Early Learning - Parenting Hub

leading expert advice from Dibber International Preschools

Attachment: A Heartfelt Journey from Theory to the Soul of Parenting

“Back in my psychology days, I poured over theories about attachment, eager to understand the science behind our earliest bonds. It was fascinating on paper, an exploration of how a child’s connection with their caregiver could set the stage for a lifetime of trust, love, and resilience. But the real power of attachment theory became clear when I became a mother, cradling my two boys, holding their little hands, and hearing their giggles and cries. Suddenly, what had once been concepts in a textbook transformed into a sacred journey that unfolded in our everyday together. Attachment theory, pioneered by psychologist John Bowlby, speaks of the ‘secure base’ a child needs—a haven that gives them the courage to explore the world, knowing they can always come back to someone they trust. Back in those study days, I understood it intellectually. But as a mother, it became so much more. I realised I was that secure base for my boys. I was the comforting arms they could run to after a fall, the steady eyes they searched for in a crowded room. Being their secure base wasn’t just a theory to me—it was an honour, a daily commitment to being their home in a world that could feel so big. Mary Ainsworth, who followed in Bowlby’s footsteps, demonstrated how children’s responses to separation and reunion with their caregivers reveal their attachment style: secure, anxious, or avoidant. I remember studying the labels and scenarios in class, finding it all interesting but a bit abstract. Now, as a mother, I see these attachment styles in real-time, every time my boys hesitate to leave my side or joyfully greet me after being apart. Every giggle, every tight hug, every time they run toward me, I see that trust we’ve built—the trust that makes them feel safe even in separation, knowing I’ll always return. And then there’s the idea that has come to mean the most to me: the ‘Circle of Trust.’ This idea illustrates a child’s natural cycle between independence and connection, a delicate dance of security and exploration. At the centre of this circle is the parent or caregiver, a steady presence. The child circles outward, stretching their wings, testing their limits, exploring their world. But when something startles them, or they simply want to share a moment, they return to the centre, seeking comfort and validation. It’s a rhythm that builds their confidence and courage while keeping the bond alive and thriving. As I watch my boys play and grow, I see this circle in action daily. They’ll venture off, excited by a new discovery—perhaps a fascinating bug or a funny sound. And they look back to find me, their faces lighting up as they seek my smile, my silent assurance that I’m here, that I’m proud. When they stumble, whether it’s a scraped knee or a disappointed heart, they come running, searching for my arms and a soft voice to soothe them. This circle of trust is more than a concept; it’s a shared heartbeat, a dance of closeness and independence. In each step, I see their resilience blossom, their sense of safety solidify. For parents, this Circle of Trust feels deeply rooted in our everyday lives. We’re raising our children in a land of vibrant diversity, where the world can be both breathtaking and, at times, uncertain. Our little ones, under six and still so fresh to the world, take in every sight, every sound, every feeling with wonder and sometimes with a bit of hesitation. In these early years, our role is to be their constant—to be the faces they search for when they feel a bit lost and the hands they reach for when the world feels a bit too big. In our everyday moments, this circle plays out. At the playground, I see them dashing off with boundless energy, pausing to glance back to make sure I’m still watching. During bedtime stories, they curl up close, seeking the warmth of familiarity before drifting into dreams. And when they’re overwhelmed—when frustration, fear, or a tumble catches them off guard—they run back to me, knowing I’ll catch them, steady them, and gently send them out again. In these moments, I realise that building a secure attachment is not about grand gestures or perfect parenting. It’s in the countless little acts—the quiet moments of holding, comforting, listening, and just being present. It’s when they look to us as if to say, ‘Are you still there? Do you still believe in me?’ And we respond with a steady gaze, a smile, and the assurance that yes, we’re here and always will be. These early years, these first steps in their journey, are precious. They’re about so much more than milestones or achievements. They’re about laying a foundation of love and trust that will carry them through a lifetime. What I once studied as theory has become the heartbeat of my family, a bond that grows stronger with every goodbye and hello, every tear and every laugh. As parents, especially of little ones, we may sometimes feel overwhelmed or wonder if we’re doing enough. But when we show up, day after day, with a gentle hand and a listening heart, we’re giving our children the most beautiful gift of all: a foundation they can always return to, a circle of love and trust that will hold them steady as they venture out to discover the world.” By Kelly Eyre, Quality and Pedagogy Lead, Dibber South Africa

January 8, 2025

Managing Temper Tantrums in Toddlers

Every parent has faced the challenge of managing their toddler’s temper tantrums. These intense emotional outbursts are not only common but also a natural part of a child’s developmental journey. Dibber International Preschools, known for its nurturing approach to early childhood development, shares insights into why tantrums occur and practical strategies to handle them effectively. “Temper tantrums are a form of communication for toddlers,” says Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools. “While they may feel overwhelming in the moment, they present opportunities to teach children emotional regulation, patience, and effective communication skills.” Why Do Tantrums Happen? Toddlers, typically between 1 and 3 years, are learning to navigate their emotions and express themselves. Tantrums occur when they experience frustration, disappointment, or a desire for control. “At this age, children are still developing the language and emotional tools needed to convey their feelings,” explains Assis. “Tantrums are their way of processing big emotions when they feel overwhelmed.” Strategies to Manage Tantrums Assis advises parents to remain calm and empathetic during a tantrum, emphasizing that a parent’s response significantly influences the outcome. What to Do After a Tantrum Assis recommends using calm moments after a tantrum to guide your child toward better emotional awareness. Preventing Tantrums While tantrums can’t always be avoided, proactive strategies can minimize their frequency: “Children thrive in environments where they feel safe, loved, and understood,” Assis emphasizes. “Mutual respect and patience are key to helping children develop healthy ways to process their emotions.” Building a Strong Foundation for Emotional Growth At Dibber International Preschools, tantrums are seen as an opportunity to nurture emotional resilience and psychological growth. “Our goal is to create a supportive environment where children learn to channel their emotions positively,” Assis concludes. “With love and patience, we help them build the skills they need to navigate their world with confidence.”

December 23, 2024

Top Seven Advantages of Early Childhood Care and Education

The early years of a child’s life are filled with wonder, curiosity, and adventure. At Dibber International Preschools, we believe these formative years are the perfect time to nurture a child’s innate curiosity through early education and care, laying the foundation for lifelong learning and development. “Early childhood education is not just about preparing children for school; it’s about setting them up for success in all areas of life,” says Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools. “When we engage young minds early on, we help them build essential skills, develop confidence, and foster a love for learning that lasts a lifetime.” The Benefits of Early Childhood Education and Care Research and experience show that early learning has a profound impact on a child’s cognitive, social, and emotional development. Here are seven key advantages: Creating Holistic Learning Experiences At Dibber International Preschools, our approach to early childhood education goes beyond academics. We provide children with opportunities to explore, create, and connect through play-based learning and carefully designed activities. “Every moment in a preschool setting is an opportunity for growth, whether it’s discovering new concepts, building friendships, or understanding the world more deeply,” says Assis. Dibber’s commitment to holistic development ensures that children receive the emotional, social, and intellectual support they need to thrive. “Parents can trust that their child is not only gaining knowledge but also developing the skills and values needed for a fulfilling life,” Assis concludes.

December 17, 2024

Preparing your Toddler for Preschool – Practical Tips

Starting preschool is a major milestone in a child’s early development, and for many families, it comes with a mix of excitement and apprehension. Dibber International Preschools is here to support parents through this transition with expert advice to help toddlers feel prepared and confident as they begin their preschool journey. “Preschool is often a child’s first step into the world outside the comfort of their home, and this transition is significant for both children and parents,” says Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools. “By focusing on preparation and creating a sense of security, we can help young learners embrace this new chapter with enthusiasm and curiosity.” Building Confidence Through Play and Familiarisation Preparation begins at home, and playful activities can make a big difference. Assis recommends using pretend play to simulate typical preschool routines. “Take turns being the parent, child, or teacher, and act out scenarios like saying goodbye, singing songs, or playing with toys,” she suggests. “This role-play helps children feel more in control and eases the anxiety of stepping into a new environment.” Books about starting preschool are another effective way to spark conversations. Reading stories together can help children understand what to expect and provide an opportunity to talk about their feelings. “Ask your child how they think the characters in the story feel and relate it to their own emotions,” adds Assis. Practising Independence Preschool encourages independence, and parents can support this by teaching simple self-help skills. “Activities like hanging up their coat, unzipping their backpack, or opening a lunchbox can be turned into fun games,” says Assis. “These small practices build confidence and help toddlers feel capable on their first day.” Visiting the Preschool Visiting the preschool before the first day is crucial in familiarising children with the new environment. “A tour of the classroom and some time on the playground can go a long way in making a child feel comfortable,” advises Assis. “It’s about helping them see this new space as safe and welcoming.” Easing Separation Anxiety The first day can be emotional for both parents and children, but there are strategies to make goodbyes smoother. “Plan to stay for a short while, exploring the classroom together before saying goodbye,” suggests Assis. “It’s also helpful to create a special goodbye routine, like a secret handshake or a kiss on the palm to ‘hold’ throughout the day.” Assis emphasises the importance of maintaining a positive and confident tone during drop-offs. “Children take their cues from their parents, so staying upbeat and reassuring can make a world of difference,” she says. Supporting the Transition Even after the first day, some children may show signs of worry or regression. Assis encourages parents to be patient and understanding. “Acknowledge their feelings, offer extra support, and celebrate their small victories,” she advises. “This helps children navigate their emotions and adapt to their new routine.” At Dibber International Preschools, the team understands the significance of this transition and works closely with families to make it a smooth and positive experience. “Preschool is the start of a lifelong love for learning,” concludes Assis. “By preparing children with care and intention, we set the foundation for a successful and joyful educational journey.”

December 10, 2024

Raising Environmentally Conscious Children

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, fostering eco-consciousness in young children has never been more critical. Dibber International Preschools is dedicated to nurturing the next generation of environmentally responsible citizens by instilling sustainable values and practices from an early age. “Children are the stewards of tomorrow,” says Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools. “By teaching them to respect and care for the environment, we are not only empowering them to make a difference but also ensuring a more sustainable future for all.” Building a Connection with Nature One of the most impactful ways to raise environmentally conscious children is by fostering a connection with nature. Spending time outdoors, whether exploring a local park or planting a garden, helps children appreciate the beauty and abundance of the natural world. “Children who develop a bond with nature early on are more likely to grow into adults who protect and nurture it,” explains Assis. Teaching Resource Conservation Understanding the efficient use of natural resources is another key aspect of environmental education. Assis advises parents and educators to demonstrate how small actions—like turning off lights when not in use or conserving water—can collectively make a big impact. “Children are naturally curious and eager to learn. By involving them in simple conservation efforts, we can instil habits that last a lifetime.” The 3 Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Introducing the concept of waste management through the principles of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle helps children understand their role in minimising waste. “At Dibber, we incorporate these principles into everyday activities, turning them into fun and educational experiences,” says Assis. “For instance, children can create art projects using recyclable materials, combining creativity with environmental stewardship.” Practical Activities to Inspire Eco-Consciousness Hands-on activities like gardening or planting saplings provide children with tangible ways to engage with nature. Caring for plants teaches responsibility and nurtures a sense of pride in contributing to the environment. “It’s through these small, meaningful actions that children begin to understand their role in nurturing the planet,” Assis explains. Additionally, fostering a love for animals helps children develop empathy and a broader understanding of the interconnectedness of life. Visits to conservation parks and safaris offer opportunities to teach children about the importance of protecting wildlife and their habitats. Leading by Example Children learn by observing the behaviours of adults around them. “If we want our children to care for the environment, we must model sustainable choices in our own lives,” says Assis. Simple actions, like reducing plastic use or choosing eco-friendly products, demonstrate the importance of making thoughtful decisions. Dibber’s Commitment to Environmental Education At Dibber International Preschools, environmental education is a cornerstone of the curriculum. “We believe that by unlocking children’s creativity and curiosity, we can encourage them to think beyond textbooks and embrace the importance of sustainability,” Assis notes. Dibber’s initiatives focus on three key areas: “Our goal is to show children that small, everyday actions can lead to significant change,” says Assis. “By embedding these values early, we’re helping to shape a generation that will prioritise the health of our planet.” A Shared Responsibility Raising environmentally conscious children is a collective effort that involves families, schools, and communities. “Together, we can teach children that they have the power to make a difference,” concludes Assis. “It starts with simple, intentional steps—steps that not only protect the environment but also instil hope for a brighter, more sustainable future.”

