Medical aid has slipped out of reach for many South African families. Contribution hikes outpace salaries, and parents end up choosing between comprehensive cover and school fees, fuel, or groceries.  This is precisely the gap where health insurance products have grown, marketed as leaner, more affordable ways to access private care. However, health insurance is regulated differently, works differently, and has different risks from a medical scheme. The trade-offs are crucial where pregnancy, chronic illness, or late-night paediatric emergencies are concerned. Medical aid vs health insurance: the basics Medical schemes fall under the Medical Schemes Act and must cover prescribed minimum benefits (PMBs). They work on open enrolment and community rating, which limits how much a scheme can discriminate based on age or health status. Health insurance policies fall under insurance law. Benefits are linked to events or set amounts rather than the full cost of treatment. Policies pay a fixed rand amount per GP visit, per hospital day, or per listed event such as an accident or certain critical illnesses. Demarcation regulations make it clear that these products may not present themselves as medical aids or as substitutes for scheme membership, even though they are often framed as “alternatives” in everyday language. Why parents start looking beyond medical aid Rising contributions and co-payments push many families to downgrade or cancel cover. Reports from regulators and industry show that medical aid remains the most comprehensive route into private healthcare, yet often at a price unaffordable to lower and middle-income households. Parents, especially those with young children, then face a three-way choice: Each route comes with gaps that become obvious once a child lands in casualty or a parent faces surgery. Option 1: Medical scheme hospital plans Hospital plans still fall within the medical scheme framework and include PMBs, which cover emergency treatment and many chronic conditions at cost. This legal protection remains a key difference from health insurance. Parents often move to a hospital plan to reduce premiums, accepting that day-to-day costs such as GP visits, antibiotics, and spectacles come out of pocket.  Entry-level hospital options that use network hospitals come in below comprehensive plans and are flagged by scheme executives as a common downgrade step for cost-sensitive members. This path suits households that can cash-flow routine care and want strong protection against big-ticket events: premature birth, theatre, ICU, or severe illness in a child. Option 2: Primary-care health insurance Primary-care or “day-to-day” health insurance policies like Dischem Health focus on GP consultations, basic dentistry, some tests, and a limited basket of medicines. Premiums sit well below most medical aid options, which is why employer groups and advisers highlight them for workers priced out of schemes. Benefits are capped and event-based. Once the plan limit for GP visits, blood tests, or radiology is reached, parents pay in full. There is no obligation to fund PMBs, and underwriting terms can exclude certain conditions or load premiums. This type of cover can provide parents with a safety net for common childhood illnesses and minor injuries, especially in areas where public clinics are overloaded. It does not replace full medical aid once surgical lists, neonatal care, or extended hospital stays enter the picture. Option 3: Hospital cash, accident, and emergency cover Another group of products pays a lump sum if a child or parent is hospitalised, involved in an accident, or diagnosed with a listed condition. Benefits might include a daily amount for each night in hospital, a fixed payout for ICU, or cover limited to accidents and emergencies. These policies support families by covering income loss, transport, or outstanding bills, rather than guaranteeing full settlement of hospital accounts. Parents still deal directly with hospitals and doctors on tariffs and shortfalls. Households that rely mainly on public facilities sometimes use these policies to fund private casualty visits for injuries or sudden illness, buying time in settings where queues and resource constraints can be severe. Where gap cover fits in Gap cover is not an alternative to medical aid. It exists to plug shortfalls on a medical scheme by paying the difference between what the scheme reimburses and what specialists charge for covered in-hospital procedures. Parents on lean hospital plans often use gap cover to reduce the risk of large co-payments if a child needs theatre or an extensive hospital stay. Someone without a medical scheme cannot claim from gap cover. Final thoughts Parents looking beyond medical aid aren’t picking a product; they’re choosing how their family will face illness and crisis.  Medical aid still offers the widest shield, even if its price shuts many out. Health insurance can ease common costs, but understanding its gaps is essential before committing to new cover.