early term. They are still continuing to add fat on their body, and the brain and nervous system are continually developing. Things to keep in mind at week 38 One of the questions you may have going through your mind, is how will you be sure that labour has started? Birthing classes are a good way to get to know what to expect, but if you haven’t been able to attend any of those, there are other ways to know that your baby is on its way. Your cervix will start dilating, which your doctor will be able to track in weekly check-ups. You may experience diarrhoea and during labour you’ll have frequent contractions which will grow stronger over time.

October 14, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 37 of your pregnancy

You are now in the final stretch of pregnancy, and at the end of this week you’ll only have 3 weeks left until your due date. 37 weeks ago you had your last period – a lot has changed since then! Although 40 weeks is the official length of time for pregnancy, many women give birth before or after this time. If your baby is born between week 37 and 38, they are known as early term babies. Your body at week 37 At this point in your pregnancy you may often feel tired, and this is usually made worse by the fact that you are generally getting a poor night’s sleep. Normal pregnancy symptoms are abdominal pressure, the frequent urge to urinate, a sore back and pelvis, Braxton Hicks contractions and stretch marks. Your baby at week 37 At this point almost all babies will have moved downwards into your pelvis, most commonly they will be in the cephalic presentation, which is head down, facing your spine. There are other positions that you baby can be in, such as cephalic posterior position, which is when they face outwards, or a breech position, which is feet first. If your baby is in an awkward position such as a breech, your baby may be delivered by c-section so as to minimise the risk to you and them. Things for your to keep in mind at week 37 Around week 37 of pregnancy you may start to experience the urge to organise and clean your house in preparation for your new baby. This is known as nesting and is an instinct shared with many other animals. Nesting may have you rearranging your household to make it more baby friendly and you may feel the need to limit social interactions. While this most commonly occurs when your delivery date is close, it can happen at any time during your pregnancy – or sometimes not at all.

October 7, 2024

Pregnancy, your body and your baby – week 36 of your pregnancy

Congratulations, you’ve almost made it to the last month of pregnancy. This last month you’ll likely feel both excitement and nervousness, and your belly may feel cumbersome as you go about your daily life. Your body at week 36 of pregnancy As your uterus takes up more space in your abdomen you’ll find it increasingly difficult to move with ease. This is also likely to be accompanied by an achy back and lower abdomen, leg cramps, Braxton Hicks contractions, constipation and difficulty sleeping. Your baby at week 36 of pregnancy Your baby is roughly the size of a large cabbage and is almost the weight they’ll be born at. Not only that, but they are gaining weight, looking more like the chubby baby you’ll meet at birth. Your little one’s kidney and liver are beginning to function normally, and they’ll also almost be ready to start breathing on their own. At this point your baby should have dropped lower into your pelvis, getting ready for the big day. Although this may allow you to breathe easier, it’ll put more pressure on your bladder. Things to keep in mind at week 36 Although your belly may be feeling cumbersome it’s still important that you remain active during this time (if you’re feeling up to it) – as little as 20 mins a day is likely to boost your energy levels and help ease some of your pregnancy symptoms. Exercise in the third trimester will have to be more carefully considered than before but it is possible. It’s a good idea to clear what you plan on doing with your doctor first, so that they can chat to you about any potential issues or give advice on what would be best. Walking, swim aerobics, yoga and pilates are all low impact ways to stay fit and healthy.

October 1, 2024

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