December 4, 2024

Tips for Potty Training Success

Potty training is a milestone that brings both excitement and challenges for parents and toddlers alike. Dibber International Preschools offers practical, easy-to-follow strategies to make the process as smooth and stress-free as possible. “Potty training isn’t just about timing; it’s about building trust, consistency, and creating a positive experience for the child,” says Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools. “By following some essential tips and remaining patient, parents can make potty training an enjoyable journey for their toddlers.” One of the key tips for potty training success is consistency. Toddlers thrive on routine, and establishing a regular potty schedule – such as after meals or first thing in the morning – helps them adjust to the idea more quickly. “The familiarity of a consistent schedule makes toddlers feel secure, making it easier for them to understand and embrace potty training,” explains Assis. Incorporating rewards can also be a powerful motivator. Simple incentives, like stickers, a small treat, or even a congratulatory high-five, reinforce the child’s success and make the process more enjoyable. “Using rewards teaches toddlers that each successful potty trip is an achievement worth celebrating. It builds a foundation of positive reinforcement, encouraging children to continue developing their new skills with enthusiasm,” says Assis. Making the potty-training process fun is another effective approach. By introducing a potty-training song, reading a favourite book, or creating a playful atmosphere, parents can make the experience feel more like an adventure than a task. “The goal is to ensure that children feel relaxed and comfortable,” says Assis. “When toddlers associate potty time with fun, they are much more open to engaging in the process.” Dibber also emphasises the importance of recognizing each child’s individual readiness. “Not every toddler will be ready at the same time, and that’s perfectly normal. If your child is showing interest in the potty, waking up dry from naps, or indicating they’re uncomfortable in diapers, these are signs they may be ready. But if they’re not, giving it a little more time can prevent frustration for both parent and child.” Potty training is a unique journey for every family. Dibber International Preschools encourages parents to approach it with patience, positivity, and a willingness to celebrate each small success. “Every child’s potty-training journey will look different, but with consistency and encouragement, you’ll reach that milestone together,” concludes Assis.

November 26, 2024

Advice from the experts

School Change: How to determine if moving on is right for your Child

School choice is not a straightforward ticking-of-the-boxes exercise. As all parents know, there are many factors that influence the decision-making process. Even when exhaustive investigations have been done, questions may still remain whether the right choice was made. At this time of year, following the mid-term exams, and looking forward to a new school year, parents may be considering moving schools due to various factors – academic, social and emotional. The decision to move schools is a significant one that can come with major upsides but also unforeseen downsides, and therefore warrants careful consideration. Education experts from ADvTECH Schools say that while moving schools is a hard call to make, there are ways to determine whether a child’s current school is the best fit for them, or whether they will be best served in a new or different environment. Renie Sutherland, Principal at The Bridge Assisted Learning School Morningside, says there are a few factors to take into consideration when assessing if a school is a good match. They include the questions of: Progress or Regresses: If your child is no longer making progress or is regressing despite the support in place, it may indicate that the current environment is not meeting their needs. Emotional Distress: If your child exhibits consistent emotional distress, anxiety, or behavioural issues that seem exacerbated by the school setting, this might be a sign that the environment is not conducive to their well-being. Lack of Adequate Resources: If the school is unable to provide the necessary resources, therapies, or accommodations that your child needs to thrive, it might be time to explore other options. Mismatch in Educational Philosophy: If the school’s approach to education and support structures does not align with your child’s learning style or needs, it could be beneficial to seek a school with a more tailored approach. “The ideal environment varies based on the child’s specific challenges; for example a child with learning difficulties might need a more specialised setting, which offers individualised learning plans, smaller class sizes, and dedicated support staff,” she says. Sutherland says when considering alternative options, parents should: Visit Schools: Schedule visits to potential schools to observe the environment, meet the staff, and see how the school operates on a day-to-day basis. Speak to the Principal: Have an in-depth conversation with the principal or head of the learning support team. Discuss your child’s specific needs and how the school can meet them. Assessments: Arrange for your child to be assessed by an educational psychologist or a specialist to gain a clear understanding of their needs and the type of environment that would best support their development. Talk to Other Parents: Connect with parents who have children with similar challenges to hear their experiences with different schools. “Trusting your instincts as a parent is important. If you feel that your child’s current school is not meeting their needs, exploring other options may be the best decision for your child’s long-term success and happiness. How your child responds to school (happy or anxious) is a good determiner of how your child copes at school. Academic success is very much connected to emotional well-being, especially for children who require additional support.” Marion Kohler, Principal at Abbotts JHB South, says there are a number of reasons as to why a school does not work out for a student. “It could be for emotional reasons, where the child is not making friends, or there has been social isolation. Academic progress could also be a factor, where the child feels they are not getting the necessary support from the teachers or school, or that their subject offering is not aligned with future goals. “However, it is important to differentiate between typical challenges that can be overcome with time and support, and those that are perhaps just an incompatibility with the school environment. If the issues persist despite efforts to address them, it may be time to consider a change. A school cannot be everything to everybody.” Kohler says when considering changing schools, it is important to look at the specific needs of a child when looking for a good fit for children with specific challenges. “Most good schools will offer support for children with barriers to learning, in the form of concessions for exams and tests. There are also more niche schools that are very accommodating of children with mild autism, ADHD, learning barriers such as slow processing speeds, dyslexia, dyscalculia and those with mental health challenges. “If a child has neurodiverse challenges that are more severe than those mentioned, a school with a stronger support system, such as specialised education services and teachers trained in differentiated instruction for these types of students would be a better fit.” When investigating alternative options, word of mouth from current parents in a school would be wise, and definitely a visit to the school with an appointment to see the principal could support the decision to change schools. “Obviously, proximity to home, affordability and fit are important factors to consider. Thereafter, schedule an appointment with the principal and a tour of the school. One gets a ‘feel’ of the culture and climate of the school, what their offerings are and whether you think your child would settle in the environment,” says Kohler. When contemplating changing schools it is important to weigh up the concerns against potential opportunities, she says. “If the concerns are ongoing and are affecting a child emotionally, such as bullying, or a general anxiety, perhaps an online school or a school with fewer students may be a better fit. “However there is also value in remaining in the same school, as it allows students to build deeper relationships with peers and teachers and to develop coping mechanisms including grit, emotional regulation, resilience, perseverance and a growth mindset.”

September 5, 2024

Five ways to boost your baby’s brain development during pregnancy

Pregnancy is an exciting journey, and there are simple yet effective ways to support your baby’s brain development even before they arrive. Kelly Eyre, Quality and Pedagogy Lead at Dibber International Preschools, looks at how you can nurture your little one’s growth in a natural and enjoyable way. “First and foremost, paying attention to your diet can make a big difference. Eating a balanced diet with plenty of leafy greens, whole grains, lean proteins, and fresh fruits supports both your health and your baby’s brain development. Incorporate Omega-3-rich foods like fish, nuts, and seeds into your meals, and enjoy nutritious offerings like spinach and eggs. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water is also essential, so try to avoid excessive caffeine and processed foods. “Staying active is another wonderful way to support your baby’s growth. Regular, moderate exercise, such as walking or swimming, can enhance brain development. Many South African communities offer local exercise classes for expectant mothers, making it easier to stay fit and connected. Just be sure to consult your healthcare provider to choose activities that are safe and appropriate for you. “Your baby can start hearing sounds from around 25 weeks, so talking and singing to them can be incredibly beneficial. Share stories about your day, sing traditional South African lullabies, or simply chat about what’s happening around you. This not only helps build an early bond but also stimulates your baby’s auditory development. “Managing stress is crucial, as high stress levels can impact your baby’s development. Finding ways to relax, whether through meditation, deep breathing, or spending time in nature, can make a big difference. Enjoy the stunning landscapes or spend time with loved ones to create a peaceful environment for both you and your baby. “Finally, attending regular prenatal check-ups is vital for monitoring your health and your baby’s growth. These visits provide an opportunity for you to discuss any concerns and get personalised advice from your healthcare provider. They can guide you on the best ways to support your baby’s development and ensure everything is on track. “By integrating these practices into your daily life, you’re giving your baby a strong start and creating a nurturing environment even before their first breath. Embrace this special time and enjoy the journey of preparing for your little one’s arrival.”

September 4, 2024

Art and Craft Ideas to Stimulate Right Brain Development in the Early Years

Art and craft activities play a vital role in children’s early development, particularly in stimulating the right hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for creativity, imagination, and emotional expression. For young children aged six and under, engaging in these activities not only nurtures their artistic skills but also introduces them to the rich cultural and natural diversity of their surroundings. “Engaging children in arts and crafts activities from a young age is essential for their cognitive and emotional growth,” says Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools. “These activities help children develop fine motor skills, spatial awareness, and an appreciation for the beauty around them, fostering a lifelong love for creativity and learning.” Here are some age-appropriate arts and craft ideas designed to foster creativity and cognitive growth while celebrating South Africa’s unique heritage: Nature Collage: Take a leisurely stroll through a local park or garden, gathering leaves, flowers, and small pebbles. Back at home, transform these natural treasures into collages on sturdy paper or cardboard. This hands-on activity encourages children to explore textures and shapes while developing fine motor skills as they arrange and glue down their creations. Cardboard Box Creations: Unleash creativity by repurposing cardboard boxes into imaginative structures such as castles, forts, or vehicles. Using simple art supplies like markers, stickers, or paints, children can personalise their creations, fostering spatial awareness and problem-solving skills through play. Paper Plate Masks: Explore South Africa’s cultural richness by crafting masks inspired by local animals or traditional designs using paper plates and safe craft materials. Decorating these masks with paint, feathers, or yarn encourages imaginative role-play while introducing children to different cultural elements in a fun and interactive way. Salt Dough Shapes: Mix flour, salt, and water to create pliable salt dough. Guide children in shaping the dough into animals or simple sculptures, which can be air-dried and painted afterwards. This tactile experience enhances sensory exploration and creativity, allowing children to express themselves through three-dimensional art. Recycled Art Collage: Promote environmental stewardship by collecting recyclable materials like cardboard tubes, bottle caps, and egg cartons. Help children create collages or sculptures by arranging and glueing these items onto paper or cardboard, fostering creativity while instilling a sense of responsibility towards the environment. Bubble Wrap Printing: Transform ordinary bubble wrap into a printing tool by dipping it into non-toxic paint and pressing it onto paper. This sensory-rich activity not only introduces children to different textures but also allows them to create unique patterns and designs, stimulating artistic exploration and experimentation. Found Object Art: Go on outdoor adventures to collect natural objects such as leaves, shells, or small stones. Then, back indoors, use these found treasures to create simple artworks or patterns on paper, encouraging children to appreciate the beauty of nature while expressing themselves artistically. Easy Origami and Paper Crafts: Introduce children to the ancient art of origami or simple paper crafts using colourful paper. From folding animals to crafting bookmarks or greeting cards, these activities enhance fine motor skills and spatial awareness while providing endless opportunities for creative expression. “By embracing these age-appropriate projects inspired by South Africa’s rich heritage and natural beauty, families can create meaningful experiences that foster imagination, skill development, and a deeper connection to their surroundings,” Assis adds. “Let these activities be a gateway to endless exploration and discovery as children learn and grow through the joy of creating art.”

