St Teresa's School

Harnessing the Hidden Potential of ADHD: The Power of Hyperfocus

Most people are surprised to discover that individuals with ADHD have the ability to focus intently for long stretches of time. “Surely not? I mean, it’s called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.” As educators, our day-to-day perception of ADHD is the child who is easily distracted and struggles to sustain attention. It is Tshego staring out the window, lost in thought; Mark sculpting a work of art with his eraser and scissors instead of writing his sentences; or Anika’s growing stack of incomplete tasks¹. Yet, individuals with ADHD can focus intensely and become completely absorbed in a task, often for hours at a time. ADHD – A nuanced understanding Is the term Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, then, a misnomer? Perhaps. Some argue that ADHD would be more aptly described as encompassing challenges with the regulation of attention, rather than a lack thereof. Furthermore, instead of a disorder, ADHD may be better understood as a unique brain type that shapes one’s experience of the world². In the DSM-V, ADHD is defined as a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. An array of symptoms related to inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity is used as criteria to identify ADHD and its three subtypes³. Yet, the ADHD experience is more multifaceted and nuanced, reaching beyond these facets to include challenges such as inaccurate perceptions of time, sensitivities around perceived rejection, chronically poor sleep, working memory difficulties, and sensory sensitivities. The struggles associated with ADHD are layered and complex, but so are the strengths and hidden potentials. Divergent thinking, a relentless generation of ideas, creativity, adventurousness, curiosity, and great reserves of energy are attributes positively associated with ADHD⁴. Hyperfocus is one such nuanced strength, frequently referred to as an asset, advantage, or even superpower. The hyperfocus advantage Hyperfocus is a term that describes a state of intense concentration, in which a person becomes utterly immersed in a task to the extent that all else falls away. A friend described her experience of hyperfocus to me as a meditative state, culminating in a deep sense of satisfaction and feeling of invigoration, with the knowledge that she had created something tangible, surmounted a challenging task, or achieved a goal. In the literature, the terms ‘flow’ and ‘in the zone’ describe similar phenomena of full task engagement, but are not necessarily synonymous with ‘hyperfocus’⁵. While in this state of complete absorption, the external environment fades away as the ADHD child, teen or adult seems to ignore or tune out everything around them. Task performance improves and they can be highly productive, sometimes achieving a week’s worth of work in a matter of hours. Hyperfocus is usually centred on an activity or subject that deeply interests or captivates the ADHD individual⁶, although they can also become fully engrossed in mundane tasks. Hyperfocus is typically sparked by deep interest⁹, sometimes leading to remarkable outcomes such as the realisation of a passion, world-changing innovation, and creative ingenuity. Some advocates refer to hyperfocus as an ADHD superpower in efforts to reframe an often negative narrative surrounding ADHD. Yet, for hyperfocus to truly be an asset, the challenges that accompany it need to be carefully managed. This is where educators and parents become our children’s greatest allies, helping them harness this capacity for intense focus and channel it towards productive endeavours in a balanced, healthy way. It is important to note that hyperfocus is not currently listed in the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in the DSM-V⁷. Many children may become absorbed in video games or doodling for hours without having ADHD. Similarly, the lived experience of ADHD is not uniform across all individuals, and your ADHD child, spouse, or friend may experience hyperfocus to varying degrees, or not at all. Navigating hyperfocus challenges  I recall once being very pleased to see my usual daydreamer, Gugu, working intensely throughout our Mathematics lesson, only to have her hand in a blank worksheet. What in the world had she been doing? On inspecting the back of the worksheet, I discovered a magnificent rendition of the clownfish poster I had stuck on the wall to introduce our ocean theme. Dr Edward Hallowell, a leading expert, describes ADHD as a set of “paradoxical tendencies”, the most noteworthy being “a lack of focus combined with an ability to superfocus”. The difficulty with both these states is that they are not entered into deliberately or by choice⁸. If the ADHD child could pay attention on demand by ‘trying harder’, classrooms would all have engaged, attentive students finishing their work. During a period of heightened, intense focus, the ADHD individual can become so engrossed in an activity that they become detached from their surroundings, lose track of time, and neglect their personal needs, responsibilities, and relationships⁹. When hyperfocus is directed at positive tasks, the ADHD individual can accomplish extraordinary things. Yet, they can just as easily become honed into non-beneficial activities, such as scrolling through social media. Hyperfocus in the classroom Educators may be scratching their chins at this point and thinking, “I see a lot of inattention and distractibility in my classroom, but not much hyperfocus.” This makes absolute sense. Schools adopt highly structured schedules, where each hour or so a bell rings and children are whisked off to the next lesson. There is little opportunity to get lost in an activity for an extensive period of time. This is partly why some ADHD children cope better at school than in adult life, where the organisational demands of everyday life soar¹⁰. Hyperfocus generally occurs around an activity that is highly interesting and intrinsically rewarding, whereas a lot of schoolwork can be tedious, repetitive, and colourless. The very act of learning involves practising a skill multiple times to master it, which, to the ADHD child, is, well, boring. Boredom is utterly unbearable to individuals with ADHD – they feel boredom as others do, a painful ache¹¹. There are simple ways to make our classrooms more engaging and appealing to the ADHD child. We can set the