August 26, 2024

Understanding Bullying in Preschool: A Heartfelt Perspective

As both the head of curriculum at a preschool and a mother of two—one of whom is on the autism spectrum—I carry a unique blend of personal and professional insights into early childhood social dynamics. Being on the spectrum myself allows me to view the challenges children face through a deeply empathetic lens. I often see parents’ concern when their little ones come home with stories of being treated unfairly by classmates. Worrying is natural, but it is essential to understand that what may seem like bullying in preschool is often just children learning to navigate their social world. So, what is bullying? Bullying is defined as repeated and intentional harm—whether physical, verbal, or emotional. However, in preschool, these actions often stem from children trying to assert themselves, explore boundaries, or express their needs and feelings. At this tender age, they are still mastering the skills needed for positive interactions with their peers. In our vibrant South African classrooms, we celebrate a rich tapestry of cultures, languages, and backgrounds. While this diversity can sometimes lead to misunderstandings, it also provides a wonderful opportunity to teach empathy, respect, and inclusion. When a child snatches a toy or lightly pushes another, it’s often because they’re unsure how to ask for a turn or express their feelings. If teasing or exclusion happens, it’s usually a way for them to test social limits rather than a deliberate attempt to hurt. While sometimes concerning, these behaviours are part of a normal learning process at this age. Imagine if every child knew how valuable they are—creating a heart-centred individual ready to engage compassionately with the world. This awareness can lay the groundwork for them to grow into caring individuals who positively impact those around them. As educators, we guide children toward healthy social behaviours by modelling respectful interactions. We teach them to share, take turns, and use kind words, nurturing empathy by encouraging them to reflect on how their actions affect others. It’s vital for children to recognise their own worth. When they understand their value, they are more likely to treat others with kindness and respect. Positive reinforcement plays a significant role here; celebrating cooperative behaviour and acts of kindness reinforces the idea that empathy and collaboration are profoundly important. Establishing clear, consistent boundaries helps children grasp acceptable behaviour. When conflicts arise, we address them promptly and constructively, guiding them toward better ways to connect. Parents are key players in this journey. Engaging in conversations about your child’s day, asking about their friendships, and discussing how they handle challenges can provide valuable insights. Role-playing different scenarios at home can equip your child with tools for positive interactions and responses to demanding situations. Consistency between home and school in encouraging these behaviours is essential. Our goal is to foster understanding and compassion, helping children navigate the complexities of social interactions with confidence and kindness. By addressing early signs of bullying with empathy, we create an environment where every child feels valued and understood. Together, we can nurture a generation that not only recognises their own worth but also extends kindness to others, laying the foundation for a more harmonious and inclusive society. Written by Kelly Eyre, Quality and Pedagogy Lead at Dibber International Preschools

August 19, 2024

The Power of Independent Play: A guide for parents

As parents, we all remember those moments from our childhood, lost in a world of make-believe with our toys, following our own lead. Independent play offers that same magical experience for young explorers today, and the benefits go far beyond just keeping them occupied. It’s about nurturing their creativity, confidence, problem-solving skills, and independence – all crucial for their development. Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools, emphasises the importance of independent play. “Encouraging children to play independently fosters essential life skills and prepares them for future challenges. It’s a beautiful way to nurture their creativity and confidence. “Independent play can sound intimidating to parents who worry their children will get bored, frustrated, or lost along the way. However, independent play isn’t about leaving your child on their own. Children often thrive with a bit of structured guidance and a safe, stimulating environment that sparks their curiosity and invites them to explore. “Start by creating a safe and enchanting space that inspires your child’s imagination. Fill it with a variety of age-appropriate toys and materials that encourage exploration and creativity. This could be a cosy corner of your home transformed into a mini-adventure land with open-ended toys like blocks, dolls, puzzles, and art supplies. Rotate the toys and objects periodically to keep things fresh and inspiring. “Independent play is when your child dives into their world of activities without needing direct help from adults or peers. It’s about them taking the lead, entertaining themselves, making their own play decisions, and exploring their interests solo. This kind of play is vital for “their growth, fostering creativity, problem-solving skills, self-reliance, and emotional balance. “As they navigate their play world independently, children learn to trust their abilities and problem-solving skills. During independent play, they engage in critical thinking, build a sense of autonomy, and grow more confident in their abilities. For example, when children build a block tower, they learn to think creatively about preventing it from falling, control their emotions, and regulate their behaviour. “Independent play is a training ground for problem-solving. Playing alone requires children to entertain themselves and think creatively, fostering innovative thinking. Imagine a child trying to fix a toy that isn’t working as expected – this critical thinking is essential for tackling challenges now and in the future. “Playing independently also allows children to explore their emotions and experiment with different ways of expressing themselves in a safe space. Acting out a story with toys can help them process feelings of frustration or sadness, teaching them valuable emotional regulation skills. “One of the most delightful benefits of independent play is that it taps into children’s creativity and imagination. They can be superheroes, doctors, or even astronauts within their play space, seeing the world from different perspectives and thinking creatively about solving problems. Independent play is essential for building self-confidence. As children navigate their play world on their own, they discover their talents and interests. Imagine the pride on a child’s face when they complete a puzzle all by themselves or create a masterpiece with their crayons. “In today’s fast-paced world, it’s more important than ever for children to learn how to entertain themselves. Independent play reduces their reliance on screens for entertainment, encouraging them to read a book, draw, or invent their own games. “Independent play also prepares children for school, where they may have to engage socially but spend time playing alone. It helps with emotional development and self-regulation and enhances their attention span. Additionally, they learn to manage their time, share resources, and navigate social interactions. “While your child takes centre stage during the independent play, you’re not completely out of the picture. It’s important to offer encouragement with a simple “Have fun!” or “Wow, that’s a cool tower!” to show your interest. Let your child know you’re nearby in case they need help, but resist the urge to jump in and solve problems for them. “By fostering a child’s ability to play independently, parents and caregivers can support their growth and development meaningfully. Encouraging independent play helps children build essential life skills and prepares them for future challenges and successes,” Assis concludes.

August 12, 2024

NAVIGATING THE CHALLENGES OF OVERSCHEDULING CHILDREN – FINDING THE RIGHT BALANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA

In today’s fast-paced world, it’s easy for South African parents to fall into the trap of overscheduling their children. Our little ones can quickly find their days packed from morning till night between school, sports, cultural activities, and playdates. For children aged 6 and under, finding the right balance is crucial for their development and well-being. In South Africa, where cultural diversity and vibrant community life offer a plethora of activities, it can be tempting to enrol children in everything from soccer to dance and from isiZulu classes to music lessons. However, overscheduling can lead to stress and fatigue, even in the youngest children. Imagine the life of a child who spends most of their day moving from one activity to another without a moment to breathe. The joy of exploring their surroundings, playing freely, and simply being a child gets overshadowed by the constant rush of scheduled activities. As parents, we want the best for our children, aiming to provide them with opportunities to learn and grow. However, it’s important to remember that unstructured playtime is equally valuable. Free play allows children to use their imagination, develop social skills, and learn at their own pace. It’s during these moments of unstructured time that they often discover their interests and talents. Children thrive when they have a mix of structured activities and free play. Think of it as creating a balance between learning and relaxation. Structured activities, like soccer practice or a dance class, help develop specific skills and introduce children to teamwork and discipline. On the other hand, free play fosters creativity, problem-solving abilities, and independence. To find this balance, start by observing your child. Notice how they react to different activities and their overall mood. Are they excited and eager to participate, or do they seem tired and overwhelmed? Listening to your child’s cues can guide you in adjusting. In South Africa, creating a weekly schedule that includes downtime is beneficial. This doesn’t mean eliminating all activities but rather spacing them out and ensuring there are periods for rest and relaxation. Having a predictable routine helps children feel secure, but it should be flexible enough to accommodate their need for free time. Communication is key. Talk to your child about their day and how they feel about the activities they are involved in. Their feedback is valuable and can provide insights into what they truly enjoy. Sometimes, children might not verbally express their feelings but might show signs of distress through behaviour changes, such as irritability or a lack of enthusiasm. Family time is another important aspect of achieving balance. Simple activities like reading a book together, going for a walk, or cooking a meal can be incredibly enriching. These moments not only strengthen family bonds but also give children a sense of stability and comfort. In South Africa, where community and family are deeply valued, it’s essential to manage our expectations and resist the pressure to fill every moment with structured activities. Trust that giving children the freedom to explore and play on their own terms is just as important for their growth. By finding a balance between scheduled activities and free play, we create an environment where our children can flourish. They will learn to enjoy both the structured opportunities to learn new skills and the invaluable time to simply be kids. In the rich and diverse cultural tapestry of South Africa, striking this balance will help our children grow up healthy, happy, and well-rounded. Article by: Kelly Grace Eyre

August 5, 2024

Reimagining early childhood education: The power of play and innovation

As the newly appointed Head of Early Learning Services (ELS) and Junior Preparatory at Reddam House Bedfordview, I find myself in the fortunate position of working in an environment that directly supports my belief in the power of play in early childhood development. Drawing on the wisdom of renowned psychologist Jean Piaget, who said, “Play is the work of childhood,” and Fred Rogers, who emphasised that play is serious learning, I firmly believe that adopting a play-based approach is not just beneficial but imperative for preparing children for the future. The Reggio Emilia approach offers a powerful method that reflects much of the recent research into early childhood development. The transformative role of play From my experience and observation, the first few years of a child’s life lay the foundation for lifelong learning, shaping their academic experience as well as their social and emotional development. Research consistently shows that play is crucial for cognitive, social, and emotional development in early childhood. A recent study in ‘Frontiers in Psychology’ (2022) highlights how structured play enhances executive functioning skills, such as working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control—skills that are critical for academic success and lifelong learning. Preparing for the future job market We are preparing this generation for a job market that will be vastly different due to technological advancements and the rise of artificial intelligence. It is clear that future jobs will demand not only technical proficiency but also strong interpersonal skills. Play-based learning environments naturally cultivate these attributes, helping children develop creativity, problem-solving skills, and the ability to collaborate with peers. A 2023 study in the ‘Early Childhood Education Journal’ supports this, showing how integrating digital tools into play-based learning enhances educational outcomes by providing interactive and immersive experiences. Adapting to a post-pandemic world The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on children’s social development, with many experiencing long periods of isolation and increased screen time. As educators, we must adapt our approaches to address these challenges. While technology is undoubtedly a part of our children’s futures, we must prioritise teaching human interactions alongside digital literacy. Research from the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) in 2023 emphasises that play-based environments are particularly effective in promoting social-emotional learning (SEL), helping children develop empathy, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills. The neuroscience of early development Neuroscience underscores the critical importance of the early years in shaping brain development. In the first six years of life, the brain develops rapidly, forming many neural connections. Educators can leverage this period to establish pathways that support lifelong learning and resilience. The Harvard Centre on the Developing Child (2023) highlights how unstructured play builds resilience, allowing children to navigate uncertainties and recover from setbacks—traits essential for adapting to future challenges. Outdoor play and environmental awareness Incorporating outdoor play into the curriculum is not only crucial for physical health and sensory development but also fosters environmental stewardship. A 2022 study in ‘Nature Sustainability’ found that early exposure to nature through play helps children develop a strong sense of environmental responsibility, which is crucial for addressing future ecological challenges. Embracing the Reggio Emilia approach The Reggio Emilia educational approach offers a powerful model for early childhood education, emphasising the child as an active participant in their learning journey. By promoting autonomy, creativity, and critical thinking from an early age, this approach aligns perfectly with our goals at Reddam House Bedfordview. Through hands-on experiences and project-based learning, children explore their interests and express themselves through various forms of art, building essential social skills along the way. Conclusion: Redefining early childhood education Early childhood education is no longer just a precursor to formal schooling – it is a pivotal phase that shapes a child’s life trajectory. By embracing play-based approaches like the Reggio Emilia method, we can foster a deep love for learning and prepare children for a complex and interconnected world. It is our responsibility as educators to create environments that encourage curiosity, creativity, and collaboration, helping to cultivate the next generation of innovative thinkers and empathetic leaders. The integration of play-based learning provides a holistic approach to education that prepares children not just for school, but for life. Embracing this transformative potential redefines early childhood education and paves the way for a brighter future. By Abigail Smulders, Head of ELS and Junior Preparatory at Reddam House Bedfordview

July 26, 2024

Indoor Family Activities for those cold Winter Days South African Style

Winter often confines families indoors, but Dibber International Preschools encourages families to view this as an opportunity to bond and learn together. Ursula Assis, Country Director at Dibber International Preschools, emphasises the importance of embracing indoor activities that entertain and enrich. “During the colder months, it’s a great idea to engage in activities that keep our spirits high and our family connections strong,” says Assis. Creative Indoor Family Activities for the Winter Season Assis suggests several indoor activities that are perfect for family bonding during Winter: Teaching New Life Skills: This is an excellent time for children to learn practical skills such as sewing, cooking, or organising. These activities are not just educational; they are opportunities for families to bond over shared tasks and stories. In-House Dance Party: To keep energy levels up and beat the Winter blues, Assis recommends turning up the music for a dance party in your living room. This activity is fun for all ages and a wonderful way to stay active. Indoor South African Braai: Bring the beloved tradition of a braai indoors. Families can cook traditional dishes on the stovetop or oven, creating a festive and educational culinary experience. Indoor Scavenger Hunts: Transform a regular day into an adventure with an indoor scavenger hunt. This activity is fantastic for kids to explore their home environment in a fun and engaging way. DIY Craft Projects with a South African Twist: Crafting projects like beaded jewellery or mini Zulu shields occupy hands and open discussions about South African culture and heritage. Cooking Traditional South African Dishes Together: Winter is perfect for warming up the kitchen with the aromas of dishes like bobotie or koeksisters, teaching kids about culinary traditions while creating delicious meals. Storytelling and Writing: Encouraging children to tell stories or write together fosters creativity and language skills. This time can also be used to share family histories, deepening connections between generations. Creating a Family Time Capsule: Capture memories by creating a time capsule with items that signify current family life to be opened in the future. Playing Traditional South African Games: Games like Morabaraba or Jukskei teach children about cultural history while providing a fun challenge. Exploring South African Music and Dance: Discovering South African music’s diverse sounds and movements can be an enlightening and enjoyable experience for the whole family. Embracing the Spirit of Ubuntu Indoors “The spirit of Ubuntu—’ I am because we are’—guides our approach to these activities, reinforcing the interconnectedness and warmth within families and communities,” concludes Assis. By incorporating these engaging and educational activities into their routine, families can ensure that the winter season is a time of joy, learning, and togetherness.

July 25, 2024

Language and Literacy: The Benefits of Reading in Young Children and it’s Vital Importance in South Africa

As parents in South Africa, we all want the best for our children. We dream of bright futures filled with opportunities. One of the most effective ways to set our children on the path to success is by fostering early language and literacy skills. Reading plays a crucial role in this journey, offering numerous benefits that extend far beyond the pages of a book. In this blog, we’ll explore how reading benefits young children and why it is especially important for us here in South Africa. The Importance of Early Language and Literacy Development Language and literacy are the building blocks of education. They involve the ability to understand, use, and enjoy language in all its forms—speaking, listening, reading, and writing. When we start fostering these skills early in our children’s lives, we lay a strong foundation for their future learning and development. As South African parents, we have the unique opportunity to enrich our children’s lives through storytelling, conversations, and reading. In our culturally diverse nation, this can also mean sharing stories in multiple languages and celebrating our rich heritage while boosting our children’s cognitive abilities. Benefits of Reading for Young Children Cognitive Benefits Vocabulary Expansion: Reading to our children introduces them to a variety of words and phrases they might not hear in everyday conversations. This helps expand their vocabulary and enhances their ability to express themselves. Improved Comprehension Skills: Regular reading helps children understand and process information better. This skill is crucial for their academic success and overall cognitive development. Social Benefits Better Communication Skills: Children who are read to frequently develop superior communication skills. They learn how to articulate their thoughts and listen actively, which are essential skills for social interactions and future learning. Enhanced Empathy: Stories allow children to see the world from different perspectives. This exposure helps them develop empathy and understanding towards others, fostering a sense of community and respect. Emotional Benefits Bonding with Caregivers: Reading together is a special time for bonding. It provides a sense of security and belonging, strengthening the emotional connection between parents and children. Stress Reduction: The soothing nature of reading can help children relax and manage their emotions better, reducing stress and anxiety. Challenges and Opportunities in South Africa South Africa faces several challenges in promoting early literacy, but there are also many opportunities to make a positive impact. Overview of Literacy Rates: Despite progress, literacy rates in South Africa remain a concern, particularly in rural and under-resourced areas. Many children do not have access to books or quality early childhood education. Socio-Economic Disparities: Economic challenges can limit access to books and learning materials, making it harder for some families to prioritize reading. Opportunities for Improvement Government Initiatives: Various government policies and programs aim to improve education and literacy. Supporting these initiatives can help create a more literate society. Community Programs: Grassroots initiatives and non-profit organizations often provide books, training, and support to families and educators. Getting involved in these programs can make a significant difference. Role of Technology: With the rise of digital platforms and mobile apps, more children can access reading materials and literacy programs. Leveraging technology can help bridge the gap for many children. 1,000 Books Before Age 6: A Vital Goal There is a growing movement encouraging parents to read 1,000 books to their children before they turn six. This might sound daunting, but breaking it down means just one book a day over three years. Here’s why this goal is so important: Building a Strong Foundation: Reading a vast number of books exposes children to a wide range of vocabulary, ideas, and concepts, strengthening their cognitive abilities. Developing a Love for Reading: Consistent reading fosters a love for books and learning, setting the stage for lifelong educational success. Improving Concentration and Patience: Regular reading sessions help improve a child’s attention span and patience, skills that are crucial for school readiness. Enhancing Imagination and Creativity: Diverse stories stimulate a child’s imagination and creativity, helping them think outside the box. Strengthening Parent-Child Bond: The daily ritual of reading together strengthens the emotional bond between parents and children, creating lasting memories. In South Africa, reaching this goal can have profound impacts, especially in under-resourced communities where early literacy can be a game-changer for future educational success. The Importance of Reading to Children as Parents As parents, we are our children’s first and most influential teachers. Reading to our children is one of the most impactful ways we can support their development. Here’s why it matters so much: Creating a Nurturing Environment: Reading aloud to your child provides a comforting and secure environment. It’s a special time for bonding and shows your child that they are loved and valued. Setting a Positive Example: When children see their parents engaging with books, they are more likely to develop a positive attitude toward reading themselves. Encouraging Curiosity and Imagination: Books open up new worlds and ideas, stimulating your child’s imagination and curiosity. This encourages creative thinking and a love for learning. Preparing for Academic Success: Early reading habits prepare children for the academic demands of school, giving them a head start in literacy and comprehension skills. Fostering Independence: As children grow, their ability to read independently enhances their self-confidence and sense of achievement. Strategies to Promote Reading in Young Children Tips for Parents and Caregivers Make Reading a Daily Habit: Incorporate reading into your daily routine. Even a few minutes a day can make a big difference. Choose Age-Appropriate and Diverse Books: Select books that are suitable for your child’s age and interests. Include stories from different cultures and languages to broaden their horizons. Engage in Discussions About the Stories: Talk about the stories you read together. Ask questions, encourage your child to share their thoughts, and relate the stories to their own experiences. Role of Schools and Educators Incorporate Regular Reading Sessions: Ensure that reading is a regular part of the school day. This can foster a love for books and learning. Provide a Variety of

July 18, 2024

Forgiveness: A Gentle Guide for Young Hearts

Forgiveness is an important value that helps our children grow into kind and understanding individuals. In South Africa, where we have a beautiful mix of cultures and traditions, teaching forgiveness from a young age can help create a community where everyone feels loved and accepted. What is Forgiveness? Forgiveness means letting go of hurt feelings when someone does something that makes us sad or upset. It’s like saying, “It’s okay, I won’t stay mad at you.” Forgiveness doesn’t mean we forget what happened or that it didn’t matter; it means we choose to move forward with a happy heart. Why is Forgiveness Important? For young children, forgiveness helps build strong friendships and maintain a positive outlook on life. It teaches them to be empathetic and to understand that everyone makes mistakes. Practising forgiveness in our diverse South African communities can foster unity and harmony. Teaching Forgiveness You can show your children how to forgive by practising it yourself. If you make a mistake, apologise and explain that everyone can be forgiven. Reading stories that highlight forgiveness can also be very impactful. Tales from our rich South African heritage, like those of Nelson Mandela’s forgiveness, can help children understand the power of forgiving. During playtime, encourage your child to share and resolve conflicts amicably. If a disagreement happens, guide them through the process of forgiving. Praise them when they forgive someone, saying things like, “I’m so proud of you for forgiving your friend. That was very kind.” Encouraging Forgiveness A simple activity to encourage forgiveness is creating a Forgiveness Jar. Have a special jar where your child can place a note whenever they forgive someone. At the end of the week, read the notes together and celebrate their kind heart. Role-playing can also be very effective. Use dolls or stuffed animals to act out situations where forgiveness is needed. This makes the concept more relatable and understandable for young minds. Art and crafts can be another way to help your child express their feelings. Encourage them to draw or paint their emotions. Discuss their artwork and gently guide them towards understanding and expressing forgiveness. Cultural Connections In South Africa, we have a concept called ‘Ubuntu’, which means “I am because we are.” This philosophy emphasises our interconnectedness and the importance of community. Teaching forgiveness aligns perfectly with Ubuntu, helping children understand that forgiving others strengthens our bonds and builds a better society. Teaching forgiveness to our little ones is like planting a seed that will grow into a strong, compassionate tree. As parents, we have the wonderful opportunity to nurture this value in our children, helping them to become loving and understanding individuals. Let’s embrace the spirit of Ubuntu and make forgiveness a fundamental part of our children’s lives. By nurturing forgiveness in our children, we are creating a child with a heart for the world. Thank you for being such wonderful guides for your young ones. Together, we can create a world full of kindness and understanding, one small heart at a time. Article by: Kelly Grace Eyre

July 11, 2024

Incidental Learning in Children

The Impact of Hearing Difficulties and the Importance of Early Intervention Incidental learning is the process by which children absorb information from their environment, often without direct instruction. This type of learning is crucial for developing language, social skills, and cognitive abilities. However, children with hearing difficulties may miss out on many of these learning opportunities, which can impact their development. At NB Hearing and Balance, we support early intervention to help children reach their full potential. The Role of Incidental Learning What is Incidental Learning? Incidental learning occurs as children interact with their surroundings. This can happen during conversations while listening to stories, or through observing interactions between others. It plays a vital role in: Language Development: Children pick up vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation through listening to speech around them. Social Skills: By overhearing conversations, children learn social norms, empathy, and appropriate responses. Cognitive Growth: Incidental learning helps in understanding concepts, problem-solving, and critical thinking. How Hearing Difficulties Affect Incidental Learning Children with hearing difficulties may not fully hear or understand conversations, instructions, or environmental sounds. This can lead to: Delayed Language Acquisition: They may struggle with vocabulary, sentence structure, and overall language comprehension. Social Isolation: Difficulty in following social interactions can hinder the development of social skills, leading to isolation or withdrawal. Delayed Development of Auditory Processing Skills: Hearing loss can lead to auditory processing difficulties that may impact reading and spelling. Academic Challenges: Hearing difficulties can impact the ability to follow classroom discussions, instructions, and peer interactions, leading to academic delays. The Importance of Early Intervention Early detection and intervention for hearing difficulties are crucial for minimising the impact on incidental learning and overall development. Benefits of early intervention include: Enhanced Language Skills: Early use of hearing aids or other assistive devices helps children hear and learn language more effectively. Improved Social Integration: With better hearing, children can engage more fully in social interactions, leading to better social skills and relationships. Academic Success: Addressing hearing issues early allows children to participate more fully in classroom activities, improving their academic performance. Intervention Strategies: Regular Hearing Screenings: Early and regular hearing tests can detect issues promptly. Solving Medically Treatable Hearing Loss: A thorough assessment can identify hearing loss caused by ear issues, leading to the right referrals and the restoration of hearing as early as possible. Use of Hearing Aids: When medical or surgical treatment is not an option, properly fitted hearing aids or cochlear implants can significantly improve hearing and restore access to sound, improving learning and development. Speech and Language Therapy: Targeted therapy can help children catch up on language skills they may have missed. Educational Support: Schools can provide additional support and resources to help children with hearing difficulties succeed academically. We Can Help! Incidental learning is a critical component of a child’s development, and hearing difficulties can pose significant challenges. However, these challenges can be mitigated with early detection and appropriate intervention, allowing children to thrive. Prioritising hearing health and seeking timely professional help ensures that children have the best possible start in life. If you have concerns about your child’s hearing, don’t wait. Schedule a consultation with NB Hearing & Balance at any of our Cape Town offices and take the first step towards ensuring your child’s healthy development and bright future.

July 8, 2024

Is my child ready to start primary school?