St Teresa's School

The Transformative Power of Reading

As a Junior Primary teacher, I have witnessed firsthand the remarkable power of reading in shaping young minds. Reading is not just a skill we teach. It unlocks doors to learning, understanding, and communication on many levels. It lays the foundation for academic success, fosters emotional growth, and builds connections, both with others and within ourselves. A child who reads becomes an adult who thinks Teaching reading and comprehension is a deep passion of mine, one rooted in my own love for books. From the moment my daughter was born, I began reading to her. Our home has always been filled with books. These books have not only filled our shelves but have shaped our conversations, our imaginations and our shared moments. Creating an environment rich in reading materials allows children to engage deeply with language. Not only does reading expose them to vocabulary far beyond what they may encounter in everyday conversation, but it also stretches their expressive capabilities and builds confidence in communication. The benefits of reading, however, go far beyond vocabulary. Stories strengthen memory by encouraging children to recall characters, events, and sequences. They nurture critical thinking through plot twists, problem-solving, and inference. Discussing stories helps children analyse, interpret, and evaluate, all essential skills not just in school, but in life. One of the most beautiful aspects of reading is its power to promote empathy. When children read about characters from different backgrounds or facing unfamiliar challenges, they begin to understand perspectives beyond their own. In my classroom, when small disagreements arise, as they often do in the Junior Primary phase, I sometimes turn to stories to gently explore the situation. A book about sharing or managing anger can open the door to meaningful conversation in a non-threatening way. It allows children to reflect, relate, and respond with more kindness and awareness. Reading also fosters social and emotional connections. Bedtime stories are a cherished tradition in many households, creating a moment of calm and closeness at the end of a busy day. For younger children, being read to reinforces their listening skills, attention span, and the rhythm of language. For older children, reading together, even silently, can be a quiet and comforting way to bond. Now that my daughter is in the Senior Primary phase, I no longer read aloud to her each night, but we still make time to read beside each other in bed. These peaceful, shared moments, each of us lost in our own book, are deeply meaningful. They keep our bond strong and highlight the importance of making space for reading, even as life gets busier. The magic of reading is that it grows with you. A love of reading evolves from a simple joy into a lifelong habit that informs your worldview, sharpens your understanding and enriches your ability to communicate. As teachers and parents, we have the immense privilege and responsibility of planting the seeds of literacy early on. With every story we share, we are not just teaching children to read; we are teaching them to listen, to imagine, to question, and to dream. And that is where true learning begins. Natalie Sales St Teresa’s School Grade 2 Teacher