“Will my child be able to keep up in class? Will they make friends? Will they be able to go without me for a longer school day? Will they enjoy school and feel confident to try new things?” These are some of the questions that parents may have as their children near school-going age. Starting “big school” is a major milestone for every child and something that’s both exciting and potentially scary. But how do you know if your child is ready? According to Dr Jenny Wright, Pre- and Primary School Curriculum Head at Curro Holdings, it is important that preschools prioritise their school readiness approach. This will ensure that children and parents navigate the transition from preschool to primary school with ease. She cites Dr Melodie de Jager, founder of the Mind Moves Institute and early childhood development specialist, who says there are three major milestones that signify readiness for primary school: The child can sit still and sit straight. Dr Wright says that this requires core strength, achieved through hours of physical play. Children also need to be able to manage themselves (to self-regulate) for long enough to learn from their seat in the classroom The child can listen to instructions and make a connection between a sound and a picture. This will have come through hours of listening to stories, songs, rhymes and exercises focusing on the ability to work with sounds in spoken language. The child can grip a pencil with ease. This is learned through fine-motor development play, such as tearing paper, playing with blocks and lego, creating art and patterns, with various media, and manipulating playdough, sand and water. Beyond these milestones, Dr Wright says the most important thing a parent needs to check is whether the child feels confident. “Are they sure of their ability to problem solve and do things independently?” she says. “Children should not begin Grade 1 before the age of six because they need to be socially and emotionally ready as well as physically and cognitively. All of these factors play a crucial role in learning, coping and belonging at school.” Parents have an important role to play in building a child’s confidence. “Parents need to build a child’s sense of belonging,” says Dr Wright. “A child’s need to feel loved unconditionally is fundamental to their ability to achieve independence and self-confidence. Parents can assist in building a sense of achievement when children manage tasks independently, listen to and follow instructions, or show emotional control and consideration for others. All of these “skills” can be fostered and developed at home and stand a child in good stead for a positive start to primary school.” Grade R is for “ready” Dr Wright says that preschool focuses on early childhood development and that this continues in Grade R. During this ‘reception’ year many multi-sensory activities help children to learn concretely, and thus prepare them for the world of symbols and numbers in Grade 1. “At Curro, we understand the significance of Grade R in a child’s schooling journey,” she says. “When approached correctly, this foundation can have a major impact on the child’s life-long self-confidence and future academic success. The play-based, skills-based approach followed in our Grade R classrooms is designed to prepare children holistically for the transition to formal learning in Grade 1. The emphasis in Grade R is on purposeful, often teacher-directed play intended to build physical, social, emotional, and cognitive skills. This approach enables children to think, plan, make decisions, and problem-solve; all the while building the essential core strength and physical agility that will be required in a formal, paper-based setting.” She adds that it’s important to allow children to progress and reach their milestones at their own pace. “Some children are developmentally ahead of their peers at the start of Grade 1, but their friends soon catch up. A child should never feel that they are ‘behind’, as a knock to their self-confidence at this stage can be very damaging to their future confidence – even at Grade 12-level. It is important to remember that children starting in Grade 1 are still effectively Grade R learners and should be seen as such. Children learn at their own pace and have their own individual learning styles and needs. Parents and schools should recognise children’s individuality.” For more information about Curro’s preschool and Grade R offering, visit curro.co.za. References De Jager, M, Efimove, O. and Efimova, V. (2020) GRAVITY – A missing link in child development. Johannesburg, Mind Moves Institute Publishing.

July 5, 2024

A Safe Space is Essential to a Child’s Wellbeing and Growth

As a parent what should your pre-school do to safeguard your children? The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive guide to creating an environment that allows children to thrive. This guide embodies a child’s right to a safe environment and an education that helps them develop who they are, their talents, and their abilities. It’s crucial to acknowledge these rights for every child and provide them with a space where they can thrive. The Importance of a Safe Space Ursula Assis, Country Director, Dibber International Pre-schools, explains. “Children need an environment that promotes healthy practices and focuses on their physical, mental and social wellbeing as this allows them to maximise their learning abilities,” says Assis. A fact reinforced by research from the Thomas B. Fordham Institute that said ‘feeling safe and valued is vital to a child’s development’. The Institute also pointed out that such an environment doesn’t happen by chance – it is the product of strategy, evolving through clearly defined rules and expectations embedded within the school. “We believe it is important to take a proactive and preventative approach to safeguarding children. Health and safety risk assessments are undertaken regularly, and we remain current with any legislative requirements required in South Africa,” adds Assis. What are the key safeguarding strategies in place at Dibber? Staff are trained in health and safety regulations and expectations regarding children’s health and safety as well as environmental and school health and safety. Parents can request insight into the policies defining acceptable and unacceptable standards of health and safety as this gives them visibility into Dibber’s principles and commitment to the health and wellbeing of their children. These policies are included in the parent contracts, unit manager operations handbooks, staff handbooks and staff training materials. Staff undertake continuous assessment and training to ensure the best possible care for children in an environment that is nurturing, safe, and healthy. What legislation is recognised by the school as integral to the health, safety and wellbeing of children? The Children’s Act 38 of 2005 and the Children’s Amendment Act 2007 that regulate the establishment of Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres. The National Environmental Norms and Standards for Premises, Notice 1229 of 2015, National Health Act 61 of 2003. The Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993. Foodstuffs, Cosmetics & Disinfectants Act 54 of 1972. Regulations No.638 of 22 June 2018 governing General Hygiene Requirements for Food Premises, the Transport of Food and Related Matters. “These are just a few of the Acts and regulatory policies we follow at Dibber. In addition to the above, we follow whitepapers on childhood development, nutrition regulations, and educational policies. Our list is comprehensive and detailed, and consistently updated to ensure we are always aligned with state, provincial and local authority legislation. “We have also developed forms, documents and protocols designed to prioritise a child’s health, safety and wellbeing throughout the school. We have applications and forms for compliance, medication, parental reporting, childcare protocols and a detailed safeguarding policy.” Dibber invests in monthly risk assessments to ensure staff identify and monitor potential hazards, monthly inspections of indoor and outdoor spaces and equipment, and has paid time and attention to cultivating a culture of proactive safeguarding and hazard management. “We have also refined our admissions policy to ensure safeguarding children starts from the very beginning of our relationship with parents and their children. We consider the individual situation of every child and assess any disability and/or neurodivergent developmental condition, so we ensure they can benefit from our resources and staff in a space that prioritises their wellbeing. “All our schools also have stringent access control and security measures in place to ensure the safety and wellbeing of everyone within our facilities. Every step is carefully managed and monitored from arrival to departure to visitors. We believe that by prioritising safety at every touchpoint throughout the school, we give parents peace of mind and children peace within which to thrive. Our focus is on cultivating and maintaining a safe and nurturing environment where children can thrive and discover their full potential,” concludes Assis.

July 4, 2024

The power of  play  is real

With the focus on Youth in June, Dibber International Preschools  emphasises the importance of pretend  play in childhood development. Ursula Assis, Country Director, urges parents and educators not to overlook the power of  play  amidst  the pursuit of academic achievements. “While the focus on achieving specific learning outcomes is important, it’s equally crucial to recognise the role of imaginative play in a child’s holistic development,” says Assis. The Significance of  Pretend Play Pretend  play, or imaginative  play, is a vital  part of childhood that goes beyond mere entertainment. It is integral to the developmental process, helping children explore and understand the world around them. “Engaging in pretend play allows children to use their creativity while developing critical cognitive, social, and emotional skills,” Assis explains. Stages of Pretend Play and Developmental Milestones Pretend  play  evolves as children grow, with each stage corresponding to specific developmental milestones: Symbolic  Play (18 to 24 months): Toddlers begin to understand object substitution, such as using a block as a phone. Dramatic  Play (2.5 to 3 years): Children start to enact familiar experiences, often using dolls or stuffed animals to represent people they know. Role-Playing (3 years and up): Children adopt various roles from their everyday lives, enhancing their ability to navigate social situations. Imaginary Objects (3 to 4 years): Preschoolers engage with elements that are not physically present, like pretending to drink from an empty cup. Pretend Play with Others (3 to 4 years): This stage involves interaction with peers, where children begin to cooperate and negotiate roles in a shared play scenario. Fantasy Play (4 years and up): Children delve into more complex, imaginative scenarios, often involving magical or fantastical elements. Imaginary Friends (4 to 5 years): The creation of imaginary companions helps children explore different aspects of their personality and the world. The Benefits of Pretend Play Pretend  play is more than just fun. It provides essential benefits that contribute to a child’s development: Creative and Critical Thinking: Children learn to think creatively and solve problems while navigating their invented scenarios. Communication and Social Skills: Engaging in role-play  enhances verbal and  non-verbal  communication, teaching children to express themselves clearly and understand others. Emotional Intelligence: By acting out different roles, children  develop empathy and the ability to manage their own emotions. Self-Regulation and Conflict Resolution: Pretend  play  often requires children to follow rules they set for themselves, helping them develop self-discipline and negotiation skills. Celebrating Youth Month with a Focus on Well-being This June, Dibber International Preschools celebrates the intrinsic value of play in education. “It’s essential that we provide our children with ample opportunities to engage in pretend  play. This  not only  supports their immediate happiness and satisfaction  but also  contributes to their long-term well-being and success,” concludes Assis.

June 24, 2024

Hogan Lovells and Impande partnership puts spotlight on need for urgent intervention in Early Childhood Development

Did you know that 61% of children in South Africa are developmentally behind or at risk due to malnutrition and poor stimulation? In addition, more than 50% of Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres are unable to access the government subsidy and operate from poor facilities with minimum resources. Unfortunately, only 46% of 4–5-year-olds in early learning centres across the country are on track for early learning by the time they start Grade R. For the past fourteen years, Impande, a non-profit organisation, has been working with grassroots organisations in marginalised communities in South Africa, with a keen focus on ECD. The organisation currently operates in all four municipalities in UGU District and Ubuhlebezwe and uMzimkhulu Municipalities in Harry Gwala District, KwaZulu-Natal, as well as Ntabankulu, Umzimvubu, and Winnie-Madikizela Mandela Municipalities in Alfred Nzo District, Eastern Cape. In KwaZulu-Natal, the Early Childhood Development sector faces numerous challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of resources, and limited access to quality ECD programmes. The Department of Social Development in KwaZulu-Natal, reports that only 30% of children aged 0-4 years have access to ECD services. The picture is also bleak in the Eastern Cape, where the ECD sector faces similar challenges. According to a report by the Department of Social Development in the Eastern Cape, only 25% of children aged 0-4 years have access to ECD services. Despite government prioritising the support of ECD, subsidies and resources are still not reaching marginalised communities because most of the centres operating in these areas are unregistered, making them effectively invisible. Brian Lingett, Director at Impande says, “Operating in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape is driven by the urgent need for intervention in the ECD sector in these provinces. By working with grassroots organisations in these communities, we aim to improve the quality of ECD programs and ensure that more children have access to them, laying the foundation for their future success in life”. What sets Impande apart from other organisations is the level of data they collect and transform into actionable initiatives and subsequent results with the help of ECD centres. Field workers collect ECD data through the Impande CommCareApp and their case management system allows for the application of an algorithm that produces investment shortlists. Leveraging the power of this technology has to date allowed Impande and its affiliates to support 62,583 children at 1,876 ECD centres and provide more than 1 million meals annually. They have also seen 295 classrooms built, allowed for 221 centres to access funding, and support 1,165 teachers with a basic income through the Small Enterprise Foundation (SEF). Impande works work closely with public, civil, and private sector stakeholders to drive investment in grassroots ECD. All their work is grounded in a solid ECD network to ensure community participation and effective resource allocation ensuring their holistic approach to ECD. Hogan Lovells recently hosted an event which brought together key civil and private stakeholders to address critical issues such as systemic marginalisation and dire poverty, which are contributing factors to children’s development in South Africa. Deepa Vallabh partner at Hogan Lovells said, “the importance of what Impande does and the generational impact of their work cannot be underestimated in the context of South Africa. Intervention at the right time in a child’s development makes all the difference in their ability to succeed and gives them the best chance for a better future. I believe that as corporate South Africa we can play a pivotal role by supporting organisations like Impande and help create stronger foundations for our future talent”. “Hogan Lovells have been providing pro-bono legal work and advice to us now for the last few years which has been a huge help to us as we grow. We look forward to continuing to collaborate closely with them to drive shared value to improve the lives of young children and women in South Africa and shape the future of the country” adds Lingett.