St Teresa's School

Why Messy Play Matters: Building the Brain Through the Senses

“Messy” play is vital for early childhood development. It engages all the senses, creating and strengthening neural pathways in the brain, laying the foundation for future academic learning. A child’s nervous system requires sensory stimuli to mature. Gaps in sensory development can make it harder for children to thrive in the school environment.   “This foundation helps a child attend, behave, function, and learn.”  – Amy Hathaway Are our children being deprived of the necessary sensory stimuli that build the foundation of human development in a world of ever-increasing technology, busyness and the need to perform? As parents, are we creating opportunities for our children to be exposed to a variety of sensory experiences that stimulate growth and development, or are we inadvertently limiting their sensory experiences by protecting them from too much? Research conducted by psychologists and experts in child development underscores the urgent need to return to basics. Never in history has there been such a wave of mental health needs in younger and younger children. Children are kept safe behind fences, entertained on screens and enrolled in extracurricular activities, with very little time to play freely, think for themselves and explore their world. The Sensory Pyramid of Learning was developed by Occupational Therapist Kathleen Taylor and special educator Maryann Trott in 1991. It is a wonderful visual that shows the order of learning, requiring a broad base of sensory learning before other skills can be built upon. At the base of the pyramid are the primary senses of touch (tactile), balance (vestibular), body awareness (proprioception), smell, taste, vision, and hearing. As these systems develop, children are then able to build higher-level skills like attention, emotional regulation, language, social interaction, and eventually, academic learning such as reading, writing, and problem-solving. If there are gaps or challenges at the base of the pyramid, it can affect a child’s readiness for more complex learning tasks. This is why rich, varied sensory experiences are so vital in the early years. So how can you practically support your child’s sensory development? 2. Provide spaces where your child can make a mess, explore and discover. 3. Provide materials such as boxes, old linen, and recyclable materials such as bottle tops, which are open-ended and can function in many different ways. 4. Dress your child in comfortable clothes, allowing them to move freely and get dirty without worry. 5. Give access to the outdoors where your child can find bugs, make mud pies and move. 6. Encourage your child to explore a variety of sensory experiences and develop independence.  7. Remove their shoes. Barefoot walking has many benefits, providing sensory feedback to the nervous system. Studies show that walking barefoot increases cognitive ability, sensory integration, foot mechanics, balance and calmness. These studies recommend that children predominantly go barefoot and only wear shoes when necessary up to the age of 4, while their feet are still developing.   8. While creating boundaries is necessary, provide a space where they can explore with a variety of mediums, such as paint, chalk, and mud. Allow them to paint their feet, hands, and bodies, providing a rich sensory experience. A great way to do this is in the shower or bath, where everything can be washed away, or outdoors on a hot day with added water play. 9. Allow children to safely make mistakes, thereby learning from them and gaining independence and resilience. “A brain that is nourished with a balance of basic sensory input attends well and learns well!” – Amy Hathaway A useful resource on Early Childhood and Sensory Development can be found at: https://developlearngrow.com/the-pyramid-of-learning Kerry Semple Rosebuds Pre-primary School Grade 00 Teacher

St Teresa's School

Boredom: The Secret Ingredient to Raising Resilient, Innovative Thinkers

Lessons from a mother, educator, and principal of St Teresa’s Junior Primary School on the quiet power of unstructured afternoons, cardboard castles, and the early roots of entrepreneurial thinking. In a world filled with instant entertainment, glowing screens, and tightly packed schedules, the idea of letting a child be “bored” might sound strange, or perhaps even unkind, to many parents. However, boredom is not something to be feared. In fact, it might just be one of the greatest gifts we can give our children. As a mother of four and the principal of St Teresa’s Junior Primary School, I’ve seen the power of boredom in action in both my own home and in our school environment. When my children were younger, our afternoons weren’t scheduled with endless activities, extra lessons, or screen time. They were filled with cardboard boxes, paper scraps, masking tape, crayons, and other ‘junk’ items. The crafts created were not Pinterest-worthy masterpieces, but rather messy, genuine, and joyful expressions of creativity. My children spent a great deal of time outdoors – they were blessed with a garden and Johannesburg’s beautiful weather. Sticks, stones, mud, water and various other natural elements were readily available for their imaginative play.  My house was often filled with blankets, cushions, and sheets that were constantly being turned into tents, castles, and pirate ships. There was noise and a touch of chaos, but also concentration, collaboration, and innovation. Those hours of unstructured time contributed to the confident, resourceful adults my children have become. Three of my children are now working, finding success and fulfilment in their various fields: medical, financial, and engineering. My youngest is at university, studying engineering. He is what we affectionately call a ‘laat-lammetjie’. Due to the age gap and my own demanding work schedule, he has spent many hours entertaining himself. I smile when I see how easily he generates ideas, tackles new challenges, and sees opportunity where others might see boredom. In fact, in his first year at university, he’s already launched one small business and is working on a second. That kind of entrepreneurial drive doesn’t come from being spoon-fed entertainment; instead, it comes from having time and space to explore, experiment, and fail. From boredom came creativity. From creativity came confidence. From confidence came a young entrepreneur. When children are bored, their minds are given the space to wander, wonder, imagine, and create. It is in these moments that creativity and innovation begin to bloom. A cardboard box becomes a spaceship. A stick transforms into a wizard’s wand. A blank page turns into a comic book, a board game, or an invention. Boredom encourages children to solve problems, generate ideas, and direct their own play. I was watching a little girl in our school’s mud kitchen just the other day. She had “baked” chocolate cupcakes (a clever mix of mud and water) and was decorating them with “sprinkles” made of dry soil. No adult told her what to do, she invented it all by herself. When children are left to decide what to do next, without step-by-step instructions, they are practising planning, organising, and thinking ahead. These executive function skills underpin academic success and emotional regulation. They are learning how to break a big idea into small steps, how to persevere when things go wrong, and how to keep going when there is no immediate feedback or applause. These are the building blocks of resilience, adaptability, and internal motivation – qualities that help children grow into capable, confident adults. Allowing your child to be bored is not neglect: It is allowing your child to grow in confidence, It is saying that what they initiate and do has value This is one of the best ways to boost self-esteem As parents, we have an important role to play in this. We need to create an environment that allows this free play to take place. We need to allow certain sections of our houses, classrooms, gardens, and playgrounds to be a little ‘messy’ because children are allowed to play freely and without concern in them.  At our school, we use large foam blocks, ribbons, fabrics, masking tape, and other items that the girls use to build shops, animal clinics, homes, or whatever their imaginations inspire. During this type of play, the girls collaborate, create, and take ownership of their learning. Over-scheduling children and constantly rescuing them from boredom can rob them of important developmental experiences. Many children today are overstimulated but underdeveloped in terms of problem-solving, patience, and emotional regulation. We should allow them to have unstructured, adult-free play to learn to negotiate, listen, debate, collaborate, lead, and follow. They become more emotionally resilient, socially skilled, and cognitively curious. These soft skills are essential in adulthood for building healthy relationships in the workplace and community. When we stop filling every moment, our children start filling it with their own brilliance. So, the next time your child sighs and says, “I’m bored,” try smiling and replying, “That’s wonderful.” Let them know that boredom is not something to be feared or a problem to be solved by an adult. It is something to be solved by their imagination. In the quiet spaces where nothing is planned, skills are being developed, and something extraordinary is waiting to be discovered! Lynne Elfick  St Teresa’s School  Junior Primary Principal