June 21, 2024

Embracing Every Step: Navigating Special Needs

“My journey with Dibber International has deeply intertwined with the lives of countless families, each with their unique, cherished children. As someone on the autism spectrum and a parent to a special needs son, I deeply grasp the intricacies and joys of nurturing children with diverse needs. From autism to developmental delays and learning difficulties, every journey is as unique as the precious children it encompasses. “I know firsthand how daunting it can be to embark on this journey. Even with my qualifications and experience, I initially struggled to acknowledge and navigate my son’s challenges. It was a journey filled with denial, fear, and uncertainty. But with the help of dedicated teachers, supportive managers, compassionate doctors, and skilled therapists, we began to navigate this uncharted territory. Each step was arduous, but with their guidance and expertise, we gradually found our footing. Today, we stand stronger, armed with knowledge, resilience, and an unwavering determination to overcome any obstacle that comes our way. “Looking back, I often wished I had the support of Dibber International when our journey began. The personalised guidance, holistic approach, and unwavering support that Dibber provides would have been invaluable during those challenging early days. That’s why I am deeply committed to this cause—not only as an educator but also as someone I wish I had when we first set foot on this path. I’ve learned firsthand that I am not alone, and neither are you. “The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges, disrupting the lives of families and exacerbating existing barriers to education and support services. For young children, especially those with special needs, the absence of in-person preschool experiences deprived them of vital opportunities for social interaction, sensory exploration, and structured learning. The abrupt shift to remote learning posed significant challenges for children who thrive “on routine, consistency, and hands-on experiences. Isolation from friends, teachers, and routine has been particularly challenging for young children’s social and emotional development. Many missed out on crucial interactions and experiences that lay the foundation for empathy, cooperation, and emotional regulation. Furthermore, the sudden change in routine and increased screen time may have impacted their sleep patterns, attention spans, and overall well-being. “As we navigated these turbulent waters, Dibber International’s commitment to families remained steadfast. We adapted our strategies, providing virtual support, resources, and guidance to bridge the gap created by remote learning. However, we acknowledged the limitations of virtual platforms in meeting the holistic needs of young children with special needs. In-person preschool experiences and supportive learning environments became more crucial than ever. “Development in young children under six unfolds across multiple domains—physical, cognitive, social, and emotional. Every milestone, from learning to walk to understanding emotions, contributes to their growth. For children with special needs, this journey may require tailored interventions and support. Early intervention services play a pivotal role in identifying and addressing developmental delays, equipping children with the tools they need to thrive. “At Dibber International, our approach to child development is grounded in the belief that every child possesses unique strengths and abilities. We call it the Dibber Way—a mastery that celebrates individuality and fosters growth. Our team collaborates closely with families to create personalized education plans prioritising each child’s well-being, growth, and happiness. Through play-based learning, sensory exploration, and tailored support, we empower children to reach their full potential, one step at a time. “Together, as a community of parents, educators, and supporters, we stand united in our commitment to nurturing and empowering every child. Though the road ahead may be challenging, it is also filled with endless possibilities and moments of profound joy. With each step we take together, we weave a tapestry of hope, resilience, and boundless love. Let us continue to embrace every step of this journey with open hearts and unwavering determination, knowing that our children’s futures are bright with promise “If you suspect your child may be experiencing challenges or difficulties, trust your instincts and reach out for support. As parents, you know your child best, and early intervention can make a significant difference in addressing developmental concerns. Our teamis here to listen, provide guidance, and support you through every step of the process. From assessment and diagnosis to creating personalized intervention plans, we’ll work together to ensure your child receives the support they need to thrive. Remember, you are not alone on this journey, and together, we can empower your child to reach their full potential. “What if all children could know how valuable they are? Together, we create a world where every child is cherished, included, and empowered to thrive, creating a child for the heart of the world.” By: Kelly Grace Eyre

June 17, 2024

Questions to ask when selecting a preschool for your child

Choosing the best preschool for your little one can be a daunting task – it’s your child’s first experience of school and the beginning of their formal educational journey. It’s therefore important for parents to ask helpful questions as they evaluate their options. Janet Beyrooti, Preschool Curriculum Manager at Curro Holdings, the JSE-listed independent education provider, shares her tips for parents assessing preschools. “When selecting a preschool, parents should focus on safety, the quality of the teachers, and the school’s approach to early childhood learning, making sure it supports brain development through play in a safe and caring environment,” says Beyrooti. Questions to ask Will the school work on a practical and logistical level for our family? Parents need to ensure the school makes sense for their family. Is it easy to get to? Are the fees within their budget? What is and isn’t included in the fees (for example, is stationery included or are meals provided and are they balanced and healthy) and what is the fee schedule (monthly, termly, yearly)? Is the school safe? Does the school have strong safety policies and procedures? Are the staff trained in first aid? For example, Beyrooti says that preschool standard procedures should include strict health and safety rules, safe sleeping practices, thorough training in first aid and hygiene, and keeping a clean and safe environment for children to play and learn. Does this school offer a good start for my child’s learning journey? While preschool should not focus on academics in the same formalised way as primary and high school, it’s important that there is a good curriculum in place to help prepare children for the foundation phase of school, which begins at Grade R. “Our curriculum is based on research, ensuring children learn in a safe space both physically and mentally,” says Beyrooti. “Through teamwork, the learning and curriculum smoothly transition from one age group to another.” Will my child receive quality care? Apart from offering a comprehensive curriculum, a preschool should also offer responsive caregiving. “This refers to early childhood development (ECD) staff who understand each child’s needs and preferences. This personal care helps children feel safe and understood, promoting a positive learning environment,” says Beyrooti. Will my child be happy at this school? Happy children learn better. Plus, children who have good early experiences in school are more likely to have a positive attitude towards primary school and learning. Is the preschool a good fit for your child? Beyrooti says that Curro aims to make preschool a happy experience for babies, toddlers and young children by focusing on play-based learning, responsive caregiving, and the assurance that both they and their parents feel safe and supported. “Our ECD staff understands that children have different needs, likes, and dislikes, and this helps to create a loving and personal environment,” she says. Other questions parents may want to ask include the teacher-to-learner ratio, what the policy is when children get sick, what an average day looks like for their child’s age group, and how the school communicates with parents. “Parents need to evaluate their options and then select a preschool that promises the best beginning for their little one,” says Beyrooti. “Ultimately, you’re looking for a preschool that places the child’s natural development – including their critical need to play – at the heart of its approach.”

June 12, 2024

Nurturing Minds at Night: Why sleep is your child’s best learning tool

Dibber International Preschools recognises sleep’s profound impact on a child’s holistic development. Emphasising the need for a good night’s rest, Ursula Assis, Country Director at Dibber International Preschools, discusses the vital role sleep plays in young learners’ physical, emotional, and cognitive growth. The Crucial Link Between Sleep and Early Brain Development “Sleep is not just a restorative process; it’s a crucial building block in a child’s developmental journey,” Assis explains. During sleep, the brain is incredibly active and engaged in processes essential for healthy development, such as memory consolidation, information processing, motor skill refinement, and neural pathway strengthening. Research shows adequate sleep improves focus, enhanced problem-solving capabilities, better mood regulation, and increased resilience. Moreover, it plays a significant role in physical growth, particularly during infancy. Addressing the Consequences of Sleep Deprivation The effects of insufficient sleep can range from mild irritability to more severe impacts on a child’s academic performance, often mimicking ADHD symptoms. “It’s alarming that one in four children under the age of five are not getting the sleep they need, which can lead to long-term issues including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems,” Assis adds. Ensuring Adequate Sleep: Recommendations for Parents Recognising the varying sleep needs of children as they grow, Assis advises parents on how to establish effective sleep habits: Infants (0-3 months) require 14-17 hours of sleep, including naps. Infants (4-12 months) need 12-16 hours, including naps. Toddlers (1-2 years) should get 11-14 hours, including naps. Preschoolers (3-5 years) benefit from 10-13 hours, including naps. School-aged children (6-13 years) need 9-12 hours. Teenagers (14-17 years) should aim for 8-10 hours. Tips for Promoting Healthy Sleep Patterns Assis encourages parents to adopt a consistent bedtime routine to help regulate their child’s sleep patterns. This routine might include turning off screens well before bedtime, engaging in calming activities like reading a book or listening to soothing music, and ensuring the sleep environment is conducive to rest. “Creating a relaxing atmosphere, limiting evening stimulation, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule all contribute to better sleep hygiene. By establishing these habits early, parents can set the foundation for a lifetime of healthy sleep,” says Assis. Dibber International Preschools remains committed to nurturing the academic and overall well-being of its students. It recognises that a well-rested child is better equipped to face the challenges and opportunities of each day. “By prioritising sleep, parents are investing in their child’s future, enhancing not just their health but also their capacity to learn and grow,” concludes Assis. “At Dibber, we strive to support families in understanding and implementing these critical practices, ensuring our students can achieve their full potential.”

June 10, 2024

Beyond the Classroom: Dibber’s Seed-to Spoon Philosophy Fosters Healthy Habits

Dibber International Preschools is a leader in early childhood education based on the Nordic model and international standards. Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools, emphasises the importance of early childhood development and literacy in shaping the futures of young learners. “At Dibber, we believe that a well-rounded education begins with the basics, which includes literacy and cognitive skills and well rounded practices like mindful eating,” says Assis. The Importance of Mindful Eating in Early Education Mindful eating is a practice that involves being fully attentive to one’s food and using all senses to enjoy and appreciate meals. At Dibber, cultivating this habit in young children can significantly improve their lifelong health and well-being. Assis notes, “By teaching children to engage with their food mindfully, we are helping them to develop healthy eating habits that will serve them well throughout their lives.” The Dibber Meal Concept, focuses on nutritious, seed-to-spoon meals that are integral to our educational approach. “Nutrition is as vital to a child’s development as any academic subject,” Assis states. “Our meal concept is designed to nurture not just the body but also the mind, making every meal an opportunity for learning and growth.” Activities and Benefits for Attendees Mindful eating and its benefits for children, include: Enhancing sensory experiences and appreciation for food. Recognising hunger cues to prevent overeating. Promoting better digestion through thorough chewing. “Understanding and nurturing the connection between body and mind from an early age is crucial,” concludes Assis.

June 6, 2024

UNLOCKING SOUTH AFRICA’S FUTURE – the critical role of quality Early Childhood Development and Education

In a world where investing in the future is paramount, no investment is more crucial than that in early childhood development. Research¹ has shown that the first one thousand days in a child’s life could hold the key to unlocking their lifelong potential. By age five, almost 90% of a child’s brain is developed, making these formative years pivotal in shaping their future. Ursula Assis, Country Director, Dibber International Preschools comments. South Africa’s Alarming Literacy Statistic “Like many nations, South Africa faces the challenge of ensuring quality early education for its youngest citizens. Shockingly, an international report² reveals that 81% of Grade 4 learners in the country cannot read for meaning in any of the official languages. This stark statistic underscores the urgency of addressing early childhood development. The Impact of Quality Early Education “Early childhood programmes that are sustained and of high quality can have long-lasting impacts on children. These programmes prepare them for formal schooling and set them on a path to lifelong success. Benefits include: Improved Academic Performance: Quality early education lays a solid academic foundation, allowing children to excel in reading, math, and language skills throughout their school years. Enhanced Social and Emotional Development: These programs focus on building crucial social and emotional skills, such as cooperation, communication, and empathy, which are vital for positive relationships and emotional well-being. Long-Term Educational Attainment: Children who receive quality early education are more likely to graduate from high school and pursue higher education, leading to better career opportunities and economic stability. Reduced Special Education Placements: Early childhood education identifies and addresses developmental delays or learning difficulties early on, reducing the need for special education services later in a child’s school years. Economic and Social Benefits: Quality early childhood education programs contribute to a more skilled and productive workforce, lower crime rates, and decreased reliance on social welfare programs, benefiting society as a whole. A Unique Approach to Nurturing Children’s Potential “Our approach goes beyond traditional education. The Dibber Childhood places an emphasis on not only a child’s learning achievements but also their future health, happiness, and growth. Through the Dibber Heart Culture and customised approaches to learning, children become keen explorers who love to learn and develop the competencies needed for everyday life. The emphasis is placed on developing all aspects of a child, from the cognitive and physical to the emotional and social. “A warm and inclusive atmosphere fostering positive and supportive relationships is also vital in early childhood development. Jack Shonkoff, Director of the Centre on the Developing Child at Harvard, highlights the importance of these relationships, which are the roots that allow all children to thrive. Children need to feel valued, know how to form relationships and understand their role in a greater community and the world. Everyday Moments are Golden Opportunities “There is great importance in tiny everyday moments that leave lasting traces, influence relationships, and shape culture, so we strive to make every everyday moment “golden” by actively building trust with the children and nurturing their sense of self-worth. “Investing in early childhood development not only sets children on a path to success but also contributes to the overall well-being of society.”

May 28, 2024

WHY RESPONSIVE PARENTING IS THE NEW BUZZWORD IN MODERN CHILD REARING

A fresh parenting style has been capturing caregivers’ attention worldwide: Responsive Parenting. Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools, sheds light on this emerging trend, explaining its significance and its profound impact on child development. Understanding the Core of Responsive Parenting Assis describes responsive parenting as a holistic approach that focuses on the child’s needs, emotions, and developmental milestones. This style is distinguished by its sensitivity, empathy, and commitment to fostering a secure, nurturing environment. “Responsive parents are keen observers of their child’s behaviour. They engage in active listening, validate their child’s feelings, and provide guidance that is attuned to the child’s emotional state,” Assis explains. This approach is about being present and connected with the child, ensuring that the parent’s actions and responses are consistently supportive and encouraging. It’s about establishing trust and mutual respect, where the child feels valued and understood. The Four Pillars of Traditional Parenting Styles To appreciate the uniqueness of responsive parenting, Assis contrasts it with the four traditional styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, and Uninvolved. Each style represents a different approach to discipline, communication, and nurturing. While Authoritative parenting shares some similarities with the responsive model, especially in terms of nurturing and communication, responsive parenting goes a step further by prioritising the child’s emotional and psychological needs. The Benefits of Adopting a Responsive Approach Research has shown that responsive parenting has a myriad of benefits. “Children raised in a responsive environment tend to excel in cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development,” Assis states. These children often develop secure attachments with their caregivers, which leads to better problem-solving skills, independence, and emotional regulation. Furthermore, responsive parenting fosters a peaceful home environment where children feel loved and supported, reducing the likelihood of behavioural issues. Practical Applications of Responsive Parenting Responsive parenting is actionable in daily interactions. It involves: Being sensitive to the child’s needs and responding warmly. Accepting and understanding the child’s emotions. Setting realistic expectations and helping the child achieve them. Engaging in meaningful conversations and reasoning with the child. Demonstrating consistent behaviour for the child to model. Embracing Imperfection in Parenting Assis emphasises that responsive parenting is not about perfection. “Even the most responsive parents have their off days. It’s about the effort and intention behind our actions,” she remarks. Mistakes and missteps are part of the parenting journey. Apologising and reconnecting with the child after a mistake teaches them about humility, resilience, and emotional intelligence. Responsive parenting represents a paradigm shift in how we approach child-rearing. It underscores the importance of a nurturing, empathetic relationship between parent and child, laying the groundwork for an emotionally healthy, secure, and capable future generation. As Assis concludes, “In the end, it’s not about adhering to a perfect parenting model but about being the loving, present, and responsive caregiver that every child deserves.”

May 21, 2024

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF HELICOPTER PARENTING

In the delicate balance of parenting, a fine line exists between nurturing and hovering too closely. Helicopter parenting, characterised by overprotection, micromanagement, and excessive involvement, while rooted in love and concern, can inadvertently hinder a child’s development. Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools, sheds light on this and its long-term effects on children, urging parents to find a healthy balance between support and autonomy. Understanding Helicopter Parenting As Assis explains, helicopter parenting stems from a deep desire to shield children from harm and ensure their success. However, this hyper-vigilant approach can impede children’s ability to develop crucial life skills, such as independence, resilience, and problem-solving. The Long-Term Impact on Children Assis outlines five significant long-term effects of helicopter parenting on children: Decreased Confidence & Self-Esteem: By constantly intervening and limiting their independence, helicopter parents inadvertently hamper children’s confidence and self-esteem, hindering their ability to navigate challenges with resilience. Inability to Cope with Emotions and Failures: Sheltering children from failure deprives them of valuable learning experiences and coping mechanisms, leaving them ill-prepared to handle setbacks and disappointments. Increased Anxiety: The constant pressure to meet parental expectations and the lack of autonomy can lead to heightened stress and anxiety levels among children, affecting their overall well-being. Sense of Entitlement: Children accustomed to having their every need catered to may develop a sense of entitlement, expecting success without putting in the necessary effort or facing adversity. Non-Existent Life Skills: Overprotected children may lack essential life skills, such as problem-solving and resilience, making it challenging for them to navigate the complexities of the real world independently. How to Avoid Helicopter Parenting Assis offers practical advice for parents on how to avoid falling into the trap of helicopter parenting: Empower Independence: Allow children to tackle challenges and solve problems on their own, gradually increasing their autonomy as they grow. Encourage Resilience: Support children in facing setbacks and disappointments, emphasising the importance of perseverance and resilience in overcoming obstacles. Promote Life Skills: Provide opportunities for children to develop essential life skills, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and emotional regulation, through hands-on experiences and real-world challenges. Be the Net When They Fall Assis underscores the importance of being a supportive presence in children’s lives, offering comfort and encouragement when they encounter difficulties. Parents can help children build the resilience and confidence they need to thrive by serving as a safety net rather than a hovering presence. “It is important to balance support and autonomy in parenting, allowing children the freedom to explore, learn, and grow while providing a safety net of love and guidance. By avoiding the pitfalls of helicopter parenting and fostering independence and resilience in children, parents can empower them to become capable and confident individuals, prepared to navigate life’s challenges with courage and resilience,” concludes Assis.

May 14, 2024

FOSTERING RESILIENCE IN YOUNG CHILDREN IS VITAL TO THEIR HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT

How do we do this? Nurturing resilience in young children is paramount for their growth and development in a country and world filled with challenges. Ursula Assis, Country Director of Dibber International Preschools, sheds light on this crucial aspect of parenting, teaching, and early childhood education and development. As Assis explains, resilience refers to a child’s ability to respond positively to adverse events. While some may perceive resilience as an innate trait, she stresses that it can also be cultivated through cognitive, emotional, and social skills. “Resilience is not just about bouncing back from setbacks; it’s also about equipping children with the tools to navigate life’s uncertainties with confidence and adaptability,” says Assis. Here are nine practical ways parents can foster resilience in their young children, according to Assis: Setting Boundaries: Assis advises parents to set boundaries and encourage independence in their children. Saying ‘no’ when appropriate and allowing children to tackle tasks independently instils a sense of self-reliance and responsibility. Avoiding Overprotection: While ensuring safety is essential, she cautions against overprotecting children. Allowing them to explore, experiment, and occasionally experience failure is crucial for their growth and resilience. Building Strong Family Bonds: A supportive and loving family environment lays the foundation for resilience. Spending quality time together, fostering open communication, and nurturing emotional stability contribute to a child’s ability to cope with challenges. Asking Empowering Questions: Assis suggests asking ‘how’ questions to encourage problem-solving skills and a positive outlook instead of focusing on mistakes. This approach helps children develop resilience by shifting their perspective from dwelling on failures to finding solutions. Embracing Mistakes: Making mistakes is a natural part of learning and development. Assis advocates for allowing children to make and learn from mistakes, emphasising that resilience is built through overcoming challenges. Encouraging Healthy Risk-Taking: It is key to highlight the importance of encouraging children to take calculated risks and step out of their comfort zones. Providing guidance on assessing risks and taking appropriate precautions empowers children to explore new opportunities confidently. Storytelling and Inspiration: Sharing stories of resilience and perseverance inspires children to believe in their own abilities. Assis recommends storytelling as a powerful tool for instilling values of determination, passion, and resilience in young minds. Positive Communication: The tone of communication plays a significant role in shaping children’s perceptions and responses to challenges, with parents encouraged to communicate positively and emphasising encouragement and support rather than fear or negativity. Providing Unconditional Support: While fostering independence, the importance of maintaining a supportive presence in children’s lives needs to be stressed. Knowing they have a reliable source of love and guidance gives children the confidence to navigate obstacles and seek help when needed. In conclusion, Assis reiterates that parents play a crucial role in modelling resilient behaviour for their children. By incorporating these strategies into parenting practices, parents can empower their children to thrive in the face of adversity. Dibber International Preschools is dedicated to supporting parents in this journey of fostering resilience and nurturing the next generation of confident, resilient individuals.

May 7, 2024

SCREEN TIME AND ITS’ EFFECT ON LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Technology has become part of our daily life. Living in a time where everything is rushed and screen time opportunities are growing, children are exposed to screens for increased periods. What is the effect of increased periods of screen time on my child’s language development? According to recent research, screen time may have some positive effects if your child is exposed to screen time, as the World Health Organization (WHO) set out. Some positive impacts include expanding your child’s vocabulary, exposing them to cultural diversity, and keeping them occupied in a safe environment. However, suppose a child is exposed to screen time for long periods. In that case, it may negatively affect their language development as screen time may not encourage your little one to participate in a conversation actively. The WHO encourages parents not to expose their children to screen time between birth and two years and to limit screen time to less than 1 hour per day between the ages of three- and five years. Recent studies have suggested that the adverse effects of screen time appear to outweigh the positive influences thereof. During the first three years of life, the brain experiences rapid growth due to neural plasticity. The first three years of life are crucial for language development; therefore, as the parent, you will be advised and encouraged to spend as much one-on-one time with your little one to expand their vocabulary and limit screen time as much as possible. In addition, remember to read a book daily; this will expand their vocabulary, increase sentence length, and create a love for books that will be important for later learning, and create time for you and your little one to spend together. Written by Michelle McDonald (Speech-Language Therapist)

March 15, 2024

Is your child a bully?

Causes and possible solutions! As a parent, it is devastating news to learn from the schoolteacher or principal that your child is a bully. Thinking that your child could harm others is a painful thought. Children’s friendship skills are essential indicators of your child’s general mental health level. If your child participates in verbal or physical bullying, it could signify severe distress. Your child might be experiencing depression or anxiety and is struggling to regulate his emotions and behaviour. Time to highlight a few examples of why a child may act unfriendly towards other children: He wants to fit in with the group that bullies a particular individual in the classroom. He is often bullied at home or school and tries to regain a sense of power by acting aggressively towards others. He wants to seek the attention of his class peers, teachers, or parents and feels he cannot get it any other way. He tends to be more assertive and impulsive than others. He is inclined to view the behaviour of others as hostile, even when it is not. He does not fully understand how his behaviour makes the other children feel (this is especially applicable to young children). Let’s have a look at valuable tips you can do as a parent to ensure your child harbors respectful relationships with others: Communicate Be open and listen to what others have to say about your child’s behaviour and your own. Set the example at home Parents must realise that their behaviour could influence their children, including how they speak to their children and spouses, and how they deal with anger and other challenging emotions. So make sure your homelife reflects the behaviour you would like your children to adopt. Put meaningful consequences in place. Punishment is only effective when it is meaningful and restricted. A privilege that is withheld for too long, for example, when you take away your child’s phone for cyber-bullying, loses its validity. Instill positive reinforcement and not negative reinforcement. Once your child has regained his privileges, you should explain the situation to him and allow for him to apologise. Monitor the situation Those surrounding him should always be on the lookout for problematic behaviour and praise him when he shows kindness towards others. Stay connected You should keep an open communication channel with your child, talk to him daily, and ask open-ended questions. Communication will place you in a better position to recognise signs of bullying. Children who share their news with their parents willingly feel comfortable speaking to them, which is an accomplishment. Therefore, you need to stay connected with your child in a supportive, non-judgmental manner. Connection is key to reducing aggressive behaviour in your child. However, if you are continuously working on your child’s friendship skills but the bullying continues, you should seek help. Your child might need a therapist’s help to work through underlying problems.