St Teresa's School

Taking your young child out of school could cost you more in the long run

Over the past 18 months we have noticed a worrying trend of parents choosing to take their young preschool children out of school, thinking that they can slot back into formal education once things return to normal. As educators and specialists in Early Childhood Development (ECD), we know that the stimulation and consequent growth of the brain, the body and the emotional heart, has an influence on every aspect of your child’s future life. Our advice to parents is to think carefully about what educational building blocks are necessary for their child’s overall development and how best to ensure that your child is in a stimulating environment where the young child’s needs are prioritized. There are no shortcuts when it comes to growth and development, and prioritising early childhood education now (from Grade 000) will set a solid foundation that will significantly impact your child’s success in Primary School, High School and later in life.  Why is early childhood education so important? It is well documented that the first 2000 days (or 5 to 6 years) of a child’s life are critical to a child’s development: emotional, cognitive, social and physical. During this time the brain’s architecture is forming and the child’s physical environment has a huge impact on brain development. In the Foundation Phase of a school, we lay the foundations for future learning and for life. This begins with our little preschoolers in the ECD section of the school. The educators are experts on the various childhood development stages and their training and experience means that they can specifically provide what the child needs at crucial moments for their development. How do young children actually learn? Young children learn with their senses: sight, touch, sound, smell, movement and taste.  Preschoolers learn through play and it’s important that they have the opportunity to play in a variety of ways all day, every day. Sometimes they learn with their hands, sometimes with their heads, and sometimes with their hearts. In order for brain development to occur, children need certain types of stimulation to create synapses or connections between neurons in the brain. As educators, we want to create plenty of opportunities for those synapses to be created because it helps children to fully understand and process the world around them. According to research by Dr Karyn Purvis, scientists have discovered that it takes around 400 repetitions to create a new synapse in the brain, unless it is done in play, in which case it only takes 10 to 20 repetitions.      Let them make a mess. The messier the better! For further cognitive learning to take place, the development of the child’s sensory system is vital. ‘Sensory play’ gives the child the opportunity to see, touch, feel, smell, hear and taste different things. Sensory play is often called messy play. Things used for messy play can be sand, water, mud, sawdust, grains, paint, dough etc. This play should be creative, explorative and experimental.  When your child is interacting with these materials through messy play, disorganised information going into the brain throughout the play is then stored in an orderly manner within the child’s brain. In other words, letting children play in the mud literally helps their brains grow, and has a great influence on life-long learning.  “The messier a child is when she goes home, the happier I am as I know that her brain is being developed through the creation of new synapses in the brain.” ~ Lynne Elfick, Principal of the Junior Primary, St Teresa’s School.  Imagination, fantasy play and emotional development Imaginative and fantasy play give children the opportunity for self-expression and to develop life skills to control impulses, to problem-solve and to make plans. By interacting and engaging with other children, in an environment where caring educators explain and unpack emotions, the child learns to understand different emotions and starts to have an understanding of her own emotions. This then leads to an understanding of others’ emotions, which allows her to respond in an empathetic manner. The young child learns to express her needs in an acceptable manner, to work collaboratively together, to listen to opinions, and to form her own opinion. Debating and negotiating, which are essential life skills, starts at a young age and needs to be guided by caring educators with good values and morals.  A happy child is a learning child The child needs to form positive relationships, in a nurturing environment where the educators actively seek a positive connection with each child, allowing her the freedom to feel safe, loved and accepted. This influences the developing brain, and lays important foundations for emotional well-being. This in turn forms a stable and calm state for the brain, which is vital for learning to take place. Put simply, a happy child is a learning child.  A sound early childhood education gives your child a solid foundation for life Right from our little ones in Grade 000, we encourage a love of learning by stimulating the child’s natural curiosity. The ‘what’ questions of the toddler are replaced by the ‘why’ questions of the preschooler. A good educator plans well, but then follows the curiosity of the children in her care. There are days where you look back at the end of the day and perhaps not much of what you had planned has taken place, but then when you reflect on what learning has taken place, you cannot help but be content that the children have been engaging with one another and have grown in wonder, curiosity and knowledge. We consider it a privilege to be the custodians of your child’s early childhood education and learning. By Lynne Elfick          Principal of the Junior Primary               St Teresa’s School in Craighall Park, Johannesburg

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