March 12, 2024

Unlocking the power of reading

READING … It has been said that in Grade 0 – 3 a child learns to read and from Grade 4 up, they read to learn. Learning to read is different from learning to communicate. Children are born with the inherent ability to learn to communicate, but they are not born with the inherent ability to learn to read. As such, teaching reading needs to be systematic and intentional. Sadly, for many of our children, they miss out on the foundations of learning to read which impacts negatively on their ability to learn throughout life. Although accurate statistics are hard to come by, the evidence is conclusive that South Africa’s rate of illiteracy in our schools it frighteningly high. In 2021, the Progress of International Literacy (PIRLS) study reported that 80% of students in South Africa, in Grade 4 were illiterate! This is beyond frightening and we need to systematically and intentionally intervene to turn the tide of growing illiteracy. In a world dominated by screens and soundbites, the art of reading seems to be fading into the background. Yet, it’s importance remains as crucial as ever. Learning to read properly isn’t just about deciphering words on a page, it’s about unlocking a world of possibilities, expanding horizon and empowering individuals to navigate the complexities of life with confidence and insight. The Gateway to Knowledge Reading is a key that opens countless doors to knowledge, wisdom and imagination. From textbooks to literature, news articles to scientific papers, reading with comprehension allows a person to access to a wealth of information. Mastering the skill of reading is paramount! It takes a child beyond the doors of their classrooms into a world of possibilities. Once you learn to read, you will be forever free.” — Frederick Douglass Empowering Critical Thinking Reading isn’t merely about absorbing words. It’s about engaging with ideas, analyzing perspectives and challenging assumptions. Proper reading comprehension cultivates critical thinking skills essential for navigating an ever increasingly complex world. Student who can read effectively are better equipped to evaluate information critically, discern fact from opinion, and form their own well-informed judgments. Fostering Empathy and Understanding Literature has the power to transport readers into the lives of others, which fosters empathy and understanding. Through the pages of novels, short stories and poems, children encounter diverse characters and perspectives, gaining insights into different cultures, experiences and emotions. These literally journeys broaden children’s worldview and cultivate empathy, which is a vital attribute for building harmonious relationships and thriving in a multicultural society. Enhancing Communication Skills Reading also extensively is a cornerstone of success in both academic and professional realms. Reading extensively exposes students to various writing styles, vocabulary and sentence structures, which enhances their own language proficiency. Furthermore, exposure to well-written texts serves as a model for developing coherent arguments, articulating thoughts clearly and communicating ideas persuasively. These are skills which are invaluable in academic essays, presentations and other everyday interactions. “Children are made readers in the laps of their parents.” -Emilie Buchwald Fuelling Imagination and Creativity Books are portals to boundless worlds limited only by one’s imagination. Through the pages of fiction, students embark on fantastical adventures, explore distant galaxies and immerse themselves in richly imagined landscapes. Reading stimulates creativity, igniting the imagination and inspiring individuals to think innovatively. For students nurturing creativity through reading fosters a sense of possibility and fuels their aspirations for the future. Building Resilience and Grit The journey of learning to read proficiently is often fraught with challenges – encountering unfamiliar works, grappling with complex concepts and overcoming moments of frustration. Through perseverance in the face of these obstacles that resilience and grit are forged. Students who persist in honing their reading skills develop the confidence to tackle academic challenges head-on and the resilience to navigate setbacks with determination. Cultivating Lifelong Learning Reading is not merely a skill to be mastered in school but is lifelong companion on the journey of personal growth and self-discovery. Students who cultivate a love for reading are more likely to become lifelong learners, continuously seeking out new knowledge and experiences beyond the confines of formal education. Whether delving into non-fiction to expand the expertise or losing themselves in the pages of fiction for pure enjoyment, the habit of reading enriches their lives immeasurably. In an age dominated by rapid technological advancements, the ability to read properly remains a timeless and indispensable skill. For children, mastering this skill is not just about meeting their academic requirements but about equipping them with the tools needed to thrive. By unlocking the power of reading, children embark on a journey of discovery, a journey that transcends the confines of the classroom and shapes the course of their lives. And all this begins by parents developing a love of books in their children!

February 15, 2024

Wingu Academy Unveils the Early Years (Stage R) Oxford International Program: The evolution of learning in South Africa

In a groundbreaking development for the Wingu Academy, we are thrilled to announce the upcoming launch of the Stage R Early Years Program, scheduled to commence in 2024. This transformative educational initiative promises to usher in a new era of learning, providing our students with a world-class educational experience designed to prepare them for the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. Learn more about the Stage R Oxford Program and sign up for this exciting journey by clicking here. Stage R Implementation: South Africa’s educational landscape is undergoing a transformation, marked by recent legislative shifts such as the proposed BELA Bill, which mandates an additional 1-2 years of schooling and makes Stage R compulsory for children. Under these new regulations, Wingu Academy’s Early Years (Stage R) program gives South African children the best possible Stage R education. This groundbreaking program sets a new standard in home education, incorporating the internationally respected Early Years program from the Oxford International Curriculum. The Oxford International Curriculum is recognized globally for its impeccable standards and comprehensive approach to education, making it the perfect choice to support our young learners on their educational journey. Implementing the prestigious Oxford Curriculum at Wingu Academy will open the door to a myriad of benefits for our Stage R students: Enhanced Learning Opportunities: The Stage R Oxford Program will provide our young learners with access to a more enriching and challenging curriculum, enabling them to realize their full academic potential. Preparation for the Future: In an ever-competitive and increasingly globalized world, the program will equip Stage R students with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive and succeed. Personal Growth: Beyond academics, the program will focus on character education and extracurricular activities to foster essential life skills, including leadership, teamwork, and resilience. Global Citizenship: Exposure to diverse perspectives and cultures will broaden our Stage R students’ horizons, making them more informed and compassionate global citizens. As we embark on this new chapter in our school’s history, we eagerly anticipate the endless possibilities it holds for our Stage R students. The Early Years (Stage R) program will undoubtedly shape the future of education at Wingu Academy, enriching the lives of our Stage R students and preparing them for a bright and promising future.

November 21, 2023

Creating a good self-esteem with your preschooler

Healthy self-esteem is like a child’s armour against the challenges of the world. In the early years a child is still developing ideas about himself. These are largely based on his interactions with others. These opinions that a child has about himself forms his self-esteem. Lynn van Jaarsveld, Principal of Trinityhouse Pre-Primary Little Falls, gives some guidelines to help build a positive self-esteem: make rules that are reasonable praise accomplishments—rather than ignore and punish remember the value of positive statements be neither over-protective nor under-protective help your child to deal with failure in a constructive manner show your child that you love them affirm your child’s worth spend time, plenty of time with your child pray with your child encourage independence teach your child responsibility never make comparisons between children don’t expect perfection Most important of all, is to have fun with your preschooler. Kids who know their strengths and weaknesses and feel good about themselves seem to have an easier time handling conflicts and resisting negative pressures. They tend to smile more readily and enjoy life. These kids are realistic and generally optimistic. Taking responsibility and pride in who you are as parents is a sure sign of healthy self-esteem and the greatest gift you can give to your child. By Lynn van Jaarsveld (Principal of Trinityhouse Pre-Primary Little Falls)

November 20, 2023

Does your child have Visual Perception challenges?

Visual perception is a fundamental aspect of human experience. It is the brain’s ability to make sense of what the eyes see. It allows us the ability to interpret, filter, organise and make sense of the world around us, from recognising faces, to reading words, to judging distances and perceiving colours. During development, good visual perceptual skills are important and make up part of the foundation of learning. Difficulty with visual perceptual skills can lead to problems with learning. In this article we explore what visual perception is, the various aspects of it and highlight some key red flags that parents should be aware of. Visual perception can be divided into the following complex processes: Visual Memory – Record and store information to be recalled and accessed later. Red flags that indicate challenges with Visual Memory include: Recalling site words Spelling – especially remembering how words are spelled Reading fluidly – each word read seems brand new Writing – recalling letter formation Drawing – remembering what an item is supposed to look like from past experiences Math skills – remembering how the problem is supposed to look, graphing, or using a calculator Completing life skills such as following a recipe, reading a map, shopping, using the internet, and typing Visual Sequential Memory – Similar to visual memory but helps us remember and recognise people, places we have been, and a series of events, equations, and procedures. This helps us to work through, plan and prepare for our days, and to access necessary stored information for engagement with all our daily tasks. Red flags that indicate challenges with Visual Sequential Memory are the same as for Visual memory. Form Constancy – Distinguish one shape from another which is similar. This can include difference in size, colour, or shape. For example, the difference between b and d. Red flags that indicate challenges with Form Constancy include: Difficulty completing worksheets/puzzles, and sorting items that are slightly different Slow or delayed learning to read, especially with different fonts, or writing styles Unable to effectively read other people’s handwriting Figure Ground – Filter, sort and extract the most important information from a busy background, which is important when organising your environment, including your room, your workspace, your work book etc. Red flags that indicate challenges with Figure Ground include: Difficulty locating objects in competing environments such as a drawer, folder, or crowd Loses their place when reading, copying from the board, or writing from a model Struggles to find personal items in a crowded space Slow to complete work Unable to effectively sort items from a large pile Spatial Relations – Process and organise visual information from our environment and decipher where it is in relation to ourselves. Spatial relations include laterality and directionality. Laterality is the ability to distinguish between left and right on oneself. Directionality is telling the difference between right and left on objects or someone else. Red flags that indicate challenges with Spatial Relations include: Knowing their left and right Reading similar letters such as b/d p/q without errors Forming letters/numbers correctly Following directions involving space, such as “go right” Moving around their environment without bumping into objects Learning social skills involving body language and spatial distance from others Copying written work, staying inside the lines, or writing within certain confines Completing puzzles – knowing which way to place a piece Visual Closure – Detect, differentiate, select, draw conclusions, and understand information when we are only given certain pieces of information, rather than the entire account, story or explanation. Red flags that indicate challenges with Visual Closure include: Difficulty completing puzzles Challenges with dot-to-dot activities Refusal to engage in tasks such as puzzles, dot-to-dot and colouring activities Slow reading fluency Visual Discrimination – Identify detail, determine similarities and differences in shape, colour, position, and orientation. The other six skills require some level of visual discrimination. Red flags that indicate challenges with Visual Discrimination include: Difficulty sorting similar items such as coins, socks, silverware, especially those with subtle differences Difficulty effectively read maps Challenges with reading words that are similar such as “cat” and “cap” Difficulty completing puzzles or spot the difference pages Visual Motor Integration – Integrate the visual information received in the brain with fine motor skills. It involves interpreting and responding to visual information accurately and effectively, typically using precise motor movements. Red flags that indicate challenges with Visual Motor Intergation include: Difficulty with fine motor skills Messy handwriting Poor hand eye co-ordination Inaccurate cutting Avoidance of activities Difficulty with spatial awareness Visual Attention – Attend to visual information, while filtering out unnecessary details. Red flags that indicate challenges with Visual Attention include: Bumping into things, clumsy movements Not being able to find items Difficulty with reading and writing What If my child has poor Visual Perception? If your child has poor visual perceptual skills, this can affect their participation in daily tasks and specifically in their school environment with reading, writing, organisation, and other executive functioning skills. Visual perception plays a crucial role in a child’s development and learning. Whilst some variations in visual development are normal, parents/care givers and teachers/therapists should be attentive to red flags that may indicate potential issues. If you notice any red flags in your child’s visual development, it is essential to consult with an eye care professional such as a Behavioural Optometrist for a comprehensive assessment of the eye and its behavioural response to its environment. An Occupational Therapist, a Remedial Therapist or an Educational Psychologist can carry out the necessary assessments to determine the areas where your child is struggling and is able to provide appropriate assistance where necessary. Early detection and intervention can make a significant difference in a child’s visual development and overall well-being. Written by Nicky Forssman – Occupational Therapist Glenoaks School

October 30, 2023

Emotional and Social Milestones of a 6-year-old

Why it’s important to nurture empathy in kids? Parents should consider teaching empathy and nurturing emotional intelligence in their children for several reasons. In its most basic form, empathy is the ability to put oneself in another’s shoes and comprehend their emotions and experiences. Empathy can also be useful in teaching children about bullying and how to avoid it. Thus, teaching empathy is an important factor in preventing bullying at school. How can parents encourage emotional intelligence and empathy in their children? Make sure your child’s emotional needs are met – To be able to feel and express empathy for another person, a child’s emotional needs must first be satisfied. Before she can help someone else, she must be able to rely on her parents and caregivers for emotional support. Teach your child how to cope with negative emotions – Negative emotions like anger and jealousy are common in children and adults. A child with good emotional intelligence and empathy is more likely to be taught how to handle these feelings positively in a problem-solving manner by sympathetic parents. Ask, “How would you feel?” – When a pre-schooler smacks a sibling or a friend or takes away a toy they’re playing with, a parent should explain that such action might hurt a person. “How would you feel if someone took your toy away?” or “How would you feel if someone smacked you?” are some examples of questions to use. Name that feeling – Identify and categorize feelings and emotions as much as possible to assist your child in understanding them. If your child behaves kindly toward someone, you can say: “That was very good of you to be so worried about your friend; I’m sure it made him feel much better when you were so kind to him. If your child behaves unpleasantly, you can say: “I understand you may be angry, but it made your friend sad when you stole his toy from him.” Talk about positive and negative behaviours around you – In real life, as well as in books, television, and movies, we are always exposed to instances of good and bad behaviour. Discuss with your child any behaviour you notice, such as someone making another person upset or acting like a bully, or someone helping others and making them feel better about themselves. Set a good example – By watching you and other adults in their lives, your child learns how to interact with others. Show them what it is to be helpful or kind and loving. You can teach your child to be sympathetic by helping family members and neighbours and supporting friends and those in need or going through a difficult time.

October 17, 2023

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